IOT based patient health monitoring system

ABSTRACT

As technology has advanced and sensors have become smaller, there have been efforts to employ
contemporary use innovation to upgrade the nature of human life in a variety of fields.
Healthcare is one of the primary industries where technology has been embraced for research
purposes. Health care services are extremely costly, particularly in developing countries.
Consequently, this endeavor is an effort to solve a modern healthcare concern in the community.
The first phase entailed using a sensor to detect a patient's vitals, the second step involved
uploading information to distributed storage, and the third step involved giving remote access to
the found information. The data may be remotely seen by the guardian. The Internet of Things
(IoT) has been deployed extensively to link available clinical assets and give patients productive
medical care administrations. Health monitoring for active and supported living is one of the
paradigms that may utilize the IoT's advantages to enhance the patient's lifestyle. IoT engineering
redid for medical care applications. The target of the venture was to foster a Health Monitoring
System that could be made using locally available sensors and would be affordable if mass-
produced. Consequently, the proposed architecture collects sensor data through Arduino and
transfers it to the cloud, where it is evaluated for a remote survey and afterward handled.

Introduction

A remote health monitoring system is an extension of a hospital medical system where a patient’s
vital body state can be monitored remotely. Traditionally the detection systems were only found
in hospitals and were characterized by huge and complex circuitry which required high power
consumption. Continuous advances in the semiconductor technology industry have led to sensors
and microcontrollers that are smaller in size, faster in operation, low in power consumption, and
affordable in cost. This has further seen development in the remote monitoring of vital life signs
of patients, especially the elderly. The remote health monitoring system can be applied in the
following scenarios:
1) A patient is prone to heart attacks or may have suffered one before. The vitals may
be monitored to predict and alert in advance of any indication of the body status.

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2) Critical body organ situation.
3) The situation leading to the development of a risky life-threatening condition. This is for
people at an advanced age and maybe having failing health conditions.
4) Athletes during training. To know which training regimes will produce better results.

In this instance, a single parameter is monitored e.g., Electrocardiogram (ECG) reading. From the
ECG or heartbeat detection, several readings can be got depending on the algorithm used. An
ECG reading can give the heart rate and oxygen saturation.
2. multi-parameter monitoring system:
This has multiple parameters being monitored at the same time. An example of such a system can
be found in High Dependency Units (HDU), Intensive Care Units (ICU), during the surgery at a
hospital theatre, or post-surgery recovery units in Hospitals. Several parameters that are
monitored include the ECG, blood pressure, and respiration rate. The Multiparameter monitoring
system proves that a patient is alive or recovering. In developing countries, just after retiring from
their daily career routine majority of the elderly age group, move to the rural areas. In developed
countries, they may move to assisted living group homes. This is where a remote health
monitoring system can come in handy.

Motivation for Study

Checking gear in the medical care industry is currently feasible on account of IoT devices (IoT)-
empowered contraptions, which can keep people solid while moreover allowing clinicians to
give superior treatment. As contact with specialists has gotten simpler and more productive, it
has likewise supported patient investment and fulfillment. Besides, monitoring systems of a
patient's health help to abbreviate medical clinic stays and keep away from re-confirmations. IoT
has a huge influence on bringing down medical care expenses and expanding therapy results. The
Internet of Things (IoT) is undeniably changing the healthcare business by rethinkingthe area of
gadgets furthermore, human contact in the conveyance of healthcare arrangements. Patients,
families, physicians, emergency clinics, and insurance agencies all advantage applications in
medical services.
Objectives

Here the main objective is to design a Remote Patient Health Monitoring System to monitor
various health conditions of the patients. Giving care and health assistance to bedridden patients
at critical stages with advanced medical facilities has become one of the major problems in the
modern hectic world.

Sub objectives are as under:

1) Sensors are utilized.

2) Data has been kept in storage.

3) Alert has been made by analyzing data and remotely accessible through the Things Speak App.

4)
Methodology
In this proposed system, the Arduino microcontroller withESP8266 uses for sending data to the
cloud. The microcontroller is useful to access sensors values and forward it. The pulse sensor
uses to calculate the pulse rate of human being. Usually, blood temperature varies by person,
age, activity, and time of day. The average normal blood heat is 98.6°F(37°C), theoretically.
Some studies have shown that the “normal" blood heat can have a good range, from
97°F(36.1°C) to 99°F (37.2°C). A temperature over 100.4°F (38°C) most frequently means
you've got a fever caused by an infection or disease. A humidity sensor is used to detect the
humidity of the environment which is very much useful for individuals suffering from Asthma.
To detect movement or motion of any part of the body. All sensors are connected to the Arduino
microcontroller, and the sensed data is transferred to the internet through ESP8266. The cloud
“Thing Speak” accept values and will generate a graph as per values received meanwhile the data
also transfer toto web servers. Web Portal uses here to access data of patients through remote
places. And if any of the readings get more than the threshold value then the buzzer the global
system for mobile communication is used to send alert messages to the authorized Contact
number. And a separate ECG module is used for obtaining an ECG graph as shown in figure 1.
FIGURE 1: BLOCK DIAGRAM

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3.1 Component Used
The proposed system consists of the following sensors and modules
1) Arduino UNO Microcontroller
2) Temperature sensor (LM 35)
3) Pulse sensor
4) Humidity sensor (DTH 11)
5) Buzzer
6) Wi-Fi ESP 8266
7) female to female Jumper wire
8) LCD Screen