ESIA FOR WET COFFEE PROCESSING

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

STUDY FOR WET COFFEE PROCESSING INDUSTRY

PROJECT PROMOTER: ADKK COFFEE PULPING PLC

CONTACT PHONE NO: +251 913789623

PROJECT LOCATION: OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, WEST ARSI

ZONE, NANSEBO DISTRICT, HUROBARO KEBELE

SUBMITTED TO: WEST ARSI ZONE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

AUTHORITY
Prepared by:
Prepared by: GREEN LIGHT CONSULTANCY AND TRAINING SERVICE
Website: http://glconsultancy5.com
Email: [email protected], [email protected]
Phone Number: 0913175017

WORKA, ETHIOPIA
APRIL, 2024

GREEN LIGHTCONSULTANCY AND TRAINING SERVICE

CMPNAY

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Table of Contents
LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................................................ iv
LIST OF ACRONYMS.......................................................................................................................... v
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................................................... vi
1: INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................ 1
1.1. Background............................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2. Objectives of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment.....................................................................2
1.3. Scope of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment............................................................................2
1.4. Methodology of the Study....................................................................................................................... 3
1.4.1. Review of Relevant Literature, Policies and Legal Documents...................................................................3
1.4.2. Field Surveys and Data Collection..............................................................................................................3
1.4.3. Stakeholders and Public Consultations......................................................................................................4
1.5. The ESMP Team...................................................................................................................................... 4
2: ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK................5
2.1. The Constitution of FDRE.......................................................................................................................... 5
2.2. Proclamation on Establishment of Environmental Protection Organs........................................................5
2.3. The National Economic Development Policies and Strategy.......................................................................6
2.3.1. Ethiopian Investment Proclamation...........................................................................................................6
2.4. Environmental Policies and Strategies....................................................................................................... 6
2.4.1. Environmental Policy of Ethiopia...............................................................................................................6
2.4.2. Land Tenure, Expropriation and Compensation Policies............................................................................7
2.4.3. National Biodiversity Policy and Strategies................................................................................................7
2.5. Legislative Instruments Related to the Environment and the investment...................................................8
2.5.1. Environmental Impact Assessment Legislation (Proclamation No. 299/2002)...........................................8
2.5.2. Environmental Pollution Control Legislation (Proclamation No. 300/2002)..............................................9
2.5.3. Solid Waste Management Legislation (Proclamation No. 513/2007).........................................................9
2.5.4. Occupational Safety and Health Legislation (Proc. No. 377/2003).............................................................9
2.5.5. Public Health Legislation (Proclamation No. 200/2000)...........................................................................10
2.5.6. Ethiopian Labor Proclamation (Proclamation No. 1156/2019)................................................................10
2.5.7. Investment Legislation (Proclamation No. 1180/2020)............................................................................11
2.6. Environmental Regulation Pertaining to Standards..................................................................................12
2.6.1. Effluent Standards....................................................................................................................................12
2.6.2. Noise Standards.......................................................................................................................................12
2.6.3. Ambient Air Quality Standards.................................................................................................................13
2.7. Administrative and Institutional Framework...........................................................................................13
2.7.1. Environmental Protection Authority........................................................................................................13
2.7.2. Oromia Environment Protection Authority Bureaus................................................................................14
3: PROJECT DESCRIPTION........................................................................................................... 15
3.1. Project Description................................................................................................................................. 15
3.1.1. Project Justification..................................................................................................................................15
3.1.2. Objectives of the Project..........................................................................................................................15
3.1.3. Project Utilities........................................................................................................................................16
3.1.3. Processing Capacity.................................................................................................................................16
3.2. Wet Processing Process of Coffee Beans.................................................................................................. 16

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3.2.1. Sorting and processing coffee fruits.........................................................................................................16

3.2.2. Remove the flesh (fruit skin)....................................................................................................................16
3.2.3. Ferment...................................................................................................................................................17
3.2.4. Clean and dry...........................................................................................................................................17
4: DESCRIPTION OF BASELINE CONDITION...........................................................................18
4.1. Baseline Environment............................................................................................................................. 18
4.1.1. Physical Environment...............................................................................................................................18
4.1.2. Population................................................................................................................................................19
5: IMPACTS IDENTIFICATION, EVALUATION & PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES21
5.1. Potential Positive Impacts of the Project/Benefits...................................................................................21
5.2. Negative impacts during Operation and Decommissioning phase............................................................21
5.2.1. Identification of Environmental Aspects..................................................................................................21
5.2.2. Cause and Effect Analysis.........................................................................................................................22
5.2.3. Water Pollution........................................................................................................................................23
5.2.4. Impact on Air Quality...............................................................................................................................23
5.2.5. Nuisance Noise........................................................................................................................................24
5.2.6. Generation of Solid Waste/Coffee Pulp...................................................................................................24
5.2.7. Work Accident.........................................................................................................................................25
5.2.8. Employees’ Health Hazard.........................................................................................................................25
5.2.9. Occupational Safety Problems.................................................................................................................25
6: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN.......................................28
6.1 Environmental Management Plan............................................................................................................ 28
6.1.1..................................................................................Waste water Management Plan 28
6.1.2. Training and Capacity Building plan.........................................................................................................29
6.1.2. Local Recruitment Plan............................................................................................................................29
6.1.3. Local Communities Concern Plan.............................................................................................................29
6.1.4. Grievance mechanism Plan......................................................................................................................30
6.1.5. Health and Safety Plan.............................................................................................................................30
6.1.6. Commitment to Workers‟ Rights...............................................................................................................31
6.1.7. Project Code of Conduct..........................................................................................................................31
6.1.8. Reporting and Reviewing.........................................................................................................................32
6.2. Environmental Monitoring Plan.............................................................................................................. 36
6.2.1. Compliance Monitoring...........................................................................................................................37
6.2.2. Implementation Committee and Organization........................................................................................37
6.2.3. Environmental Affair Unit........................................................................................................................37
6.2.4. Occupational Health and Safety Unit.......................................................................................................38
6.2.5. Green Belt Development Plan..................................................................................................................38
6.2.6. Checking and Corrective Action...............................................................................................................39
6.2.6.1. Inspection of Environmental Performance and Monitoring..................................................................39
6.2.7. Reporting and Communicating.................................................................................................................39
6.3. Environmental Auditing Schedule........................................................................................................... 40
7: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION............................................................................ 43
7.1. Conclusion.............................................................................................................................................. 43
7.2. Recommendation.................................................................................................................................... 43
REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................... 45

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APPENDICES..................................................................................................................................... 46
i. Consultant Company License and Professional License........................................46
ii. Proponent Legal Document............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Limit values for Discharge Waste waters from similar projects....................................................12
Table 2: Limit Value for Noise level............................................................................................................13
Table 3: Limit Value for Emissions to Air from factory..............................................................................13
Table 4: Operational Phase Environmental Aspects and Significance.........................................................22
Table 5: Summary of likely impacts............................................................................................................26
Table 6: Environmental Aspect, Potential Impact, Identified risks and mitigation measures......................26
Table 7: Environmental Management Plan..................................................................................................33
Table 8: Environmental Monitoring Plan.....................................................................................................42

Figure 1: Schematic representation of conventional wet coffee processing.................................................17

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LIST OF ACRONYMS

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EMP Environmental Management Plan

EPA Environmental Protection Authority

EPC Environmental Protection Council
ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan
FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
GDP Growth Domestic Product
GLC Green Light Consultancy

GTP Growth and Transformation Plan

PPE Personal Protection Equipment

SEM Sustainable Environmental Management

WHO World Health Organization

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This wet coffee processing project is owned by ADKK COFFEE PULPING PLC in
Hurobaro kebele, Nansebo district, West Arsi zone. The project is cited on the land of 1.2
ha. The ESIA study is prepared based on rules, regulations and guidelines of the country.
As everyone understands from the existing situation, our country Ethiopia is scoring a
greater improvement in its growth and construction is the one and most important segment
that is playing crucial role in contributing for the overall development of the country. The
project is located by road from north and located by local small river by south, west and
east direction on 1.2 ha of land which was utilized for store, processing unit, office, coffee
husk accumulation area, guard’s home, toilets, and open sunlight drying area of coffee
cherry. The project has a potential to produce in average about 20,000kg of wet coffee. The
project will create total job opportunity for 112. From 12 permanents, 10 loading on and
off labor and 90 female casual workers.

The overall objective of the project is mainly to process and supply high quantity and
quality clean coffee products to local and global markets. Therefore, environmental impact
assessment study was carried out focusing on detail plan of the project activities and its
environment real context. According to Ethiopia’s government environmental protection
policy. The environment management and monitoring plan proclamation No 299/2002
require that an environmental impact assessment should precede all development activities.
In compliance, the proponent has commissioned Green Light consultants as consultants to
carry out the environmental impact Assessment study for the proposed project. The primary
target of this study was to identify and analysis of potential negative environmental impacts
and to propose practicable mitigation measures. In addition, to formulate an environmental
management and monitoring plan articulating envisaged impacts and mitigations in order
to reduce or avoid risks during construction, and operation phases, and to obtain an
environmental impact assessment license. The major activities they have been done were
practical field assessments and public consolations with the community neighboring the
proposed project site, the promoter and pertinent stakeholders. Various important
documents are reviewed for best result. Data collection was conducted through structured
questionnaires. Sampling and testing of environmental parameters, face to face interviews

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and observation No. 299-300/2002 and impact assessment and audit, regulations, 2002.
Potential negative impacts and mitigation measures during construction, and operation
phases of the proposed project and each activities of the project were taken into
consideration during the study.

At operation phase is the one when more effects on the environment are to be expected. Key
aspect during the most sensitive phase of operation is generation of liquid waste, some
occupational safety problem and energy demand. The above mentioned general adverse
impacts will be effectively managed and where possible eliminated through the following
mitigation measures: employing solid waste management practices, absorbing air borne
sound with absorbent surfaces or vibration damping, wearing of hearing protecting devices
for workers.

The anticipated negative impacts of the proposed project will be mitigated as per the best
practice the mitigation measures will be addressed in the environmental management plan
during all phases of the project and they include protecting the terrestrial and reverie
ecosystem from degradation during construction, treatment of effluent of the required
standards, proper use and conservation of water to minimize wastage. Collection and resale
of waste and by products and minimize air emissions. Adherence to occupational safety and
health rules of the work place to control risks and hazards and undertaking corporate social
responsibilities as recommended by EPA, proclamation No.2002.
Here below few recommendations were forwarded:
•Ponds should be prepared for used water embankment and control the direction its
outlet
•The proponents should develop environmental management system at its industry level
and introduce proper environmental management system at its industry level and
introduce environmental management plan by allocating adequate budget and
employing subject matter specialist
•The promoters of this project; in order to protect the environment, he must have to
follow and apply all the necessary Ethiopia’s environmental protection policy strategies

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•In order to protect erosion and maintain environment; Autochthonous species of plants,
such as Acacia Species, Albizia Schimperiana, Cordial Africana, should be planted in
open areas of the project and its surrounding.
•The company should assist local communities by offering them priority during worker’s
employment.
•The promoters should be rehabilitating the environment and plant erosion resistant
trees surrounding the project and some part of deforested areas due to land clearing,
construction and others related operations.
•The company should create harmonious relationship with community surrounding site
•The company should carry out regular internal monitoring in order to maintain
environmental and quality production
•Mainstreaming and scaling up best practices so that the local community can benefit
from it. However, the mitigation measures to be taken are needs accepted by the
company; all the concerned bodies should strictly follow up and take measures when
necessary.

It is expected about 980 thousand birr to manage side effects as scheduled based.

Based on the findings of the environmental assessment, it is reasonable to conclude that, the
implementation of the project will bring several beneficial impacts while the negative
impacts can be reduced to an acceptable level through a holistic planning and
implementation of the environmental management plan. Thus, the project benefits by-far
outweigh its adverse socioeconomic and socio-ecological impacts as these two can be
mitigated by proper utilizations of the suggested mitigation measures. Hence, it is safe to
recommend approval of the findings since the establishment of the project meets the
provisions of sustainability principles in providing the benefits of economic advantages.

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1: INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background
Ethiopia is one of the largest Arabica coffee producing countries and an original home of coffee.
One of the most critical problems of developing countries is improper management of vast
amount of wastes generated by various anthropogenic activities. More challenging is the unsafe
disposal of these wastes into the ambient environment. Water bodies especially freshwater
reservoirs are the most affected. Organic pollution of inland water systems in Africa is often the
result of economic and social underdevelopment. Coffee processing plants are one of the major
agro-based industries which are responsible for water pollution. In many coffee processing
countries the wastewater is disposed from pulping, fermentation and washing of coffee beans and
presents series of problem on receiving environment especially on water bodies.

Water pollution is caused by the presence of organic, inorganic, biological, radiological or

physical substances in the water that tend to degrade its quality. The presence of undesirable and
hazardous material and pathogens beyond certain limit also cause water pollution . Coffee
effluents are the main source of organic pollution in environment where intensive coffee
processing is practiced without appropriate by product management systems. Environments that
are exposed to the effluents generated from coffee processing plants show change in terms of
their physical, biological and chemical behavior. Coffee wastewater is rich in sugars and pectin
and hence it is amenable to rapid biodegradations. Coffee wastewater had high concentrations of
suspended solids, dissolved solids and elevated nutrient. Moreover, wet coffee processing usually
has high amount of conductivity, lower dissolved oxygen and elevated amount of turbidity to
nearby water bodies or receiving environment.

The wet coffee processing industries use a large quantity of water (an average of 147
m3/day) for pulping, fermentation, and washing of the coffee cherry with no recirculation.
Consequently, the wet coffee processing sections are generating large amounts of high-
strength wastewater and discharge directly into the water bodies or partially treated before
discharging to the environment. To mitigate impacts, as well as to enhance Sustainable
Environmental Management (SEM), it is now mandatory for the proponents of such project
to carry out Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMPs). In relation to this,

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Environmental concerns have now been integrated in the planning and implementation
processes of any proposed projects.

1.2. Objectives of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment

The main objective of the environmental and social impact assessment is to predict potential
environmental and socioeconomic impact of the project and to suggest possible mitigation
measures.

The environmental and social impact assessment study of the project was conducted to meet
the following specific objectives.
The major objectives of the study are intended to:
• To consider all possible positive and adverse impact to the agro industry including
flood plants, critical habitats, endemic species, wildlife, aquatic ecosystems and the
overall fauna and flora.
• To assess socio-economic impacts of the project and indentify environmental hazards
and risks associate with the project.
• Design and prepare mitigation measures and action plans to address all possible
significant negative environmental impacts.
• Ensure environmental impacts are identified and avoided or minimized.

1.3. Scope of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment

The scoping phase involves identifying the project location and its area coverage, sensitive
environmental components from field observations and pre-screening reviews as well as
developing a Scoping document. The study includes a detailed characterization of the
existing status of the environment in an area around the proposed project for various
identified components, such as air, noise, water, land, and socio-economic. Thus, the
scoping exercise has been carried out with the following main objectives:

• To define the limits of the project’s direct impact and its area coverage (area of
influence);
• To define the type and magnitude of the proposed project activities; and
• To define a list of Impacts to be studied.

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The Plan provides a framework of the impact mitigation upon approval by competent agency. The
range of issues considered in this EMP includes the following:
• Local land management;
• Solid waste management;
• Liquid waste management;
• Air quality, dust and noise management;
• Employees and public health and safety management;
• Chemicals, hazardous material, and effluent management contingency plan
and Socioeconomic impacts management.
Additional unknown and unpredictable risks will be addressed through monitoring and using risk
management process.

1.4. Methodology of the Study

The environmental and social Impact assessment was based on review of the legal requirements
of the government of Ethiopia in relation to environmental management; the safeguard
requirements of the World Bank; review of pertinent literature; collection of relevant secondary
data; field surveys at the project site and collection of primary baseline data; and conducting
informal consultations with key stakeholders at the project site.

1.4.1. Review of Relevant Literature, Policies and Legal Documents

Policies, legislation and guidelines pertinent to environmental protection were gathered and
reviewed for assessing the relevant environmental policies, laws and regulations related to
environmental protection matters in general and the expected environmental impacts of the
existing development in particular. Moreover, available documents related to the existing project
were collected and reviewed in order to obtain important data/ information about the project.

1.4.2. Field Surveys and Data Collection

Field investigation and collection of detailed data on social and natural environment was carried
out at the project area. The aim of the survey was to collect baseline environmental data for the
project influence area, and to identify sensitive environmental components that are likely would
have significant effect due to the implementation and operation of the wet coffee processing
project. Data collection was carried out using checklist. The checklist was filled at the site and

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used to identify potential socio-environmental impacts and to categorized and determine the level
of partial environmental and social impact assessment to be conducted.

1.4.3. Stakeholders and Public Consultations

During the field survey neighboring communities in Nensebo district, harobaro kebele were
contacted and consulted. Information related to the possible project adverse impacts; measures
proposed for managing the negative impacts; attitudes of the district administration towards the
existing project; and level of participation and contribution for the implementation of the wet
coffee processing project were assessed. These information and opinions have been considered in
this environmental impact analysis.

1.5. The ESMP Team

This ESIA has been conducted by an experienced team of Green Light which comprised ESIA
consultant, Environmental expert, social expert, health expert and field assessors. The team was
assisted by the factory professionals providing information.

Green Light Consultancy teams are especially thankful for all involved in this work by giving
valuable information and nice cooperation.

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2: ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE

FRAMEWORK
The policies, legislations and guidelines which govern the way in which environmental and
social impact assessments are conducted in Ethiopia, and the framework in which the
environmental and social management of the wet coffee processing project would be undertaken
have been identified and reviewed during the partial environmental and social impact assessment
process. These are briefly described in the following sections.

2.1. The Constitution of FDRE

The Constitution of Ethiopia, adopted in August 1995 through Proclamation No. 1/1995, contains
a number of articles, which are relevant to environmental matters in connection with
development projects, and forms the fundamental basis for the development of specific
environmental legislative instruments.

In the section, which deals with democratic rights, Article 43 gives the right to people to
improved living standards and to sustainable development. Article 92 of Chapter 10 (which sets
out national policy principles and objectives), includes the following significant environmental
objectives:
• Government shall endeavor to ensure that all Ethiopians live in a clean and healthy environment
as stated in Article 44,
• Development projects shall not damage or destroy the environment,
• People have the right to full consultation and the expression of views in the planning and
implementation of environmental policies and projects that affect them directly, and
Government and citizens shall have the duty to protect the environment.
A number of proclamations and supporting regulations contain provisions for the protection and
management of the environment and put into effect the principles of the Constitution and the
Environmental Policy.

2.2. Proclamation on Establishment of Environmental Protection Organs

The objective of this Proclamation (No. 295/2002) is to assign responsibilities to separate
organizations for environmental development and management activities on one hand, and
environmental protection, regulations and monitoring on the other, in order to ensure sustainable

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use of environmental resources, thereby avoiding possible conflicts of interest and duplication of
effort. It also intends to establish a system that fosters coordinated but differentiated
responsibilities among environmental protection agencies at federal and regional levels.
This Proclamation re-established the EPA as an autonomous public institution of the Federal
Government of Ethiopia. It also empowers every competent agency to establish or designate an
environmental unit that shall be responsible for coordination and follow-up so that the activities
of the competent agency are in harmony with this proclamation and with other environmental
protection requirements. Furthermore, the proclamation states that each regional state should
establish an independent regional environmental agency or designates an existing agency that
shall be responsible for environmental monitoring, protection and regulation in their respective
regional states.

2.3. The National Economic Development Policies and Strategy

2.3.1. Ethiopian Investment Proclamation

The objective of the proclamation No 769/2012 is to improve the living standards of the peoples
of Ethiopia through the realization of sustainable economic and social development. It further
ensures sustainable development as stipulated in article 38 that any investor shall have the
obligation to observe the law of the country in carrying out his/her investment activities. In
particular, the same article urges that due regard shall be given to the environmental protection
by the investor.

2.4. Environmental Policies and Strategies

2.4.1. Environmental Policy of Ethiopia

The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia (EPE) was issued in April 1997. The overall policy goal is
to improve and enhance the health and quality of life of all Ethiopians and promote sustainable
social and economic development through sound management and use of natural, human-made
and cultural resources and their environment as a whole, “so as to meet the needs of the present
generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”. The
policy consists mainly of guiding principles and various sectorial and cross-sectorial policies for
sustainable environmental management.

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The policy seeks to ensure the empowerment and participation of the people and their
organizations at all levels in environmental management activities, raise public awareness and
promote understanding of the essential linkage between environment and development. In
addition to its guiding principles, the policy addresses sectorial and cross-sectorial environmental
issues. ESIA enforcement requirements are entrenched in the cross sectorial environmental
policies. The ESIA emphasizes the early recognition of environmental issues in project planning
at all levels of administration.
2.4.2. Land Tenure, Expropriation and Compensation Policies

The Constitution of the FDRE states that the right to ownership of rural and urban land, as well
as all natural resources is of public and state. Land is the property of the state/public and does not
require compensation. The Constitution gives every person the ownership right for the property
he/she has invested on the land, and in this regard article 40 (7) states that every Ethiopian shall
have the full right to the immovable property he builds and to the permanent improvements he
brings about on the land by his labor or capital. If the land that is owned by an individual is
expropriated by the Government for public use, the person is entitled for compensation. In this
regard, article 44 (2) of the Constitution states that all persons who have been displaced or whose
livelihoods have been adversely affected as a result of development program by state or private
have the right to commensurate monetary or alternative means of compensation, including
relocation with adequate state assistance.

2.4.3. National Biodiversity Policy and Strategies

The National Biodiversity Policy (NBP) was established in 1998 based on a holistic ecosystem
approach to conserve, develop and utilize the country's biodiversity resources. Integration of
biodiversity conservation and development in federal and regional sector development initiatives,
and mobilization of international cooperation and assistance, have been identified as the principal
strategies for implementation of the policy.

The policy provides for guidance towards effective conservation, rational development and
sustainable utilization of the country‟s biodiversity, and contains comprehensive policy
provisions for the conservation and sustainable utilization of biodiversity. Protection of
biodiversity-related traditional indigenous knowledge and communities' benefit sharing
arrangements are not yet effective. Similarly, the potential of biodiversity-related opportunities

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has not yet been exploited to enhance sustainable livelihood to the desired level. However, there
is a general understanding with respect to changing the management approach in order to bring
about the desired benefits.

2.5. Legislative Instruments Related to the Environment and the investment

2.5.1. Environmental Impact Assessment Legislation (Proclamation No. 299/2002)

Based on this proclamation (299/2002), without authorization from the authority or from the
relevant regional environmental agency, no person shall commence implementation of any
project that requires environmental impact assessment. This proclamation aims primarily at
making the ESIA mandatory for categories of projects specified under a directive issued by the
EPA. The law specifies projects and activities that will require an environmental and social
impact assessment (ESIA). The project proponent must prepare an ESIA report following the
format specified in the legislation.

Procedures that need to be followed in the process of conducting environmental and social
impact assessment are described in the proclamation. Thus a project developer is expected to act
as follows:

 Undertake a timely environmental and social impact assessment, identifying the likely
adverse impacts, incorporating means of their preventions, and submitting the report to
the EPA or the relevant regional environmental agency;
 Ensure that an environmental and social impact assessment is conducted and ESIA report
is prepared
 The cost of undertaking an environmental and social impact assessment and preparing an
environmental impact study report shall be borne by the proponent.
 When implementing his project, a proponent shall fulfill the terms and condition of
authorization. On the other hand, the Authority or regional environmental agency after
evaluating the partial environmental and social impact assessment report by taking into
account any public comment and expert opinions approve the project without conditions
and issue authorization if it is convinced that the project may not cause negative impacts;
approve the project and issue authorization with conditions that must be fulfilled in order
to reduce adverse impacts to insignificance; or refuse implementation of the project if the

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negative impacts cannot be satisfactorily avoided by setting the conditions of

implementation.
2.5.2. Environmental Pollution Control Legislation (Proclamation No. 300/2002)

The Ethiopian environmental pollution control proclamations ascertained that some social and
economic development activities may cause environmental harm that could jeopardize
production. Hence, any production factory is expected to produce potential pollutants to the local
environment. Article 3/1 of the proclamation explains about environmental standards and
simultaneously prohibits no person shall pollute or cause any other person to pollute the
environment by violating the relevant environmental standard. Article of 4 this same
proclamation elucidates about management of wastes, chemical and radioactive substance by the
producer.

2.5.3. Solid Waste Management Legislation (Proclamation No. 513/2007)

The main objective of solid waste management proclamation is to enhance all stakeholders‟
capacity to manage the possible adverse impacts while creating environmentally, economically
and socially beneficial resources out of solid waste.
In article 17(1), it is depicted that without obtaining authorization, a person who implements
solid waste management project that requires special permit before its implementation as
determined in a directive issued by the relevant environmental agency commits an offence and
shall be liable according to the relevant provision of the Criminal Code. And in article 17(3)
states that any manufacturer, importer or seller who violates the provision of this Proclamation
commits an offence and shall be liable according to the relevant provision of the Criminal Code.

2.5.4. Occupational Safety and Health Legislation (Proc. No. 377/2003)

Part seven, article 92 of this proclamation stats that any employer has the obligation to take the
necessary measure to safeguard adequately the health and safety of the workers; it further states
that the employer shall in particular should take appropriate steps to ensure that workers are
properly instructed and notified concerning the hazards of their respective occupations and the
precautions necessary to avoid accident and injury to health.

The employer should ensure that directives are given and also assign safety officer; establish an
occupational, safety and health committee provide workers with protective equipment, clothing

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and other materials and instruct them how to use it; register employment accident and
occupational diseases. Further the employer ensure that the work place and premises do not cause
danger to the health and safety of the workers; take appropriate pre-executions to insure that all
the processes of work shall not be a source or cause of physical, chemical, biological, economical
and psychological hazards to the health and safety of the workers.
2.5.5. Public Health Legislation (Proclamation No. 200/2000)

This proclamation prohibits discharging of untreated liquid waste generated from septic tanks,
seepage pits and industries into water bodies or water convergences. The proclamation deals with
the water quality control, occupational health control and use of machinery, waste handling and
disposal and availability of toilet facilities in service giving organization under article 10, 11,12
and 13 respectively. The proclamation empowered the health authority to assign inspector to
enter and inspect any premise which he has sufficient reason to believe that there exists a
situation endangering public health and authorized the inspector to take samples, measurements,
photographs and make recordings, request any information from any person necessary for
investigation.

2.5.6. Ethiopian Labor Proclamation (Proclamation No. 1156/2019)

The Ethiopian Labor proclamation no. 1156/2019, aims to ensure that workers-employers
relationship are governed by the basic principles of rights and obligations with view to maintain
industrial peace and work in harmony and cooperation; to guarantee the rights of workers and
employers to form their respective associations and to engage through lawful elected
representatives in collective bargaining as well as to lay down the procedure for settlement of
labor disputes and to strengthen and define by law the power and duties of the organ charged
with the responsibility of inspecting, in accordance with the law, labor administration,
particularly labor condition, occupational safety, health and work environment.
The proclamation has provisions on employment relationships, duration of contract of
employment, obligations of parties, termination of employment relationships, severance pay &
compensation, hours of work, overtime payment, working conditions and occupational safety,
health and working environment among others.
In part 7 of Article 92 on occupational safety, health and working environment states about an
employer shall take the necessary measure to safe guard adequately the health and safety of
workers; it shall in particular:

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1/ Comply with the occupational health and safety requirements provided for in this
Proclamation. 2/ Take appropriate steps to ensure that workers are properly instructed and
notified concerning the hazards of their respective occupations; and assign safety officer; and
establish an occupational health and safety committee.
3/ Provide workers with protective equipment, clothing and other materials and instruct them of
their use. 4/ Register employment accidents and occupational diseases and report same to the
labour inspection service.
5/ Arrange, according to the nature of the work, at his own expense for the medical examination
of newly employed workers and for those workers engaged in hazardous work, as may be
necessary with the exception of HIV/AIDS Unless and otherwise the country has obligation of
international treaty to do so. 6/ Ensure that the work place and premises of the undertaking do not
pose threats to the health and safety of workers.
7/ Take appropriate precautions to ensure that all the processes of work in the undertaking shall
not be a source or cause of physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychological hazards
to the health and safety of the workers.
8/ implement the instructions given by the Competent Authority in accordance with this
Proclamation; Therefore, the proponent of the proposed project should be aware of these laws
and work in accordance to the laws. They should understand that violation of these legal
instruments would lead to the degradation of environment and health of the society and
eventually leads to legal punishment of the doer.
2.5.7. Investment Legislation (Proclamation No. 1180/2020)

This proclamation enacted on 2nd of April 2020 and put forward its objective in part two, article
5 the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is to improve the living standard of the peoples of
Ethiopia by realizing a rapid, inclusive and sustainable economic and social development. It
further ensures sustainable development as stipulated in article 54 that any investor shall have the
obligation to observe the law of the country in carrying out his/her investment activities. In
particular, the same article urges that due regard shall be given to the environmental protection
by the investor.

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2.6. Environmental Regulation Pertaining to Standards

2.6.1. Effluent Standards

Ethiopia has no national standards governing effluent discharges from industrial sites. However,
since 2003 Ethiopia has had draft regulations governing the quality of the effluent discharged
from facilities to public sewers and surface water system (EPA, 2003). These draft guidelines
require the facility to meet certain basic water quality standards for trade effluent including
sewage as shown in table below.

Table 1: Limit values for Discharge Waste waters from similar projects
Pollutants Unit Value Guideline Value
pH pH 6-9
BOD5 mg/l 50
COD mg/l 250
Total Nitrogen mg/l 10
Total phosphorous mg/l 2
Oil and grease mg/l 10
Total suspended solids mg/l 50
Temperature increase °C < 3b
Total coliform bacteria MPNa/100 ml 400
Active Ingredients / Antibiotics To be determined on a case specific basis
Notes:
a
MPN = Most Probable Number b At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which
takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and
assimilative capacity.

During the detailed design stage of the project, facility requirements will be finalized and will require use
of sewage systems that conform to international standards and criteria for the protection of potable water
sources downstream.

2.6.2. Noise Standards

Ethiopia has no national legislation for noise but World Bank guidelines have been adopted by
EPA and are used for benchmarking purposes along with the draft National Noise Standards that

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are being prepared. The guideline for daytime perimeter noise is 55 decibels (dBA). Table below
provides noise standards being adopted by EPA for Ethiopia.

Table 2: Limit Value for Noise level

Area Code Category of area Limits in dBA

Day time1 Night time2

A Industrial area 75 70
B Commercial Area 65 55

Residential Area 55 45
C
2.6.3. Ambient Air Quality Standards

Ethiopia has no national legislation for air quality, but World Bank guidelines have been opted
by the EPA and are used for benchmarking purposes along with the draft National air quality
standards that are in preparation by the EPA. Table below provides the provisional air quality
standards being adopted by EPA for Ethiopia as well the WB/IFC guidelines values.
Table 3: Limit Value for Emissions to Air from factory
Parameters Limit Value (mg/Nm3)
Total Particulates 50
Active ingredients 0.2
Organic Compounds
Class I 20
Class III 100

Class III 300

2.7. Administrative and Institutional Framework

2.7.1. Environmental Protection Authority

In 1995, the EPA was created by means of the Environmental Protection Authority Establishment
Proclamation (Proclamation No. 9/1995). At the same time, an Environmental Protection Council
(EPC) was established, with representatives from most of the federal ministries to supervise the
EPA‟s activities. The Director-General of the EPA was to serve as the Secretary to the Council
and the EPA took on the duties previously assigned to the Ministry of

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Natural Resources Development and Environmental Protection (MoNREP). The mandate and
duties of the EPA were subsequently clarified in the Establishment of Environmental Protection
Organs Proclamation (Proclamation No. 295/2002).
EPA is the key national level environmental agency, with a mandate to address environmental
issues. The environmental legislation gives the EPA powers to fulfill its role, support all federal
agencies in establishing environmental units, and develop skills in strategic environmental
analysis of policies and public instruments. The EPA is involved in the development of
environmental policy and legislation, setting environmental quality standards for air, water and
soils, monitoring pollution, establishing EIA procedures and an environmental information
system, and undertaking capacity development in relevant agencies to ensure the integration of
environmental management in policy development and decision making.

2.7.2. Oromia Environment Protection Authority Bureaus

As per the proclamation no. 295/2002, each regional state shall establish an independent regional
environmental agency or designate an existing agency that shall, based on the Ethiopian
environmental policy and conservation strategy and ensuring public participation in the decision
making process, be responsible for: coordinating the formulation, implementation, review and
revision of regional conservation strategies, and Environmental monitoring, protection and
regulation.
The proclamation also states that regional environmental agencies shall ensure the
implementation of federal environmental standards or, as may be appropriate, issue and
implement their own no less stringent standards. Finally, the proclamation states that regional
environmental agencies shall prepare reports on the respective state of the environment and
sustainable development of their respective states and submit them to the FEPA (Federal
Environment Protection Authority). Hence, Nensebo district Environmental Protection Authority
office has a responsibility to control and monitor investment activities that are functional in the
region.
The town administration is the highest organ and is composed of the offices headed by the
cabinet members. All the regulatory activity of environmental and climate change management is
vested on the hands of the authority. The authority has structures in zonal and regional level for
better and coordinated management of environmental and climate change affairs.

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3: PROJECT DESCRIPTION
3.1. Project Description

3.1.1. Project Justification

Nensebo district is very suitable for coffee production due to its favorable climate and fertile soil.
However, absence of processing and manufacturing technology that add value for Ethiopia
agricultural products in general and coffee crop in particular lead to low prices of crop and even
sometimes absence of market for the products. In current situation cost of coffee price is
increasing. Coffee processing industry in this area plays great role in collecting coffee crops and
makes beneficiary the local farmers. Therefore, coffee processing plant can have various
advantages in that create conducive market for the products of local farmer so that they are
encouraged to produce more and more coffee. Thus, it is wise to think of investing in coffee
economic sub-sector of the country as the investment opportunities and development strategies of
Ethiopia are extremely appealing.

Consequently, the conceived project will contribute to the enhancement of the agroindustry
sector of the country which in turn is believed to definitely assist the endeavors of the country's
economic development commitments, in many ways.

3.1.2. Objectives of the Project

The overall aims of factory are

 To generate income (profits);
 To supply quality coffee to local costumers;
 To generate additional employment opportunity among the rural and urban poor;
 Be seen as a model for sustainable development securing' good returns for its business,
delivering positive social impacts within local communities and promoting environmental
conservations
 contribute to national Growth Domestic Product (GDP)
 Contribute revenue to the Government and the Local Authority through payment of
corporate taxes, rates and personal levy.
 To transfer technology in the sector agro-industry.

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3.1.3. Project Utilities

Electric Power
The plant is operated with power of 2 x 400 V and may not exceed the tolerance of 10%. The
network frequency of 50 Hz may only be exceeded of max. +/- 1%. Consumption:
Water
Large amount of water is required in wet coffee processing.

3.1.3. Processing Capacity

The capacity of the machine is 200 to 400 kg per hour

3.2. Wet Processing Process of Coffee Beans

Coffee processed by the wet method is called wet processed or washed coffee. The wet method
requires the use of specific equipment and substantial quantities of water.

In other words, this is a complex processing process with stages: removing the meat surrounding
the coffee beans; fermenting coffee beans; drying to obtain green coffee beans.

Removing the flesh in the coffee berries before it is dried helps to minimize risks compared to
coffee fruit drying (such as further fermentation); resulting in higher-value coffee beans.
Compared to dry processing method; wet processed coffee requires more complicated process
and more stringent technical requirements.

Wet processing of coffee beans includes the following 4 stages:

3.2.1. Sorting and processing coffee fruits
Post-harvest coffee is put into the water tank to remove damaged fruits emerging with other
impurities; such as branches, leaves, mud mixed with ripe fruits …

3.2.2. Remove the flesh (fruit skin)

After washing and sorting, people will remove the flesh of coffee cherries from beans. Particle
removal is performed using a Depulper shelling machine. After that, these beans are transferred
to a clean water tank or water trough so that the meat sticks on the fermented beans and is
removed. The meat of coffee has lots of pectin and sticks to the beans. This fermentation process
will destroy the structure of coffee remains; causing them to be washed away with water. Each
manufacturer usually uses different amounts of water during fermentation.

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3.2.3. Ferment
The fermentation time of coffee will depend on many factors. Especially, the height and the
surrounding temperature. In other words, The higher the temperature, the faster the fermentation
process takes place. However, if left on the wool bean coffee for too long; bad flavors will
penetrate the beans.

In fact, to check if the fermented coffee is reached; some manufacturers use the way to wash
coffee beans between two fingers. If the surface of the particle feels smooth, there is friction and
making a squeaking sound, the process is complete. Others test by plugging a long tree into a
fermenting box. When the tree is upright because it is supported by water containing a lot of
colloidal Pectin; the fermentation is completed.

3.2.4. Clean and dry

After fermentation, coffee is washed to remove impurities on the beans. Then, people bring
coffee beans spread out exposed to the sun. During drying, regularly stir the coffee to dry evenly;
avoiding fermentation and mold.
In the case of lack of sunlight or increased humidity, some manufacturers will use a dryer to dry
the beans; reducing the moisture content of the grain to 11% – 12%. However, the taste of a cup
of sun-dried coffee is better than machine-dried coffee.

Figure 1: Schematic representation of conventional wet coffee processing.

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4: DESCRIPTION OF BASELINE CONDITION

4.1. Baseline Environment

4.1.1. Physical Environment

Nensebo is one of the Aanaas in the Oromia of Ethiopia. Part of the West Arsi Zone, Nensebo is
bordered on the south by the Borena Zone, on the west by the Southern Nations, Nationalities
and Peoples Region, on the northwest by Kokosa, on the north by Dodola, on the northeast by
Adaba, on the east by Bale Zone. Towns in Nensebo include Werka. Hills and mountain ranges
characterize 70% of this woreda; the rest consists of arid lands and plateaus. Perennial rivers
include the Hodem, Kuke, Bedesa, Aebamo and Bohera. A survey of the land in this woreda
shows that 22% is arable or cultivable (11% was in annual crops), 18.5% pasture, 58% forest and
shrubland, and the remaining 1.5% is considered swampy, degraded or otherwise unusable. Teff,
wheat and ensete are important local crops. Coffee is an important cash crop; over 5,000
hectares are planted with it.

Industry in the woreda includes a few small scale industry as well as some retailers and service
providers. Deposits of graphite, nickel, beryllium and marble are present in this woreda, but have
not been commercially developed. There were 12 Farmers Associations with 6,243 members and
10 Farmers Service Cooperatives with 1,367 members. Nensebo has 40 kilometers of rural road,
for an average road density of 23.7 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers. About 4.6% of the
total population has access to drinking water.[

According to the National Metrological Agency (NMA), the study area has dry season from
November to February with low rainfall, low temperature, and low humidity and has wet season
from March to October. The wet season is characterized by high bimodal rainfall, high humidity
and high night and low day temperatures. The maximum and minimum temperatures of the study
area are, 26.83°C and 14.56°C, respectively. Nensebo District is relatively sparsely populated
(total population of 94,051), with the population density of 49 people per km2 Nensebo. District
has a type of moist montane forest (Harenna forest). These are different species of plants,
including Erica arborea, Pouteria adolfi-friederici, Podocarpus falcatus and Polyscias fulva

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4.1.2. Population
The population development of Nensebo as well as related information and services (Wikipedia,
Google, images).
Population Population
N S Census Projection
a t 2007-05-28 2022-07-01
m a
e t
u
s
Nensebo District 114,559 164,264

Nensebo

Population Population
N S Census Projection
a t 2007-05-28 2022-07-01
m a
e t
u
s

164,264 Population [2022] – Projection

1,597 km² Area
102.8/km² Population Density [2022]
2.4% Annual Population Change [2007 → 2022]

Further information about the population structure:

Males, Females 49.5% and 50.5% respectively

Gender (P 2022)
Males 81,358

Females 82,906
Gender Persons
Males 81,358
Females 82,906

Project location and site description

The project is found in Hurobaro Kebele of Nensebo district over an area of 1.2 Ha. The project
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location agro-ecology is conducive for coffee processing industry, since it has the basic
infrastructure facilities. The favorable socio-economic and environmental conditions, a good pool
of raw materials and construction material needs, adequate supply of utilities, good road network,
and many others opportunities will make the project site conducive for normal and better

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operation. The proponent should attach the exact and legal size project lands are to this report.
The land is currently being used for store, water tank, water pump installation, the machine
processing, concrete ponds washing and fermentation, pits for waste accumulation, canals for
effluent discharges, office, toilet, open area for bean sunlight drying, house for guard.

Value ecosystem surrounding the project area

The area surrounding the project is mainly surrounded sparse tree and resident in far. And also
there is a downstream which is local River. Thus, special focus should be given for downstream
in preventing water pollution and bad odor.

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5: IMPACTS IDENTIFICATION, EVALUATION & PROPOSED

MITIGATION MEASURES
An impact is any change to the existing condition of the environment caused by human activity
or an external influence. Impacts may have direct or indirect, long-term or short-term, and
extensive or local effect. Environmental impacts could arise during construction and the
operations phases of the development project.
5.1. Potential Positive Impacts of the Project/Benefits
Employment Opportunity
With the implementation of the project, there will be employment opportunities (Skilled and/or
unskilled) especially for casual workers from the local community. The exact number of the
workers to be hired will depend on the magnitude of the project during operation phases. It is
assumed that mainly the youth, that is more than 20 workers will be engaged in regular bases and
more than 90 workers for seasonal bases will be involved in during the operation phases.
Revenue to Local and National Government
The development will provide revenue both to the local and the national governments through
payment of relevant taxes, rates and other levies after revaluation.
Technology Transfer
The project also aspires to be the model quality clothing garment product manufacturer and
supplier in the country and will help to transfer knowledge, skills and technologies and
encourage other similar business entities. Moreover, implementation of such project up-scales the
fashion industry of the country.

5.2. Negative impacts during Operation and Decommissioning phase

5.2.1. Identification of Environmental Aspects
The environmental aspects of wet coffee processing project can be classified into the following
major environmental aspects: The construction phase of the project involves clearing, land
leveling, transportation of construction materials, and installation of machineries, which these
activists will have adverse impact on:
• Top soils,
• People nearby the area,
• Impact on Air quality

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• Work area accidents and hazard

• Alteration of land use pattern
• Generation of coffee pulp
• Water pollution
• Fuel consumption, and
• Induced development
Table 4 below describes this main environmental aspect and their significance from impact
causing point of view.
Table 4: Operational Phase Environmental Aspects and Significance
Environmental Aspect Significance
Use of raw materials
Impact on quality of air Moderately significant impacts
Impacts on employees; health safety Moderately significant impact
Use of water during processing Highly significant impact
Generation of wastewater Highly significant impact
Generation of coffee pulp Highly significant impact
Generation of dust emission Less significant impact
Generation of offensive odor Less significant impact
Employment safety Highly significant impact
5.2.2. Cause and Effect Analysis
Checklists, matrices (including modified Leopid Matrix) were used to analyze the relation
between those identified environmental aspects and the impact they can induce on the
environment, Apart from this, the consulting firm assessed past experiences, case studies and
employed experts‟ knowledge for the analysis.
The consultants cause and effect analysis indicates that: generation of dust emission will be
highly significant adverse environmental impacts while generation of employment is expected
to be highly significant socio-economic beneficial impacts.
Adverse health hazards on employees, ambient air quality deterioration and generation of
wastewater shall be moderately significant environmental impacts of the processing foods
project. Solid wastes and offensive odors expected from the factory production process will be
less significant impacts.

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5.2.3. Water Pollution

If missed management one of the worst side effect of wet coffee processing is water pollution.
Water contamination is a major issue. The sugars from the coffee cherries end up in the water
and ferment, becoming acetic acid. And where does this acidic wastewater go? In many cases,
straight back into the local waterways. Through something called self-purification, waterways
can handle small levels of pollution. But there is a limit to this, and pollution from coffee mills
tends to exceed it. The main by products from producing and processing coffee are the layers of
coffee cherry, defective beans, and wood from stumped trees (something that is done to
encourage new, better growth).

Recommendations

• Water must be treated as a precious resource, and the value in reusing byproducts must be
acknowledged. Fortunately, through technology, equipment, and entrepreneurialism, it’s
possible to create a much more sustainable coffee industry.
• Preparing of two different ponds to collect the polluted or waste water in the prepared
ponds and control its movement to local water/downstream/ and surface area and, then it
will be treated by chemical in order to minimize bad odor.
• At second place we recommend installation of treatment machine, which is much safer
than first method, but costly. This method recycles the water and mitigates its potential
environmental impacts effectively.
• The project site must be protected from any unforgiving environmental situations that put
their production processes in hazard and harm their lives.
• There must be full provision of protective cloth for those employees working in the
project.
5.2.4. Impact on Air Quality

Impact Origin and Characteristic

Local land degradation due to earth moving operation during the site preparation and land
leveling is may be an area of concern of the project during the construction stage of the project.
As the impact that can arise from the problem is localized, the contribution of the project
construction to air quality degradation is low. However, as the dust storm can have visibility

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impact on site operation and decrease breathing problem because of the suspended particles in
the air, the problem is an important issue that requires consideration.

Mitigation Measures:

This will also be achieved through proper planning of transportation of materials to be

used during construction of the proposed project to ensure that vehicles fills are
increased in order to reduce the number of trips done or the number of vehicles on the
road.

5.2.5. Nuisance Noise

Impact Origin and Characteristic

Construction involves the operation of machinery and movements of vehicles. As a result, some noise
pollution is expected in and close to the project site. However, because of the fact that settlements are
near the project site, the noise impact on the local population needs due care. However, the production
process doesn’t involve the use of explosives and thus does not entail significant noise that affects human
population.

Mitigation measures
• Not spoiling for long duration
• Wearing of hearing protecting devices such as ear plugs, noise muffs (circumaural) or
attenuating helmets or headsets in order to reduce noise levels for occupational workers
• Plant trees around the factory premises,
• Provide employees with protective devices like and mouth masks, hand gloves

• Construction works must comply with relevant health and safety standards pertaining to
noise pollution
• Carrying out noisy construction activities during normal working hours.
5.2.6. Generation of Solid Waste/Coffee Pulp

Solid waste of coffee processing industry is mainly coffee husk. During field visit, it is identified
that the removed and disposed husks through exhaust wood was deposited on open land for
burning which is not allowed legally in in Ethiopian context. The mitigation measures
recommended to be implemented to reduce solid waste generation include the following:
Recommendation option for effective dispose of coffee husk;

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• Proper facilities for washing and bathing should be provided for work force
• All work and living areas must be properly ventilated to prevent respiratory disease
including tuberculosis.

5.2.7. Work Accident

Impact origin and Characteristic

Short duration increase in the traffic in the process of delivering supplies to the construction site
coupled with the concentration of casual labour can potentially increase accident. Moreover,
visibility problem that may be caused by dust storm during clearing and land leveling may
create accident problem in the site operation.
Mitigation Measures
The following proposed measures mitigate the impact:
- Train and equip some of the workers to voluntarily serve as a traffic service person during
the beginning and end of daily work,
- Aware workforce on the safety issues during site operation and on road safety, - Put in
place necessary sign post on site and near the gate.

5.2.8. Employees’ Health Hazard

Employees‟ health hazard is high it protective devices are not provided to them. Inhalation of
contaminated air, absorption of floating particulates in the surrounding air, and ingestion of
pollutants during eating, smoking and drinking are significantly high in foods processing
factory.

Mitigation Measures
- Provide employees with protective devices
- Train employees on safety precautions
5.2.9. Occupational Safety Problems
During operational work, more occupational safety problems will be anticipated that associated
with injuries from the machine and needle

Mitigation Measures

In order to reduce injuries to workers the following mitigation measures recommended:

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 Conduct safety training for workers prior to beginning work. Raising awareness and
educating workers on risks from equipment and ensuring adequate training on the use of
the equipment.
 Provide first-aid in the work places
 Distribute gloves and goggles for the workers who directly involved in garment operation
 Workers must use personal protective equipment and clothing (goggles, gloves, respirators,
dust masks, hard hats, steel-toed and –shanked boots, etc.,) for construction workers and
enforce their use.
 Fencing of the demolition areas to avoid unauthorized access

Table 5: Summary of likely impacts

Positive Impacts Negative Impacts
OPERATIONAL PHASE

 Increased Commercial Viability  Sociocultural Impacts

 Creation of Employment Opportunities  Increased Air Pollution (Particulate emission)
 Increased Access to Goods, Services
and Social Amenities  Generation of Solid waste
 Increased Economic Activities and  Water pollution
Government Revenue  OSH Risks
 Aesthetic Enhancements
 Generation of Noise
 Generation of wastewater
 Fire Risk
DECOMMISSIONING PHASE

 Creation of Employment and  Generation of Noise

Business Opportunities  Generation of Demolition Waste
 Provision of Cheaper Building Materials  OSH Risks
 Environmental Conservation and  Emission of dust Particles (Air Pollutants)
Restoration
 Reusing and recycling of building
materials

Table 6: Environmental Aspect, Potential Impact, Identified risks and mitigation measures
Environmental Potential Impact Identified Risks Mitigation Control Measures
Aspect

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Air quality Air pollution and Dust, other exhaust The factory uses chimney through which the flue gases are
dust emission atmospheric emission emitted for reducing the impact of stack air emission on
environment.
The factory ensures that the chimney is inproper functional
condition at all time.
The factory will plant trees to reduce carbon emission and
thus minimize air pollution
Provision of spraying water to reduce dust emission on the
road

The factory ensures that workers wear masks during working

in dusty area.
Water quality significant impact Disposal of Flow meter needs to be installed at overhead tank
water washing installation of treatment machine
coffee
Soil quality Soil erosion and Leakage of oil from The solid waste generated from the operation of plant are
sedimentation vehicle can cause soil segregated in to biodegradable and recyclable waste
contamination Contamination of soil is reduced by suitable management of
oil and fuel
Noise Noise pollution Noise can generate from Use personal protective equipment (PPE) like ear plug/ ear
vehicle movement and muff and
from the operation of Ensure satisfactory maintenance of relevant equipment
machine Plant trees which is very useful for reducing noise to make
buffer zone.

Waste Coffee husk In appropriate control Disposal of solid sewage waste in own septic. Disseminate to
management farmers they used as fertilizer
disposal
Hazardous contamination of Accidental spillage from Proper inspection and maintenance storage of hazardous
material soil, surface water, fuel and chemical material such as needle, fudge, electric blubs, empty oil etc
handling ground water and storage due to
accident unconscious handling

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6: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN

6.1 Environmental Management Plan
On this section environmental management and monitoring plans for the significant negative
impacts identified on the previous sections has been proposed. Efforts have been made to
associate the impacts identified, mitigation measures proposed and associate costs including
management and monitoring. The principal stakeholders responsible for implementation of the
mitigation measures and monitoring are included in the activity schedule.
The purpose of the environmental management and monitoring plan is to identify actions to
reduce created adverse impacts to acceptable levels or where possible to avoid them altogether.
Environmental planning and management as a concept seeks to improve and protect
environmental quality for both the project site and the neighborhood through segregation of
activities that are environmentally incompatible. Environmental planning and management
integrates land use structure, social systems, regulatory law, environmental awareness and ethics.

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) links the identified impacts and mitigation
measures proposed in the partial environmental and social impact assessment report and
institutional responsibilities for the implementation and monitoring of the recommended
measures. In addition, it provides running environmental cost estimates. The main environmental
management measures to be taken during operation phase are provided in Table 9 below. The
Table provides summaries of the mitigation plan per environmental issue, the implementing as
well as monitoring bodies/organizations.

6.1.1. Waste water Management Plan

According to conducting study, this wet coffee pulping industry will use water from the nearby
river which is serving livestock for drinking whereas peoples use different source of water
(spring water). And we have recognized that this river will contribute a lot for local community
In a different ways. So we recommend that any waste water should not released to downstream
areas and we have to make sure that it`s well protected. This action will be followed every week
by promoter, Environmental protection authority office of the woreda and others concerned
bodies.

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6.1.2. Training and Capacity Building plan

If the environmental management and monitoring programme is to be successfully implemented

it is recommended that a various training be provided. In general, training should be composed of
workshops, in service training, and in-service formal courses. Employee of contractor and
consultants involved in the various activities of the project plant will be required to attend
environmental training-awareness trainings and meetings. The objective of the meeting is to
ensure environmental awareness, knowledge and skills for the implementation of environmental
management plans which should address various topics including: Cleaner production
technology, Environmental laws, regulations, and standards, Prevention and control measures,
Sampling and environmental monitoring guidelines, Air quality management, Solid waste
management, Liquid waste management, Fundamentals of occupational health and safety
procedures, Procedures for dealing with spills, fires and other chemical accidents and
Instructions on the use of protective wearing. Furthermore, it is recommended that the permanent
staff at wet coffee processing that is in charge of coordinating and implementation of the
environmental management plans need some training in this regard.
6.1.2. Local Recruitment Plan

Local Recruitment Plan is to be prepared for both the construction and operations phases, aimed
at maximizing employment opportunities for the PAPs and local communities and to manage
expectations and the potential for influx into the area during the construction and operation phase
of the Project. The Plan is to take into account vulnerable groups such as women, youth and
Project PAPs. The Plan is to include details for job training and capacity building prior to and
during the construction and operation activities. The Plan is to also include procedural guidelines
and a code of conduct concerning employment and workforce in order to encourage appropriate
work ethics and behaviors. This is particularly important where employment opportunities will
be realized by individuals outside of the Project area.

6.1.3. Local Communities Concern Plan

The project company and the contractor should be prepared to respond to the communities,
concerns related Project. A grievance mechanism is proposed to be established to receive and
facilitate resolution of the affected communities‟ concerns. During construction phase, it is
recommended that a community Liaison group be established. Therefore, both the proponent and

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the contractor should assign the responsibility of liaising with local communities and local
authorities to their respective Community Development and Liaison (CDL) Officer. The CDL
will be permanently on site and will provide effective liaison to promote social integration, and
the development of mutually satisfactory solutions to problems affecting local communities.

6.1.4. Grievance mechanism Plan

Stakeholder engagement measures will work pro-actively towards identifying and addressing
issues before they become grievances. However, when grievances are reported they need to be
addressed in a consistent and verifiable manner. The purpose of the Grievance Mechanism is to
implement a formalized process (identification, tracking and redress) to manage project-related
complaints from communities, workers and other stakeholders. A Grievance Mechanism needs to
ensure that stakeholder comments, suggestions and objections are captured and considered. The
Grievance Mechanism is designed to be a transparent process that is gender responsive,
culturally appropriate, and readily accessible to all segments of the stakeholders at no costs and
without retribution.
6.1.5. Health and Safety Plan

To address both occupational and community health and safety risks, a Health and Safety (H&S)
Plan is to be prepared for both the construction and operations phases. It is to include a company
policy, and measures included within are to comply with national laws. Aspects to be covered in
this Plan include:
• Health and safety training for all employees;
• Health and safety training on the use of chemical and hazardous materials;
• Provision of the appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE);
• Traffic management plan and driver training;
• Accident prevention monitoring;
• Training in the use of all equipment;
• Safeguards of environmental pollution of water resources;
• Safeguards in hazardous materials handling and transportation;
• First Aid access and communications; and Emergency Response Procedures.
In addition, health education with regard to communicable diseases is to be undertaken as part of
the induction training for workforce members. This is to include health education on sexually
transmitted diseases (STDs) as well as diseases such as malaria. Provision is to be made for

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education awareness of communicable diseases within the wider community. If possible, this is
to be undertaken in collaboration with NGOs relevant to health care, and the local administration.

6.1.6. Commitment to Workers‟ Rights

The Project needs to ensure its policy and procedural consistency with international standards
related to workers‟ rights. This includes:
• Observing statutory requirements relating to the minimum age for employment of children and
meeting international standards of not employing any persons under the age of 14 for general
work and no persons under the age of 18 for work involving hazardous activity.
• Ensuring acceptable conditions of work including observing national statutory requirements
related to minimum wages and hours of work.
• Meeting international standards related to paying all wages, including bonuses and premium pay
for overtime work, to all employees in a timely fashion and in a manner consistent with ILO
Convention
• Ensuring no workers are charged fees to gain employment on the Project.
• Ensuring rigorous standards for occupational health and safety are in place.
• Having Contractors base employment decisions on principles of non-discrimination and equal
opportunity, in particular fair and equal pay, especially for women carrying out the same work as
men

6.1.7. Project Code of Conduct

It is recommended that the Project establish a Code of Conduct for the labour force. The Code of
Conduct recognizes the provision of resources by the employer and shares responsibilities among
the workers for the use of equipment, procedures, and training. It aims to contribute harmonious
relationship with local communities, to reduce behaviors that could lead to social conflict, and to
prevent further environmental degradation. Typical issues to be addressed would include:
• Proper use of PPE and other work equipment that has been provided;
• Discreet sexual behaviors that take into consideration messages about HIV/AIDs sexually
transmitted diseases;
• Restrictions related to consumption of alcohol and drugs;

• Respect for the local community and its cultural norms in which laborer‟s are working; and
Professional behavior and integrity when dealing with the public

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6.1.8. Reporting and Reviewing

The management measures identified in the ESMP concern actions to be taken in order to
prevent, or mitigate, environmental or social impacts, or to enhance positive impacts. A system
of reporting and auditing of the ESMP commitments is required to assess the degree of success in
terms of implementation of the ESMP. This will apply to proponent of project and the project
Contractor. The expected reports include: Site Environmental Management Plan, and Site
Inspection and Progress Reports.

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Table 7: Environmental Management Plan

Project Expected Significance Mitigation Measures Responsibl Time frame Costs(Eth.

Phase negative impacts e body Birr)
Generation of high • The waste should be stored in separate containers. Project Throughout 140,000
solid waste • Biological treatment; Used as fertilizer and Distribute operation period
to farmers as compost Proponent
• Implement proper solid waste management practice based on
„three R‟s – Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.
• Developing and implementing a waste management plan
• Making available suitable facilities for the collection,
segregation and safe disposal of the wastes
• Proper solid waste management practice based on „three R‟s
Reduce, Reuse and Recycle
Water pollution high • Gray wastewater must be released to septic tank system. Project Throughout 250,000
Then treated and used for drinking vegetation of factory operation period
compound Proponent
Operation • Recycling is also must
• Planting absorbent grass
Phase
• wastewater treatment
• Should be stored in separate continuer not for a long period.
• Threaten the waste water
• Never discharge to the environment
• Apply buffer zone development
• Planting absorbent grass
• plantation: at least 2% of the compound must be planted
o make a buffer zone more attractive and
recreation area
Noise Pollution Low Install efficient machines with low noise emission Project Throughout 10,000
technologies operation period
Absorbing air borne sound with absorbent surfaces or Proponent
vibration damping

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Wearing of hearing protecting devices for workers

Occupational Medium • Conduct safety training for workers prior to beginning work Project Throughout 80,000
• Provide first-aid in the work places operation period
health and Proponent
• Conduct safety training for construction workers prior
Safety to beginning work
• Workers must use personal protective equipment and
clothing (goggles, gloves, respirators, dust masks, hard hats,
steel-toed and –shanked boots
• Providing information, instruction, and training enabling
employees to work without hazards;
• Providing adequate personal protective clothing and quipment

Energy Medium Install energy saving machine Project Throughout 40,000

Consumption Install energy saving fluorescent tubes at all lighting points Proponent operation period
within the class instead of bulbs which consume higher
(Fuel) electric energy

Generation Low Gray wastewater must be released to septic tank Project Throughout 150,000
of system. Then treated and used for drinking vegetation Proponent operation period
wastewater of factory compound
Fire Risk Low Compound should be kept clean and free from fire hazards Project Throughout
and litter Proponent operation period
Install fire control appliances 30,000
Electrical installation be carried out by a competent and
licensed electrician

Decommi Particulate Medium Minimize production of dust and particulate materials at all Project Throughout
ssioning times Proponent Decommissioning 50,000
Matter
Phase Carrying out demolition activities during normal Phase
Emission working hours

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activities will be conducted downwind of human habitats

Generation of High Developing and implementing a waste management plan Project Throughout 150,000
Making available suitable facilities for the collection, Proponent Decommissioning
Solid Waste segregation and safe disposal of the wastes Phase
Proper solid waste management practice based on „three R‟s –
Reduce, Reuse and Recycle
Occupational Medium Conduct safety training for construction workers prior to Project Throughout
Safety issues beginning work Proponent Decommissioning 60,000
Workers must use personal protective equipment and Phase
clothing (goggles, gloves, respirators, dust masks, hard
hats, steel-toed and –shanked boots
Noise Level Medium Construction works must comply with relevant health and Project Throughout 20,000
Management safety standards pertaining to noise pollution Proponent Decommissioning
Carrying out noisy construction activities during normal Phase
working hours
Total Budget For Management plan 980,000

Agreement
Proponent Name West Arsi Zone EPA
Signature Signature
Date Date

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6.2. Environmental Monitoring Plan

Supervision and monitoring are fundamental to the successful implementation of an EMP. The
number of mitigation measures which are recommended above, when implemented will
eliminate or reduce to acceptable levels of the negative environmental impacts of the project. In
order to assess their effectiveness, or to identify further corrective action and to detect any
impacts in the construction as well as operation phase of the project, it is essential that an
environmental monitoring plan is put in place and implemented. Internal environmental
monitoring programs during the operation phases of the project should be majorly the
responsibility of the proponent. He will be responsible for environmental management and
implementation of mitigation measures as well as responding to any adverse impacts because of
the project. Besides, external monitoring in the area will be basically conducted by regulatory
body of City and Woreda environmental protection, land administration and use office.

Environmental monitoring time depends on the nature of environmental parameter. It can be

done regularly or intermittently. Monitoring is often divided into two basic category, compliance
and effects. Compliance monitoring refers to whether agreed measures are being implemented on
time and to adequate standards. Effects monitoring is to assess the impacts of the project on the
receiving social and physical environment, and vice versa: information on these subjects assists
project management to change or improve how things are being done. Methods such as
observation, inspection, discussion, interview counting and or measurement could be used for
monitoring purpose. The monitoring will be site specific or the whole project area, depending
upon the nature and coverage of fore-mentioned parameters.

Besides, since it is not possible to monitor all recommended mitigation measures, monitoring
should be made to those indicators that are most relevant to evaluation of environmental
mitigation measures. So that the following monitoring plans are outlined in order to follow up the
selected impacts and enforce implementation of the environmental management plans.

As part of environmental management plan, reports should be also produced at regular time
interval. Hence, the internal monitoring activity reports should be produced at a regular time
interval throughout the project life. During operation period at least bi annual reports for the
operation phase should be prepared and submitted to the competent authority.

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6.2.1. Compliance Monitoring

The environmental monitoring will be carried out with the help of checklists prepared on the
basis of the mitigation plans provided. These checklists will be filled by the contractor’s
environment specialist on a regular basis, and provided to the concerned body. All
noncompliance recorded in the filled checklists will be followed up for remediation. The
summary of filled checklists, noncompliance and remedial actions will be included in the
progress reports. For effective compliance monitoring, the following shall be assured:
• Adopt remedial action and further mitigation measures if found to be necessary.
• Determine project compliance with regulatory requirements set in this report.
• Identify the extent of environmental impacts predicted in the ESIA.
• Monitoring the performance and effectiveness of environmental management plans
including mitigation measures.
• Periodic maintenance of all operational equipment.
• Train staff and define responsibilities, and knowhow of the whole process.

6.2.2. Implementation Committee and Organization

The committee consists of various bodies that will be participating in the mitigation measures
program of company should be established, which are Nensebo district Administrative
representatives, Nensebo district Environmental Protection Authority Office, Nensebo district
Social and Labor Affairs Office Community representatives, West Arsi zone Environmental
Protection Authority and proponent of wet coffee processing project. Besides, to make the
process effective and efficient the company should set up an Environmental Affair Management
Unit. The Unit will be responsible for implementation process as well as for the sustainability of
the environmental protection program as mentioned in the table below.

6.2.3. Environmental Affair Unit

Monitoring shall be carried out by establishing first an Environmental Affair in-house facility.
Wet coffee processing will ensure that environmentally issues be in compliance with the
Ethiopian standards. There will be an assigned high level professional technical committee for
overseeing all environment and safety responses to ensure the implementation of EMP. An
organizational Environmental Affair Unit will be formed with defined roles, responsibilities, and

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authority to implement the EMP. The section will focus on assessing current environmental
practices, developing an internal audit system, reviewing environmental monitoring reports,
identifying required control measures, initiating public relations campaigns to report, maintaining
a clear environmental policy, and establishing a transparent communication with governmental
and non-governmental agencies concerned in environmental management.

6.2.4. Occupational Health and Safety Unit

The occupational Health and Safety Unit is responsible for ensuring the conducive working
environment for workers health, safety, and emergency issues. Besides, identify and resolve
problems rose from the factory workers in relation to this issue to enhance the productivity of the
factory. The Occupational Health and Safety Unit have the following duties and responsibilities
in the factory.
• Systematically to mitigate or eliminate the occupational injuries and illnesses.
• Establish priorities within the unit to ensure that appropriate corrective actions are
developed and implemented.
• Evaluates the effectiveness of the company program in this regard as per the requirements
outlined by Nensebo district Administration Occupational Safety and Health
Administration bureau.
• Provides technical support to all workers and company management.
• Identifies training needs for employees, supervisors, and managers
• Ensures that all applicable safety standards are addressed by the company
• Evaluates and resolves, as appropriate, employee suggestions and complaints related to
safety and health.

6.2.5. Green Belt Development Plan

The main objective of green belt is to provide a barrier between source of pollution and
surrounding area by filtering the air particulate and interacting with gaseous pollutants before it
reaches to the ground. An ideal green belt always imparts scenic beauty besides providing
roosting/perching place for birds and ground surface for naturally available reptiles, other flora
and fauna species, to make the area more natural and hazard free. From the total land area of 1/2

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hectare, approximately 13.0 % will be utilized for green belt development. The following plan
has been made for implementation of green belt at the project site.
• Regular periodic watering of the plants,
• Maturing,
• Weeding,
• Hoeing will be carried out for minimum 3 years after the plantation work

6.2.6. Checking and Corrective Action

6.2.6.1. Inspection of Environmental Performance and Monitoring

Environmental monitoring of site activities is undertaken through a set of inspection reports and
incidents forms. An Environmental Inspection Reports (EIR) is to be issued to Site Management
when the Environmental Inspector identifies negative impacts, poor environmental practices
and/or breach of the standards and its procedures. This is normally supported by photographic
evidence.

6.2.6.2. Non-Conformance, Corrective and Preventive Action

When procedures are not followed, action is taken to prevent the occurrence of environmental
problems. Non-conformances include breach of environmental legislation and failure to follow
ESMP procedures. The Environmental Inspectors and EMU (Environmental Management Unit)
are to investigate the cause of non-conformance in order to determine appropriate corrective.
actions. Once and corrective actions are complete, the non-conformance is closed and no further
action is required.

6.2.7. Reporting and Communicating

As part of Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan, reports should be also produced at regular
time interval. Hence, the internal monitoring activity reports should be produced at a regular time
interval throughout the project life. During construction period at least one report and annual
reports for the operation phase should be prepared and submitted to the competent authority;
West Arsi Zone Environment Protection Authority office and Nensebo district administration
environmental office as a core environmental regulator will have a role, periodically checking
ESMP implementation during construction and operation phases. Progress reports will be sent by
the project management unit to the competent authority. The following monitoring plan in Table,

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is prepared to monitor the project activity and its intended and unintended impact throughout the
project life time.
Monitoring Indicators

Monitoring Cost of Responsible and Reporting Mitigation/enhancement Bodies Frequency

Measure Liquid and Solid Excavation waste Well protected At the end of Part of operational cost
Waste management pit and clean work every month and environment report
Coffee Parchment
Changing to Proper allocation Monitoring every Part of construction expense organic fertilizers
or utilization of two months or coffee husks quarterly
Human Excretion
Building of toilet
Machine Operation
Fulfillment of Fully protected Monitoring every Part of construction expense facilities
environment and two months or (Helment, boat, seeing dressed quarterly etc..) workers
Health Monitoring every Part of construction expense environment and two months or workers
from air quarterly pollution by Woreda and Zonal Environmental protection authority and health
offices

6.3. Environmental Auditing Schedule

Auditing is a tool which companies use to evaluate and quantify their environmental performance
in order to identify compliance or management system implementation gaps. The scale and
intensity of the audit is dictated by which type of environmental audit a company conducts. An
environmental Audit provides an assessment of the environmental performance of a business or
organization.

The audit reveals details about the activities of a company and its compliance with environmental
regulations. Audit information is presented to the management team and employees. An
environmental audit evaluates and quantifies the environmental performance. It identifies
compliance problems or management system implementation issues.

So that, as per legislations and guidelines the audit must be conducted annually to evaluate the
performance of environmental management plan indented in this document and other issues.

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The budget estimated to conduct this environmental and social performance audit is 100,000 birr

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Table 8: Environmental Monitoring Plan

Project Phase Environmental and Social Indicators/Parameters to be Location/Project Frequency Responsible body Cost Estimate in
Impact Measured/ Monitored Component Birr
Operation Improper disposal of solid Coffee husk At Every month Proponent 25,000
Phase waste the allowance
proje
ct site
Noise Pollution Using Noise meter to ensure the At Every month 25,000
acceptable limit of WHO standard) the Proponent allowance for
proje expert
ct site
Occupational health and Observation/check whether workers At Every month Environmental 25,000
Safety wear protective equipment and clothing the health expert from allowance expert
or not proje Nensebo district
ct site EPA
Energy utilization Monitor energy use during the At the project site Every month EELPA 25,000
operation of the project allowance expert
Fire Risk (Safety Physical observation and emergency tools At Every month fire accident office 30,000
Emergency) the
proje
ct site
Decommissionin Particulate Matter PM10, PM2.5 At Every week Proponent 30,000
g Emission the Allowance
Phase proje
ct site
Generation of Solid Waste Physical observation Solid waste Once in a week Proponent 30,000
storage area and at Allowance
project site
Occupational Safety Issues General Health aspects At project site Every week Environmental 30,000
of workers health expert from
Nensebo district
health office
Noise Level Management Sound Levels (db) At different locations Every week Proponent 30,000
of project site

Total Monitoring Budget 240,000

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7: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION

7.1. Conclusion
The implementation of the proposed industry project will generate very less negative impacts.
The expected negative impact will be mitigated by the proponent and workers themselves, using
well planned implementation process before its impact take place. The positive impacts will also
contribute greatly benefit to local community by creating employment opportunities for skilled
and unskilled people. The positive impacts will also considerable and greatly to the economic
activity within the location providing the community with clear opportunities to improve
livelihoods and food security. The proposed project will contribute to the development of the
country by increasing export of finished/clean coffee products and generate foreign currency
exchange for the country. The positive impacts include the fast contribution to proposed industry
benefits by fast payments. Effluents: the water leaving the processing facilities should be
monitored for potential contaminants.

7.2. Recommendation
The proponent of the proposed project shall be committed to putting in place several measures to
mitigate the negative environmental, safety, health and social impacts associated with the
Development cycle of the wet coffee processing project. It is recommended that in addition to
this commitment, the proponent shall focus on implementing the measures outlined in the EMP
as well as adhering to all relevant national and international environmental, health and safety
standards, policies and regulations that govern establishment and operation of such projects.
It is also recommended that the positive impacts that emanate from such activities shall be
maximized as much as possible. It is expected that these measures will go a long way in ensuring
the best possible environmental compliance and performance standards.

Most of the recommended measures demand efforts of stakeholders. Thus collaboration of

stakeholders is an outmost task that helps to realize the project implementation and achieve its
planned objectives
• Two ponds should be prepared for used water embankment and control the direction its outlet
• The proponents should develop environmental management system at its industry level and
introduce proper environmental management system at its industry level and introduce

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environmental management plan by allocating adequate budget and employing subject matter
specialist
• The promoters of this project; in order to protect the environment, he must have to follow and
apply all the necessary Ethiopia‟s environmental protection policy strategies
• In order to protect erosion and maintain environment; Autochthonous species of plants, such as
Acacia Species, Albizia Schimperiana, Cordial Africana, should be planted in open areas of the
project and its surrounding.
• The company should assist local communities by offering them priority during workers
employment.
• The promoters should be rehabilitate the environment and plant erosion resistant trees
surrounding the project and some part of deforested areas due to land clearing, construction and
others related operations.
• The company should create harmonious relationship with community surrounding site
• The company should carry out regular internal monitoring in order to maintain environmental
and quality production
• Mainstreaming and scaling up best practices so that the local community can benefit from it.
However, the mitigation measures to be taken are needs accepted by the company; all the
concerned bodies should strictly follow up and take measures when necessary.

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REFERENCES

1. Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No. 1/1995.

2. Emanuel Development Association (EDA) (2015).
3. Environmental Assessment Source Book, (Volume I, II, and III). World book Document Number
139, 140, 141, World Bank, 1991.
4. Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) (1997). Environmental Policy of Ethiopia,
5. Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) (2000). Guideline Document: Environment Assessment
and Management. Addis Ababa.
6. Environment Protection Authority (EPA) (2003). State of Environment Report for Ethiopia.
7. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Environmental Pollution Control Proclamation.
Proclamation No. 300/2002, Addis Ababa, 2002.
8. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation for the Establishment of Environmental
Protection Authority. Proclamation No.09/1995 Addis Ababa, 1995.
9. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Environmental Protection Authority: Environmental
Impact Assessment Proclamation. Proclamation No. 299/2002 Addis Ababa, 2002.
10. Proclamation No. 1156/2019. Labor Proclamation
11. Proclamation No. 200/2000. Public Health Proclamation
12. Proclamation No. 513/2007. Solid Waste Management Proclamation
13. The conservation Strategy of Ethiopia: Environmental Protection Authority Addis Ababa,
1996.

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APPENDICES

i. Consultant Company License and Professional License

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Comments of ESIA document on coffee processing projects

On executive summary
 Try to make your executive summary inclusive of all part the documents’ with shortly.
 Why don’t you include all major impacts of the project and its mitigation with its base line
environment?
 What about the project activities that used to predict impacts of the project?
 What about amount of waste especially solid waste generated by project activities?
 What about total cost of environmental management plan of the project to mitigate impacts?

Environmental scoping
 In how much you consider impacts of the project with linkage to ground?
On administrative legal and policy frame work
 Try to include all important legal and policy frame work important to Environments and social
aspect?
On project description

 Describe well the project activities that used to predicate project activities,

 What about the capacity of the project?

On impact identification and mitigation

 What about amount of waste generated and its mitigation?

 What About the technology you proposed for impact mitigation?  What about forest related
impacts of the project?

On EMP and monitoring

 Is it real cost of set as EMP and monitoring?

 What about cost of solid west management?
 Is it the audit cost you set is for one year only?
Attachments

 Site plan of the project site

Commented by Signature
1. Sebsibe Seifu

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