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Projectile-Motion

The document provides a comprehensive overview of projectile motion, detailing the components of initial velocity, horizontal and vertical displacements, and the equations governing projectile trajectories. It includes examples and solutions for various projectile motion problems, illustrating how to calculate distances, heights, and times based on initial velocities and angles of release. Key concepts such as maximum height, range, and the effects of gravitational acceleration are also discussed.

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juntadovlad
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2 views5 pages

Projectile-Motion

The document provides a comprehensive overview of projectile motion, detailing the components of initial velocity, horizontal and vertical displacements, and the equations governing projectile trajectories. It includes examples and solutions for various projectile motion problems, illustrating how to calculate distances, heights, and times based on initial velocities and angles of release. Key concepts such as maximum height, range, and the effects of gravitational acceleration are also discussed.

Uploaded by

juntadovlad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Projectile Motion Ɵ=0

V
Vy
t Ɵ’

Vx

H
Vo y

Voy
Ɵ Vox

R
Where:
Vo = initial velocity directed at angle Ɵ with the horizontal (x-axis)
Vox = horizontal component of initial velocity
Voy = vertical component of initial velocity
Vx = horizontal components
Vy = vertical components
x = horizontal distance travelled
y = vertical distance travelled

Projectile – object fired or thrown.


Trajectory – path of the projectile (parabolic path).

Components of initial velocity, Vo

𝑉𝑜𝑥 = 𝑉𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑉𝑜𝑦 = 𝑉𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

For Horizontal Displacement:

𝑥 = 𝑉𝑥 𝑡
𝑥 = (𝑉𝑜𝑥 )𝑡
𝑥 = (𝑉𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)𝑡
𝑉𝑜2𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃
𝑅 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 𝑔
For Vertical Displacement/Vertical Motion of Projectile
- Similar to the motion of free falling bodies.
- Motion under uniform acceleration w/ a = -g (considering that upward velocity is +)

𝑉𝑦 − 𝑉𝑜𝑦 = −𝑔𝑡
Where: Voy = VosinƟ

The vertical distance at a certain time t:


1
𝑦 = 𝑉𝑜𝑦 𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡 2 = 𝑉𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑡 − 1/2𝑔𝑡 2
2
Vy = final velocity along vertical = 𝑉𝑜𝑦 − 𝑔𝑡 = 𝑉𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝑔𝑡
2
𝑉𝑦 = √𝑉𝑜𝑦 − 2𝑔𝑦 = √(𝑉𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)2 − 2𝑔𝑦

𝑉 = 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = √(𝑉𝑦)2 + (𝑉𝑥)2


𝑉𝑜2 sin2 𝜃
H = maximum height =
2𝑔

Note: y is + if the location of projectile is above the reference point.


Y is – if the location of projectile is below the reference point.
g = gravitational acceleration
g = 32.2 ft/sec2, 9.806 m/sec2
- at maximum point the value of Ɵ = 0

Angle with the horizontal at a certain time t:

𝑉𝑦 𝑉𝑦
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 ′ = 𝜃 ′ = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛
𝑉𝑥 𝑉𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑉𝑦
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 ′ =
𝑉𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
Example:

1. In a gymnasium with a ceiling 30 ft high, a player throws a ball towards a wall 80 ft away. If
he releases the ball 5 ft above the floor with initial velocity V0 of 55 ft/sec, determine the
point at which the ball will strikes the wall if the angle of release, is 45.8 deg.

Solution:

x = Vo cosƟ
80 = 55 (cos45.80)(t)
t = 2.086 sec

y = Vo sinƟ t – ½ g t2
y = 55 sin 45.80 (2.086)-1/2(32.2)(2.086)2
y = 12. 194 ft

H = y+5 =12.194 + 5 = 17.194 ft


2. A projectile is fired with an initial velocity of V0 ft per sec upward at an angle of Ɵ0 with the
horizontal. Find the horizontal distance covered before the projectile returns to its original
level. Also determine the maximum height attained by the projectile.

Solution:
𝑉𝑦2 − 𝑉𝑜𝑦
2
𝑦 𝑜𝑟 𝐻 =
2𝑔
But: Vy =0 at maximum position
H
2
V
𝑉𝑜𝑦
𝐻=
2𝑔 Voy
(𝑉𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) 2 Ɵ Vox
𝐻= 2𝑔
𝑽𝟐𝒐 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝜽
𝑯=
𝟐𝒈

Let: t = time to reach the maximum height R


Vy – Voy = - gt
𝑉𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑡=
𝑔
𝑥 = 𝑉𝑜𝑥(𝑡)
2𝑉𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑥 = (𝑉𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) ( )
𝑔
𝑉𝑜2 (2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)
𝑥=
𝑔
But: from trigonometry, 2 sinƟcosƟ = sin2Ɵ
𝑽𝟐𝒐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝜽
𝒙=
𝒈

3. A projectile is launched upward from level ground at an angle of 600 with the horizontal. It has an
initial velocity of 45 m/s. how long will it take before the projectile hits the ground?

Solution:

y = (Vo sinƟ)t – ½ g t2
when it hits the ground, y = 0
0 = (45 sin600)t – ½ (9.81) t2
45 sin600 t = ½ (9.81) t2
t = 7.94 sec
Module (ES 211b) Name: ____________________________________________
Plate No. Program/Year: ____________Date Submitted: ___________

Solve the following problems:


𝑐𝑢𝑡 ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒

1. A stone is thrown from a hill at an angle of 600 to the horizontal with an initial velocity of
100 ft per sec. After hitting level ground at the base of the hill, the stone has covered a
horizontal distance of 500 ft. how high is the hill?

2. A shell leaves a mortar with a muzzle velocity of 500 ft per sec directed upward at 600 with
the horizontal. Determine the position of the shell and its resultant velocity 20 sec after
hiring. How high will it rise?

3. A projectile shot at an angle of 600 above the horizontal ground and strikes a building 30 m
away at a point 15 m above the point of projection. Find the velocity of projectile when it
strikes the building.
4. The car shown in figure is just to clear the water-filled gap. Find the take-off velocity Vo.

5. A ball is thrown so that it just clears a 10 ft fence 60 ft away. If it left the hand 5 ft above the
ground and at angle of 600 to the horizontal, what was the initial velocity of the ball?

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