9th Chemistry (2021-22)

Chapter-1 Matter in our surroundings

Only answers to Questions from page 3,6,9,10 and 12
By- Mrs. Malvika Saxena
Page3
Answer1
Chair - It is matter
Air - It is matter
Love - It is not matter
Smell - It is not matter
Hate - It is not matter
Almonds - It is matter
Thought - It is not matter
Cold - It is not matter
Cold drink - It is matter
Smell of perfume - It is matter : as it contains some volatile particles as
vapours.

Answer2
Particles of hot sizzling food possess large kinetic energy and diffuse in air
rapidly and reach several metres away as compared to particles of cold food ,
as the rate of diffusion is more in hot food particles than the cold food
particles.

Answer3
This shows that the particles of matter have intermolecular spaces between
them and the forces of attraction between liquid particles are not very strong
hence the force applied by diver is enough to overcome these forces of
attraction.

Answer4
The characteristics of particles of matter are:

a. Particles of matter has space between them.

b. Particles of matter are moving continuously.
c. Particles of mater attracts each other.
Page 6
Answer1
The given substances in the increasing order of their densities can be
represented as:
Exhaust from chimney < Air < Cotton < Water < Honey < Chalk < Iron
As gases have lowest densities, liquids have higher densities than gases but
lower than that of solids and solids have highest densities.
Answer2
(a) Characteristics of states of matter:

(b)

Answer3
(a) A gas completely fills the vessel in which it is kept due to high kinetic
energy and least force of attraction between the particles of gas. Thus, the gas
particles move freely in all directions.

(b) A gas exerts pressure on the walls of the container as the particles of gas
move randomly in all directions at high speed hitting each other and also the
walls of the container with a force because of their high kinetic energy. These
collisions of the gas particles with the walls of the container exert pressure on
the walls of the container.
(c) A wooden table should be called a solid because it has a definite shape
and volume. It is very rigid and cannot be compressed i.e., it has the
characteristics of a solid.

(d) We can easily move our hand in air, but to do the same through a solid
block of wood, we need a karate expert because the particles of air have large
intermolecular spaces and least force of attraction between them. Thus, one
can easily move the hand in air and push the particles of air apart. However,
the particles of solid have minimum amount of intermolecular space and
maximum force of attraction between them. Thus, a greater amount of force
is required to move the particles of solid apart. Thus, a much greater force is
required to move hand through a solid block of wood.

Answer4
Though ice is a solid, but it has a cage like structure hence there are large
number of empty spaces between its particles. These spaces are larger as
compared to the spaces present between the particles of water. Hence, the
density of ice is less than that of water. A substance with lower density than
water can float on water. Therefore, ice floats on water.

Page9
Answer1
(a) 300 K = (300 - 273)
= 270 C
(b) 573 K = (573 - 273)
= 3000 C
Remember the relationship:
Temperature in Kelvin = Temperature in C + 273K
Substitute the given value in the equation and then calculate the other
unknown value.
Answer2
a. Water at 2500 C exists in gaseous state.
b. At 1000 C, water exists in liquid state and gaseous state, both. At this
stage, if we keep on supplying heat energy, water can change to
gaseous state completely.
Answer3
During a change of state, the temperature remains constant. This is because all
the heat supplied to increase the temperature is utilised in changing the state
by overcoming the forces of attraction between the particles. This heat is
called the latent heat. Latent heat does not contribute in increasing the
temperature of the substance.
Answer4
By increasing pressure and reducing the temperature, atmospheric gases can
be liquefied.
Page10
Answer1
A desert cooler, on a hot dry day, cools better as the amount of water vapour
present in air is less and heat is more. Thus, water present inside the desert
cooler evaporates continuously as dry and hot condition increases rate of
evaporation. Evaporation causes cooling of the present air inside the cooler.
This cool air is sent in the room by a fan.

Answer2

There are a large number of extremely small pores in an earthen pot through
which the water kept inside the pot keeps on evaporating and takes the heat
energy required for vaporisation from the earthen pot and remaining water.
The earthen pot and water hence loses heat and this makes the water inside
the pot cool.

Answer 3
When we put some acetone or petrol or perfume on our palm, it evaporates.
During evaporation, particles of the liquid absorb energy from the surface of
the palm. As evaporation causes cooling , our palm feels cold when we put
some acetone or petrol or perfume on it.
Answer 4

A liquid has a larger surface area in a saucer than in a cup. Larger is the surface
area more is the evaporation. Thus evaporation is faster in a saucer causing
more cooling than in a cup. For this reason, we are able to sip hot tea or milk
faster from a saucer than a cup.

Answer 5
We should wear cotton clothes and light coloured clothes in summers. We
sweat a lot in summers. Cotton is a good absorber of water. Thus, it absorbs
sweat from our body and exposes the sweat to the atmosphere, making its
evaporation faster. During this evaporation, particles on the surface of the
sweat gain energy from our body surface, making the body cool. Further light
coloured clothes are poorer absorber of heat and would be better for summer.

Back Exercise Page 12

Answer 1
(a) 293 K = (293 - 273)
= 200 C

(b) 470 K = (470 - 273)

= 1970 C

Answer 2

(a) 25°C = (25 + 273) K

= 298 K
(b) 373°C = (373 + 273) K
= 646 K
Answer 3

(a) Naphthalene undergoes sublimation easily i.e., the change of state of

naphthalene from solid to gas without changing into liquid state. Thus,
naphthalene balls keeps on forming vapours which disappear into the air
with time without leaving any solid.

(b) Gaseous particles possess high kinetic energy and move very rapidly in
all directions. When perfume is sprayed, its particles diffuse into the air
at a very fast rate and reach our nostrils. This enables us to smell the
perfume from a distance. It is due to DIFFUSION process.
Answer 4
Sugar is a solid; the forces of attraction between the particles of sugar are
strong.
Water is a liquid; the forces of attraction here are weaker than sugar.
Oxygen is a gas; the forces of attraction are the weakest in gases.
Thus, the increasing order of forces of attraction between the particles of
water, sugar and oxygen is
Oxygen < Water < Sugar

Answer 5
(a)Water at 250 C is present in the liquid state.
(b) At 00 C, water can exist as both solid and liquid.

(c) At 1000 C, water exists as both liquid and gaseous state at 100oC. At this
stage, if we keep on supplying heat energy, water can change to gaseous state.

Answer 6

(a) Because at room temperature , water is a liquid as it shows fluidity, takes

the shape of a container, freezes at 00C and boils at 1000C .
(b) Because iron almirah has a definite shape and volume, shows rigidity and
no fluidity.

Answer 7
Ice at 273 K will absorb heat energy or latent heat from the medium to
overcome the fusion to become water. Hence the cooling effect of ice is more
than the water at same temperature because water does not absorb this extra
heat from the medium.
Answer 8
Steam has more heat energy than boiling water. So, when steam falls on skin
and condenses to produce water it gives out more heat than boiling water at
the same temperature. Therefore, burns produced by steam are more severe
than those produced by boiling water.

Answer 9

A. Fusion/ Melting
B. Vaporisation/Evaporation
C. Condensation
D. Solidification/ Freezing
E. Sublimation
F. Deposition