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METRIC

MIL-DTL-5624V
11 July 2013
SUPERSEDING
MIL-DTL-5624U
05 January 2004

DETAIL SPECIFICATION
TURBINE FUEL, AVIATION,
GRADES JP-4 AND JP-5
This specification is approved for use by all Departments and
Agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. SCOPE

1.1 Scope. This specification covers two grades of aviation turbine fuel NATO F-40 (JP-4)
and NATO F-44 (JP-5) (see 6.1). Synthesized hydrocarbons from new sources require specific
guidance that is outside the scope of MIL-DTL-5624. This guidance is found in ASTM D7566.

1.2 Classification. Aviation turbine fuel will be of the following grades, as specified (see
6.2).
Grade NATO Code No. Description
JP-4 (Inactive for New Design) F-40 Wide cut, gasoline type
JP-5 F-44 High flash point, kerosene type

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

2.1 General. The documents listed in this section are specified in sections 3 and 4 of this
specification. This section does not include documents cited in other sections of this
specification or recommended for additional information or as examples. While every effort has
been made to ensure the completeness of this list, document users are cautioned that they must
meet all specified requirements of documents cited in sections 3 and 4 of this specification,
whether or not they are listed.

Comments, suggestions, or questions on this document should be addressed to: Commander,

Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division, Code 4L8000B120-3, Highway 547, Lakehurst, NJ
08733-5100 or emailed to [email protected]. Since contact information can change, you
may want to verify the currency of this address information using the ASSIST Online database
at https://assist.dla.mil.

AMSC N/A FSC 9130

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2.2 Government documents.

2.2.1 Specifications and standards. The following specifications and standards form a part
of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these
documents are those cited in the solicitation or contract.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARIZATION AGREEMENTS

STANAG 1135 Interchangeability of Fuels, Lubricants, and Associated Products

Used by the Armed Forces of the North Atlantic Treaty Nations

STANAG 3747 Guide Specifications (Minimum Quality Standards) for Aviation

Turbine Fuels (F-24, F-27, F-34, F-35, F-40, and F-44)

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SPECIFICATIONS

MIL-PRF-25017 Inhibitor, Corrosion/Lubricity Improver, Fuel Soluble (NATO

S-1747) (Metric)
MIL-DTL-85470 Inhibitor, Icing, Fuel System, High Flash, NATO Code Number S-
1745 (Metric)

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE STANDARDS

MIL-STD-290 Packaging and Marking of Petroleum and Related Products

QUALIFIED PRODUCTS LIST

QPL-25017 Inhibitor, Corrosion/Lubricity Improver, Fuel Soluble (NATO S-

1747) (Metric)

(Copies of these documents are available online at https://assist.dla.mil/quicksearch/ or from

the Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins Avenue, Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA
19111-5094.)

2.3 Non-Government publications. The following documents form a part of this document
to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are
those cited in the solicitation or contract.

ASTM INTERNATIONAL
ASTM D56 Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
ASTM D86 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
Atmospheric Pressure
ASTM D93 Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed
Cup Tester

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ASTM D129 Standard Test Methods for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General
High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
ASTM D130 Standard Test Method for Corrossiveness to Copper from
Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
ASTM D156 Standard Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products
(Saybolt Chromometer Method)
ASTM D323 Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products
(Reid Method)
ASTM D381 Standard Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet
Evaporation
ASTM D445 Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and
Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
ASTM D976 Standard Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate
Fuels
ASTM D1094 Standard Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviation Fuels
ASTM D1266 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp
Method)
ASTM D1298 Standard Practice for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of
Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer
Method
ASTM D1319 Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum
Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
ASTM D1322 Standard Test Method for Smoke Point of Kerosine and Aviation
Turbine Fuel
ASTM D2276 Standard Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Aviation
Fuel by Line Sampling
ASTM D2386 Standard Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
ASTM D2622 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
ASTM D2624 Standard Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and
Distillate Fuels
ASTM D2887 Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum
Fractions by Gas Chromatography
ASTM D3120 Standard Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcoulometry
ASTM D3227 Standard Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur in Gasoline,
Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels (Potentiometric
Method)
ASTM D3241 Standard Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability of Aviation
Turbine Fuels
ASTM D3242 Standard Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine Fuel

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ASTM D3338 Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion
of Aviation Fuels
ASTM D3343 Standard Test Method for Estimation of Hydrogen Content of
Aviation Fuels
ASTM D3701 Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Aviation Turbine
Fuels by Low Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Spectrometry
ASTM D3828 Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup
Tester
ASTM D3948 Standard Test Method for Determining Water Separation
Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable Separometer
ASTM D4052 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
ASTM D4057 Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
ASTM D4177 Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
ASTM D4294 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and in Petroleum
Products by Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
ASTM D4306 Standard Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests
Affected by Trace Contamination
ASTM D4529 Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion
of Aviation Fuels
ASTM D4737 Standard Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four
Variable Equation
ASTM D4809 Standard Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid
Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method)
ASTM D4952 Standard Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for Active Sulfur
Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)
ASTM D4953 Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and
Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
ASTM D5001 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation
Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator
(BOCLE)
ASTM D5006 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing
Inhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation Fuels
ASTM D5191 Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products
(Mini Method)
ASTM D5452 Standard Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Aviation
Fuels by Laboratory Filtration

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ASTM D5453 Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light
Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,
and Engine Oils by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
ASTM D5972 Standard Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
(Automatic Phase Transition Method)
ASTM D6045 Standard Test Method for Color of Petroleum Products by the
Automatic Tristimulus Method
ASTM D6890 Standard Test Method for Determination of Ignition Delay and
Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils by
Combustion in a Constant Volume Chamber
ASTM D7153 Standard Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
(Automatic Laser Method)
ASTM D7154 Standard Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
(Automatic Fiber Optical Method)
ASTM D7170 Standard Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane
Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils-Fixed Range Injection Period,
Constant Volume Combustion Chamber Method
ASTM D7171 Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Middle Distillate
Petroleum Products by Low-Resolution Pulsed Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance Spectroscopy
ASTM D7224 Standard Test Method for Determining Water Separation
Characteristics of Kerosene - Type Aviation Turbine Fuels
Containing Additives by Portable Separometer
ASTM D7566 Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing
Synthesized Hydrocarbons
ASTM D7777 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
Gravity of Liquid Petroleum by Portable Digital Density Meter
ASTM E29 Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Specifications

(Copies of these documents are available online at www.astm.org or from ASTM

International,100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.)
ENERGY INSTITUTE

IP 540 Determination of the Existant Gum Content of Aviation Turbine

Fuel - Jet Evaporation Method
IP 564 Determination of the Level of Cleanliness of Aviation Turbine Fuel
-- Laboratory Automatic Particle Counter Method
IP 565 Determination of the Level of Cleanliness of Aviation Turbine Fuel
-- Portable Automatic Particle Counter Method
IP 577 Determination of the Level of Cleanliness of Aviation Turbine Fuel
-- Automatic Particle Counter Method Using Light Extinction

(Copies of these documents are available online at http://www.energyinst.org/ or from the

Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish Street, London, WIG 7AR, UK.)

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2.4 Order of precedence. Unless otherwise noted herein or in the contract, in the event of a
conflict between the text of this document and the references cited herein, the text of this
document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and
regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained.

3. REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Materials. The fuels supplied under this specification shall be refined hydrocarbon
distillate fuel oils, which contain additives in accordance with 3.3. The feedstock from which the
fuel is refined shall be crude oils derived from petroleum, oil sands, oil shale, synthesized
hydrocarbons, or mixtures thereof.

3.1.1 Synthesized Hydrocarbons (applies to Grade JP-5 fuel only). A maximum of 50

volume percent of the finished fuel may consist of Synthesized Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) blend
components derived from Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acid (HEFA) or Fischer Tropsch
(FT) produced SPK. FT-SPK blend components shall conform to the requirements in ASTM
D7566 Annex A1 with the exceptions as noted in Table I of this specification. SPK blend
components derived from HEFA shall conform to requirements in ASTM D7566 Annex A2 with
the exceptions as noted in Table I of this specification. Finished fuel containing synthesized
hydrocarbons shall conform to the properties listed in Tables II and IV. Finished fuel containing
synthesized hydrocarbons shall contain additives in accordance with 3.3 through 3.3.6. The U.S.
Army is currently in the process of qualifying their respective aircraft, ground vehicles, and
equipment to use fuel containing SPK. Fuels containing synthetic blending components shall not
be used in Army aircraft, ground vehicles, and equipment without approval from the following
cognizant activities.

Cognizant activities for the U.S. Army:

U.S. Army Ground: Fuels and Lubricants Technology Team,

RDECOM-TARDEC, RDTA-SIE-ES-FPT-FLT, Building 210,
6501 E. 11 Mile Road, Warren, MI 48397-5000.

U.S. Army Aviation: U.S. Army RDECOM,

Attn: RDMR-AEP, Building 4488,
Room C-211, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898-5000.

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TABLE I. Requirements for Synthesized Paraffinic Kerosene blend components for

JP-5 Fuel – exceptions to ASTM D7566, annexes A1 and A2, Tables A1.1, A1.2,
A2.1, and A2.2 detailed requirements.

Note: Values in this table take precedence over any conflicting values in ASTM D7566.

Property FT-SPK or ASTM Test Method

HEFA-SPK

Flash Point, ° C, min D56, D931/2/, or

60.0
D3828

Density at 15° C D1298 or D40521/

kg/L, min (API max) 0.750 (57.2)
kg/L, max (API min) 0.770 (52.3)

Freezing Point, ° C, max D23861/, D5972,

-46
D7153, or D7154

Derived Cetane Number, D68901/ or D7170

40
min
1/ Referee Test Method.
2/ ASTM D3828 may give results up to 1.7° C below the ASTM D93 results.
ASTM D56 may give results up to 1° C below the ASTM D93 results.

3.2 Finished fuel. Finished fuels shall meet the requirements of this specification. The
requirements of Table IV apply if the finished fuel contains synthesized hydrocarbons.

3.3 Additives. If specified in the contract or purchase order (see 6.2), information
concerning the type and amount of each additive used shall be reported.

3.3.1 Antioxidants. Immediately after processing (i.e., during the rundown into feed/batch
tank) and before the fuel is exposed to the atmosphere, an approved antioxidant shall be added to
all JP-5 fuel; and to JP-4 fuel that contains blending stocks that have been hydrogen treated to
prevent the formation of gums and peroxides after manufacture. JP-4 fuel that does not contain
hydrogen-treated blending stocks may have the antioxidant added. The concentration of
antioxidant to be added shall be as follows:
a. For JP-5 and hydrogen-treated JP-4: Not less than 17.2 mg nor more than 24.0
mg of active ingredient per liter of fuel (6.0 to 8.4 lb/1000 barrels).
b. For JP-4 fuel not hydrogen treated, if added, not more than 24.0 mg of active
ingredient per liter of fuel (8.4 lb/1000 barrels).

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3.3.1.1 Formulations. The following antioxidant formulations are approved:

a. 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol
b. 6-tert-butyl-2,4-dimethylphenol
c. 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol
d. 75 percent min 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol
25 percent max tert-butylphenols and tri-tert-butylphenols
e. 72 percent min 6-tert-butyl-2,4-dimethyphenol
28 percent max tert-butyl-methylphenols and tert-butyl-dimethylphenols
f. 55 percent min 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol and
15 percent min 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol and
30 percent max mixed methyl and dimethyl tert-butylphenols

3.3.2 Metal deactivator. Metal deactivator additive shall not be used in JP-4 or JP-5 unless
specified in the contract or purchase order (see 6.2). A metal deactivator may be used if
approved by the procuring activity and the user. If JP-5 is to be used by the Navy, written
consent for the use of metal deactivator shall also be obtained from NAVAIR 4.4.5 (see 6.7). If
approved, the metal deactivator, N,N’-disalicylidene-1,2-propanediamine, shall be blended into
the fuel. The concentration of active material used on initial batching of the fuel at the refinery
shall not exceed 2.0 mg/L. Cumulative addition of metal deactivator when redoping the fuel shall
not exceed 5.7 mg/L.

3.3.3 Corrosion inhibitor/lubricity improver. A corrosion inhibitor/lubricity improver in

accordance with MIL-PRF-25017 shall be blended into the JP-4 and JP-5. The amount added
shall be equal to or greater than the minimum effective concentration and shall not exceed the
maximum allowable concentration for an approved source as specified on QPL-25017. The
point of injection of the corrosion inhibitor/lubricity improver shall be as specified in the contract
or purchase order (see 6.2).

3.3.4 Fuel system icing inhibitor. A fuel system icing inhibitor in accordance with
MIL-DTL-85470 shall be used. The point of injection of the additive for JP-4 and JP-5 shall
be as specified in the contract or purchase order (see 6.2).

3.3.5 Static dissipater additive. An approved static dissipater additive shall be blended into
JP-4 fuel in sufficient concentration to increase the conductivity of the fuel to within the range
specified in Table II, at the point of injection. The point of injection shall be as specified in the
contract or purchase order (see 6.2). The following static dissipater additive is approved: Stadis®
450 marketed by Innospec Fuel Specialties LLC (formerly Octel Starreon LLC), Newark, DE
19702. Static dissipater additive shall not be used in JP-5 unless written consent has been
obtained from NAVAIR 4.4.5 (see 6.7).

3.3.6 Premixing of additives. Additives shall not be premixed with other additives before
injection into the fuel so as to prevent possible reactions among the concentrated forms of
different additives.

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3.4 Finished fuel chemical and physical property requirements. The chemical and physical
properties of all finished fuels shall meet the requirements specified in Table II when tested in
accordance with the specified test methods.

TABLE II. Chemical and physical property requirements and test methods.

Property GRADE GRADE ASTM or IP Test

JP-4 JP-5 Method
Color, Saybolt Report Report D1561/ or D6045
Total acid number, mg KOH/g, max 0.015 0.015 D3242

Aromatics, vol percent, max D1319

25.0 25.0
Sulfur, Mercaptan, mass percent, max 0.002 0.002 D3227
or
Doctor test Negative Negative D4952
D129, D1266,
Sulfur, total, mass percent, max 0.40 0.20 D2622, D3120,
D42941/ or D5453
Distillation temperature, ° C D861/,2/ or
Initial boiling point Report Report D28873/
10 percent recovered, temp Report 205, max
20 percent recovered, temp 100, min Report
50 percent recovered, temp 125, min Report
90 percent recovered, temp Report Report
End point, max temp 270, max 300, max
Residue, vol %, max (for D86) 1.5 1.5
Loss, vol %, max (for D86) 1.5 1.5
D56, D931/, or
Flash point, ° C, min ------- 60.04/
D3828
Density, at 15° C D1298, D40521/,
kg/L, min (API max) 0.751 (57.0) 0.788 (48.0) or D7777
kg/L, max (API min) 0.802 (45.0) 0.845 (36.0)
Vapor pressure, at 37.8° C (100° F), D323, D4953, or
kPa D51911/,5/
minimum 14 -------
maximum 21 -------

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TABLE II. Chemical and physical property requirements and test methods – Continued.

Property GRADE GRADE ASTM or IP Test

JP-4 JP-5 Method
D23861/, D59726/,
Freezing point, ° C, max -58 -46
D7153, or D7154
Viscosity, at -20° C, max, mm2/s ------- 8.5 D445
D3338, D4529, or
Net Heat of combustion, MJ/kg, min 42.8 42.6
D48091/
Calculated Cetane Index 7 ------- Report D976 or D4737
D37018/or
Hydrogen content, mass percent, min 13.5 13.4
D71711/
Smoke point, mm, min 20.0 19.0 D1322
Copper strip corrosion, 2 hr at
No. 1 No. 1 D130
100° C, max
Thermal stability:
Change in pres. drop, mm of Hg,max 25 25 D32419/
Tube deposit code, less than 310/ 310/
D3811/ or
Existent gum, mg/100 mL, max 7.0 7.0
IP 54011/
D2276 or
Particulate matter, mg/L, max 1.0 1.0
D54521/,12/
12/
Filtration time, minutes, max 10 1513/
Water reaction interface rating, max lb ------- D1094
14/ 14/
Micro Separometer rating, min D3948 or D72241/
Fuel system icing inhibitor D500615/
volume percent min 0.10 0.10
volume percent max 0.15 0.15
Fuel electrical conductivity, pS/m
150 to 60016/ ------ D2624
allowable range
Particulate counting, cumulative
channel counts17/
≥ 4 μm ------ Report IP 564, IP 565, or
≥ 6 μm ------ Report IP 577
≥ 14 μm ------ Report
≥ 21 μm ------ Report
≥ 25 μm ------ Report
≥ 30 μm ------ Report
1/
Referee Test Method.
2/
A condenser temperature of 0 to 5° C shall be used for the distillation of JP-5 fuel. For JP-4,
group 3 test conditions shall be used.

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3/
ASTM D2887 shall be used for JP-5 fuel only. Distillation property criteria are specified in
ASTM D86 scale units. ASTM D2887 results shall be converted to estimated ASTM D86
results by application of the correlation in Appendix X4 of ASTM D2887 for comparison
with the specified property criteria. Distillation residue and loss limits provide control of the
distillation process during the ASTM D86 test method and do not apply to ASTM D2887.
4/
ASTM D3828 may give results up to 1.7° C below the ASTM D93 results. ASTM D56 may
give results up to 1° C below the ASTM D93 results.
5/
When using ASTM D5191 for vapor pressure determination of JP-4, the quality control
checks, section 10, shall be performed each day using two control samples as the reference
pure materials. The first control sample shall have a vapor pressure between 7 and 14 kPa
and the second control sample shall have a vapor pressure between 21 and 23 kPa.
6/
For JP-4, ASTM D5972 may produce a higher freezing point result than that determined by
ASTM D2386. In case of dispute, ASTM D2386 shall be the referee test method.
7/
Mid-boiling temperatures may be obtained by either ASTM D86 or ASTM D2887 to perform
the Cetane Index calculation. If ASTM D86 values are used, they shall be corrected to
standard barometric pressure.
8/
ASTM D3343, ASTM D3701, or ASTM D7171 may be used to measure hydrogen content of
JP-4, but when measuring hydrogen content of JP-5, only ASTM D3701 and ASTM D7171
shall be used.
9/
See 4.3.2.1 for ASTM D3241 test conditions and procedures.
10/
If the visual rating of the heater tube shows peacock (P) or Abnormal (A) type deposits, the
fuel sample is not acceptable.
11/
The preferred vaporizing medium for aviation turbine fuel is steam, however, the existent
gum test IP 540 may be performed using air as the vaporizing medium. If air is used instead
of steam, it shall be recorded. In case of a failure with air, the sample shall be retested using
steam. Test Method ASTM D381, using steam jet operating conditions, shall be the referee
test method.
12/
A minimum sample size of 3.785 liters (1 gallon) shall be filtered. Filtration time shall be
determined in accordance with the procedure in Appendix A of this specification. The
procedure in Appendix A may also be used for the determination of particulate matter as an
alternate to ASTM D2276 or ASTM D5452.
13/
The flow reducer ring of Appendix A of this specification, A.3.c, is not required for JP-5.
14/
The minimum microseparometer rating using a Micro-Separometer (MSEP) shall be as
specified in Table III.
TABLE III. Micro-separometer rating.
MSEP Rating,
Product Additives*
min
Antioxidant (AO)*,
JP-4 and JP-5 90
Metal Deactivator (MDA)*
AO*, MDA*, and Fuel System
JP-4 and JP-5 85
Icing Inhibitor (FSII)
AO*, MDA*, and Corrosion
JP-4 and JP-5 80
Inhibitor/Lubricity Improver (CI/LI)
AO*, MDA*, CI/LI, and FSII
JP-4 and JP-5 70

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*Even though the presence or absence does not change these limits, samples submitted for
specification conformance testing shall contain the same additives present in the refinery
batch. Regardless of which minimum the refiner elects to meet, the refiner shall report the
MSEP rating on a laboratory hand blend of the fuel with all additives required by the
specification.
15/
For refractometers with dual scales, the DiEGME scale shall be used.
16/
The conductivity shall be in the range of 150 to 600 pS/m at ambient fuel temperature or
29.4° C, whichever is lower.
17/
To assist in the data collection process, the results should be reported to NAVAIR 4.4.5.1,
[email protected], or NAVAIRSYSCOM, AIR 4.4.5.1, BLDG 2360, PSEF, 22229
Elmer Road, Patuxent River, MD 20670-1534.

3.5 Additional requirements for finished fuels containing synthesized hydrocarbons (JP-5
only). Finished fuels containing synthesized hydrocarbons shall meet the additional
requirements specified in Table IV, when tested in accordance with the specified test methods.

TABLE IV. Additional requirements of JP-5 containing synthesized hydrocarbons.

Property JP-5 ASTM Test Method

Aromatics, vol %, min 8.0 D1319

Distillation D861/ or D28872/

T50-T10, ° C, min 15
T90-T10, ° C, min 40

Lubricity, mm, max 0.85 D5001

1/
Referee Test Method
2/
ASTM D2887 results shall be converted to estimated ASTM D86 results by application of
the correlation in Appendix X4 of ASTM D2887 for comparison with the specified property
criteria.

3.6 Workmanship. At the time of Government acceptance, the finished fuel shall be clear
and bright and visually free from undissolved water, sediment, or suspended matter. In case of
dispute, the fuel shall be clear and bright at 21° C and shall contain no more than 1.0 mg/L of
particulate matter.

4. VERIFICATION

4.1 Conformance inspection. Conformance inspection shall consist of all examinations,

inspections and tests of this specification.

4.1.1 Inspection lot. For conformance inspection, individual lots shall be examined,
inspected, and tested as specified herein to ensure individual lots meet all the requirements
specified in section 3.

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4.1.2 Sampling plans.

4.1.2.1 Sampling for conformance inspection. Each bulk or packaged lot (see 6.6) of
material shall be sampled in accordance with ASTM D4057 and ASTM D4177 or both, except
where individual test procedures contain specific sampling instructions.

4.1.2.1.1 Sample containers. Examine the sample container for conformance to ASTM
D4306 recommended sample containers (see 6.5).

4.1.2.2 Sampling for examination of filled containers for delivery. A random sample of
filled containers shall be selected from each lot. The samples shall be examined in accordance
with 4.3.1.3.

4.2 Inspection conditions. The finished fuel shall meet the limiting values in Table II using
the specified test methods. If the finished fuel contains synthesized hydrocarbons, the finished
fuel shall also meet the limiting values in Table IV using the specified test methods. .

4.3 Methods of inspection.

4.3.1 Examination of product.

4.3.1.1 Visual inspection. Samples selected in accordance with 4.1.1 shall be visually
examined for compliance with 3.6.

4.3.1.2 Examination of empty containers. Prior to filling, each empty unit container shall be
visually inspected for cleanliness and prepared for proper usage in accordance with ASTM
D4057.

4.3.1.3 Examination of filled containers. Samples taken as specified in 4.1.2 shall be

examined for conformance to MIL-STD-290 with regard to fill, closure, sealing, leakage,
packaging, packing, and markings.

4.3.2 Chemical and physical tests. Tests to determine conformance to chemical and physical
requirements shall be conducted in accordance with Table II for all finished fuels. For finished
fuels containing synthesized hydrocarbons, tests shall also be conducted in accordance with
Table IV. Requirements contained in Table II and IV are not subject to corrections for test
tolerances. If multiple determinations are made, results falling within any specified repeatability
and reproducibility tolerances shall be averaged to determine conformance to Table II and IV.
The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: For purposes of determining
conformance with this specification, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded "to
the nearest unit" in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in
accordance with the rounding method of ASTM E29.

4.3.2.1 Thermal stability. The thermal stability test shall be conducted using ASTM D3241.
The heater tube shall be rated visually (see Annex A1 of ASTM D3241).

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4.3.2.1.1 Test conditions.

a. Minimum heater tube temperature at maximum point: 260 C
b. Fuel system pressure: 3.45 MPa (500 psig)
c. Fuel flow rate: 3.0 mL/minute
d. Test duration: 150 minutes

4.3.2.1.2 ASTM D3241 procedure.

a. Record the differential pressure in mm Hg at 150 minutes, or time to differential
pressure of 25 mm Hg, whichever comes first.
b. Record the heater tube deposit code rating at the end of the test.

5. PACKAGING

5.1 Packaging. For acquisition purposes, the packaging requirements shall be as specified in
the contract or order (see 6.2). When packaging of materiel is to be performed by DoD or in-
house contractor personnel, these personnel need to contact the responsible packaging activity to
ascertain requisite packaging requirements. Packaging requirements are maintained by the
Inventory Control Point’s packaging activity within the Military Department or Defense Agency,
or within the military service’s system commands. Packaging data retrieval is available from the
managing Military Department’s or Defense Agency’s automated packaging files, CD-ROM
products, or by contacting the responsible packaging activity.

6. NOTES

(This section contains information of a general or explanatory nature that may be helpful, but is
not mandatory.)

6.1 Intended use. The JP-4 and JP-5 fuels covered by this specification are intended for use
in aircraft turbine engines. These fuels require military unique additives that are necessary in
military weapon systems. This requirement is unique to military aircraft, engine designs, and
missions. Additionally, JP-5 is a military-unique fuel because it is required to have a
substantially higher flash point than commercial aviation turbine fuels for shipboard safety. It is
stored in large quantities on aircraft carriers and other vessels. The flash point is for safety in
these military unique applications.

6.2 Acquisition requirements. Acquisition documents should specify the following:

a. Title, number, and date of this specification
b. Grade of fuel required (see 1.2)
c. Information concerning the type and amount of each additive used (see 3.3)
d. Location and injection method of the corrosion inhibitor/lubricity improver (see 3.3.3)
e. Location and injection method of the fuel system icing inhibitor (see 3.3.4)
f Location and injection method of the static dissipater additive for JP-4 only (see 3.3.5)
g. Quantity required and size containers desired

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h. Level of packaging and packing required (see 5.1)

6.3 Conversion of metric units. Units of measure have been converted to the International
System of Units (SI) (Metric) in accordance with ASTM SI 10. If test results are obtained in
units other than Metric or there is a requirement to report dual units, ASTM SI 10 should be used
to convert the units.

6.4 Material Safety Data Sheets. Contracting officers will identify those activities requiring
copies of completed Material Safety Data Sheets prepared in accordance with FED-STD-313.
The pertinent Government mailing addresses for submission of data are listed in FED-STD-313.
During transition to Globally Harmonized System (GHS) safety data sheets, refer to OSHA
guidance.

6.5 Sample containers. A number of jet fuel properties are very sensitive to trace
contamination from sample containers.

6.6 Definitions.

6.6.1 Bulk lot. A bulk lot consists of an indefinite quantity of a homogeneous mixture of
material offered for acceptance in a single isolated container or manufactured in a single plant
run through the same processing equipment, with no change in ingredient material.

6.6.2 Packaged lot. A packaged lot consists of an indefinite number of 208-liter (55-gallon)
drums or smaller unit packages of identical size and type, offered for acceptance, and filled from
the isolated tank containing a homogeneous mixture of material, or filled with a homogeneous
mixture of material run through the same processing equipment, with no change in ingredient
material.

6.6.3 Homogeneous product. A homogeneous product is defined as a product where

samples taken at various levels of the batch tank are tested for the defining homogeneous
characteristics and all values obtained meet the repeatability precision requirements for that test
method.

6.6.4 Synthesized Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK). Kerosene consisting of n-paraffins, iso-

paraffins and cycloparaffins.

6.6.5 Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) SPKs. Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene
produced by hydroprocessing plant, algal oils or animal fats.

6.6.6 Hydroprocessed or Hydrotreated Renewable Jet (HRJ). Terminology used to identify

HEFA SPKs.

6.6.7 Fischer-Tropsch hydroprocessed synthesized paraffınic kerosine (FT-SPK). SPK

produced from one or more precursors synthesized by Fischer-Tropsch processing.

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6.6.8 Conventional blending component. Blending streams derived from the following
conventional sources: crude oil, petroleum, oil sands, oil shale, or mixtures thereof.

6.6.9 Finished fuel. Final blend of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, with additives,
provided for specification acceptance.

6.7 NAVAIR approval. To obtain written consent contact NAVAIRSYSCOM, AIR 4.4.5.1,
BLDG 2360, PSEF, 22229 Elmer Road, Patuxent River, MD 20670-1534.

6.8 Subject term (key word) listing.

Antioxidants
Corrosion inhibitor
Flash point
Freezing point
Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA)
Hydroprocessed / Hydrotreated Renewable Jet (HRJ)
Hydrocarbon distillate fuel
Hydrogen content
Icing inhibitor
Lubricity improver
Static dissipater additive
Synthesized Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK)

6.9 International standardization agreement implementation. This specification implements

NATO STANAG 1135, and NATO STANAG 3747. When amendment, revision, or cancellation
of this specification is proposed, the preparing activity must coordinate the action with the U.S.
National Point of Contact for the international standardization agreement, as identified in the
ASSIST database at https://assist.dla.mil.

6.10 Changes from previous issue. Marginal notations are not used in this revision to
identify changes with respect to the previous issue due to the extent of the changes.

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APPENDIX A

METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF

FILTRATION TIME AND TOTAL SOLIDS (PARTICULATE)

A.1 SCOPE

A.1.1 Scope. This method describes a procedure to determine singularly or simultaneously

the filterability characteristics and solids contamination of jet fuel. The purpose is to detect and
prevent contaminants in jet fuel, which can plug and cause rupture of ground filtration
equipment, thereby affecting flight reliability/safety of aircraft. This appendix is a mandatory
part of the specification. The information contained herein is intended for compliance.

A.2 METHODS
A.2.1 Summary of method. 3.785 liters (1 gallon) of jet fuel is filtered through a membrane
filter in the laboratory. The time required to filter this volume is measured in minutes and solids
content is determined gravimetrically.

A.3 APPARATUS
a. Membrane filter: White, plain 47 mm diameter, nominal pore size 0.8 micron. The
membrane filter shall conform to the ASTM D5452 requirements.
b. Filtration apparatus: The apparatus, constructed of stainless steel, consists of a funnel
and funnel base with a filter support such that a membrane filter can be securely held between
the sealing surface of the funnel and the funnel base (see ASTM D5452, Figure 1).
c. Flow reducing washer: The flow reducer washer shall only be used with JP-4 fuel. A 47-
mm diameter paper flow reducer ring with dimensions to give a filtering area of 4.8 cm2.
(Millipore Corporation Part No. XX10 04710 or equivalent).
d. Vacuum flask: A minimum of 4 liters.
e. Vacuum system: That develops in excess of 67.5 kPa (20 in. of mercury) vacuum.
f. Oven: Of the static type (without fan assisted circulation) controlling to 90 5° C.
g. Forceps: Flat-bladed with unserrated, nonpointed tips.
h. Dispenser, rinsing solvent (petroleum ether): Containing a 0.45 micron membrane filter
in the delivery line. If the solvent has been pre-filtered using a 0.45 micron filter then an inline
filter is not required.
i. Glass Petri dish: Approximately 125 mm in diameter with removable cover.
j. Analytical balance: Single or double pan, the precision standard deviation of which shall
be 0.07 mg or better.

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APPENDIX A

A.4 PREPARATION

A.4.1 Preparation of apparatus and sample containers. All components of the filtration
apparatus (except the vacuum flask), sample containers, and their caps shall be cleaned as
described in ASTM D5452. All metal parts of the filtration apparatus are to be electrically
bonded and grounded, including the fuel sample container. See ASTM D5452 for other safety
precautions.

A.5 SAMPLING

A.5.1 Sample. Obtain a representative 3.785 liters (1 gallon) sample as directed in

ASTM D5452. When sampling from a flowing stream is not possible, an all-level sample or an
average sample in accordance with ASTM D4057 and/or ASTM D4177 shall be permitted. The
3.785 liter sample container shall be an interior epoxy-coated metal can, a brown glass bottle, or
a clear glass bottle protected by suitable means from exposure to light.

A.6 PROCEDURE

A.6.1 Test procedure.

a. Using forceps, place a new membrane (test) filter in a clean petri dish. Place the petri
dish with the lid slightly ajar in a 90° C ± 5° C oven for 30 minutes. Remove the petri dish from
the oven and place it near the balance with the lid slightly ajar, but still protecting the filter from
airborne contamination, for 30 minutes.
b. Weigh the test filter. A filter weighing in excess of 90 mg shall not be used in the test.
c. Place a flow reducing washer (required only for JP-4 fuel filtration time testing) on top
of the funnel base. Then place a test filter on top of the reducing washer and secure the funnel to
the funnel base.
d. Immediately prior to filtering the fuel, shake the sample to obtain a homogenous mix
and ensure that fuel temperature does not exceed 30° C. Clean the exterior or top portion of the
sample container to ensure no contaminants are introduced. Any free water present in the fuel
sample will invalidate the filtration time results by giving an excessive filtration time rating.
e. With the vacuum off, pour approximately 200 mL of fuel into the funnel.
f. Turn vacuum on and record starting time. Continue filtration of the 3.785 liter sample,
periodically shaking the sample container to maintain a homogenous mix. Record the vacuum
(kPa or inches inches of mercury) 1 minute after start and again immediately prior to completion
of filtration. Throughout filtration, maintain a sufficient quantity of fuel in the funnel so the
membrane filter is always covered.
g. Record the filtration time in minutes expressed to the nearest whole number. If
filtration of the 3.785 liters is not completed within 30 minutes, the test shall be stopped and the
volume of the fuel filtered shall be measured. In these cases, report the filtration time as “greater
than 30 minutes” and the total volume of fuel filtered.
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APPENDIX A

h. Record the vacuum in kPa (in. of mercury) as determined from the average of the two
readings taken in A.6.1.f.
i. After recording the filtration time, shut off the vacuum and rinse the sample container
with approximately 100 mL of filtered petroleum ether and dispense into the filtration funnel.
Turn on the vacuum and filter the 100 mL rinse. Turn off the vacuum and wash the inside of the
funnel with approximately 50 mL of filtered petroleum ether. Turn on the vacuum and filter.
Repeat the funnel rinse with another 50 mL of petroleum ether but allow the rinse to soak the
filter for approximately 30 seconds before turning on the vacuum to filter the rinse. With the
vacuum on, carefully remove the top funnel and rinse the periphery of the membrane filter by
directing a gentle stream of petroleum ether from the solvent dispenser from the edge of the
membrane toward the center, taking care not to wash contaminants off the filter. Maintain
vacuum after final rinse for a few seconds to remove the excess petroleum ether from the filter.
j. Using forceps, carefully remove the test filter from the funnel base and flow reducing
washer (if present) and place in a clean Petri dish. Dry in the oven at 90° ±5° C for 30 minutes
with the cover on the Petri dish slightly ajar. Remove the petri dish from the oven and place it
near the balance with the lid slightly ajar, but still protecting the filter from airborne
contamination, for 30 minutes. If more than one sample is processed, cooling time may have to
be increased. Reweigh the filter.
k. Record the total solids content in mg/liter by using the following formula:

W f
mg/L
. L
l. Should the sample exceed the 30-minute filtration time and a portion of the fuel is not
filtered, the solids content in mg/liter shall be reported as follows: Determine the volume of fuel
filtered by subtracting the mL of fuel remaining from 3785 mL.

W f
mg/L
L f X .

A.7 LIMITS

A.7.1. Filtration time:

(1) The maximum allowable filtration time shall be 10 minutes for grade JP-4 and 15
minutes for grade JP-5.

(2) The vacuum shall exceed 67.5 kPa (20 inches of mercury) throughout the test;
i.e., the differential pressure across the filter should exceed 67.5 kPa (20 inches of mercury).

(3) The fuel temperature shall be between 18° C and 30° C.

A.7.2. Total solids: Maximum allowable particulate matter is 1.0 mg/liter.

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APPENDIX A

A.8 NOTES

A.8.1 If it is desired to determine the filtration time and not the total solids content, perform
the test by omitting weighing steps and A.6.1k calculation.

A.8.2 If it is desired to determine the total solids content and not the filtration time, use of
the insert ring may be omitted. When a reducing ring is not used, then total solids shall be
determined as per ASTM D5452 and the use of a control filter shall be required.

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CONCLUDING MATERIAL

Custodians: Preparing activity:

Army - AT Navy - AS
Navy - AS
Air Force - 68 (Project 9130-2012-001)
DLA - PS

Review activities:
Army - AR, AV
Air Force - 11
Navy – SH

NOTE: The activities listed above were interested in this document as of the date of this
document. Since organizations and responsibilities can change, you should verify the currency of
the information above using the ASSIST Online database at https://assist.dla.mil.

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