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learning_dart_with_code_examples

This document provides an introduction to the Dart programming language, focusing on its use for client-side development and mobile applications with Flutter. It covers basic concepts such as variables, data types, functions, object-oriented programming, collections, asynchronous programming, error handling, and advanced features like generics and extension methods, all illustrated with code examples. The guide aims to help users understand and effectively utilize Dart in their programming endeavors.

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Masilo
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4 views

learning_dart_with_code_examples

This document provides an introduction to the Dart programming language, focusing on its use for client-side development and mobile applications with Flutter. It covers basic concepts such as variables, data types, functions, object-oriented programming, collections, asynchronous programming, error handling, and advanced features like generics and extension methods, all illustrated with code examples. The guide aims to help users understand and effectively utilize Dart in their programming endeavors.

Uploaded by

Masilo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Learning Dart with Code Examples

Introduction to Dart:

- Dart is a programming language designed for client-side development, especially for building

mobile applications with Flutter.

- It is optimized for performance and scalability.

- In this guide, we'll walk through Dart concepts with examples to help you understand how to use

them effectively.

Basic Dart Concepts:

1. Variables and Data Types:

Dart has several data types such as int, double, String, bool, and more.

Example:

```dart

int age = 25;

double height = 5.9;

String name = "John Doe";

bool isStudent = true;

print(name); // Output: John Doe

```

2. Constants and Final Variables:

Use 'final' for runtime constants and 'const' for compile-time constants.

Example:

```dart
final String city = "Cape Town";

const double pi = 3.14159;

print(city); // Output: Cape Town

```

3. Operators:

Dart supports basic arithmetic, relational, and logical operators.

Example:

```dart

int x = 10, y = 5;

print(x + y); // Output: 15

print(x > y); // Output: true

```

4. Control Flow:

Dart supports conditional statements like if, else, and switch.

Example:

```dart

if (age >= 18) {

print("Adult");

} else {

print("Minor");

```

Functions in Dart:
1. Declaring Functions:

Dart allows you to declare functions with or without parameters.

Example:

```dart

void greet(String name) {

print("Hello, $name!");

greet("Alice"); // Output: Hello, Alice!

```

2. Return Types and Function Expressions:

You can also return values from functions.

Example:

```dart

int add(int a, int b) {

return a + b;

print(add(5, 7)); // Output: 12

```

3. Arrow Functions:

Dart supports concise functions using the '=> syntax'.

Example:

```dart

int multiply(int a, int b) => a * b;

print(multiply(4, 6)); // Output: 24

```
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Dart:

1. Creating Classes and Objects:

Dart is object-oriented and allows the creation of classes and objects.

Example:

```dart

class Person {

String name;

int age;

Person(this.name, this.age);

void introduce() {

print("Hi, I'm $name and I'm $age years old.");

var person = Person("Alice", 30);

person.introduce(); // Output: Hi, I'm Alice and I'm 30 years old.

```

2. Inheritance and Overriding:

Dart supports inheritance and method overriding.

Example:

```dart

class Animal {
void speak() {

print("Animal speaks");

class Dog extends Animal {

@override

void speak() {

print("Dog barks");

var dog = Dog();

dog.speak(); // Output: Dog barks

```

Dart Collections:

1. Lists:

Dart provides a List collection to store ordered items.

Example:

```dart

var fruits = ["Apple", "Banana", "Orange"];

fruits.add("Mango");

print(fruits); // Output: [Apple, Banana, Orange, Mango]

```
2. Maps:

Dart supports key-value pairs using Maps.

Example:

```dart

var user = {"name": "Alice", "age": 30};

print(user["name"]); // Output: Alice

```

Asynchronous Programming:

1. Futures and async/await:

Dart allows you to write asynchronous code using Futures, async, and await.

Example:

```dart

Future<String> fetchData() async {

await Future.delayed(Duration(seconds: 2));

return "Data loaded";

void main() async {

var result = await fetchData();

print(result); // Output: Data loaded

```

Error Handling:
1. Try, Catch, Finally:

Dart provides error handling using try-catch-finally blocks.

Example:

```dart

try {

int result = 10 ~/ 0;

} catch (e) {

print("Error: $e"); // Output: Error: IntegerDivisionByZeroException

} finally {

print("Execution completed");

```

Advanced Dart Features:

1. Generics:

Dart supports generics to provide type safety in collections and methods.

Example:

```dart

class Box<T> {

T value;

Box(this.value);

var intBox = Box<int>(100);

print(intBox.value); // Output: 100

```
2. Extension Methods:

Dart allows you to extend classes without modifying their original code.

Example:

```dart

extension StringReversal on String {

String get reversed {

return this.split('').reversed.join('');

var name = "Dart";

print(name.reversed); // Output: traD

```

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