1. What is Node.js?

Ans-> Node.js is an open-source JavaScript runtime environment built

on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine.
It allows developers to execute JavaScript code on the server-side,
enabling server-side scripting and the development of scalable network
applications.
2. What are the key features of Node.js?
Some key features of Node.js include:
Asynchronous and event-driven: It uses an event-driven, non-blocking
I/O model, making it efficient and scalable.
Single-threaded: It employs a single-threaded event loop to handle
concurrent requests efficiently.
NPM (Node Package Manager): It provides a vast collection of reusable
packages and modules.
Cross-platform: Node.js is compatible with multiple operating systems.
3. What is NPM?
NPM (Node Package Manager) is the default package manager for
Node.js. It allows developers to easily install, manage, and share
reusable JavaScript packages/modules.
4. How do you install packages in Node.js?
To install packages in Node.js, you can use the npm install command
followed by the package name. For example, npm install express installs
the Express framework
5. Explain the concept of the event loop in Node.js.
The event loop is a key feature of Node.js that allows it to handle
concurrent requests efficiently.With the help of event loop we ensures
that the server can handle multiple requests without getting blocked.
6. What is a callback function in Node.js?
A callback function is a function that is passed as an argument to
another function and is executed later when a specific event occurs. In
Node.js, callbacks are widely used for handling asynchronous
operations, such as reading files or making HTTP requests.
7. What is the purpose of the require function in Node.js?
The require function is used to include modules in Node.js. It allows you
to load built-in odules or external modules installed via NPM into your
application.
8. Explain the concept of middleware in Express.js.
Middleware in Express.js are functions that have access to the request
and response objects (req, res) and the next middleware function in the
application's request-response cycle. Middleware functions can
perform tasks such as logging, authentication, error handling, etc.
9. What is the difference between process.nextTick and setImmediate
in Node.js?
process.nextTick queues a function to be executed on the next iteration
of the event
loop. It has higher priority than other asynchronous operations.
setImmediate queues a function to be executed in the next iteration of
the event loop but with lower priority than process.nextTick.
10. What is the purpose of the fs module in Node.js?
The purpose of the `fs` (File System) module in Node.js is to provide an
interface for working with the file system on the server-side. It allows
developers to perform various file-related operations such as reading
from and writing to files, creating and deleting files and directories,
modifying file permissions, and more. This module enables Node.js
applications to interact with the file system, enabling tasks such as file
manipulation, logging, data storage, and file-based communication.
11. How can you handle errors in Node.js?
In Node.js, errors can be handled using try-catch blocks for
synchronous operations. Asynchronous operations follow the
convention of error-first callbacks or utilize Promises with .catch() or
async/await syntax. Additionally, event emitters can be employed for
error handling in event-driven architectures. Implementing global
error handlers in frameworks like Express.js ensures comprehensive
error management. These approaches ensure robust error handling,
promoting reliability and stability in Node.js applications.
12. What is Express.js?
Express.js is a popular web application framework for Node.js. It
provides a simple and flexible way to build web applications and APIs,
handling routes, middleware, and other web-related functionalities.
13. What is the purpose of the body-parser middleware in Express.js?
The purpose of the body-parser middleware in Express.js is to parse the
body of incoming HTTP requests and make it available under the
`req.body` property. It allows Express.js applications to easily handle
data sent in the request body, such as form data or JSON payloads, by
parsing it into a format that can be accessed and manipulated within
route handlers or middleware functions. This simplifies the process of
extracting data from incoming requests and enables efficient handling
of data in Express.js applications.
14. How do you handle routing in Express.js?
In Express.js, you can define routes using the app.get(), app.post(),
app.put(), app.delete(), and other methods provided by the Express
application. Each route maps to a specific URL and specifies a callback
function that handles the request and generates the response
15. What is the purpose of the dotenv module in Node.js?
The dotenv module in Node.js allows you to load environment variables
from a .env file into the process.env object. It provides an easy way to
manage and access configuration settings for your Node.js application.
16. Explain the concept of Promises in Node.js.
In Node.js, Promises are objects representing the eventual completion
or failure of an asynchronous operation. They are used to handle
asynchronous code in a more structured and manageable way,
compared to traditional callback-based approaches. Promises have
three states: pending, fulfilled, or rejected. They allow chaining of
asynchronous operations, enabling sequential execution and error
handling. Promises simplify the handling of asynchronous code, making
it easier to write, read, and reason about asynchronous operations in
Node.js applications.
17. What are the different states of a Promise in Node.js?
A Promise in Node.js can be in one of three states:
Pending: The initial state of a Promise. It indicates that the
asynchronous operation is still ongoing and has not yet been fulfilled or
rejected.
Fulfilled: The state of a Promise when the asynchronous operation has
completed successfully, and the associated value (result) is available.
Rejected: The state of a Promise when the asynchronous operation has
encountered an error or failure, and the associated reason (error) is
available.
18. How do you handle errors in Promises?
In Promises, you can handle errors using the catch method or by
chaining the catch method after the then method. This allows you to
handle any errors that occur during the asynchronous operation
19. What is the purpose of the async/await feature in Node.js?
The purpose of the async/await feature in Node.js is to simplify
asynchronous code by making it appear synchronous, or "linear," while
preserving its non-blocking nature. It allows developers to write
asynchronous code using a synchronous-like syntax, making it more
readable and easier to understand. Async functions return Promises,
allowing for sequential execution of asynchronous operations with the
`await` keyword, while also enabling error handling using try-catch
blocks. Overall, async/await enhances the readability, maintainability,
and debugging of asynchronous code in Node.js applications.
20. What is the purpose of the process object in Node.js?
The process object in Node.js provides information and control over the
current Node.js process. It allows you to access command-line
arguments, environment variables, exit the process, listen for process
events, and more.
21. What are the differences between setTimeout and setImmediate
in Node.js?
. setTimeout schedules a function to be executed after a specified delay
(in milliseconds). setImmediate schedules a function to be executed in
the next iteration of the event loop, immediately after the I/O callbacks
phase.
22. What is the purpose of the http module in Node.js?
The http module in Node.js provides functionality for creating HTTP
servers and making HTTP requests.
23. What is the purpose of the https module in Node.js?
The https module in Node.js extends the http module and provides
functionality for creating HTTPS servers and making secure HTTPS
requests. It allows you to handle secure HTTP connections using
SSL/TLS certificates.
24. How can you handle concurrent requests in Node.js?
In Node.js, concurrent requests can be handled efficiently due to its
asynchronous and non-blocking nature. By using event-driven
programming, callbacks, promises, or async/await, you can handle
multiple requests concurrently without blocking the execution of other
requests