Year 2004
VCE
Specialist Mathematics
Trial Examination 2
Suggested Solutions
Kilbaha Pty Ltd 2004
Kilbaha Multimedia Publishing ABN 47 065 111 373
PO Box 2227
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Australia
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Fax: 03 9817 4334
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Kilbaha Multimedia Publishing 2004
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Kilbaha Multimedia Publishing 2004
2004 Specialist Mathematics Trial Examination 2 Page 1
Suggested Solutions
Question 1
i. differentiating using the Product Rule
d
dx
[ ]
x Cos−1 ( x ) = Cos−1 ( x ) + x ( Cos−1 ( x ) ) = Cos−1 ( x ) −
d
dx
x
1− x2
x
so ∫ Cos-1 ( x ) − dx = x Cos-1 ( x )
2
1− x
x
∫ Cos
−1
( x )dx = x Cos −1 ( x ) + ∫ dx
1 − x2
x du
Now consider ∫ 1− x2
dx let u = 1 − x 2 so that
dx
= −2 x
x 1 −1 1
∫ 1− x2
dx = −
2 ∫ u 2
du = − u 2 = − 1 − x 2
∫ Cos ( x ) dx = x Cos ( x ) −
−1 −1
so 1− x2 as required.
ii.
Kilbaha Multimedia Publishing 2004
2004 Specialist Mathematics Trial Examination 2 Page 2
Suggested Solutions
4x2 4x2
we require that ≤ 1 or 0 ≤ ≤1
9 9
9 3 3
0 ≤ x2 ≤ 0≤ x≤ so b =
4 2 2
iii. max (1.033 , 4.449) so the height is 4.449 m
dy dy
iv. = −2 = 0.472
dt dx x =1
dx dx dy 2
= . =−
dt dy dt 0.472
= −4.239 m / s
4x2 3 b− a 1
v. f ( x ) = 4 x Cos−1 a= 0 b= n= 3 h= =
9 2 n 2
1 3 5
x
4 4 4
1 1 25
Cos−1 3 Cos−1 5 Cos−1
f ( x) 36 4 36
1 −1 1 −1 1 −1 25
M= Cos + 3 Cos + 5 Cos = 4.757
2 36 4 36
Kilbaha Multimedia Publishing 2004
2004 Specialist Mathematics Trial Examination 2 Page 3
Suggested Solutions
3
4 x2 4x2 du 8 x 9
vi. A= ∫
0
2
4 xCos −1
9
dx let u =
9 dx
=
9
so 4 x dx =
2
du
change terminals
3
when x = u=1
2
and when x = 0 u = 0
1
9
2∫
−1
A= Cos (u )du from i.
0
[ u Cos ]
9 1
A= −1
( u) − 1 − u 2
2 0
A=
9
2
[(1 Cos −1
(
1 − 0) − 0 − 1 )]
9
A= = 4.5 m2 (exactly)
2
as a check only
Kilbaha Multimedia Publishing 2004
2004 Specialist Mathematics Trial Examination 2 Page 4
Suggested Solutions
Question 2
a.
i T = {z : 3 Re( z) − 4 Im( z) = 25}
Let z = x + iy Re( z) = x and Im( z) = y
3 x 25
So T is the line 3 x − 4 y = 25 or y = −
4 4
3 1
This line has a gradient of m = and intersects the real axis ( x-axis ) at 8 , 0
4 3
1
and the imaginary axis ( y-axis ) at 0 ,−− 6
4
{
Now U = z : z = z − 6 + 8i } Let z = x + iy
x + iy = ( x − 6) + i( y + 8)
x 2 + y 2 = ( x − 6) 2 + ( y + 8)
2
squaring both sides
x 2 + y 2 = ( x − 6) 2 + ( y + 8)
2
expanding
x 2 + y 2 = x 2 − 12 x + 36 + y 2 + 16 y + 64
12 x − 16 y = 100
3 x − 4 y = 25
so T = U
ii. {
S = z : z − 3 + 4i = 5 } Let z = x + iy
( x − 3) + i ( y + 4 ) = 5
( x − 3) 2 + ( y + 4 ) 2 = 5
( x − 3) 2 + ( y + 4 ) 2 = 25
S is the circle with centre ( 3,−−4 ) and radius 5
Kilbaha Multimedia Publishing 2004
2004 Specialist Mathematics Trial Examination 2 Page 5
Suggested Solutions
R = {z :( z − 3 + 4 i) ( z − 3 − 4 i) = 25}
= {z :( z − c ) ( z − c ) = 25}
with c = 3 − 4 i so that c = 3 + 4 i and cc = 9 − 16i 2 = 25
Now ( z − c ) ( z − c ) = 25 expanding becomes
zz − zc − zc + cc = 25 with z = x + iy z = x − iy and zz = x 2 + y 2
x 2 + y 2 − ( x + iy )( 3 + 4 i) − ( x − iy )( 3 − 4 i) + 25 = 25
[ ] [ ]
x 2 + y 2 − 3 x + 3iy + 4 ix + 4 i 2 y − 3 x − 3iy − 4 ix + 4 i 2 y = 0
x 2 + y 2 − 6 x + 8 y = 0 completing the squares
x 2 − 6 x + 9 + y 2 + 8 y + 16 = 25
( x − 3) 2 + ( y + 4 ) 4 = 25 is the circle with centre ( 3,−−4 ) and radius 5
so S = R
iii. {
Let zA = 7 − i substituting zA into S = z : z − 3 + 4 i = 5 }
( 7 − i) − ( 3 − 4i) = 4 + 3i = 5 so zA lies on S
zA = 7 − i substituting zA into T = {z : 3 Re( z) − 4 Im( z) = 25}
3 × 7 − 4 × − 1 = 21 + 4 = 25 so zA lies on T
{
Let zB = −1 − 7i substituting zB into S = z : z − 3 + 4 i = 5 }
(−1 − 7i) − ( 3 − 4i) = −4 − 3i = 5 so zB lies on S
zB = −1 − 7i substituting zB into T = {z : 3 Re( z) − 4 Im( z) = 25}
3× − 1 − 4 × − 7 = −3 + 28 = 25 so zB lies on T
Kilbaha Multimedia Publishing 2004
2004 Specialist Mathematics Trial Examination 2 Page 6
Suggested Solutions
iv.
v. O( 0 , 0) A ( 7 , − 1) B (−1, − 7) C ( 3, − 4 )
→ → →
OA = 7 i − j OB = − i − 7 j OC = 3i − 4 j
" " " " " "
→ → →
AC = OC − OA = −4 i − 3 j
" "
→ → → →
AC .OC = −12 + 12 = 0 so OC is perpendicular to AC
→ → →
AB = OB− OA
= −8 i − 6 j
" "
= 2 (−4 i − 3 j )
" "
→ →
AB = 2 AC
so A, B , C are collinear
Kilbaha Multimedia Publishing 2004
2004 Specialist Mathematics Trial Examination 2 Page 7
Suggested Solutions
→
Now AB = 10 it is the diameter of the circle
→
and AC = 5 it is the radius of the circle.
vi. It is the set of points equidistant from both O and D
b. r ( t ) = ( 3 + 5 cos ( 2t )) i + ( − 4 + 5 sin ( 2t )) j t≥0
" " "
i. x = 3 + 5 cos(2 t) y = −4 + 5 sin (2 t)
x−3 y+4
cos(2 t) = sin(2 t) =
5 5
sin 2 (2 t) + cos2 (2 t) = 1
( y + 4) 2 +
( x − 3) 2
=1
25 25
⇒ ( x − 3) 2 + ( y + 4 ) 2 = 25
so P moves on S
ii. r# (t ) = −10 sin (2t ) i + 10 cos(2t ) j
" " "
r# (t ) = 100 sin 2 (2t ) + 100 cos 2 (2t )
"
(
r# (t ) = 100 sin 2 (2t ) + cos 2 (2t )
"
)
r# (t ) = 100
"
r# (t ) = 10
"
momentum p = m r# (t )
" "
= 2 × 10
= 20 kg m / s
Kilbaha Multimedia Publishing 2004
2004 Specialist Mathematics Trial Examination 2 Page 8
Suggested Solutions
Question 3
a. no air resistance
i. s = −100 a = −9.8 u= 0 t=?
1
s = ut + at 2
2
−100 = 0 − 4.9 t 2
100
t= = 4.52 sec
4.9
ii. v 2 = u 2 + 2 as
v 2 = 0 + 2 × − 9.8 × −100
= 1960
v = ± 1960
downward speed is 44.27 m / s
0.01v 2
b. with air resistance
i. by Newton’s Second Law of Motion
dv
5 a = 5 g − 0.01v 2 using a= v
dx
dv 49 − 0.01v 2
v = shown
dx 5
dv 49 − 0.01v 2
ii. v = 5g
dx 5
dv 49 − 0.01v 2
= inverting both sides
dx 5v
dx 5v
= integrating with respect to v
dv 49 − 0.01v 2
log e ( 49 − 0.01v 2 ) + C
5vdv 5
x=∫ 2 =−
49 − 0.01v 0.02
5
but when x = 0 v = 0 ⇒ C= log e 49
0.02
log e ( 49 − 0.01v 2 ) = 250 log e
5 5 49
x= log e 49 − 2
0.02 0.02 49 − 0.01v
Kilbaha Multimedia Publishing 2004
2004 Specialist Mathematics Trial Examination 2 Page 9
Suggested Solutions
iii. Now the hammer hits the ground when x = 100
49
100 = 250 log e 2
49 − 0.01v
10 49
e 25 =
49 − 0.01v 2
− 10
49 − 0.01v 2 = 49e 25
− 10
0.01v 2 = 49 − 49e 25
v = 4900 1 − e ( − 10
25
) = 40.1924
v = 40.19 m / s
dv 49 − 0.01v 2 dt 5
iv. a= = =
dt 5 dv 49 − 0.01v 2
5 dv
t= ∫
49 − 0.01v 2
5 A B
by partial fractions 2 = +
49 − 0.01v 7 + 0.1v 7 − 0.1v
5 A( 7 − 0.1v ) + B( 7 + 0.1v ) 7 ( A + B) + 0.1v ( B − A)
2 = =
49 − 0.01v 49 − 0.01v 2 49 − 0.01v 2
5
so that 7 ( A + B) = 5 and A − B = 0 so A = B =
14
5 1 1
14 ∫ 7 − 0.1v 7 + 0.1v
t= + dv
5 1
t=
14 0.1
[
− log e ( 7 − 0.1v ) + log e ( 7 + 0.1v ) + C
]
but when t = 0 v = 0 ⇒ C = 0
50 7 + 0.1v
t= log e
14 7 − 0.1v
25 70 + v
t = log e
7 70 − v
Kilbaha Multimedia Publishing 2004
2004 Specialist Mathematics Trial Examination 2 Page 10
Suggested Solutions
v. when T = ? when v = 40.1924
25 70 + v
t = log e
7 70 − v
25 70 + 40.1924
t= log e
7 70 − 40.1924
t = 4.67 sec (correct to two decimal places)
25 70 + v
vi. now transposing t = log e to make v the subject
7 70 − v
70 − v
e −0.28 t = ( 70 + v ) e −0.28t = 70 − v
70 + v
70e −0.28 t + ve −0.28 t = 70 − v v + ve −0.28 t = 70 − 70e −0.28 t
v (1 + e −0.28 t ) = 70 (1 − e −0.28 t )
70 (1 − e −0.28 t )
v = v ( t) = 0≤ t≤ T
1 + e −0.28 t
vii.
V
70
40.19
t
4.67
as check only
d= ∫
4.67
v ( t) dt = 100
0
Kilbaha Multimedia Publishing 2004
2004 Specialist Mathematics Trial Examination 2 Page 11
Suggested Solutions
Question 4
i. r . k = 0 ⇒ 4 + 4 sin (π t ) = 0 or 4 sin (π t ) = −4
" "
sin πt = −1
3π
πt =
2
3
t=
2
ii. r# (t ) = 10 i + 90 j + 4π cos(π t ) k
" " " "
r# (0 ) = 10 i + 90 j + 4π k
" " " "
r# (0 ) = 10 2 + 90 2 + 16π 2
"
r# (0 ) = 91.42 m/s
"
4π
now the angle α at which it is hit is given by tan α =
10 + 90 2
2
4π
α = Tan −1 2
= 7.9°
10 + 90
2
so α = 8° to the nearest degree.
3
iii. r = 15 i + 135 j
" 2 " "
3
r = 15 2 + 135 2
" 2
3
r = 136 m
" 2
iv. at max height 4 sin πt + 4 = 8 when
sin(πt) = 1
π
πt =
2
1
t=
2
1
Now r = 5 i + 45 j + 8 k
" 2 " " "
Kilbaha Multimedia Publishing 2004
2004 Specialist Mathematics Trial Examination 2 Page 12
Suggested Solutions
Question 5
i. N
P
µN
θ mg
ii. resolving perpendicular to the plane N − mg cosθ = 0
so that N = mg cosθ (1)
resolving up and parallel to the plane P + µN − mg sin θ = 0
P = mg sin θ − µN
P = mg sin θ − µ mg cosθ from (1) and µ = 0.5
P = mg( sin θ − 0.5 cosθ )
iii.
a = 1m / s 2 N 2P
15°
µN µ = 0.5
θ
mg
iv. resolving perpendicular to the plane
N + 2 P sin15° − mg cosθ = 0 ( 3)
resolving up and parallel to the plane, using Newton’s Second Law of Motion
2 P cos15° − µN − mg sin θ = ma ( 4 )
from (3) N = mg cosθ − 2 P sin15° into (4)
2 P cos15° − µ ( mg cosθ − 2 P sin15°) − mg sin θ = ma
2 P ( cos15° + µ sin15°) − mg( sin θ + µ cosθ ) = ma
Kilbaha Multimedia Publishing 2004
2004 Specialist Mathematics Trial Examination 2 Page 13
Suggested Solutions
but from i.
P = mg( sin θ − 0.5 cosθ ) and µ = 0.5 a = 1
2 mg( sin θ − 0.5 cosθ ) ( cos15° + 0.5 sin15°) − mg ( sin θ + 0.5 cosθ ) = 1m
2 g ( sin θ − 0.5 cosθ ) ( cos15° + 0.5 sin15°) − g( sin θ + 0.5 cosθ ) = 1
21.4686 ( sin θ − 0.5 cosθ ) − 9.8 ( sin θ + 0.5 cosθ ) = 1
(21.4686 − 9.8) sin θ − 0.5 (21.4686 + 9.8) cosθ = 1
11.669 sin θ − 15.634 cosθ = 1
v. 11.669 sin θ − 15.634 cosθ = 1
solving this equation on the TI-83 with the calculator in the DEGREES mode.
θ = 56.2
θ = 56°
END OF SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS
2004 Specialist Mathematics Trial Examination 2
KILBAHA MULTIMEDIA PUBLISHING TEL: (03) 9817 5374
PO BOX 2227 FAX: (03) 9817 4334
KEW VIC 3101
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