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Water Resources Notes

Water resources are vital for life, agriculture, industry, and recreation, encompassing surface water, groundwater, rainwater, desalinated water, and glacial water. Key challenges include pollution, overuse, climate change, deforestation, and urbanization, while government initiatives aim to promote conservation and sustainable management. Efficient and sustainable management of water resources is essential due to increasing demand and diminishing availability.

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159 views2 pages

Water Resources Notes

Water resources are vital for life, agriculture, industry, and recreation, encompassing surface water, groundwater, rainwater, desalinated water, and glacial water. Key challenges include pollution, overuse, climate change, deforestation, and urbanization, while government initiatives aim to promote conservation and sustainable management. Efficient and sustainable management of water resources is essential due to increasing demand and diminishing availability.

Uploaded by

palak210818
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Water Resources

Introduction

Water is one of the most essential natural resources on Earth. It is vital for all forms of life and plays

a crucial role in agriculture, industry, and domestic usage. Water resources refer to the sources of

water that are useful or potentially useful to humans.

Types of Water Resources

1. Surface Water: Includes rivers, lakes, and reservoirs.

2. Groundwater: Found beneath the Earth's surface in aquifers.

3. Rainwater: Direct precipitation collected and used before it reaches the ground.

4. Desalinated Water: Water obtained from the removal of salts from seawater.

5. Glacial Water: Water from melting glaciers and ice caps.

Importance of Water Resources

1. Agriculture: Essential for irrigation and livestock.

2. Drinking Water: Critical for human survival.

3. Industrial Use: Used in manufacturing, cooling, and processing.

4. Hydroelectricity: Generation of power from flowing water.

5. Recreation: Used for swimming, boating, and fishing.

Conservation of Water

1. Rainwater Harvesting: Collecting and storing rainwater for reuse.

2. Efficient Irrigation: Methods like drip and sprinkler irrigation reduce wastage.

3. Reuse and Recycling: Treating and reusing wastewater.

4. Reducing Pollution: Avoiding dumping of waste in water bodies.

5. Awareness and Education: Teaching people the importance of conserving water.


Major Water Resources in India

1. Rivers: Ganga, Yamuna, Brahmaputra, Godavari, Krishna, etc.

2. Lakes: Wular Lake, Dal Lake, Chilika Lake, Sambhar Lake, etc.

3. Dams: Bhakra Nangal, Hirakud, Sardar Sarovar, Tehri Dam, etc.

4. Groundwater: Extensively used in states like Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh.

Challenges to Water Resources

1. Pollution: Industrial discharge, sewage, and agricultural runoff.

2. Overuse: Excessive withdrawal for agriculture and domestic use.

3. Climate Change: Alters precipitation patterns and increases droughts.

4. Deforestation: Reduces water retention capacity of soil.

5. Urbanization: Reduces natural recharge areas and increases demand.

Government Initiatives

1. Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Campaign for water conservation and rainwater harvesting.

2. Atal Bhujal Yojana: Promotes sustainable groundwater management.

3. Namami Gange: Focuses on cleaning and rejuvenating the Ganga River.

4. National Water Policy: Guidelines for planning and managing water resources.

Conclusion

Water resources are crucial for the survival and development of life and ecosystems. With

increasing demand and shrinking availability, it is essential to use and manage water resources

efficiently and sustainably.

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