World History 2 Name:
Social Studies Period: Date:
Guided Reading on “War and Revolution in England” (Chapter 18, Lesson 2, pages 413-415)
INSTRUCTIONS: Please use the textbook (NOT the internet) to answer the questions below:
1. The English Civil War, the conflict that broke out between English monarchs belonging to the Stuart Dynasty and the
English Parliament (legislature) in 1642 AD/CE, had a number of causes. What was the attitude of members of the English
parliament toward King James I’s strong belief in the divine right of kings?
Parliament did not think much of the divine right of kings
2. King James I was a Protestant and the head of the Church of England/Anglican Church. Why did English subjects who
were Puritans (who belonged to a separate branch of Protestantism) disagree with King James I?
The Puritans did not like the kings defense of the Church of England. The Puritans wasnted to remove every
resemblance to Catholicism from their church.
3. How did Parliament’s Petition of Right aim to limit the powers of King Charles I (King James I’ son) in 1628? And how did
Charles I react to this? The petition limited the kings ability to tax, imprison citizens without cause, quarter troops and
institute martial law. At first, Charles accepted the petition, but then ignored it after realizing the limits on his power.
4. There were two opposing sides in the English Civil War. What was the name of the group that supported the king
against the Parliament? And what was the name of the group that supported Parliament against the king?
Supported the king: Cavaliers Supported Parliament: Roundheads
5. What happened to King Charles I after the victory of the New Model Army?
Charles was executed
6. What happened to the English monarchy and the House of Lords (the upper house of Parliament)?
They were both abolished
7. What type or form of government did the Parliament initially establish in England after its victory over the king?
A commonwealth, a type of republic
8. What role did Oliver Cromwell have in the new government?
He was the ruler of the new government
9. Cromwell dispersed or abolished the Parliament when he found it too difficult to work with this government body. What
other type or form of government did Cromwell set up and head after that?
He set up a military dictatorship
10. After Cromwell died, why was the monarchy under the royal house of the Stuarts restored in England, with Charles II
taking the throne? The army restored the monarchy after realizing how unpopular the army had become.
11. The period when the Commonwealth ended and Charles II became King of England was called the Restoration:
a. What powers did the Parliament still have during the Restoration?
The Parliament kept much of the power it had won. Consent to taxation was accepted
b. How did Charles II’s sympathy toward Catholics cause conflict with Parliament? How did Parliament react?
Charles suspended the laws that Parliament had passed against Catholicas and Puritans after the
restoration. In response, Parliament passed a Test Act, that only Anglicans could hold military
and civil offices
12. Charles II converted to Catholicism right before died. After his death, his son James II, a Catholic, became king. What
steps did the new monarch take that caused conflict with parliament?
James named Catholics to high positions in the government, army, navy and universities.
13. The Parliament objected to James II’s policies, but did not engage in open rebellion against him initially. Why not?
He was an old man and his protestan daughters would succeed him.
14. What happened in 1688 that changed the situation?
James had a son which led a possibility of a Catholic monarchy
15. As a result, what did a group of English nobles propose to William of Orange, the husband of James II’s daughter Mary?
For him to invade England
16. What happened when William’s military forces landed in England in 1688?
James sent his army to battle, and later retreated to London. James and his family retreated to France.
17. James II and his family fled to France and never returned to England. What was the name given to the end of his rule
with almost no bloodshed?
The Glorious Revolution
18. Parliament offered William and his wife Mary the throne of England, but they were required to sign the English Bill of
Rights. What ideas were set forth in this document?
The Parliament had right to make laws and levy taxes. Kings are not allowed to oppose or to do without Parliament.
Standing armies could be raised only with Parliament’s consent. The rights of citizens to keep arms and to have a jury
trial.
19. What did the Toleration Act of 1689 do for Puritans, but not for Catholics?
Granted Puritans the right of free public worship.
20. After James II was deposed and William installed by the Parliament, what happened to the theory of the “divine right
of kings”? What was the impact of this change on England’s form of government?
The Parliament proved to be the real authority in the constitution monarchy
7. How did the English Revolution influence political thought? Let’s focus on two men: Thomas Hobbes and John
Locke. Who are they and what were their main ideas?
Thomas Hobbes Main Ideas:
(background, writing, etc)
He was alarmed by revolutionary upheavals in Argued that before organized society, humans
England. were guided not by reason and moral ideas but
Wrote the Leviathan by ruthless struggle for self-preservation
John Locke Main Ideas:
(background, writing, etc)
Viewed the exercise of political power. Argued against absolute rule of one person.
Wrote Two Treatises of Government Believed that before society was organized,
humans lived in a state of equality and freedom
rather than a state of war.
