ae eee eye oe Lat warren es ff esedcbecd puddbuduss Experiment No. 5 Title: To find the steady state outlet temperature of Hot Fluid and Cold Fluid flowing in a Counter current heat exchanger using explicit convergence method Theory: For some systems of equation, it is possible to guess a value of avariable Xguess and then use one of the equations to solve explicitly for a new calculated value of the same variable, X¢qie- Then the calculated value and the original guess are compared, and a new guess is made. The new guess can be simply the calculated value (this is called successive substitution). Convergence may be very slow because of (1) A very slow rate of approach of Xeatc tO Xguess (2) an oscillation of Xeqie back and forth around Xguess- The loop can even diverge Therefore, a convergence factor f can be used to speed up or slow down the rate at which Xpuess is permitted to change from iteration to iteration. @ (Ce rete are 28 [emte = CEnvess) ca] Cooling water 170.5 gpm 80°F e Cooler pict ofl A= R79 Ta 1, U= 120 Bru/h ft? °F 70,000 =" _ 250°F 6,705 Blu/tb,, °FAPiw aw (aid) ww) Procedure: 4 Tyas Using the data 0B We have four equations and four variables: Q, (A7)iw Te given in figure, write the code in C+ to obtain the results using the follow! iterative procedure as 1. Guess a value for the oil outlet temperature THY**(which must be greater than 80°F, for physical reasons) 2. Calculate Q; From Eq. no (iii) Calculate 7-2 from Eq. no (iv) 4, Calculate the LMTD driving force (AT), y from Eq, No (v) 5. Calculate a new heat transfer rate Q, from Eq, no (Wi) poate 6. Substitute the value of Q,into (iii) and calculate a TY 7. Compare Tj," and Ty 8. Reguess Tjj)°"* using Eq. No (i) asExperiment No 6 der Fourth or fate a no- isothermal CSTR using Euler and Objective: 1, Simul, hat mputation time t compare the maximum step size and co! Runge -kutta and Provides 0,196 accuracy, Theory: jmulation of The jacketed Exothermic CSTR provides a good example of the simu! want mea pnolincars ODEs, eri now trite and roidunsqunllibe a Ess Proportional level controller manipulates the liquid leaving the tank, Tr linear function of the volume in the tank 40 — 10(48— Vv) @ A second controller Manipulates the liquid leaving the jacket, in direct proportion to the temperature in the reactor. F, = 40 - 10(48 —V) (i) Constant holdup and perfect mixing are assumed in the cooling jacket. Disturbances in inlet feed flow rate Fy and feed concentration Cyy are step changes at time equal zero. The ODEs describing the system are (iii) (iv) ) (iv)Program for reference: For refe} Process McGraw-Hi Program: In the FORTRAN program Integration, the Nonisotbermal CSTR parameter valves Steadystate values F=0h Faun C44 = 09 tb- moi AA? C, = 0.245 b- mel AM? T= corr T= 3945R F,= 499 Pm T, =SWR Parameter values: «= 708 x 10%? R = 199 Bead mol “R Ag= 29 A= — W000 Bia mol oR C, = 10 Btw/b, “R = 623 bh? TH = ORfh o bbb sbddadias vc, yee} and TIDOT. At each point in time, integration gives valves oe an 1. Then Cy and T are found by dividing VC and VT By V- Refrence Program Code: Nonisotbermal CSTR posiTiON AT TIMP pisTunance IS STEP CHANGE IN FEED COM OM 0.50 TO 0.5! REAL K.KC ati INITIAL CONDITIONS CA=0.24 T=w00 £I=594.59 V=a8, VC=VeCA VleveT PARAMETER VALUES © DISTURBANCE CA0=0.55 WRITE(6,1) 1FORMATC TIME CA T V F TJ FJ) 100 CONTINUE FRRMRACK CONTROLLERS F}=19.9-KC#(600-T) F=40.-10.4(48-V) © REACTION RATE K—7.08E10+ EX P(-30000./(1.99eT)) Q=150.+250.4(T-TI) C EVALUATE ALL DERIVATIVES: VDOT=F0-F VCDOT=FO+CA0-F+CA-VeKeCA VIDOT=FO«TO-FaT+(30000.+V'«K«CA-Q)/{0.75+50.) TIMOTHFI«(TIO-TI)/3.85 +O/240. IF(TIME.LT.TPRINT)GO TO 20 WRITE(6.2)TIME.CA,T,V.F.TI FS2 FORMATOX,7FR.3) TPRIN Vivpo =TPRINT +0.2 “DELTA VC+VCDOT+DELTA VTAVT +} VTDOT+DELTA TJ=TJ4 PIDOT*DELTA TIME= CASVC/V =VTy/V IME+DELTA IP(TIME.LT.4.1)GO TO 100 STOP PND Expected Result: TIME CA oT. Vv 8.000 0.245 600.000 48.000 40.000 594.590 49.900 0.200 Feats F) 0.252 600.370 48.000 40.000 594.822 51.379, 0.410 0.256 601.138 48.000 40.000 595.222 54.453. O80 O.g20 1.010 1.210 1.410 1.610, 1.810 2.010 2.240 2.410 2.610 2.810 .010 3.210 3.410 . 3.610 3.810 4.010 0.257 601.810 0.258 602.267 0.257 802.499, 0.256 602.565 9.256 602.542 0.256 602.490 0.256 602.442 0.256 602.411 0.256 602.397 0.258 602.394 0,256 602.397 0.256 602.401 0.256 602.404 0.256 602.406 0.268 602.407 0.256 602.407 0,256 602.407 0.256 602.407 48.000 40, 48,000 48.000 48.000 48.000 48.000 48.000 48.000 48,000 48.000 48.000 48.000 48.000 48.000 48.000 48.000 48.000 48.000 40.000 595.932 40.000 595.988 40.000 595.839 40.000 595.882 40.000 595.881 40.000 595.882 40.000 595.884 40.000 595.886 40,000 595.887 40.000 595.887 40.000 595.887 40.000 595.887 40.000 595.887 57.139 58.967 59.896, 60.161 60.070 59.859 9.668 59.544 59.488 59.477 59.487 69.503 59.516 59.525 59.529 59.529 59.529 59.529 ee ee Nar ee OO Og FExperiment No. 7 csTR of the gral ate the three "ee isothermal Cstps fee Manipulated concentration fed to the first Put in series (Closed Loop using proportional inte! dback controtter) to fi 4 nd the dynamic changes in the outlet concent atio! reactant fr ©M third CSTR (Assuming first order reaction in all CSTRS) Theory: The equations de. in "S describing the series of three isothermal CSTRs were developed on. dt ~ 7 C40 - Cm) ~ ken @ daz 1 dt ~ 7 Car ~ Caz) — keg (ii) dor 7 (Caz — Cas) ~ kag (iii) The initial conditions are Cay, Cro4o, Casyo)kgmol of component A/m? The forcing function is Cao Assume that at time zero Cao is set at 1.8kgmol of A/m? and held constant. The parameter tis set equal to 2 min and the value if kis 0.5 min. The right-hand sides of the ODEs (i), (ii)and(iii)respectively are the functions f(x,t). Let us call these derivatives CA1DOT, CA2DOT, and CA3DOT, at the nth step in time, (CA1DOT). = 2[(Cr0)»-(Cardnk kEav)n (iv) (CA2DOT). = = (Car) (Caz) nF R(Ca2)n (v) (CA1D0T)q = *[(Caz)n-“(Ca dn K(Ca3)n (vi)Then to step to the next point in time, using Euler integration with a step S76

° > Title: Exp vent No 8B » tle: Simulate the b ler is » Used to control th ‘atch reactor where a proportional F ‘eedback contro he steam and cold fluid flow rate into the jac ket. ° Tent uid flow rate into » > = i] > cam 2 b > tr | Temp. es FF controller ° eee . Water eet % 4 Xs i . outlet cy team v Ws 3 4 v Es ° leet Water > Pov Ss a Ss 1. Consider the Batch reactor in which steam is initially fed into the jacket to heat ~~ up the system to temperature at which the consecutive reactions begin. » The output signal of the temperature controller goes to two split-anged > valves, a steam valve and a water valve. The instrumentation is all pneumatic, 3 so the controller output pressure P, goes from 3 to 15 psig, The valves will be adjusted so that the steam valve is wide open when the controller output psig and is closed at P. = 9 psig. The water valve will be pressure P: is at 15 and wide open at P:=3 psig. The reason for hooking up the closed at P. =0 psig valves in this manner is to have the correct fail-safe action in the event of an instrument air failure. The steam valve take air pressure to open it and atherefore it will fail closed and call this an ‘air-to-open’ (AO) valve. On the other hand, the water takes air pressure to close it and therefore it will fail open. This is ‘air-to-close’ (AC) valve. In case of emergency it is desired to remove the source of heat and go to full cooling. Controller output range(psig) 3 9 15 Steam valve fraction open Xs: 0(Closed) 1 (Open) Water valve fraction open Xy: 1(open) 0{Closed) The equations for the reaction liquid inside the tank and the vessel metal can be described as dc, “dt @ dCy “ae Ca ele (C3) aT ea ay Qu ide smoce ky Cy — pC, k268 Vee, (iii) Qu-h A(T — Tm) (iv) aTy Qu ~ dts Gath ou Car Vis ” ‘The equations for the jacket are different for the three pases of the batch cycle. A. With steam in the jacket(35psia supply pressure steam): v, @ (wi) iis it Ps ~ R(T, + 460) oe (viii) oz oe wo ee hed: oo GSUobbebd de ebb bbd ddd a Crs) P, (a) Q) = —NosAos(Ty ~ Tm) @® % i a Hs -he (x) re) eader press B. During filling with water (20 psié water hi A a (2) vy, Gil) J coral dv, ation wo (xii) aVjTy) SLE = FyoTjo + a (xiv) dt pe Q) = MowAo(Tm — T;) (xv) Fwo = CowXwV20 (avi) When the jacket is full of water: aT, _fwo a ; Fh (Tyo — he ue T)* Giver ey Sr ceriprenure tronsrrmcser 1° ange of $0 10 250°F, SOU out put ig at 50°F to 250° pneumatic pressure signal goes from 3 Pst past 50) (xvii) ie 200 ‘ack controller is used wth its output biased at 7PSIE(¢- its A propotional feedbi output pressure is 7PSIB when is zero error)- eae 7 + K, (Pst — Prr) (xviii) enerator. when the mes from a pneumatic function B Pst cor pstsignal is ramped slowly ts upto 200°F the loss of componenet B The setpoint signal process tempreture 8° downward to prevent too much I poet = 12 - RAMP(¢— f200) (xix)where RAMP=rate of P** change with time , psi/min t = batch time, min t290= time when process tempreture T’ reaches 200°F Algorithm write the algorithm and code in C++ or Matlab Code for obtaining the results. Plot the result in Excel for batch reactor and comment. Use the data in the table given below. Parameters for batch reactor 729.55 min-* ¥, RRP 6567.6 min~! Cy_ 400 gpm/psi?* 15,000 Btuflb- mol Ty 80°F 20,000 Btu/lb- mol A, 56.5.7 = 8746.4°R 2, — 40,000 Btu/lb- mot 15.70 2, ~ $0,000 Btu/lb- mot 0,80 Ib- mol A/ft? C, 1 Buu)b, °F 80°F ve 4a2sn ‘10 psi/psi p50 1b,,/fe? 112 Ib,,/min psi * Cy 0.12 Buf, °F 1000 Btu/h °F fh? Vg 942 400 Btu/h °F ft? Pu $12 Igy? 160 Btu/h °F fh? p, 62.3 Ibi? 56.5 Cc, 1 Btu/lb,, “F 939 Btu/lb, Program for reference: For reference see the following code in Fortran (Source: William L. Luyben, Process Modelling, Simulation and control for Chemical Engineers, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill publishing company) % tt sti sti‘“‘Csi‘—‘s~> ~ ~> ~ ~ ~~» ~2 a) > > > ~ Program: REAL K1,K2,.KC ALPHAT 728.5488 ALPITAQ=fi7 987 C VAPOR PRESSURE CONSTANTS FOR STEAM AVP=-AT444 BVP~ 5.70036 C USE SMALL DELTA DURING STEAM PERIOD DFLTAw.002 Ke=2 TPRINT=1 € INITIAL CONDITIONS CA-O8 Cran rIME=| 1=¥0, TM=80, T2259. Pimsed DENS—18.2PJo144,/(1545.0(TI4460.)) TSET=126 START=! FWO=0, PULL: ty TI FWO WRITE(6,54) BELEN T{UrIMEy CAD COL XS) XW, T. + Qs QM’) 1 STEP IN TIMP © MAIN LOOP Fon EAC 100 KL-=ALPHA 1ePXP( 15000. K2=ALPHA2+EXP(-20000./((T +480. © TRANSMITTER pT =3.+(T-50.)+22./200. © CONTROLLER PCa7-+KCo(PSET PTT) JE(PC.GT.19.) PC=15. 3.) PC=3. J 99e(T 4460.19) 1.99)) 1e(XS GT.) XS IEEXS.L1.0.) X8=0, 1F(XW.GT.1.) XW=t IF(XW.LT.0.) XW = TEST FOR STEAM TF(START.LT 0.) GO TO 20 IF(P1.GE.35.) GO TO 40 WS=EXSe112.°SQRT(AS. PI) GOTO 41 40 WS=0. 41 CONTINUEVY SS DDS PPP A tN trl el ar rt el atl lala eB DERIVATIVES TIDOT=F WO. (R0. T3)/18.63+4Q) /(18.89462.3) TISTI4DELT AsTIDOT 50 CADOTS-K1eCA Gee OT KICA-KascB M=160.056.56(7-TM /60, TDOT= eIeoAsinne eta }/50.-QM /(42.4#50.) TMDOT=(QM-Q3)/(512.«.1260 42) INTEGRATION TIME=TIME+DELTA CA=CA+CADOT*DELTA ° CB+CRDOT*DELTA +TDOT*DELTA M+TMDOT+DELTA IE(T.GT.300.) sTOP IF(T.G IE(T.GY.200.) CAM IF(CAM.GT.0.) PSET=PSET-DELTA+RAMP CB= T. IF(TIME.GT.100.) GO TO 56 IE(TIME.LT.TFLAG) GO TO 100 XW,T.TM,TJ,FWO,QJ,QM .4F6.1.2E10.2) WRITE(6,55)TIME,CA.CB 55 FORMAT(1X,F5.1,2F7.3, TELAG=TFLAG+TPRINT GO TO 100 56 STOP END aResult IME CA CB XS XW T TM TJ FWO QJ am 0.0. 0.800 0.000 1.00 0.00 80.0 80.6 0.0 -O.17E-+06 0,00P-+00 0 0.799 0.001 1.00 0.00 86.3 211.9 265.0 0.0 -0.43E-+05 -0.19E +05 2.0 0.799 0.001 1.00 0.00 96.4 234.2 261.0 0.0 -0.27E+05 -G.21E+05 4.0 0.798 0,002 1.00 0.00 106.7 239.0 260.0 0.0 -0.22E+05 0.208 +05 4.0 0.797 0.003 1.00 0.00 116.7 240.8 262.0 0.0 -0.22E+05 -0.19F +09 5.0. 0.796 0.005 1.00 0.00 126.3 242.6 261.0 0.0 -0.19B-+05 -0.18F +05 6.0 0.794 0,006 1.00 0,00 135.7 243.8 265.0 0.0 .0.21E+05 -0.16F +05 7.0 0.792 0.008 0.97 0.00 144.7 244.9 260.0 0.0 -0.16E-+05 -0.15E+05 — ~~ ws — ~— ~~ “Se 3 8.0 0.780 0.011 0.80 0.00 1 a coke ae os = \ — ~— ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ Sm ¢ ~ 9.0 0.787 0.014 0.62 0.00 162.1 246.7 10.0 0.783 0.017 0.46 0.00 170.6 247. 0.0 -0.12B +05 -0.12B+05 11.0 0.779 0.021 0.29 0.00 178.9 248.0 259.0 0.0 -0.10E+05 -0.105.+05 12.0 0.775 0.026 0.12 0.00 187.3 248.8 259.0 0.0 -0.96E+04 -0.93E +04 13.0 0.769 0.031 0.00 0.04 195.6 243.4 244.0 0.0 -0.54E-+03 0.72 +04 14.0 0.763. 0.037 0.00 0.20 203.2 232.6 212.7 11.9 0.17E+04 -0.44E+04 15.0 0.756 0.044 0.00 0.34 210.4 222.9 203.2 20.1 0.51E+04 -0.20B.4 04 17.0 0.741 0.059 0.00 0,53 219.7 159.1 31.8 0.23E-+05 0.89E+04 19.0 0.724 0.076 0.00 0.59 222.4 132.9 35.3 O.17E+05 0.13E+05 21.0 0.707 0.092 0.00 0,61 223.0 127.1 36.2 0.1SE+05 0.14B+05 29.0 0.691 0.108 0.00 0.61 222.9 125.8 36.2 O.L5E+05 0.15E-+05 25.0 0.675 0.123 0.00 0.60 222.5 125.5 86.5 30.0 O.1GE+05 0.158405 27.0 0.659 0.138 0.00 0.59 221.8 125. § 35.4 O.1SE+08 O.15E-+05 20.0 0644 0.152 0.00 0.58 220.9 125.1 86.7 34.5 0.14F+05 O.14E+05 31.0 0,630 0.166 0.00 0.55 219.6 124.9 86.9 33.2 0.14E+05 0.146405 33.0 0616 0.178 0.00 0.53 218.0 124.7 87.1 31.5 0.14E+05 0.14E 408 35.0 0.603 0.191 0.00 0.49 216.1 124.4 87.5 29.5 O.14E405 0.14F-405 37.0 0.591 0.202 0.00 0.45 214.0 124.1 87.9 27.1 O.14E+05 D.14E+05 3.0 0.570 0.213 0.00 0.41 211.5 123.8 AR.5 24.4 O.13E405 0.138-+05 41.0 0.568 0.223 0.00 0.36 208.9 123.6 89.3 21.4 0.13E-+05 0.138405 43.0 0.558 4.232 0.00 0.30 206.0 123.4 90.4 18.2 0.128405 0.126405 45.0 0.549 0.241 0.00 0.25 203.0 123.5 91.9 14.7 0.12E+05 0.126+05 Q 47.0 0.540 0.249 0.00 0.19 199.9 123.9 94.0 11.2 O.ME+05 0.11E+05 ma 49.0 0.581 0,257 0.00 0.13 196.8 124.9 97.2 7.7 0.10E+05 0.11E+05 N 51.0 0.523 0.264 0.00 0.07 193.9 126.8 101.9 4.4 0.946404 0.10E+05 £30 0.516 0.270 0.00 0.03 191.9 130.2 109.1 1.5 0.80E+04 0.92E +04 aS 55.0 0.509 0.277 0.00 0.00 189.3 135.8 119.6 0.0 0.62B+04 0.81E+04 57.0 0.503 0.2R2 0.00 0.00 188.3 142.5 120.0 0.0 D.51B+04 0.696404 ~ 9:0 0.496 0.288 0.00 0.00 188.1 148.5 137.0 0.0 O.43E+04 0.608404 c 62.0 0.490 0.294 0.00 0.00 188.7 159.9 143.9 0.0 0.3RE+04 0.53E-+04 3 S eww 6 9 re © c ¢ ‘