beg-`kg †kÖwY : c`v_©  231

 †iPb : †h ˆRweK cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g †`‡n wecvK cÖwµqvq Drcbœ eR©¨ c`v_©
wb®‹vwkZ nq, Zv‡K †iPb e‡j| G cÖwµqvq kix‡ii AwZwi³ cvwb, jeY, Kve©b
WvBA·vBW I ˆRe c`v_©¸‡jv mvaviYZ †`n †_‡K †ei nq|
 †iPb c`v_© : Rx‡ei †`n‡Kv‡l Drcbœ wecvKRvZ `~wlZ c`v_©¸‡jv‡K †iPb c`v_©
e‡j| gvbe‡`‡ni †iPb c`v_© g~‡Îi gva¨‡g kixi †_‡K †ei n‡q Av‡m| g~‡Îi cÖvq 90 fvM
Dcv`vb n‡”Q cvwb| Ab¨vb¨ Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ Av‡Q- BDwiqv, BDwiK GwmW,
wµ‡qwUwbb I wewfbœ ai‡bi jeY|
 gvbe‡`‡ni †iPbZš¿ : gvbe‡`‡ni †iPbZš¿ GK‡Rvov e„°, GK‡Rvov BD‡iUvi, GKwU
g~Î_wj Ges GKwU g~Îbvwj wb‡q MwVZ| gvby‡li e„° `ywU †`L‡Z wk‡gi wewPi
g‡Zv|
 e„‡°i MVb : e„° `ywU gvbe‡`‡ni D`i MnŸ‡ii †cQ‡bi As‡k †giæ`‡Êi Dfq cv‡k
Aew¯’Z| e„‡°i evB‡ii w`K DËj I †fZ‡ii w`K AeZj nq| AeZj As‡ki fuvR‡K nvBjvm e‡j|
nvBjv‡m Aew¯’Z MnŸi‡K †cjwfm e‡j| G fuv‡R e„°xq wkiv, e„°xq agwb Ges BD‡iUvi
hy³ _v‡K| j¤^‡”Q‡` e„‡°i `ywU my¯úó Ask †`Lv hvq| evB‡ii Mvp jvj Ask‡K K‡U©·
Ges †fZ‡ii nvjKv jvj Ask‡K †gWyjv e‡j| e„° K¨vcmyj bvgK GK AveiY w`‡q Ave„Z
_v‡K| cÖwZwU e„° AmsL¨ m~² Pz‡ji g‡Zv KzÊjxK…Z bvwjKv wb‡q MwVZ| G‡`i
†bd«b e‡j|
 †bd«b : e„‡°i BDwiwb‡divm bvwjKvi ÿiYKvix Ask I Kvwh©K GKK‡K †bd«b e‡j|
gvbe‡`‡ni cÖwZwU e„‡° cÖvq 10 Ñ 12 jÿ †bd«b _v‡K| cÖwZwU †bd«b GKwU †ibvj
Kicvmj ev gvjwcwRqvb A½ Ges †ibvj wUDey¨j wb‡q MwVZ| cÖwZwU †ibvj Kicvmj
Avevi †Møv‡giæjvm Ges †evg¨vÝ K¨vcmyj G `ywU As‡k wef³| †evg¨vÝ K¨vcmyj
†Møv‡giæjvm‡K †eób K‡i _v‡K|
 e„‡° cv_i : gvbe e„‡° D™¢‚Z †QvU AvKv‡ii cv_iRvZxq c`v‡_©i m„wóB e„‡°i cv_i
wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| e„‡° cv_i meviB n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e †`Lv †M‡Q †g‡q‡`i †_‡K cyiæ‡li
cv_i nevi m¤¢vebv †ewk| AwZwi³ kvixwiK IRb, e„‡° msµgY †ivM, Kg cvwb cvb,
AwZwi³ cÖvwYR Avwgl †hgb : gvsm I wWg †L‡j e„‡°i cv_i nevi KviY n‡Z cv‡i|
AvaywbK c×wZ‡Z BD‡U‡iv‡¯‹vwcK, AvëªvmwbK wj_wUªcwm A_ev e„‡° A‡¯¿vcPvi
K‡i cv_i AcmviY Kiv hvq|
 e„° weKj : †bd«vBwUm, Wvqv‡ewUm, D”P i³Pvc, wKWwb‡Z cv_i BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y
wKWwb ax‡i ax‡i weKj n‡q hvq| AvKw¯§K wKWwb A‡K‡Rv ev weKj nIqvi KviY¸‡jv
n‡jv RwUj †bd«vBwUm, Wvqwiqv, AwZwi³ i³ÿiY BZ¨vw`|
 WvqvjvBwmm : e„° m¤ú~Y© A‡K‡Rv ev weKj nevi ci ˆeÁvwbK Dcv‡q i³
cwi‡kvwaZ Kivi bvg WvqvjvBwmm| mvaviYZ ÔWvqvjvBwmm †gwk‡biÕ mvnv‡h¨
i³ cwi‡kvwaZ Kiv nq|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : c`v_©  232

1. BDwiqv †Kv_vq ˆZwi nq? 3. Zvwbœi †`‡n D³ Dcv`vbwU Kg nIqvi

K e„‡° L hK…‡Z KviYÑ
M †`n †Kv‡l N †ibvj i. Nvg †ewk nIqv
agwb‡Z ii. dj Kg LvIqv
2. e„‡° cv_i nevi m¤¢vebv K‡g- iii. jeYv³ Lv`¨ MÖnY
i. kvixwiK IRb n«vm †c‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii. Kg cvwb cvb Ki‡j K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
iii. ¯^í cwigvY Avwgl †L‡j 4. Zvwbœi kix‡i D³ mgm¨vi KviY-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i. kix‡i cvwb Avmv
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii ii. g~Îbvwji cÖ`vn
DÏxcKwU c‡o 3 I 4 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : iii. cÖmªv‡e kK©iv hvIqv
Zvwbœ cvwb I Ab¨vb¨ Lv`¨ MÖn‡Y wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wbqgbxwZ †g‡b P‡j bv| B`vwbs Zvi g~‡Îi  i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
cwigvY Kg nIqvmn †Kvg‡ii wcQ‡b e¨_v n‡”Q|

5. e„‡°i AeZj As‡ki fuvR‡K Kx e‡j? M wewfbœ ai‡bi jeY  wµ‡qwUbb

K †cjwfm L BD‡iUi 12. gvQ, gvsm, wk‡gi wewP RvZxq
M wcivwgW  nvBjvm Lv`¨MÖnY g~‡Îi †Kvb ai‡bi cwieZ©b
6. GKRb my¯’ gvbyl cÖwZw`b cÖvq KZ n‡e?
wjUvi g~Î Z¨vM K‡i? K ÿviKZv e„w× cv‡e L ÿvixq I A¤øfve
K 1.3 L 1.4  1.5 N 1.6 mgvb _v‡K
7. GKwU †ibvj Kicvmj-G KqwU Ask _v‡K?  A¤øZv e„w× cv‡e N cvwbi
 2wU L 3wU M 4wU N 5wU cwigvY e„w× cv‡e
8. AvKw¯§K e„° weKj nIqvi KviY Kx? 13. cÖwZwU e„‡° KZwU †bd«b _v‡K?
 †bd«vBwUm, Wvqwiqv L K 8 jÿ  10 jÿ M 15 jÿ N 20 jÿ
Wvqv‡ewUm, Avgvkq 14. wKWbx WvqvjvBwmmÑ
M D”P i³Pvc, wbD‡gvwbqv N i. ˆeÁvwbK Dcv‡q i³ cwi‡kvab
A¨v‡cwÛmvBwUm, †bd«vBwUm ii. ¯^íe¨‡q m¤úbœ Kiv hvq
9. g~‡Îi is nvjKv njy` nq †KvbwUi Kvi‡Y? iii. mgq mv‡cÿ
K BDwiqv  BD‡iv‡µvg wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M BDwiK GwmW N Ki L i I ii  i I iii N i, ii I iii
wµ‡q‡Uwbb 15. e„‡°i †iv‡Mi jÿY¸‡jvÑ
10. e„‡°i GKK Kx? i. kixi dz‡j hvIqv
K †cjwfm L wcoKv  †bd«b N nvBjvm ii. i³ wgwkªZ cÖmªve nIqv
11. wKWwb weKj n‡j i‡³ †KvbwUi cwigvY iii. k¦vmKó †e‡o hvIqv
e„w× cvq? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K A¨vgvB‡bv GwmW L BDwiK GwmW  i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii

eR©¨ c`v_© L Møy‡KvR M g~Î N

gvbe †iPb 
†cÖvwUb
18. gvbe‡`‡n e„‡°i msL¨v KqwU? (Ávb)
 mvaviY enywbe©vPwb
K 1wU  2wU M 3wU N 4wU
cÖ‡kœvËi 19. wecvK cÖwµqvq Drcbœ eR©¨
16. gvby‡li †iPb A½ †KvbwU? (Ávb) c`v_©¸‡jv wb®‹vwkZ nq †Kvb
K hK…r  e„° M †bd«b N BD‡iUvi cÖwµqvq? (Ávb)
17. wecv‡Ki d‡j †`‡n Kx m„wó nq? (Abyaveb) K k¦mb  †iPb M msenb N wbtmiY
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : c`v_©  233
20. gvbe‡`‡ni eR©¨ c`v_© wb®‹vwkZ nq K e„° L Wm©vj A¨vIU©v M †ibvj
†Kvb Z‡š¿i gva¨‡g? (Ávb) wkiv  BD‡iUvi
K cwicvKZš¿ L k¦mbZš¿  †iPbZš¿ 29. b wPwýZ Ask `ywU‡Z †gvU †bd«‡bi
N †cŠwóKZš¿ msL¨v (Abyaveb)
21. †iPb c`v_© ej‡Z †KvbwU‡K †evSvq? K 10 jÿ  20 jÿ M 30 jÿ N 40 jÿ
(Ávb)
K Avwgl  BDwiK GwmW M e„° I e„‡°i KvR
wMømvij N wnm‡Uvb
22. g~‡Î cvwbi cwigvY KZ fvM? (Ávb)  mvaviY enywbe©vPwb
K cÖvq 72 fvM L cÖvq 86 cÖ‡kœvËi
fvM 30. †Møv‡giæjvm †Kvb A‡½ _v‡K? (Ávb)
 cÖvq 90 fvM N cÖvq 92  e„° L hK…r M AMœ¨vkq N
fvM jvjvMÖwš’
23. †KvbwUi Kvi‡Y g~‡Îi is nvjKv njy` nq? 31. gvbe‡`‡ni e„° †`L‡Z †Kgb? (Abyaveb)
(Ávb) K †MvjvKvi L
K BDwiqv L wn‡gv‡Møvweb wW¤^vKvi
M wµ‡qwUwbb  M gUi ex‡Ri g‡Zv  wk‡gi wewPi g‡Zv
BD‡iv‡µvg 32. e„‡° Aew¯’Z MnŸi‡K Kx e‡j? (Ávb)
24. †Kvb RvZxq Lv‡`¨i Kvi‡Y g~‡Îi A¤øZv K wcoKv L mvBbvm  †cjwfm N nvBjvm
e„w× cvq? (Ávb) 33. †iPbZ‡š¿i cÖavb KvR Kx? (cÖ‡qvM)
 †cÖvwUb L wjwcW  eR©¨ c`v_©¸‡jv wb®‹vwkZ Kiv L i³
M wfUvwgb N mieivn Kiv
Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU M kix‡ii fvimvg¨ iÿv Kiv N wewfbœ
25. †Kvb RvZxq Lv`¨ MÖn‡Y mvaviYZ GwmW †`‡n cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv
ÿvixq g~Î ˆZwi nq? (Abyaveb) 34. g~Î †Kvb ai‡bi c`v_©? (Ávb)
 djg~j L gvQ-gvsm M wWg- K ˆRweK c`v_© L Zij
`ya N wN-cwbi c`v_©
 †iPb c`v_© N ¯^”Q
 enyc`x mgvwßm~PK c`v_©
enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 35. gvbe‡`‡n A¨vgvB‡bv GwmW cÖ‡qvRb
26. †iP‡bi gva¨‡g †`n †_‡K †ei n‡q hvqÑ †Kb? (Ávb)
(Abyaveb) K g~Î ˆZwi Ki‡Z  Avwgl ˆZwii Rb¨

i. AwZwi³ cvwb M BDwiK GwmW ˆZwii Rb¨ N †iPb

ii. AwZwi³ jeY cÖwµqvi Rb¨

iii. BDwiqv 36. †`‡ni cÖ‡qvR‡bi AwZwi³ Kx msiÿY Kiv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? nq bv? (Ávb)
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii K Avwgl L g~Î
27. ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’vq g~‡Î cvwb QvovI M cvwb  A¨vgvB‡bv GwmW
_v‡KÑ (Abyaveb) 37. e„° †_‡K †Kvb bvwji gva¨‡g g~Î
i. Avwgl g~Îvk‡q evwnZ nq? (Ávb)
ii. BDwiK GwmW  BD‡iUvi L BD‡Uivm M g~Îbvwj
iii. wµ‡qwUwbb N †iPb bvwj
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 38. e„‡°i †Kvb As‡k BD‡iUvi †ei nq? (Ávb)
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii K wcoKv L †gWyjv  nvBjvm N †cjwfm
39. gvbe‡`‡n BD‡iUv‡ii msL¨v KqwU? (Ávb)
 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb
K GKwU  `ywU M wZbwU N PviwU
cÖ‡kœvËi 40. e„° †_‡K Drcbœ BD‡iUv‡ii ùxZ EaŸ©
wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K wb‡Pi 28 I 29bs cÖ‡kœi As‡ki bvg Kx? (Ávb)
DËi `vI : K nvBjvm L mvBbvm  †cjwfm N K‡U©·
41. e„‡°i MVbMZ I Kvh©MZ GK‡Ki bvg
Kx? (Ávb)
K †bwd«wWqv  †bd«b
M †iPb Kicvmj N †b‡d«v‡÷vg
42. cÖwZ e„‡° †bd«‡bi msL¨v KZ? (Ávb)
K 4 jÿ L 6 jÿ M 8 jÿ  10 jÿ

28. a wPwýZ A½vYywUi bvg Kx? (Abyaveb)

 beg-`kg †kÖwY : c`v_©  234
43. †bd«‡bi †h Ask QuvKwbi g‡Zv KvR 56. e„° †bd«‡bi gva¨‡g Kxfv‡e †`‡n cvwbi
K‡i, †mwUi bvg Kx? (cÖ‡qvM) mgZv eRvq iv‡L? (Abyaveb)
K †evg¨vÝ K¨vcmyj  †Møv‡giæjvm K †kvlY cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g 
M i³ RvjK N †nbwji jyc cybt‡kvlY cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g
44. cÖwZwU †ibvj wUDey¨j KqwU As‡k M c„_KxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g N AvËxKiY cÖwµqvi
wef³? (Ávb) gva¨‡g
K 2wU  3wU M 4wU N 5wU 57. †nbwji jyc †Kvb A‡½i Ask? (Ávb)
45. †Møv‡giæjvm †KvbwU w`‡q MwVZ? K ürwcÊ L dzmdzm  e„° N hK…Z
(Abyaveb) 58. BDwiqv Drcbœ nq †KvbwU †_‡K?
K agwb¸”Q L wkiv¸”Q (cÖ‡qvM)
M Dcagwb¸”Q  K Avwgl  A¨v‡gvwbqv M kK©iv
i³RvwjKv¸”Q N d¨vU
46. g~‡Î Dcw¯’Z bvB‡Uªv‡Rbwenxb †iPb 59. e„‡°i K‡U©‡·i is Kxiƒc? (Ávb)
c`v_© †KvbwU? (Abyaveb)  jvj L a~mi M mv`v N njy`
K BDwiK GwmW L BDwiqv 60. †nbwji jy‡ci cÖavb KvR Kx? (D”PZi `ÿZv)
 A·vwjK GwmW N wµ‡qwUwbb K †mvwWqvg †kvlY  cvwb‡kvlY
47. gvjwcwRqvb A‡½i Ask `ywU Kx Kx? M kK©iv †kvlY N Avqb
(Abyaveb) ÿiY
K †Møv‡giæjvm I †ibvj wUDey¨j 61. e„‡°i †Møv‡giyjv‡mi cÖavb KvR Kx?
 †evg¨vÝ K¨vcmyj I †Møv‡giæjvm (D”PZi `ÿZv)
M †evg¨vÝ K¨vcmyj I †n‡bwji jyc K g~‡Îi mÂq
N e„° bvwjKv I †evg¨vÝ K¨vcmyj L kK©ivi cybt‡kvlY
48. wb‡Pi †Kvb Dcv`vbwU †Møv‡giæjv‡m  i³‡K cwimªyZ K‡i g~Î Drcv`b
cwimªyZ nq bv? (D”PZi `ÿZv) N g~Î wb®‹vkb
K Møy‡KvR L cvwb M LwbR 62. GKRb my¯’ e¨w³i g~‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU
jeY  †cÖvwUb Abycw¯’Z? (Abyaveb)
49. g~‡Î Møy‡KvR wbM©Z nq †Kvb K BDwiK GwmW L wµ‡qwUwbb
†iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y? (cÖ‡qvM) M BDwiqv  wfUvwgb we-
K D”P i³Pvc  Kg‡cø·
Wvqv‡ewUm †gwjUvm 63. Avwgl RvZxq Lv‡`¨i wecv‡Ki d‡j
M wbgœ i³Pvc N MjMÊ †KvbwU m„ó nq? (Abyaveb)
50. †Kvb †iv‡M g~‡Î wewjiæweb cvIqv  bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ `~wlZ c`v_© L
hvq? (cÖ‡qvM) Kve©b WvBA·vBW
 RwÛm L Wvqv‡ewUm M nvB‡Wªv‡RbNwUZ `~wlZ c`v_© N
M †bd«vBwUm N D”P Kve©b g‡bv·vBW
i³Pvc 64. e„‡°i †Møv‡giæjvm Ges †evg¨vÝ
51. ¯Íb¨cvqx cÖvYxi e„‡° †ibvj wcivwgW K¨vcmyj GK‡Î Kx MVb K‡i? (Abyaveb)
†`Lv hvq †Kvb As‡k? (Abyaveb) K e„°xq bvwj L †bd«b
K †cjwf‡m L nvBjv‡m  †gWyjv‡Z N  †ibvj Kicvmj N cu¨vPv‡bv bvwjKv
K‡U©‡· 65. e„‡°i †KvbwUi gva¨‡g cwi‡kvwaZ i³
52. †Møv‡giæjvm e„‡°i †Kvb As‡k †evg¨vÝ K¨vcmyj Z¨vM K‡i? (Abyaveb)
mxgve× _v‡K? (cÖ‡qvM) K A¨vdv‡i›U AvU©vwiIj L e„°xq
K †cjwfm L wcivwgWM †gWyjv  K‡U©‡· wkiv
53. †Kvb i³evn w`‡q i³ †evgvÝ K¨vcmy‡ji M †KŠwkK bvjx  Bdv‡i›U
g‡a¨ hvq? (D”PZi `ÿZv) AvU©vwiIj
 A¨vdv‡i›U AvU©vwiIj L †ibvj 66. e„‡°i †fZ‡ii Ask‡K Kx e‡j? (Ávb)
agwb K K‡U©·  †gWyjv M BD‡iUvi N e„°xq
M Bdv‡i›U AvU©vwiIj N †ibvj †cvU©vj wkiv bvwjKv
54. †nbwji jyc †Kv_vq _v‡K? (Abyaveb)
K dzmdz‡m L hK„‡Z  †bd«‡b  enyc`x mgvwßm~PK
N gw¯Í‡®‹ enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
55. BDwiwb‡divm bvwjKvi ÿiYKvix Ask 67. e„° †_‡K †h bvwji gva¨‡g g~Î g~Îvk‡q
Kx? (Abyaveb) evwnZ nq-
K cÖw·gvj cu¨vPv‡bv bvwjKv L wW÷vj
i. g~Îbvwj
cu¨vPv‡bv bvwjKv ii. BD‡iUvi
M †nbwji jyc  †bd«b iii. msMÖvnx bvwj
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : c`v_©  235
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb)
K i I ii  ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii K i I ii N i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
68. †iPb cÖwµqvq AcmvwiZ nq- 77. †iPb c`v_© msMÖvnK bvwjKv †_‡KÑ
i. ÿwZKviK eR©¨ c`v_©mg~n i. †cjwf‡m wbwÿß nq
ii. AcÖ‡qvRbxq e¯Íymg~n ii. BD‡iUvi †e‡q g~Î_wj‡Z Rgv nq
iii. wecvKxq eR©¨ c`v_©mg~n iii. g~Îbvwji gva¨‡g AcmvwiZ nq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (D”PZi `ÿZv)
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
69. gvjwcwRqvb A½ hv wb‡q MwVZ, Zv 78. e„‡°i nvBjvm †_‡K †ei nqÑ
n‡jv- i. BD‡iUvi
i. †Møv‡giæjvm ii. †ibvj agwb
ii. A¨vdv‡i›U AvU©vwiIj iii. †ibvj wkiv
iii. †evg¨vÝ K¨vcmyj wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (cÖ‡qvM)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb) K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
70. GKRb my¯’ gvby‡li g~‡Î _v‡K-  Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb
i. BDwiK GwmW cÖ‡kœvËi
ii. wµ‡qwUwbb wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 79 I 80 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi
iii. cv_i DËi `vI :
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb)
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
71. cÖwZwU e„‡°i m~² bvwjKv¸‡jvÑ
i. BDwiwb‡divm bvwjKv
ii. †bd«b
iii. msMÖvnx bvwjKv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (cª‡qvM) 79. wPÎwU gvbe‡`‡ni †Kvb Z‡š¿i Ask?
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
(Abyaveb)
72. i‡³i Zvij¨ †e‡o †M‡j N‡UÑ K cwicvKZ‡š¿i 
i. i‡³ N2 Gi AvwaK¨ †iPbZ‡š¿i
ii. †Kv‡li ÿwZ M k¦mbZ‡š¿i N
iii. i³msen‡b e¨_©Zv mœvqyZ‡š¿i
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (cÖ‡qvM) 80. wP‡Î cÖ`wk©Z A½wU‡Z i‡q‡Q-
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii i. †gWyjv, K‡U©·, †cjwfm, BD‡iUvi
73. †ibvj wUDey¨‡ji Ask¸‡jv n‡jv ii. eª¼vm, BD‡iUvi, A¨vjwfIjvm,
i. †Mvov †`kxq cu¨vPv‡bv bvwjKv †Møv‡giæjvm
ii. †nbwji jyc iii. †evg¨vÝ K¨vcmyj, †Møv‡giæjvm, e„°xq
iii. cÖvšÍxq cu¨vPv‡bv bvwjKv bvwjKv, †gWyjv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (cÖ‡qvM)
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii K i L ii M iii  iI iii
74. gvbe‡`‡n e„° Øviv wbqwš¿Z nq
i. †mvwWqvg e„‡° cv_i, WvqvjvBwmm
ii. cUvwmqvg BZ¨vw`
iii. †K¬vivBW
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb)  mvaviY enywbe©vPwb
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii cÖ‡kœvËi
75. wdj‡UªU MwVZ nq 81. e„‡° cv_i n‡j Kx DcmM© †`Lv †`q? (Ávb)
i. cvwb, jeY, wPwb w`‡q K Mjvi e¨_v  †Kvg‡ii
ii. gay, ZiKvwii im w`‡q †cQ‡b e¨_v
iii. BDwiqv, BDwiK GwmW I A¨vwg‡bv M g~Î _wj‡Z e¨_v N Zj‡c‡U e¨_v
GwmW w`‡q 82. ˆ`wbK KZ wjUvi cvwb cvb Ki‡j
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb) g~Îbvwji †ivM nIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K?
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii (Ávb)
76. g~Îbvwj my¯’ ivLvi Dcvq n‡jv K 2 wjUvi  2 wjUv‡ii Kg
i. wkï‡`i Ubwmj I †Lvm cuvPov †_‡K M 2 wjUv‡ii †ewk N 4 wjUvi
mveavb nIqv 83. wb‡Pi †KvbwU gvbe †`‡ni Rb¨ ÿwZKi?
ii. Wvqv‡ewUm I D”P i³Pvc wbqš¿‡Y ivLv (D”PZi `ÿZv)
iii. a~gcvb cwinvi Kiv K A¨vgvB‡bv GwmW L cUvwmqvg
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : c`v_©  236
M Av‡qvwWb  BDwiK 91. WvqvjvBwmm wUD‡ei c`©vÑ
GwmW i. A‡f`¨
84. e„° weKj n‡j i³ cwi‡kvwaZ Kivi Dcvq ii. Aa©‡f`¨
†KvbwU? (cÖ‡qvM) iii. AvswkK ˆelg¨‡f`¨
K i³ mÂvjb L GbwRIMÖvg wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (D”PZi `ÿZv)
 WvqvjvBwmm N †ewk K i L ii  iii N ii I iii
K‡i cvwb cvb Kiv
85. WvqvjvBwmm wUD‡ei c`v© Kx ai‡bi?  Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb
K AvswkK †f`¨  AvswkK cÖ‡kœvËi
ˆelg¨‡f`¨ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 92 I 93 bs cÖ‡kœi
M A‡f`¨ N m¤ú~Y© ˆelg¨‡f`¨ DËi `vI :
iwe‡bi wKQzw`b a‡i Nb Nb cÖmªve nIqvi ci
 enyc`x mgvwßm~PK
m¤cÖwZ Zvi †Kvg‡ii †cQ‡b e¨_vmn Kuvcywb
enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi w`‡q R¡i Avmv ïiæ n‡q‡Q| Wv³v‡ii civgk© g‡Z
86. e„° weKj nqÑ BD‡U‡iv‡¯‹vwcK c×wZ‡Z wPwKrmvi gva¨‡g
i. †bd«vBwU‡m †m my¯’ n‡q DVj|
ii. Wvqv‡ewU‡m 92. iwe‡bi Kx †ivM n‡qwQj? (Abyaveb)
iii. D”P i³Pv‡c K Wvqwiqv  e„‡°
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb) cv_i
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii M †bd«vBwUm N
87. e„‡° cv_i nIqvi KviY¸‡jv n‡jv wcË_wj‡Z cv_i
i. AwZwi³ kvixwiK IRb, Kg cvwb cvb Kiv 93. iwe‡bi †ivMwU nIqvi KviY¸‡jvÑ
ii. e„° msµgY †ivM, AwZwi³ Avwgl LvIqv i. e„‡° msµgY
iii. gvsm I wWg bv LvIqv ii. †ewk cvwb cvb Kiv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb) iii. †ewk K‡i cÖvYxR Avwgl LvIqv
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb)
88. wKWwb‡Z cv_i n‡j K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
i. cÖmªv‡ei mv‡_ i³ †ei nq
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 94 I 95 bs cÖ‡kœi
ii. Kuvcywb w`‡q R¡i Av‡m
DËi `vI :
iii. mviv kixi e¨_v K‡i
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb)
Avjg mv‡n‡ei eqm 65 eQi| wKQzw`b †_‡K Zvi
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
†Kvg‡ii †cQ‡b e¨_v n‡”Q| Kuvcywb w`‡q R¡i
89. wKWwbi †iv‡Mi jÿY¸‡jv n‡jv Avm‡Q| G Kvi‡Y wZwb Wv³v‡ii wbKU †M‡jb|
i. wKWwb dz‡j hvq 94. Avjg mv‡n‡ei kvixwiK mgm¨vi KviY
ii. cÖmªv‡e Avwgl hvq †KvbwU? [Abyaveb]
iii. cÖmv‡e R¡vjv †cvov K‡i  wKWwb‡Z cv_i L Wvqv‡ewUKm
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb) M wKWwb‡Z cvwb N cv‡q cvwb
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii 95. Avjg mv‡n‡ei Amy¯’Zv †_‡K Dck‡gi
90. BD‡U‡iv‡¯‹vwcK c×wZ‡Z A‡¯¿vcvPvi Dcvq n‡jv
Kiv nqÑ i. AwZwi³ cwigv‡Y cvwb cvb Kiv
i. ürwc‡Ê ii. Wv³v‡ii civgk© g‡Zv Jla †meb Kiv
ii. e„‡° iii. e„‡° A‡¯¿vcvPvi Kiv
iii. wcË_wj‡Z wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? [D”PZi `ÿZv]
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb) K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K i  ii M iii N ii I iii

96. wb‡Pi †KvbwUi Kvi‡Y AvKw¯§Kfv‡e K jwmKv i‡mi g‡Zv L †cÖv‡UvcøvR‡gi

wKWwb A‡K‡Rv ev weKj n‡Z cv‡i? g‡Zv
M Bbmywjb ni‡gv‡bi g‡Zv  i‡³i
K Wvqwiqv L Wvqv‡ewUm 
cøvRgvi g‡Zv
†bd«vBwUm N D”P i³Pvc
99. wKWwb ms‡hvRb Kqfv‡e fvM Kiv
97. Aw¯’Z‡š¿i Ask¸‡jv‡K mshy³ K‡i hvq?
†KvbwU? 2 L3 M4 N5
K Ziæbvw¯’ L Aw¯’mwÜ M 100. †Kvb MÖwš’i ni‡gvb ˆZwi‡Z †Kv‡j‡÷ij
wjMv‡g›U  †UbWb e¨eüZ nq?
98. WvqvjvBwmm wUDewU †h Zi‡ji g‡a¨ K wcUzBUvwi L _vBi‡qW
Wzev‡bv _v‡K Zvi MVb wKiƒc?
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : c`v_©  237
M AvB‡jUm Ae j¨v½vin¨vÝ  114. A¨vdv‡i›U A¨vU©vwiIj KZwU
A¨vW‡ibvj ˆKwkKbvwjKv ˆZwi K‡i?
101. e„‡°i cÖwZwU BDwiwb‡divm bvwjKv K 30wU L 40wU  50wU N 60wU
cÖavb KZwU As‡k wef³? 115. wb‡Pi †KvbwUi Kvi‡Y g~‡Îi is njy`
 2wU L 3wU M 4wU N 5wU nq?
102. NbvKvi AveiYx wUmy¨i KvR K wn‡gv‡Møvweb L
†KvbwU? wj‡cvwdDwmb
K QuvKb L cwienb  cwi‡kvlY N Lv`¨  BD‡iv‡µvg N
mÂq
wewjiæweb
103. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †ibvj wUDey¨‡ji Ask
116. Bdv‡i›U A¨vU©vwiIj †KvbwU †_‡K
bq?
 †evg¨vÝ K¨vcmyj L †Mvov‡`kxq m„wó nq?
K †ibvj agwb L
cu¨vPv‡bv bvwjKv
M †nbwj-i jyc N cÖvšÍxq
†ncvwUK agwb
cu¨vPv‡bv bvwjKv M †ibvj wkiv  ˆKwkK
104. †`‡n cvwbi cwigvY †e‡o †M‡j †KvbwU RvwjKv
N‡U? 117. e„‡°i †evg¨vbm K¨vcmy‡ji cÖvPxi
 i‡³ bvB‡Uªv‡Rb e„w× cvq L i‡³ †Kvb ai‡bi wUmy¨ Øviv MwVZ?
wµ‡qwUwbb e„w× cvq K wKDeqWvj AveiYx wUmy¨ L Kjvgbvi
M i‡³ Møy‡KvR e„w× cvq N i‡³ AveiYx wUmy¨
BDwiK GwmW e„w× cvq  †¯‹vqvm AveiYx wUmy¨ N
105. †KvbwU †cjwfK MvW©j Gi Aw¯’? ÷vwUdvBW AveiYx wUmy¨
K ¯‹¨vcyjv L ÷vb©vg  wcDwem N 118. WvqvjvBwmm †gwk‡b i³ wK‡mi
g¨vµvg gva¨‡g cÖ‡ek K‡i?
106. †bd«‡b †Kvb c`v_©wU QuvKwbi g‡Zv  agwb L wkiv
KvR K‡i? M cvj‡gvbvix agwb N cvj‡gvbvix wkiv
K †ibvj wUDey¨j L †evg¨vÝ K¨vcmyj 119. e„‡°i AeZj As‡k Aew¯’Z nvBjv‡m
 †Møv‡giæjvm N †nbwji i. _‡ji g‡Zv GKwU MnŸi Av‡Q
jyc ii. †cjwfb bvgK MnŸi Av‡Q
107. e„‡°i evB‡ii K¨vcmyj msjMœ Ask‡K iii. GKwU †QvU MnŸi Av‡Q
e‡j- wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K †gWzjv  K‡U©· M c¨vwcjv N †cjwfm  ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
108. mvaviYZ †gWzjvq KqwU †ibvj 120. e„‡°i cv_i Acmvi‡Y e¨eüZ nq-
wcivwgW _v‡K? i. BD‡U‡iv‡¯‹vwcK
 8-12wU L 8-14wU M 10-15wU N 12-
ii. AvëªvmwbK wj_wUªcwm
16wU
iii. A‡¯¿vcPvi
109. nvBjv‡mi †fZi w`‡q cÖ‡ek K‡i-
K †ibvj wkiv L jwmKv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii  i, ii I iii
bvwj
M BD‡iUvi  †ibvj agwb
121. e„‡°i Ae¯’vb-
110. †KvbwU g~‡Îi i‡Oi Rb¨ `vqx iÄK i. D`i Mne‡ii †cQ‡b
c`v_©? ii. ürwc‡Êi Dc‡i
K wn‡gv‡Møvweb  iii. eÿwcćii wb‡P
BD‡iv‡µvg wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M A¨v‡š’v‡mvqvwbb N †cÖvwUb K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
111. WvqvjvBwmm wUD‡ei ˆewkó¨ 122. †`‡ni Rb¨ ÿwZKi BDwiqv-
†KvbwU? i. i‡³i mvnv‡h¨ hK…‡Z hvq
K †f`¨ c`©v  ii. i‡³i mvnv‡h¨ ürwc‡Ê hvq
ˆelg¨‡f`¨ c`©v iii. i‡³ cwi‡kvwaZ n‡q g~Î wn‡m‡e †`n
M A‡f`¨ c`©v N AvswkK ˆelg¨‡f`¨ †_‡K †ewi‡q hvq
112. GKRb c~Y©eq¯‹ gvby‡li ˆ`wnK IR‡bi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
KZfvM cvwb? K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K 20%-30% L 35%- 123. e„‡° cv_i Acmvi‡Yi wPwKrmv n‡jv-
45% i. AvëªvmwbK wj_wUªcwm Kiv
 45%-60% N 55%- ii. AwaK cvwb MÖnY I Jla †meb
65%
iii. e„‡° A‡¯¿vvcPvi K‡i cv_i AcmviY
113. GKRb ¯^vfvweK gvbyl cÖwZw`b KZ
wgwjwjUvi g~Î AcmviY K‡i? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L ii I iii M i, ii I iii  i I iii
K 10000 wgt wjt  1500 wgt wjt
M 2000 wgt wjt N 2500 wgt wjt
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : c`v_©  238
124. AvKw¯§K wKWbx weKj nIqvi KviY 129. wPÎwUi †ÿ‡Î ejv hvq-
n‡jv- i. GwU‡K BDwiwb‡divm bvwjKv ejv hvq
i. cvwb Kg cvb Kiv ii. GwU‡K †Møv‡giæjvi wdj‡UªU ˆZwi nq
ii. Wvqwiqv iii. GwU cÖavbZ `ywU As‡k wef³
iii. AwZwi³ i³ÿiY wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii  i, ii I iii
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 130 Ñ 132bs cÖ‡kœi
125. wKWwb‡Z cv_i nIqvi- DËi `vI :
i. jÿY n‡”Q †Kvg‡ii †cQ‡b e¨_v nIqv
ii. m¤¢vebv †g‡q‡`i †ÿ‡Î †ewk
iii. ci A‡¯¿vcPvi K‡i wPwKrmv Kiv hvq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
130. DÏxc‡K A wPwýZ As‡ki bvg Kx?
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K cÖw·gvj c¨vPv‡bv bvwjKv L wW÷vj
wb‡Pi wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ 126 I 127bs cÖ‡kœi
c¨vPv‡bv bvwjKv
DËi `vI :
 †Møv‡giæjvm N †evg¨vÝ
K¨vcmyj
131. A wPwýZ As‡ki KvR Kx?
K wbtmiY L †kvlY
 QuvKb N O2 I CO2 cwienb

126. A-wPwýZ AskwUi bvg Kx? 132. A + B= ?

K A¨vdv‡i›U AvU©vwiIj L
 †cjwfm L †gWzjv
M BD‡iUvi N †bd«b
msMÖvnK bvjx
M †evg¨vÝ K¨vcmyj  †ibvj Kicvmj
127. wPÎwUi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨-
wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ K‡i 133 I 134 bs cÖ‡kœi
i. `yB ai‡bi MVb †`Lv hvq
DËi `vI :
ii. AmsL¨ †bd«b wb‡q MwVZ
iii. Gi evB‡ii w`‡K AeZj †fZ‡ii w`‡K DËj
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges 128 I 129bs 133. wPÎ : X G nvBjvm w`‡q hvZvqvZ K‡i-
i. A I B
cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
ii. B I C
iii. C I A
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L ii I iii  i I iii N i, ii I iii
134. wPÎ : X Gi Ñ
i. K¨vcmyj bvgK Zš‘gq AveiY Av‡Q
128. wP‡Îi B we›`yi As‡ki bvg Kx?
ii. †cjwfm bvgK MnŸi Av‡Q
K †ibvj Kicvmj  †nbwji jyc
iii. evB‡ii w`‡K DËj I †fZ‡ii w`K AeZj
M cÖwµgvj cu¨vPv‡bv bvwjKv N
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
msMÖvnx bvwj
K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii  i, ii I iii

 enyc`x mgvwßm~PK iii. e„‡°i

cv_i AcmviY K‡i
enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb)
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
135. e„‡°i †Møv‡giyjv‡mi cÖavb KvR n‡jv- 137. e„° MwVZ nq
i. i³‡K cwimªyZ Kiv
ii. WvqvjvBwmm Kiv i. †ibvj Kicvmj wb‡q
iii. g~Î Drcv`b Kiv ii. †ibvj wUDweDj wb‡q
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb) iii. Ubwmj wb‡q
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb)
136. WvqvjvBwmm cÖwµqvwU  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
138. e„‡° cv_i n‡j †h DcmM©¸‡jv †`Lv †`q
i. e¨qeûj I mgqmv‡cÿ Ñ
ii. eR©¨ c`v_© AcmviY K‡i i. cÖmªv‡ei mv‡_ i³ hvIqv
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : c`v_©  239
ii. †Kvg‡i e¨_v nIqv 143. KvKwj †Nv‡li †Kvb A½wU weKj
iii. g~‡Îi is nvjKv njy`
nIqv n‡q‡Q? (cÖ‡qvM)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb) K ürwcÊ  e„°
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii
N i, ii I iii
M dzmdzm N hK…Z
 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb 144. KvKwj †Nv‡li my¯’ nIqvi Dcvq
cÖ‡kœvËi i. WvqvjvBwmm cÖwµqvq e„° mPj Kiv
wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K wb‡Pi 139 I 140bs cÖ‡kœi ii. e„° cÖwZ¯’vcb Kiv
DËi `vI : iii. dzmdzm cÖwZ¯’vcb Kiv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb)
 i I ii L i I iii
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

139. A wPwýZ A‡½i GKK †KvbwU?

(cÖ‡qvM)
wUmy¨  †bd«b M nvBjvm N BD‡iUvi
K
140. A As‡k ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’vq Rgv _v‡KÑ
(Abyaveb)
i. cvwb
ii. cv_i
iii. BD‡iv‡µvg
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 141 I 142 b¤^i
cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :

141. wP‡Îi A wPwýZ AskwUi bvg Kx?

(Abyaveb)
 K‡U©· L wUmy¨
M e„‡°i cv_i N
†bd«vBwUm
142. wP‡Îi A½wU †_‡K †ei nq-
i. bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ `~wlZ c`v_©
ii. i‡³i `~wlZ c`v_©
iii. †`‡ni welv³ c`v_©
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (D”PZi `ÿZv)
K i, ii L i, iii
M ii, iii  i, ii I iii

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 143 I 144bs

cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
KvKwj †Nvl †ek wKQzw`b †_‡K kvixwiK fv‡e
Amy¯’| nvmcvZv‡j fwZ© n‡j Wv³vi mv‡ne
cixÿv K‡i †`L‡jb `ywU e„° weKj n‡q †M‡Q|

cÖkœ-1  wb‡Pi wPÎ jÿ Ki Ges

cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : c`v_©  240
e„‡°i †Møv‡giæjv‡m Av‡m| GwU
QuvKwbi g‡Zv KvR K‡i i³ †_‡K cwimªyZ
Zij Drcbœ K‡i| †Møv‡giæjvm †_‡K i‡³i
eR©¨ c`v_©¸‡jv e„‡°i †ibvj wUDey¨‡ji
gva¨‡g e„‡°i †cjwf‡m P‡j Av‡m| GLv‡b
g~Î wnmv‡e mvgwqKfv‡e Rgv _v‡K|
wKš‘ i‡³i cÖ‡qvRbxq Dcv`vb †hgb :
i³KwYKv, cøvRgv †cÖvwUb i³bvjx‡Z
†_‡K hvq|
Gfv‡e e„° QvKwbi g‡Zv KvR K‡i
gvbe‡`n †_‡K ÿwZKi bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ
K. †gWyjv Kx?
eR©¨ c`v_©¸‡jv‡K AcmviY K‡i| GRb¨B
L. †Møv‡giæjvm ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
e„°‡K QuvKwbi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv nq|
M. wPÎ-A †K QuvKwbi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv
nq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| N. DÏxc‡Ki wPÎ-A GKwU e„‡°i j¤^‡”Q`| e„°
N. wPÎ-A weKj n‡j Kxfv‡e Gi weKj n‡j G‡K cÖwZ‡iva Kiv hvq-
cÖwZ‡iva e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡e WvqvjvBwmm I e„° cÖwZ¯’vcb K‡i|
gZvgZ `vI| WvqvjvBwmm : ˆeÁvwbK Dcv‡q i³
 1bs cª‡kœi DËi  cwi‡kvwaZ Kivi bvg WvqvjvBwmm|
mvaviYZ WvqvjvBwmm †gwk‡bi
K. gvbee„‡°i K¨vcmy‡ji †fZ‡ii Ask‡K mvnv‡h¨ agwb †_‡K wUD‡ei ga¨ w`‡q
†gWzjv e‡j| i³ WvqvjvBwmm wUD‡ei ga¨ w`‡q
L. e„‡°i †bd«‡bi gvjwcwRqvb A‡½i cÖevwnZ K‡i i³ cwi‡kvwaZ Kiv nq| Gi
†evg¨vÝ K¨vcmyj Øviv cwi‡ewóZ cÖvPxi AvswkK ˆelg¨‡f`¨ nIqvq
i³RvjK‡K †Møv‡giæjvm e‡j| †ibvj agwb BDwiqv, BDwiK GwmW I Ab¨vb¨
†_‡K m„ó A¨vdv‡i›U AvU©vwiIj ÿwZKi c`v_© evB‡i †ewi‡q Av‡m|
K¨vcmy‡ji †fZi Xz‡K cÖvq 50wU cwi‡kvwaZ i³ †ivMxi †`‡ni wkivi ga¨
ˆKwkKbvwjKv ˆZwi K‡i| G¸‡jv Avevi w`‡q †`‡ni †fZi cybivq cÖ‡ek K‡i| weKj
wef³ n‡q m~² i³RvwjKvi m„wó K‡i e„‡°i weKí wn‡m‡e Gfv‡e
†Møv‡giæjvm MVb K‡i| WvqvjvBwmm †gwk‡bi mvnv‡h¨
bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ ÿwZKi eR©¨ c`v_©
M. DÏxc‡Ki wPÎ A n‡jv gvbe‡`‡ni cÖavb
evB‡i wb®‹vwkZ Kiv nq| Z‡e GwU
†iPb A½ e„°| GwU gvbe‡`‡ni i³‡K
GKwU e¨qeûj I mgqmv‡cÿ cÖwµqv|
†Qu‡K bvB‡Uªv‡Rb RvZxq eR©¨c`v_©
cÖwZ¯’vcb : hLb †Kv‡bv e¨w³i
AcmviY K‡i e‡j G‡K QuvKwbi mv‡_
wKWwb weKj ev A‡K‡Rv n‡q c‡o ZLb
Zzjbv Kiv nq|
†Kv‡bv my¯’ e¨w³i wKWwb Zvi †`‡n
gvby‡li kix‡i wewfbœ wecvK wµqvi d‡j
cÖwZ¯’vcb Kiv hvq| ZLb Zv‡K wKWwb
wewfbœ eR©¨ c`v_© Drcbœ nq| Gme
ms‡hvRb e‡j| wKWwb ms‡hvRb
eR©¨ c`v_© i‡³ wgwkªZ Ae¯’vq _v‡K|
`yÕfv‡e Kiv hvq- †Kv‡bv wbKU
G c`v_©¸‡jv †hgb : BDwiqv, BDwiK
AvZ¥x‡qi wKWwb GKRb wKWwb
GwmW, wµ‡qwUwbb cÖf…wZ kix‡ii
†ivMxi †`‡n cÖwZ¯’vcb K‡i GwU Kiv
Rb¨ ÿwZKi ZvB †`n †_‡K `ªæZ
hvq| Z‡e wbKU AvZ¥xq ej‡Z evev, gv,
wb®‹vwkZ Ki‡Z nq| e„°w¯’Z †bd«b
fvB‡evb, gvgv, Lvjv †evSvq| Avevi
GKwU RwUj cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g
g„Ze¨w³i wKWwb wb‡q †ivMxi †`‡n
µgvMZfv‡e g~‡Îi gva¨‡g GB `~wlZ
cÖwZ¯’vcb Kiv hvq| g„Ze¨w³ ej‡Z
c`v_©¸‡jv‡K †`n †_‡K wb®‹vkb K‡i|
Ô†eªb †W_Õ †evSvq| GQvov gi‡YvËi
†bd«‡bi GKwU cÖavb Ask
e„° `v‡bi ØvivI weKj e„‡°i †ivMx‡K
†Møv‡giæjvm| Gme c`v_© i‡³i mv‡_
euvPv‡bv hvq|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : c`v_©  241

cÖkœ -2 î wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges Avevi wef³ n‡q m~² i³ RvwjKvi m„wó
cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : K‡i| Gme RvwjKvi ˆKwkK bvwjKv¸‡jv
wgwjZ n‡q Bdv‡i›U A¨vU©vwiI Drcbœ
K‡i Ges K¨vcmyj †_‡K †ei n‡q Av‡m|

DIALYSER
Y

Wvqvj vBR vi
†evg¨vÝ K¨vcmy‡ji †Møv‡giæjvm Ask
QuvKwbi g‡Zv KvR K‡i i³ †_‡K cwimªyZ
Zij Drcbœ K‡i| G Zij cieZ©x‡Z
K¨vcmy‡ji A½xq †`k †_‡K Drcbœ
X msMÖvnx bvwj †_‡K †ibvj wUDey¨‡j
K. †iPb c`v_© Kx? 1 P‡j hvq| GLv‡b cwimªyZ Zi‡ji cybt
L. Am‡gv‡i¸‡jkb ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 †kvlY N‡U| Gfv‡e i‡³i cwi‡kvab N‡U|
M. i³ cwi‡kva‡b ÒYÓ Gi Kvh©µg N. DÏxc‡Ki wPÎ `ywUi g‡a¨ Y n‡jv †bd«‡bi
e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 Ask †evg¨vÝ K¨vcmyj Ges X n‡jv
N. ÒXÓ I Ò YÓ Gi Kvh©µg WvqvjvBwmm †gwk‡bi WvqvjvBwmm
mv`„k¨c~Y© hyw³mn wUDe wb‡q MwVZ WvqvjvBRvi Ask|
we‡kølY Ki| 4 gvbe‡`‡ni †iPb c`v_©¸‡jv e„° †`n †_‡K
îí 2bs cª‡kœi DËi îí AcmviY K‡i| e„‡°i †bd«‡bi
†Møv‡giæjvm I †evg¨vÝ K¨vcmyj G
K. Rx‡ei †`n‡Kv‡l Drcbœ wecvKRvZ
KvRwU K‡i| †Møv‡giæjvm GK¸”Q
`~wlZ c`v_©¸‡jv‡K †iPb c`v_© e‡j|
ˆKwkK i³ RvwjKv w`‡q MwVZ Ges G‡K
L. †iPb cÖwµqvq †`n †_‡K AwZwi³ cvwb aviY K‡i wدÍiwewkó †cqvjvi g‡Zv
wb®‹vwkZ n‡q †`‡n cvwbi mgZv iÿv cÖmvwiZ Ask †evg¨vÝ K¨vcmyj|
nq| †`nvf¨šÍ‡i i³ †_‡K AwZwi³ cvwb †Møv‡giæjvm QuvKwbi g‡Zv KvR K‡i i³
wb®‹vkb Kivi gva¨‡g †`‡ni cvwbi †_‡K cwimªyZ Zij Drcbœ K‡i i³‡K
mgZv iÿv Kivi we‡kl c×wZ‡K cwi‡kvab K‡i|
Am‡gv‡i¸‡jkb ev cvwbi mgZv wbqš¿Y †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y e„° weKj ev A‡K‡Rv n‡q
c×wZ e‡j| e„° †bd«‡bi gva¨‡g †M‡j i³ cwi‡kvwaZ Kiv nq
cybt†kvlY cÖwµqvq †`‡n cvwbi mgZv WvqvjvBwmm †gwk‡bi mvnv‡h¨| GwU
eRvq iv‡L| GKwU K…wÎg e„° Ges e„‡°i g‡Zv GKB
bxwZ AbymiY K‡i| GLv‡b
M. DÏxc‡Ki Y n‡”Q e„‡°i †bd«‡bi Ask hvi
WvqvjvBRviwU e„‡°i †evg¨vÝ
bvg †evg¨vÝ K¨vcmyj| cÖwZwU †bd«b K¨vcmy‡ji g‡Zv KvR K‡i| agwb †_‡K
GKwU †ibvj Kicvmj Ges †ibvj wUDey¨j wUD‡ei ga¨ w`‡q i³ WvqvjvBRv‡ii
wb‡q MwVZ| cÖwZwU †ibvj Kicvmj WvqvjvBwmm wUD‡ei ga¨ w`‡q
†Møv‡giæjvm Ges †evg¨vÝ K¨vcmyj G cÖevwnZ Kiv‡bv nq| Gi cÖvPxi
`ywU As‡k wef³| wP‡Îi Y n‡”Q †evg¨vÝ AvswkK ˆelg¨‡f`¨ nIqvq i‡³i hveZxq
K¨vcmyj| GwU wدÍiwewkó †cqvjvi †iPb c`v_© evB‡i WvqvjvBwmm
g‡Zv cÖmvwiZ GKwU Ask| Gi †fZ‡ii d¬z‡q‡Wi g‡a¨ †ewi‡q Av‡m|
AskwU GK¸”Q ˆKwkK RvwjKv w`‡q cwi‡kvwaZ i³ †ivMxi †`‡ni wkivi ga¨
ˆZwi hvi bvgÑ †Møv‡giæjvm| †ibvj w`‡q cybivq †`‡ni g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek K‡i|
agwbi GKwU kvLv K¨vcmy‡ji g‡a¨ GLv‡b WvqvjvBRv‡ii wUDewU †evg¨vÝ
cÖ‡ek K‡i m~² i³ RvwjKvi m„wó K‡i K¨vcmy‡ji †Møv‡giæjv‡mi A¨vdv‡i›U
A¨vdv‡i›U AvU©vwiIj m„wó K‡i| G¸‡jv
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : c`v_©  242
Ges Bdv‡i›U AvU©vwiIj Gi g‡Zv KvR cybivq cÖ‡ek K‡i| D‡jøL¨
K‡i i³‡K cwi‡kvwaZ K‡i| WvqvjvBwmm wUDewU Ggb GKwU
myZivs Dc‡ii we‡kølYg~jK Av‡jvPbv Av‡jvi g‡a¨ Wzev‡bv _v‡K hvi MVb i‡³i
†_‡K cÖwZqgvb nq †h DÏxc‡Ki X I Y Gi cøvRgvi Abiƒc nq|
DcwiD³ c×wZ‡Z WvqvjvBwmm †gwk‡bi
Kvh©µg mv`„k¨c~Y©|
mvnv‡h¨ bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ ÿwZKi
cÖkœ -3 î wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges eR©¨ c`v_© wb®‹vkb K‡i nvbœvb
cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : mv‡ne‡K my¯’ ivLv nq|
`xN©w`b Wvqv‡ewU‡mi Kvi‡Y nvbœvb N. D³ cÖwµqv n‡jv †iPb hv wewNœZ n‡j
mv‡n‡ei wKWwb m¤ú~Y© A‡K‡Rv n‡q bvbv iKg kvixwiK RwUjZv GgbwK
†M‡Q| Zv‡K my¯’ ivL‡Z †gwk‡bi mvnv‡h¨ g„Zz¨ ch©šÍ NU‡Z cv‡i|
Zvi i³ cwi‡kvab Ki‡Z nq| †iPb gvbe †`‡ni GKwU ˆRweK cÖwµqv
hvi gva¨‡g †`‡n wecvK cÖwµqvq
K. †bd«b Kx? 1
Drcbœ bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ ÿwZKi eR©¨
L. †nbwji jyc ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 c`v_©¸‡jv g~‡Î wb®‹vwkZ nq| g~‡Î
M. nvbœvb mv‡ne‡K my¯’ ivLvi BDwiqv, BDwiK GwmW, A¨v‡gvwbqv,
M„nxZ c×wZwU e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 wµ‡qwUwbb BZ¨vw`
bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ c`v_© _v‡K| G¸‡jv
gvbe‡`‡ni Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ ÿwZKi| †iP‡bi
gva¨‡g †`‡ni Gme welv³ I ÿwZKi eR©¨
N. D³ cÖwµqv e¨vnZ n‡j my¯’
c`v_© wb®‹vwkZ n‡q †`‡ni
Rxebhvcb Am¤¢eÑ hyw³mn kvixie„Ëxq fvimvg¨ iwÿZ nq| †`‡ni G
we‡kølY Ki| 4 mKj eR©¨c`v_©¸‡jv kix‡i †Kv‡bv
 3bs cª‡kœi DËi  Kvi‡Y Rg‡Z _vK‡j bvbviKg AmyL †`Lv
†`q, cieZx©‡Z g„Zz¨ ch©šÍ NU‡Z cv‡i|
K. e„‡°i BDwiwb‡divm bvwjKvi ÿiYKvix
ZvQvov gvbe‡`‡ni hveZxq kvixie„wËK
Ask I Kvwh©K GKK n‡jv †bd«b| KvR m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ †`‡n cwiwgZ cvwb
L. †bd«‡bi †evg¨vÝ K¨vcmy‡ji A¼xq †`k _vKv Acwinvh©| †`‡ni cvwbmvg¨
†_‡K msMÖvnx bvwj ch©šÍ we¯Í„Z wbqš¿‡Y †iPb cÖwµqv cÖavb f‚wgKv
PIov bvwjKvwU‡K †ibvj wUDey¨j e‡j| cvjb K‡i| G‡Z cybt‡kvlY cÖwµqvq †`‡n
cvwbi mgZv eRvq _v‡K| †`‡n cvwbi
cÖwZwU †ibvj wUDey¨j 3wU As‡k
cwigvY †e‡o †M‡j i³ †ewk Zij n‡q hvq|
wef³| wZbwU As‡ki g‡a¨ m¤§yL I cðvr
G‡Z †`‡n bvbviKg RwUjZv m„wó nq|
cu¨vPv‡bv bvwjKvi gv‡S U AvK… †hgb : i‡³ bvB‡Uªv‡Rb AvwaK¨, †Kv‡li
wZwewkó AskB †nbwji jyc| g~jZ †kvlY ÿwZ, i³ msen‡b e¨_©Zv BZvw`|
KivB Gi cÖavb KvR| Kv‡RB †iPb cÖwµqv †_‡g †M‡j g~Î
M. nvbœvb mv‡ne‡K my¯’ ivLvi M„nxZ Z¨v‡Mi mgm¨v †`Lv hv‡e I i‡³
c×wZwU n‡jv WvqvjvBwmm| wK‡qvwUwbb e„w× cv‡e hv e¨w³i
e„° m¤ú~Y© A‡K‡Rv ev weKj nevi ci kix‡ii Rb¨ gvivZ¥K ÿwZKi|
mvaviYZ WvqvjvBwmm †gwk‡bi Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbv †_‡K cÖZxqgvb nq D³
mvnv‡h¨ i³ cwi‡kvwaZ Kiv nq| G cÖwµqv e¨vnZ n‡j my¯’ Rxebhvcb
†gwkbwUi WvqvjvBwmm wUDewUi GK Am¤¢e|
cÖvšÍ †ivMxi nv‡Zi Kwâi agwbi mv‡_ I cÖkœ -4 î wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges
Ab¨ cÖvß H nv‡Zi Kwâi wkivi mv‡_ cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
ms‡hvRb Kiv nq| agwb †_‡K wUD‡ei
ga¨ w`‡q i³ WvqvjvBwmm wUD‡ei ga¨
w`‡q cÖevwnZ Kiv‡bv nq| Gi cÖvPxi
AvswkK ˆelg¨‡f`¨ nIqvq BDwiqv,
w
PÎ -A w
PÎ -B
BDwiK GwmW I Ab¨vb¨ ÿwZKi c`v_©
evB‡i †ewi‡q Av‡m| cwi‡kvwaZ i³ K. DÏxc‡Ki B-wPÎwU wK‡mi? 1
†ivMxi †`‡ni wkivi ga¨ w`‡q †`‡ni †fZi L. †iPb c`v_© ej‡Z Kx †evS?
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : c`v_©  243
e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 †_‡K ÿwZKi bvB‡Uªv‡Rb RvZxq eR©¨
M. DÏxc‡Ki wPÎ-A Gi KvR eY©bv Ki|3 c`v_© AcmviY K‡i|
N. wPÎ-A weKj n‡j Kxfv‡e Gi N. wPÎ-A n‡jv e„°| GwU gvbe‡`‡ni cÖavb
cÖwZKvi Kiv hvq? eY©bv Ki| 4
†iPb A½| G A½wU weKj n‡j
îí 4bs cª‡kœi DËi îí WvqvjvBwmm I e„° cÖwZ¯’vc‡bi
K. DÏxc‡Ki B wPÎwU gvbe †iPbZ‡š¿i| gva¨‡g cÖwZKvi Kiv hvq|
L. †iPb c`v_© ej‡Z g~jZ e„° weKj n‡j, ˆeÁvwbK c×wZ‡Z i³
bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ eR©¨ c`v_©‡K cwi‡kvwaZ Kivi bvg WvqvjvBwmm|
†evSvq| mvaviYZ WvqvjvBwmm †gwk‡bi
gvbe‡`‡ni †iPb c`v_© g~‡Îi gva¨‡g mvnv‡h¨ i³ cwi‡kvwaZ Kiv nq| G
kixi †_‡K †ei n‡q Av‡m| g~‡Îi cÖvq †gwkbwUi WvqvjjvBwmm wUDewUi
90% n‡jv cvwb| Ab¨vb¨ Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ GK cÖvšÍ †ivMxi nv‡Z KewRi agwbi
i‡q‡Q BDwiqv, BDwiK GwmW, mv‡_ I Ab¨ cÖvšÍ H nv‡Zi KewRi wkivi
wµ‡qwUwbb I wewfbœ ai‡bi jeY| G¸‡jv mv‡_ ms‡hvRb Kiv nq| agwb †_‡K
meB †iPb c`v_©| wUD‡ei ga¨ w`‡q i³ WvqvjvBwmm
wUD‡ei ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ Kiv‡bv nq|
M. DÏxc‡Ki wP‡Î A AskwU n‡jv e„°| Gi cÖvPxi AvswkK ˆelg¨‡f`¨ nIqvq
g~‡Î BDwiqv, BDwiK GwmW, BDwiqv, BDwiK GwmW I Ab¨vb¨
A¨v‡gvwbqv, wµ‡qwUwbb BZ¨vw` ÿwZKi c`v_© evB‡i †ewi‡q Av‡m|
bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ c`v_© _v‡K| G¸‡jv cwi‡kvwaZ i³ †ivMxi †`‡ni wkivi ga¨
gvbe‡`‡ni Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ ÿwZKi| Gme w`‡q †`‡ni †fZi cybivq cÖ‡ek K‡i|
cÖ‡qvRbxq I ÿwZKi eR©¨ c`v_© g~‡Îi Aciw`‡K †Kv‡bv e¨w³i e„° weKj n‡q
gva¨‡g Acmvi‡Y e„° AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© co‡j ZLb †Kv‡bv my¯’ e¨w³i e„° Zvi
f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| e„°w¯’Z †bd«b GKwU †`‡n cÖwZ¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g †ivMx‡K
RwUj cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g µgvMZfv‡e g~Î my¯’ K‡i †Zvjv †h‡Z cv‡i| G cÖwµqvwU
Drcbœ K‡i| Drcbœ g~Î msMÖvnx `yfv‡e Kiv hvq| wbKU AvZ¥x‡qi A_ev
bvwjKvi gva¨‡g e„‡°i †cjwf‡m g„Z e¨w³i wKWwb wb‡q cÖwZ¯’vcb
†cuŠQvq Ges †cjwfm †_‡K BD‡iUv‡ii K‡i GwU Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| wbKU AvZ¥xq
dv‡bj AvK…wZi cÖk¯Í Ask †e‡q ej‡Z evev, gv, fvB †evb, gvgv, Lvjv
BD‡iUv‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i| BD‡iUvi †_‡K g~Î G‡`i †evSvq| gi‡YvËi P¶z`v‡bi g‡Zv
g~Î_wj‡Z Av‡m Ges mvgwqKfv‡e Rgv e„° `v‡bi gva¨‡g e„° weKj †ivMxi Rxeb
_v‡K| g~Î_wj g~Î Øviv cwic~Y© n‡j euvPv‡bv m¤¢e|
g~Î Z¨v‡Mi B”Qv Rv‡M Ges g~Î_wji AZGe, DcwiD³ cÖwµqvq wP‡Î A ev e„°
wb‡Pi w`‡K Aew¯’Z wQ`ªc‡_ †`‡ni weKj n‡j Zvi cÖwZKvi Kiv hvq|
evB‡i †ewi‡q Av‡m| Gfv‡e e„° gvbe‡`n

cÖkœ-5  wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ K‡i

cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : c`v_©  244
L. †iPb c`v_© ej‡Z g~jZ
bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ eR©¨ c`v_©‡K
†evSvq| gvbe‡`‡ni †iPb c`v_© g~‡Îi
gva¨‡g kixi †_‡K †ei n‡q Av‡m| g~‡Îi
cÖvq 90% n‡jv cvwb| Ab¨vb¨ Dcv`v‡bi
g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q BDwiqv, BDwiK GwmW,
wµ‡qwUwbb I wewfbœ ai‡bi jeY|
M. DÏxc‡Ki A½wU n‡jv gvbe‡`‡ni †iPb A½
e„° hvi GKK n‡jv †bd«b| †bd«‡bi
K. gvbe e„‡°i AvK…wZ †Kgb? 1 wPwýZ wPÎ wbgœiƒc :
L. †iPb c`v_© ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki A½wUi GK‡Ki wPwýZ
wPÎ AuvK| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki A½wU weKj n‡j Zzwg
Kx ai‡bi cÖwZKvi e¨e¯’v MÖnY
Ki‡e Av‡jvPbv Ki| 4
 5bs cª‡kœi DËi 
K. gvbe e„‡°i AvK…wZ wkg wewPi g‡Zv|

N. m„Rbkxj 4(N) bs cÖ‡kœi DËi †`L|

cÖkœ-6  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o cÖwZwU e„‡°i AvK…wZ wkgwewPi

cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : g‡Zv Ges Gi is jvj‡P nq| e„‡°i evB‡ii
†iPb gvbe‡`‡ni Ab¨Zg ˆRweK cÖwµqv| w`K DËj I †fZ‡ii w`K AeZj| AeZj As‡ki
we‡kl A‡½i gva¨‡g †`‡n Drcbœ eR©¨ fvuR‡K nvBjvm e‡j| †cjwfm †_‡K `ywU
c`v_© †ei K‡i †`qvi bvgB †iPb| GB we‡kl BD‡iUvi †ei n‡q g~Îvk‡q cÖ‡ek K‡i|
nvBjv‡mi †fZi †_‡K BD‡iUvi I †ibvj wkiv
A‡½i ¶z`ªZg GK‡Ki gva¨‡g i³ †_‡K eR©¨
†ei nq Ges †ibvj agwb e„‡° cÖ‡ek K‡i|
c`v_© c„_K n‡q hvq|
BD‡iUv‡ii dv‡bj AvK…wZi cÖk¯Í Ask‡K
K. g~‡Îi KZfvM cvwb? 1 †cjwfm e‡j| e„° m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c GK ai‡bi
L. ax‡i ax‡i wKWwb weKj nevi Zš‘gq AveiY w`‡q †ewóZ _v‡K| G‡K
KviY¸‡jv Kx Kx? 2 K¨vcmyj e‡j| K¨vcmyj msjMœ Ask‡K
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ we‡kl A½wUi K‡U©· Ges †fZ‡ii Ask‡K †gWzjv e‡j|
MVb eY©bv Ki| 3 Dfq AÂjB †hvRK Kjv Ges i³evnx bvwj
N. D³ A½wU m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c weKj n‡j w`‡q MwVZ| †gWzjvq mvaviYZ 8-
Kxfv‡e wPwKrmv †`Iqvi 12wU †ibvj wcivwgW _v‡K| G‡`i
cÖ‡qvRb coZ e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki| 4 AMÖfvM cÖmvwiZ n‡q wcoKv MVb
 6bs cª‡kœi DËi  K‡i| Gme wcoKv mivmwi †cjwf‡m
Db¥y³ nq| cÖwZwU e„‡° we‡kl GK
K. g~‡Îi cÖvq 90 fvM cvwb| ai‡bi bvwjKv _v‡K hv‡K BDwiwb‡divm
L. ax‡i ax‡i wKWwb weKj nevi KviY¸‡jv bvwjKv e‡j| cÖwZwU BDwiwb‡divm
n‡jvÑ bvwjKv `ywU cÖavb As‡k wef³, h_v :
i) †bd«vBwUm †bd«b I msMÖvnx bvwjKv| †bd«b g~Î
ii) Wvqv‡ewUm ˆZwi K‡i Avi msMÖvnx bvwjKv †ibvj
iii) D”P i³Pvc †cjwf‡m g~Î enb K‡i|
iv) wKWwb‡Z cv_i| N. m„Rbkxj 4(N) bs cÖ‡kœi DËi †`L|
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ we‡kl A½wU n‡jv
gvbe‡`‡ni †iPb A½ e„° ev wKWwb| cÖkœ-7  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o
cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : c`v_©  245
ing‡Zi cÖmªve Kg nq| gv‡S gv‡S R¡i nq| IRb wbqš¿‡Y ivL‡Zb Zvn‡j G
nVvr Zvi †Kvg‡i e¨_v Ges cÖmªve eÜ nq mgm¨vwU Gov‡Z cvi‡Zb|
†Mj| Wv³v‡ii Kv‡Q †M‡j Wv³vi K‡qKwU 3. AwZwi³ cÖvwYR Avwgl †hgb :
cixÿv Kivi ci ejj Zvi e„‡° cv_i n‡q‡Q| gvsm, wWg cÖf…wZ e„‡°i cv_i
†iv‡Mi Rb¨ `vqx| wZwb Gme Lvevi
K. e„° Kx? 1
Lye Aí cwigv‡Y MÖnY Ki‡j G
L. gvbe‡`‡n e„‡°i Ae¯’vb D‡jøL Ki|2 mgm¨v Gov‡Z cvi‡Zb|
M. ing‡Zi e„‡° cv_i nIqvi KviY¸‡jv 4. cvb, mycvwi, R`©v Z_v ZvgvK
Kx Kx n‡Z cv‡i? Av‡jvPbv Ki| 3 RvZxq c`v_© e„‡°i Rb¨ ÿwZKi|
N. ingZ mv‡ne GKUz mZK© n‡jB Gme c`v_© MÖnY bv Ki‡j wZwb G
mgm¨vwU Gov‡Z cvi‡Zb mgm¨v Gov‡Z cvi‡Zb|
we‡kølY Ki| 4 5. Av‡jvevZvmhy³ ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z ¯’v‡b
emevm K‡i wZwb G mgm¨v Gov‡Z
 7bs cª‡kœi DËi  cvi‡Zb|
K. e„° n‡jv †giæ`Êx cÖvYxi †iPb A½| DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbv n‡Z ejv hvq †h, GKUz
L. gvbe‡`‡ni D`i MnŸ‡ii †cQ‡bi Ask Ges mZK©Zv Aej¤^b K‡i ˆ`bw›`b Kvh©µg
†giæ`‡Êi `yB w`‡K eÿwcćii wb‡P c„ô Ki‡jB ingZ mv‡ne G mgm¨vwU A_©vr
cÖvPxi msjMœ Ae¯’vq `ywU e„° e„‡°i cv_i †ivMwU Gov‡Z cvi‡Zb|
Ae¯’vb K‡i| cÖkœ-8  wb‡Pi wPÎ †`‡L cÖkœ¸‡jvi
M. ing‡Zi e„‡° bvbv Kvi‡Y ¯^vfvweK Kv‡R DËi `vI :
weNœ NUvi Kvi‡Y cv_i m„wó n‡Z cv‡i|
mvaviYZ †g‡q‡`i †_‡K cyiæ‡li e„‡° cv_i
nevi m¤¢vebv †ewk| GQvov AwZwi³
kvixwiK IRb, e„‡°i msµgY †ivM, Kg
cvwb cvb Ki‡j, AwZwi³ cÖvwYR
†cÖvwUb †hgb : gvsm I wWg †L‡j e„‡°
cv_i nevi m¤¢vebv _v‡K|
ingZ m¤¢eZ cvwb Kg †LZ wKš‘
cÖvwYR †cÖvwUb †ewk †LZ GwU Zvi K. e„‡° cÖ‡ekKvix agwbi bvg Kx? 1
e„‡° cv_i m„wó nIqvi GKwU KviY n‡Z L. e„‡° cv_i n‡j Kx Kx DcmM©
cv‡i| GQvov †m hw` †iPbZ‡š¿i †Kv‡bv †`Lv †`q? 2
e¨vwa‡Z AvµvšÍ n‡q `xN©w`b a‡i M. wPÎ ÒCÓ Gi gvjwcwRqvb A‡½i
fy‡M _v‡K Zvn‡jI Zvi e„‡° cv_i n‡Z MVb wPÎmn eY©bv Ki| 3
cv‡i| N. wPÎ Ò BÓ I Ò CÓ Kxfv‡e
e„‡°i cv_i hw` BD‡iUv‡i P‡j Av‡m gvbe‡`n‡K my¯’ iv‡L e¨vL¨v Ki|4
Zvn‡j cÖPzi cvwb I Ilya †me‡b cv_i
AcmviY Kiv hvq| GQvov e„° †_‡K
 8bs cª‡kœi DËi 
AvaywbK c×wZ‡Z BD‡U‡iv‡¯‹vwcK K. e„‡° cÖ‡ekKvix agwbi bvg n‡jv †ibvj
AvëªvmwbK wj_wUªcwm Øviv A‡¯¿v agwb|
cvPvi K‡i cv_i AcmviY Kiv hvq| L. e„‡° cv_i n‡j wb‡gœi DcmM©¸‡jv †`Lv
N. ingZ mv‡n‡ei e„‡° cv_i n‡q‡Q| wZwb †`qÑ (1) †Kvg‡ii †cQ‡b e¨_v n‡e, (2)
wKQz wel‡q GKUz mZK© n‡jB A‡bK mgq Kuvcybx w`‡q R¡i Av‡m, (3)
mgm¨vwU Gov‡Z cvi‡Zb| †hgbÑ A‡b‡Ki cÖmªv‡ei mv‡_ i³ †ei nq|
1. e„°‡K mRxe I m‡ZR ivLvi Rb¨ cvwb M. wP‡Î C wPwýZ AskwU n‡jv e„‡°i
¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv iv‡L| Gi gva¨‡g Kvwh©K GKK †bd«b| wb‡P Gi
†h †iPb c`v_© g~Î wn‡m‡e †ei nq gvjwcwRqvb A‡½i MVb wPÎmn eY©bv
Zvi 90 fvMB cvwb| wZwb hw` Kiv n‡jv :
cÖPzi cwigv‡Y cvwb cvb Ki‡Zb
Zvn‡j G mgm¨vwU Gov‡Z cvi‡Zb|
2. AwZwi³ kvixwiK IRb e„‡°i cv_i
†iv‡Mi Rb¨ `vqx| wZwb hw`
kvixwiK m‡PZb ivL‡Zb Ges kvixwiK
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : c`v_©  246
K. K¨vcmyj Kx? 1
L. BDwiwb‡divm bvwjKvi Ask¸‡jvi
KvR Kx? 2
M. †iPb c`v_© Kxfv‡e A n‡Z B-G
†cŠuQvq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N. †`n my¯’ ivL‡Z wP‡Îi Zš¿wUi
cÖwZwU †bd«b GKwU †ibvj Kicvmj ev ¸iæZ¡ we‡kølY Ki| 4
gvjwcwRqvb A½ Ges †ibvj wUDey¨j  9bs cª‡kœi DËi 
wb‡q MwVZ| cÖwZwU gvjwcwRqvb
A½ Avevi †Møv‡giæjvm Ges †evg¨vÝ K. e„° †h Zš‘gq AveiY w`‡q m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c
K¨vcmyj G `ywU As‡k wef³| †evg¨vÝ †ewóZ _v‡K ZvB K¨vcmyj|
K¨vcmyj †Møv‡giæjvm‡K †eób K‡i L. BDwiwb‡divm bvwjKv `ywU cÖavb
_v‡K| †evgvÝ K¨vcmyj wدÍiwewkó
As‡k wef³| wb‡gœ G‡`i KvR D‡jøL Kiv
†cqvjvi g‡Zv cÖmvwiZ GKwU Ask|
†Møv‡giæjvm GK¸”Q ˆKwkK RvwjKv n‡jv :
w`‡q ˆZwi| i. †bd«b-Gi KvR  g~Î ˆZwi Kiv|
ii. msMÖvnx bvwjKvi KvR - †ibvj
N. B I C wPwýZ Ask n‡jv h_vµ‡g e„‡°i
†cjwfm I †bd«b| Giv gvbe‡`‡ni Rb¨ †cjwf‡m g~Î enb Kiv|
ÿwZKi I AcÖ‡qvRbxq eR©¨ c`v_© M. wP‡Îi 'A' †ibvj agwb Ges 'B' n‡jv
g~‡Îi gva¨‡g AcmviY K‡i gvbe‡`n‡K g~Îbvwj| †ibvj agwb n‡Z †iPb c`v_©
my¯’ iv‡L| g~Îbvwj‡Z wbgœiƒ‡c †cuŠQvq|
e„‡°i AÂj As‡ki fuvR nvBjv‡m Aew¯’Z
MnŸiwUB n‡jv †cjwfm| †bd«b GKwU bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ eR©¨ c`v_© i‡³i
RwUj cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g µgvMZfv‡e g~Î gva¨‡g †ibvj agwbi gva¨‡g †iPb A½
Drcbœ K‡i| Drcbœ g~Î msMÖvnx e„‡° cÖ‡ek K‡i| †ibvj agwb e„‡°i
bvwjKvi gva¨‡g e„‡°i †cjwf‡m †bd«‡bi †ibvj Kicvm‡ji †fZi cÖ‡ek K‡i
†cuŠQvq Ges †cjwfm †_‡K BD‡iUv‡ii ˆKwkK bvwjKvq wef³ nq Ges AmsL¨
dv‡bj AvK…wZi cÖk¯Í Ask †e‡q m~² i³bvwjKvi m„wó K‡i| G AskwU‡K
BD‡iUv‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i| BD‡iUvi †_‡K g~Î †Møv‡giæjvm e‡j| †Møv‡giæjvm
g~Î_wj‡Z Av‡m Ges mvgwqKfv‡e Rgv
QuvKwbi g‡Zv KvR K‡i i³ †_‡K cwimªyZ
_v‡K| g~Î_wj g~Î Øviv cwic~Y© n‡j g~Î
Z¨v‡Mi B”Qv Rv‡M Ges g~Î_wji wb‡Pi Zij Drcbœ K‡i| GB cwimªyZ Zij †bd«‡bi
w`‡K Aew¯’Z wQ`ªc‡_ †`‡ni evB‡i cieZx© Ask †ibvj wUDey¨j n‡q
†ewi‡q Av‡m| msMÖvnx bvwj‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î
Gfv‡e e„°w¯’Z ÒBÓ I ÒCÓ wPwýZ Ask cÖ‡qvRbxq cybt‡kvlY †k‡l cwimªyZ Zij
A_©vr †cjwfm I †bd«b gvbe‡`n †_‡K †_‡K †h g~Î ˆZwi nq Zv e„‡°i MnŸi
Giƒ‡c bvB‡Uªv‡Rb RvZxq ÿwZKi eR©¨ †cjwf‡m †cŠuQvq Ges †cjwfm †_‡K
c`v_© AcmviY K‡i gvbe‡`n‡K my¯’
BD‡iUvi-G cÖ‡ek K‡i| BD‡iUvi bvwj
iv‡L|
†_‡K g~Î g~Î_wj‡Z Av‡m Ges
cÖkœ-9  wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges mvgwqKfv‡e Rgv _v‡K| g~Î_wj g~Î
cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : Øviv c~Y© n‡j g~Î Z¨v‡Mi B”Qv Rv‡M
Ges g~Î_wji wb‡Pi w`‡K Aew¯’Z
wQ`ªc‡_ †`‡ni evB‡i g~Î †ewi‡q Av‡m|
Gfv‡eB †iPb c`v_© i‡³i gva¨‡g A c‡_
A_©vr †ibvj agwbi gva¨‡g e„‡° cÖ‡ek
K‡i I GLv‡b Zv g~‡Î cwiYZ nq Ges B c‡_
g~Î_wji g~Îbvwji gva¨‡g †`‡ni evB‡i
Av‡m|
N. wP‡Îi Zš¿wU n‡jv †iPbZš¿, †`n my¯’
ivL‡Z Gi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg|
†`‡n msNwUZ wecvK cÖwµqvq †hme
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb NwUZ eR©¨ Drcbœ nq
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : c`v_©  247
Zv †`n †_‡K wb®‹vkb nIqv AwZ L. Am‡gv‡i¸‡jkb ej‡Z †`nvf¨šÍ‡i i³ †_‡K
Riæwi| †`‡ni Gme eR©¨ kix‡i †Kv‡bv AwZwi³ cvwb wb®‹vkb Kivi gva¨‡g
Kvi‡Y Rg‡Z _vK‡j bvbv iKg AmyL †`Lv †`‡ni cvwbi mgZv iÿv Kivi we‡kl
†`q, cieZx©‡Z hv g„Zz¨i KviY n‡Z c×wZ‡K ev cvwbi mgZv wbqš¿Y
cv‡i| c×wZ‡K †evSvq| G cÖwµqvq †`n †_‡K
wP‡Îi †iPbZš¿ gvbe‡`‡ni AwZwi³ cvwb wb®‹vwkZ n‡q †`‡n
bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ wecvKxq eR©¨ †ei cvwbi mgZv iÿv nq|
K‡i w`‡q †`n‡K welgy³ K‡i| †iPbZ‡š¿i M. A n‡jv †bd«b hv e„‡°i MvVwbK I
gva¨‡g kix‡ii AwZwi³ cvwb, jeY I Kvh©Kix GKK| DÏxc‡Ki wP‡Î A Øviv
wewfbœ ˆRe c`v_© †`n n‡Z †ei n‡q GKwU †bd«‡bi Ae¯’vb‡K †`Lv‡bv
†`‡ni kvixie„Ëxq fvimvg¨ iwÿZ nq| n‡q‡Q|
†iPbZ‡š¿i Ab¨Zg A½ n‡jv e„°| e„° cÖwZwU †bd«b GKwU †ibvj Kicvmj ev
gvbe‡`‡n †mvwWqvg, gvbe‡`‡ni i³Pvc gvjwcwRqvb A½ Ges †ibvj wUDey¨j
wbqš¿Y K‡i| GQvovI e„° cUvwmqvg, wb‡q MwVZ| cÖwZwU †ibvj Kicvmj
Avevi †Møv‡giæjvm Ges †evg¨vÝ
†K¬vivBW BZ¨vw`i cwigvY wbqš¿Y
K¨vcmyj G `ywU As‡k wef³| †evg¨vÝ
K‡i| e„° cvwb, A¤ø I ÿv‡ii fvimvg¨ iÿv K¨vcmyj †Møv‡giæjvm‡K †eób K‡i
K‡i| gvbe‡`‡n hveZxq kvixie„Ëxq KvR _v‡K| †evg¨vÝ K¨vcmyj wدÍiwewkó
m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ †`‡n cwiwgZ cwigv‡Y †cqvjvi g‡Zv cÖmvwiZ GKwU Ask|
cvwb _vKv Acwinvh©| g~jZ †iPbZ‡š¿i †Møv‡giæjvm GK¸”Q ˆKwkKRvwjKv
Øviv ˆZwiK…Z g~‡Îi gva¨‡gB me‡P‡q w`‡q ˆZwi|
†ewk cvwb †`n †_‡K †ewi‡q hvq| †evg¨vÝ K¨vcmy‡ji A¼xq‡`k †_‡K
Kv‡RB †`‡ni cvwbmvg¨ wbqš¿‡Y msMÖvnx bvwj ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z PIov
A_©vr Am‡gv‡i¸‡jk‡b e„° cÖavb bvwjKvwU‡K †ibvj wUDey¨j e‡j|
f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| cÖwZwU †ibvj wUDey¨j 3wU As‡k
†h‡nZz e„° wbqš¿‡Yi gva¨‡g cybt‡kvlY wef³| h_v : †Mvov‡`kxq cu¨vPv‡bv
cÖwµqvq †`‡n cvwbi mgZv iv‡L| bvwjKv, †nbwji jyc I cÖvšÍxq
Kv‡RB †`n my¯’ ivL‡Z wP‡Îi Zš¿wU cu¨vPv‡bv bvwjKv|
gvbe‡`‡ni Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| N. DÏxc‡Ki wP‡Î C wPwýZ bvwj Øviv †ibvj
wkiv wPwýZ K‡i i‡³i MwZc_ †`Lv‡bv
cÖkœ-10  wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges n‡q‡Q| Drcbœ bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ eR©¨
cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : Z_v g~‡Îi MwZc_ D Øviv wPwýZ Kiv
n‡q‡Q, hv BD‡iUvi n‡q g~Î_wji w`‡K
hvq|
gvbee„‡° †h †ibvj agwb cÖ‡ek K‡i Zv
†_‡K m„ó A¨vdv‡i›U AvU©vwiIj
†bd«‡bi (wP‡Îi A) K¨vcmy‡j cÖ‡ek K‡i
ˆKwkK i³ bvwjKvq wef³ nq, hv
†Møv‡giæjvm bv‡g cwiwPZ| GLv‡b
†Møv‡giæjvm QuvKwbi g‡Zv KvR Kivq
i³ cwimªyZ Zij ˆZwi K‡i| GwU †ibvj
K. WvqvjvBwmm Kx? 1 K¨vcmyj n‡q cieZx©‡Z †ibvj wUDey¨j
L. Am‡gv‡i¸‡jkb ej‡Z Kx †evS? 2 n‡q msMÖvnx bvwj‡Z †cŠuQvq Ges
M. A Gi MVb eY©bv Ki| 3 g~Î Drcbœ K‡i| g~Î cieZ©x‡Z
N. C I D c‡_ mswkøó c`v_© msMÖvnx bvwj n‡q e„‡°i MnŸi
wbM©g‡bi cv_©K¨ we‡kølY Ki| 4 †cjwf‡m †cuŠQvq| †cjwfm n‡Z g~Î
 10bs cª‡kœi DËi  BD‡iUvi n‡q g~Î_wj‡Z mwÂZ nq- hv
K. e„° m¤ú~Y© A‡K‡Rv ev weKj nevi ci g~Îbvwji gva¨‡g †`‡ni evB‡i wbM©Z
ˆeÁvwbK Dcv‡q i³ cwi‡kvab KivB n‡jv nq| Ab¨w`‡K †bd«‡bi †ibvj K¨vcmyj
WvqvjvBwmm| †_‡K †h Bdv‡i›U AvU©vwiIj †ei n‡q
Av‡m Zv K¨vcmy‡ji g‡a¨ i‡³i eR©¨
AcmviY K‡i weï× i³ wb‡q Av‡m Ges
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : c`v_©  248
wewfbœ †bd«b †_‡K AvMZ GB i³bvwj  11bs cª‡kœi DËi 
†ibvj wkiv (wP‡Î C) MV‡bi gva¨‡g e„°
n‡Z †ei n‡q hvq I †`‡n †iPb c`v_© gy³ K. e„‡°i AveiY‡K K¨vcmyj e‡j|
i³ mieivn K‡i| L. wKWwb ms‡hvRb ej‡Z e„‡°i
Kv‡RB B c‡_ A_©vr †ibvj agwb c‡_ †h cÖwZ¯’vcb †evSvq|
†iPb c`v_© hy³ i³ evwnZ nq Zv †bd«‡b
cwimªyZ nIqvi gva¨‡g C c_ A_©vr †ibvj hLb †Kv‡bv e¨w³i wKWwb A‡K‡Rv n‡q
wkiv c‡_ weï× n‡q cybivq †`‡n wd‡i c‡o ZLb my¯’ e¨w³i wKWwb A_ev
Av‡m Ges D c_ A_©vr BD‡iUvi bvwji gi‡YvËi e„°`v‡bi gva¨‡g cÖvß wKWwb
gva¨‡g †iPb c`v_© Zij ev g~Î e„° †_‡K †ivMxi †`‡n cÖwZ¯’vcb Kiv hvq| G‡KB
g~Î_wj‡Z Av‡m, hv c‡i †`ngy³ nq| ZvB wKWwb ms‡hvRb e‡j|
C I D c‡_ m¤ú~Y© wfbœ `yB iKg
c`v_© wbM©Z ev cÖevwnZ nq| M. ÔXÕ wPwýZ AskwU n‡”Q †bd«‡bi
†Møv‡giæjvm|
cÖkœ-11  wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges
cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : †bd«‡bi †evg¨vÝ K¨vcmy‡j cÖvq
m¤ú~Y© Ave× †MvjvKvi GK¸”Q
ˆKwkK RvwjKv wb‡q †Møv‡giæjvm
MwVZ| †ibvj agwb †_‡K m„ó A¨vdv‡i›U
A¨vU©vwiIj K¨vcmy‡ji †fZ‡i Xz‡K cÖvq
50wU ˆKwkK bvwjKv ˆZwi K‡i| G¸‡jv
Avevi wef³ n‡q m~² i³RvwjKvi m„wó
K. e„‡°i AveiY‡K Kx e‡j? 1 K‡i| Gme RvwjKvi ˆKwkK bvwjKv¸‡jv
L. wKWwb ms‡hvRb ej‡Z Kx wgwjZ n‡q Bdv‡i›U A¨vU©vwiIj m„wó
†evSvq? 2 K‡i Ges K¨vcmyj †_‡K †ewi‡q hvq|
M. ÔXÕ wPwýZ As‡ki MVb I KvR †Møv‡giæjvm QuvKwbi g‡Zv KvR K‡i i³
eY©bv Ki| 3
N. DwjøwLZ AskwU weKj ev Amy¯’ †_‡K cwimªyZ Zij Drcbœ K‡i| GLv‡b i³
n‡j gvbe‡`‡ni Kx cwiYwZ n‡e? †_‡K †iPbeR©¨, cvwb I Ab¨vb¨ ÿwZKi
GB Ae¯’v †_‡K D×v‡ii Dcvq ev bvB‡Uªv‡Rb RvZxq eR©¨ cwimªyZ
wPwKrmv eY©bv Ki| 4 n‡q †ibvj wUDey¨‡j cÖ‡ek K‡i|
N. m„Rbkxj 4(N) bs cÖ‡kœi DËi †`L|

cÖkœ-12  wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ K‡i  12bs cª‡kœi DËi 

cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : K. ZiæYvw¯’ cwi‡ewóZ Zš‘gq †hvRK Kjv
wbwg©Z AveiYxB n‡jv †cwiKwÛªqvg|
L. `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK Aw¯’i ms‡hvM¯’j‡K
ejv nq Aw¯’mwÜ| cÖwZwU Aw¯’mwÜi
Aw¯’mg~n GK iKg w¯’wZ¯’vcK i¾yi
g‡Zv eÜbx w`‡q `„pfv‡e AvUKv‡bv
_v‡K, d‡j Aw¯’¸‡jv mn‡R mwܯ’j †_‡K
K. †cwiKwÛªqvg Kx? 1 wePz¨Z n‡Z cv‡i bv| Aw¯’mwÜ wZb
L. Aw¯’mwÜ ej‡Z Kx †evS? 2 ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb : wbðj Aw¯’mwÜ,
M. wP‡Îi ÔXÕ wPwýZ A½wUi MVb I Clr mPj Aw¯’mwÜ I c~Y© mPj
Kv‡Ri GK‡Ki MVb eY©bv Ki| 3 Aw¯’mwÜ|
N. DÏxc‡Ki ÔXÕ wPwýZ A½wU M. wP‡Îi ÔXÕ wPwýZ A½wU n‡jv e„°|
weKj n‡j Kxfv‡e Gi cÖwZ‡iva e„‡°i MVb I Kv‡Ri GKK n‡jv †bd«b|
e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡e Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| wb‡P †bd«‡bi MVb eY©bv Kiv n‡jv
4 †bd«b `ywU As‡k wef³| h_v :
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : c`v_©  249
1. †ibvj Kicvmj ev gvjwcwRqvb A½
2. †ibvj wUDey¨j
†ibvj Kicvmj : †bd«‡bi AMÖcÖvšÍ‡K
†ibvj Kicvmj e‡j| GwU †evg¨vbm
K¨vcmyj Ges †Møv‡giæjvm wb‡q
MwVZ| †evg¨vbm K¨vcmyj
†Møv‡giæjvm‡K †eób K‡i _v‡K|
†evg¨vbm K¨vcmyj wدÍi wewkó K. †iPb c`v_© Kx? 1
†cqvjvi g‡Zv cÖmvwiZ GKwU Ask| L. †nbwji jyc ej‡Z Kx †evS? 2
†Møv‡giæjvm GK¸”Q ˆKwkK RvwjKv M. ÔXÕ wPwýZ AskwU †Zvgvi kix‡i
w`‡q ˆZwi| Kxfv‡e KvR K‡i hyw³mn e¨vL¨v
†ibvj wUDey¨j : †evg¨vÝ K¨vcmy‡ji `vI| 3
A¼xq‡`k †_‡K msMÖvnx bvwj ch©šÍ N. DÏxcKwU †Zvgvi kix‡i
we¯Í„Z PIov bvwjwU †ibvj wUDey¨j| ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i
cÖwZwU †ibvj wUDey¨j 3wU As‡k Dˇii mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4
wef³| h_v :  13bs cª‡kœi DËi 
1. †Mvov‡`kxq ev cÖw·gvj cu¨vPv‡bv K. Rx‡ei †`n‡Kv‡l Drcbœ wecvKRvZ
bvwjKv `~wlZ c`v_©¸‡jv‡K †iPb c`v_© e‡j|
2. †nbwji jyc Ges
L. †bd«‡bi wbKUeZ©x cu¨vPv‡bv
3. cÖvšÍxq ev wW÷vj cu¨vPv‡bv
bvwjKvi †klcÖvšÍ †mvRv n‡q e„‡°i
bvwjKv| †gWzjv A‡j cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges GKwU U
N. DÏxc‡Ki ÔXÕ wPwýZ A½wU A_©vr e„° AvK…wZi jyc MVb K‡i cybivq K‡U©·
weKj n‡j GKgvÎ cÖwZ¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡gB A‡j cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges GKwU U-AvK…wZi
Gi cÖwZ‡iva e¨e¯’v †bIqv m¤¢e| GB jycwU‡K †nbwji jyc ejv nq|
hLb †Kv‡bv e¨w³i e„° weKj n‡q c‡o †d«WwiK †nbwj G jycwU Avwe®‹vi
ZLb †Kv‡bv my¯’ e¨w³i e„° Zvi †`‡n K‡ib e‡j GB jycwU‡K Zvi bvgvbymv‡i
cÖwZ¯’vcb Kiv nq| ZLb G‡K e„° †nbwji jyc ejv nq|
ms‡hvRb e‡j| e„° cÖwZ¯’vc‡bi †ÿ‡Î M. ÔXÕ wPwýZ AskwU n‡jv e„° hv Avgvi
wUmy¨ g¨vP K‡i †bIqv Avek¨K| kixi †_‡K ÿwZKi bvB‡Uªv‡Rb RvZxq
wcZvgvZv, fvB‡evb I wbKU AvZ¥x‡qi eR©¨ Acmvi‡Yi gva¨‡g KvR K‡i|
e„‡°i wUmy¨ g¨vP nevi m¤¢vebv bvB‡Uªv‡Rb NwUZ eR©¨ c`v_© i‡³i
me‡P‡q †ewk| GKvi‡Y wcZvgvZv, gva¨‡g †ibvj agwbi gva¨‡g †iPb A½
fvB‡evb ev wbKU AvZ¥x‡qi e„° e„‡° cÖ‡ek K‡i| gvbe‡`‡ni cÖwZwU
cÖwZ¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g weKj e„‡°i e„‡° cÖvq 10 jÿ †bd«b _v‡K| †ibvj
cÖwZ‡iva e¨e¯’vq SzuwKi nvi A‡bK Kg agwb e„‡°i †bd«‡bi †ibvj Kicvm‡ji
_v‡K| K¨vcmy‡ji †fZi cÖ‡ek K‡i ˆKwkK
Avevi g„Z e¨w³i e„° wb‡q †ivMxi †`‡n bvwjKvq wef³ nq Ges AmsL¨ m~² i³
cÖwZ¯’vcb Kiv hvq| g„Z e¨w³i ej‡Z bvwjKvi m„wó K‡i| G AskwU‡K
Ô†eªb †W_Õ †evSvq| ZvQvov gi‡YvËi †Møv‡giæjvm e‡j| †Møv‡giæjvm
P¶z`v‡bi g‡Zv gi‡YvËi e„°`v‡bi gva¨‡g QuvKwbi g‡Zv KvR K‡i i³ †_‡K cwimªyZ
GKRb e„° weKj ev A‡K‡Rv †ivMxi Rxeb Zij Drcbœ K‡i| GB cwimªyZ Zij †bd«‡bi
euvPv‡bv m¤¢eci n‡Z cv‡i| mgMÖ cieZ©x Ask A_©vr †ibvj wUDey¨j n‡q
c„w_ex‡Z jÿ jÿ e„° A‡K‡Rv †ivMx e„° msMÖvnx bvwj‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î
ms‡hvR‡bi gva¨‡g my¯’ Rxebhvcb cÖ‡qvRbxq cybt‡kvlY †k‡l cwimªyZ Zij
Ki‡Q| †_‡K †h g~Î ˆZwi nq Zv e„‡°i MnŸi
AZGe, DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbv †_‡K ejv hvq, †cjwf‡m †cuŠQvq Ges †cjwfm †_‡K
DÏxc‡Ki ÔXÕ wPwýZ A½wU A_©vr e„° BD‡iUv‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i| BD‡iUvi bvwj †_‡K
weKj n‡j GKgvÎ cÖwZ¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡gB g~Î g~Î_wj‡Z Av‡m Ges mvgwqKfv‡e
Gi cÖwZ‡iva e¨e¯’v †bIqv m¤¢e| Rgv _v‡K| g~Î_wj g~Î Øviv c~Y© n‡j
cÖkœ-13  wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ K‡i g~Î Z¨v‡Mi B”Qv Rv‡M Ges g~Î _wji
cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : c`v_©  250
wb‡Pi w`‡K Aew¯’Z wQ`ªc_ w`‡q †`‡ni  14bs cª‡kœi DËi 
evB‡i †ewi‡q Av‡m|
Gfv‡eB e„° g~Î_wji g~Î †`‡ni evB‡i †ei K. †bd«b n‡jv cÖwZwU e„‡°i BDwiwb‡divm
K‡i Avgvi kixi‡K kvixie„Ëxq bvbviKg bvwjKvi ÿiYKvix Ask I Kvwh©K GKK|
RwUjZv †_‡K gy³ ivLvi KvR K‡i| L. e„‡° cv_i ej‡Z †evSvq gvbee„‡° †QvU
N. DÏxcKwU n‡jv gvbe‡`‡ni †iPbZš¿| GwU AvKv‡ii cv_i RvZxq c`v‡_©i m„wó|
Avgvi kix‡i AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv AwZwi³ IRb, e„‡° msµgY †ivM, Kg
cvjb K‡i| cvwb cvb Ki‡j, AwZwi³ cÖvYxR Avwgl
Avgvi †`‡n kvixie„Ëxq Kv‡h© †hme †L‡j e„‡° cv_i n‡Z cv‡i|
ivmvqwbK wewµqv m¤úbœ nq †mme M. Kwig mv‡n‡ei wPwKrmv c×wZwU n‡jv
wewµqvq wewfbœ ai‡bi c`v_© Drcbœ WvqvjvBwmm| hvi gva¨‡g e„°
nq| †`‡n msNwUZ wecvK cÖwµqvq m¤ú~Y© A‡K‡Rv ev weKj nevi ci
†hme bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ eR©¨ Drcbœ mvaviYZ WvqvjvBwmm †gwk‡bi
nq Zv †`n †_‡K wb®‹vkb nIqv AZxe mvnv‡h¨ i³ cwi‡kvwaZ Kiv nq|
Riæwi| †`‡ni Gme eR©¨ kix‡i †Kv‡bv G †gwkbwUi WvqvjvBwmm wUDewUi
Kvi‡Y Rg‡Z _vK‡j bvbv iKg AmyL †`Lv GK cÖvšÍ †ivMxi nv‡Zi Kwâi agwbi
†`q, cieZ©x‡Z hv g„Zz¨i KviY n‡Z mv‡_ I Ab¨ cÖvšÍ H nv‡Zi Kwâi wkivi
cv‡i| wP‡Îi †iPbZš¿ Øviv gvbe‡`‡ni mv‡_ ms‡hvRb Kiv nq| agwb †_‡K
bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ wecvKxq kix‡ii wUD‡ei ga¨ w`‡q i³ WvqvjvBwmm
AwZwi³ cvwb, jeY I wewfbœ ˆRe wUD‡ei ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ Kiv‡bv nq|
c`v_© †`n n‡Z †ei n‡q kvixie„Ëxq Gi cÖvPxi AvswkK ˆelg¨‡f`¨ nIqvq
fvimvg¨ iwÿZ nq| BDwiqv, BDwiK GwmW I Ab¨vb¨
†iPbZ‡š¿i Ab¨Zg A½ n‡jv e„°| e„° ÿwZKi c`v_© evB‡i †ewi‡q Av‡m|
gvbe‡`‡n †mvwWqvg, cUvwmqvg, cwi‡kvwaZ i³ †ivMxi †`‡ni wkivi ga¨
†K¬vivBW BZ¨vw`i cwigvY wbqš¿Y w`‡q †`‡ni †fZi cybivq cÖ‡ek K‡i|
K‡i| ZvQvovI GwU gvbe‡`‡ni i³Pvc D‡jøL¨, WvqvjvBwmm wUDewU Ggb
wbqš¿Y, cvwb, A¤ø I ÿv‡ii fvimvg¨ iÿv GKwU Zi‡ji g‡a¨ Wzev‡bv _v‡K hvi MVb
K‡i| hveZxq kvixie„Ëxq KvR m¤úv`‡bi i‡³i cøvRgvi Abyiƒc nq|
Rb¨ †`‡n ˆZwiK…Z g~‡Îi gva¨‡gB Gfv‡e WvqvjvBwmm †gwk‡bi mvnv‡h¨
me‡P‡q †ewk cvwb †`n †_‡K †ewi‡q bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ ÿwZKi eR©¨ c`v_©
hvq| Kv‡RB †`‡ni cvwbmvg¨ wbqš¿‡Y evB‡i wb®‹vkb K‡i Kwig mv‡n‡ei
A_©vr Am‡gv‡i¸‡jk‡b e„° cÖavb wPwKrmv Kiv nq|
f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| e„° †bd«‡bi gva¨‡g N. Kwig mv‡n‡ei wPwKrmv c×wZwU n‡jv
cybt‡kvlY cÖwµqvq †`‡n cvwbi mgZv WvqvjvBwmm hv †gwk‡bi gva¨‡g Kiv
iv‡L| nq| Ab¨w`‡K iwng mv‡n‡ei wPwKrmv
Kv‡RB Avgvi kix‡i wP‡Îi †iPbZš¿wU c×wZwU n‡jv wKWwb cÖwZ¯’vcb|
¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv iv‡L| hLb †Kv‡bv e¨w³i wKWwb weKj ev
A‡K‡Rv n‡q c‡o ZLb †Kv‡bv my¯’
cÖkœ-14  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o e¨w³i wKWwb Zvi †`‡n cÖwZ¯’vcb Kiv
cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : nq| †Kv‡bv g„Z e¨w³ ej‡Z †eªb †W_
Kwig mv‡n‡ei wKWwb weKj nIqvq wZwb nIqv e¨w³i A_ev wbKUvZ¥x‡qi wKWwb
wbqwgZ †gwk‡bi mvnv‡h¨ i³ cwi‡kvab †`‡n cÖwZ¯’vcb Kiv nq|
K‡ib| Avevi iwng mv‡n‡ei wKWwb A‡K‡Rv Kwig mv‡n‡ei wPwKrmv c×wZwU
n‡q covq wZwb Zvi fvB‡qi GKwU wKWwb A_©vr WvqvjvBwmm e¨qeûj I
MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| mgqmv‡cÿ| Zv‡K we‡kl mg‡qi
K. †bd«b Kx? 1 e¨eav‡b evi evi WvqvjvBwmm Ki‡Z
L. e„‡° cv_i ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 nq| wKš‘ iwng mv‡ne Zvi fvB‡qi
M. Kwig mv‡n‡ei wPwKrmv c×wZ wKWwb †`‡n cÖwZ¯’vcb Ki‡Z hv Kó
e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 GKeviB †c‡q‡Qb Ges e¨qeûj nqwb|
N. Kwig mv‡ne I iwng mv‡n‡ei Zv‡K evi evi i³ cwi‡kvab Kivi Rb¨
Wv³v‡ii Kv‡Q †h‡ZI nq bv|
g‡a¨ †K wPwKrmv MÖn‡Y AwaK
myweav cvq †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : c`v_©  251
myZivs iwng mv‡ne Zvi weKj wKWwb g~‡Î BDwiqv, BDwiK GwmW,
wPwKrmvq †ewk myweav †c‡q‡Qb| A¨v‡gvwbqv, wµ‡qwUwbb BZ¨vw`
bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ c`v_© _v‡K| G¸‡jv
cÖkœ-15  wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges gvbe‡`‡ni Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ ÿwZKi| Gme
cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : AcÖ‡qvRbxq I ÿwZKi eR©¨ c`v_© e„°
g~‡Îi gva¨‡g †`n †_‡K AcmviY K‡i
†`n‡K my¯’ iv‡L| e„°w¯’Z †bd«b GKwU
RwUj cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g µgvMZfv‡e g~Î
Drcbœ K‡i| Drcbœ g~Î msMÖvnx
bvwjKvi gva¨‡g e„‡°i †cjwf‡m
K. †iPb c`v_© Kx? 1 †cuŠQvq Ges †cjwfm †_‡K BD‡iUv‡ii
L. Avëªvwdj‡Uªkb ej‡Z Kx dv‡bj AvK…wZi cÖk¯Í Ask †e‡q
†evSvq? 2 BD‡iUv‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i| BD‡iUvi †_‡K g~Î
M. wP‡Îi X wPwýZ A½vYyi MvVwbK g~j_wj‡Z Av‡m Ges mvgwqKfv‡e Rgv
GK‡Ki MVb eY©bv Ki| 3 _v‡K|
N. N2 NwUZ eR©¨ Acmvi‡Y wP‡Îi X g~Î_wj g~Î Øviv cwic~Y© n‡j g~Î
wPwýZ A‡½i f‚wgKv we‡kølY Ki|4 Z¨v‡Mi B”Qv Rv‡M Ges g~Î_wji wb‡Pi
 15bs cª‡kœi DËi  w`‡K Aew¯’Z wQ`ªc‡_ †`‡ni evB‡i
†ewi‡q Av‡m|
K. †iPb c`v_© ej‡Z g~jZ bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ Gfv‡e e„° gvbe‡`n †_‡K ÿwZKi N2
eR©¨ c`v_©‡K †evSvq| NwUZ eR©¨ c`v_© Acmvi‡Y
L. mvaviYZ e„‡°i †Møv‡giæjvm hvwš¿K ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i|
cwimªve‡Ki KvR K‡i| G As‡k †h
cÖkœ-16  wb‡Pi wPÎwU †`L Ges
cwimªveY msNwUZ nq Zv mvaviY
cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
cwimªveY †_‡K Avjv`v| G‡ÿ‡Î
cwimªveY cÖwµqvwU Pvc cÖ‡qv‡Mi
d‡j m¤úbœ nq e‡j G‡K Avëªvwdj‡Uªkb
e‡j|
M. wP‡Îi X wPwýZ A½vYywU n‡jv e„°| Gi
MvVwbK GKK †bd«b|
cÖwZwU †bd«b GKwU †ibvj Kicvmj ev
gvjwcwRqvb A½ Ges †ibvj wUDey¨j K. †iPb A½ Kx? 1
wb‡q MwVZ| cÖwZwU †ibvj Kicvmj L. e„°‡K QuvKbhš¿ ejv nq †Kb? 2
Avevi †Møv‡giæjvm Ges †evg¨vÝ M. A, B wPwýZ As‡ki MVb I
K¨vcmyj G `ywU As‡k wef³| †evg¨vÝ Kvh©vewj e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
K¨vcmyj †Møv‡giæjvm‡K †eób K‡i N. A I B As‡ki cÖ‡qvRbxqZv ev G‡`i
_v‡K| mgm¨v gvbe kix‡ii Ici Kx ai‡bi
†evg¨vÝ K¨vcmyj wدÍi wewkó †cqvjvi cÖfve †dj‡Z cv‡i gšÍe¨ †jL| 4
g‡Zv cÖmvwiZ GKwU Ask|
 16bs cª‡kœi DËi 
†Møv‡giæjvm GK¸”Q ˆKwkK RvwjKv
w`‡q ˆZwi| †evg¨vÝ K¨vcmy‡ji A¼xq K. †hme A½ †iPb Kv‡R Ask †bq †m¸‡jvB
†`k †_‡K msMÖvnx bvwj ch©šÍ we¯Í„Z †iPb A½|
PIov bvwjwU n‡jv †ibvj wUDey¨j| L. e„° n‡jv †`‡ni cÖavb †iPb A½| †`‡ni
cÖwZwU †ibvj wUDey¨j 3wU As‡k BDwiqv, BDwiK GwmW, A¨v‡gvwbqv,
wef³| h_v : †Mvov‡`kxq cu¨vPv‡bv wµ‡qwUwbb cÖf…wZ
bvwjKv, †nbwj-i jyc Ges cÖvšÍxq bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ eR©¨ c`v_© g~‡Îi
cu¨vPv‡bv bvwjKv| gva¨‡g wb®‹vwkZ nq Ges i³
cwi‡kvwaZ nq| GRb¨B e„°‡K QuvKb
N. wP‡Îi X wPwýZ A½ A_©vr e„° †`‡ni N2 hš¿ ejv nq|
NwUZ eR©¨ g~‡Îi gva¨‡g †`n †_‡K
AcmviY K‡i| M. wP‡Îi A wPwýZ AskwU n‡jv e„° Ges B
wPwýZ AskwU n‡jv g~Î_wj|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : c`v_©  252
gvbe‡`‡ni D`i MnŸ‡ii †cQ‡bi As‡k †_‡K bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ eR¨ c`v_©
†giæ`‡Êi `ycv‡k c„ôcÖvPxi msjMœ wb®‹vkb n‡Z cvi‡e bv| G‡Z kvixie„Ëxq
n‡q `ywU e„° hy³ _v‡K| cÖwZwU e„° Kvh©µ‡g e¨vNvZ NU‡e|
wb‡iU Pvcv †`L‡Z A‡bKUv wk‡gi ex‡Ri
g‡Zv Ges jvj‡P i‡Oi| e„‡°i evB‡ii w`K cÖkœ-17  wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges
DËj I †fZ‡ii w`K AeZj| AeZj As‡ki cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
fuvR‡K nvBjvm Ges nvBjv‡m Aew¯’Z
MnŸi‡K †cjwfm e‡j| †cjwfm †_‡K `ywU
BD‡iUvi †ei n‡q g~Î_jx‡Z (B) cÖ‡ek K‡i|
mgMÖ e„° K¨vcmyj bvgK Zš‘gq †hvRK
Kjvi m`„k Avei‡Y †ewóZ| e„‡° K¨vcmyj
msjMœ Ask‡K K‡U©· Ges wfZ‡ii Ask‡K
†gWzjv e‡j| e„° i³ †_‡K †cÖvwUb
wecv‡K m„ó bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ eR©¨ K. Am‡gv‡i¸‡jkb Kx? 1
AcmviY K‡i| GwU †`‡n Ges i‡³ cvwb, L. WvqvjvBwmm ej‡Z Kx †evS? 2
A¤ø I ÿv‡ii fvimvg¨ iÿv K‡i| i‡³
M. A-wPwýZ As‡ki Kvh©Kix GK‡Ki
†mvwWqvg, cUvwmqvg, K¨vjwmqvg,
dm‡dU Ges †K¬vivBWmn wewfbœ MVb eY©bv Ki| 3
je‡Yi cwigvYI GwU wbqš¿Y K‡i| N. wPÎ : X †`n †_‡K
Aciw`‡K, g~Î_wj GKwU w·KvYvK…wZ bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ eR©¨ c`v_©
_wjKvi A½| G _wji †cwk¸‡jv A wb®‹vk‡b MiæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv
‰bw”QK| G _wj ms‡KvPb cÖmviYkxj iv‡LÑ we‡kølY Ki| 4
†cwk Øviv MwVZ I cvZjv cÖvPxi îí 17bs cª‡kœi DËi îí
wewkó| GB _wj †cwk MnŸ‡ii †cQ‡b K. e„‡°i Øviv †`‡ni AwZwi³ cvwb
Ae¯’vb K‡i| mvgwqKfv‡e g~Î_wj g~Î wb®‹vk‡bi gva¨‡g †`‡n cvwbi mgZv
aviY K‡i _v‡K| GwU mg‡q mg‡q g~Î iÿv Kiv‡K Am‡gv‡i¸‡jkb e‡j|
wb®‹vk‡bI Ask wb‡q _v‡K|
L. e„° m¤ú~Y© A‡K‡Rv n‡q †M‡j
N. wP‡Îi A I B n‡jv e„° I g~Î_wj| G `ywU ˆeÁvwbK Dcv‡q i³ cwi‡kvwaZ Kivi bvg
gvbe †iPbZ‡š¿i ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ask| G WvqvjvBwmm|
Ask¸‡jvi g‡a¨ mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡j gvbe G cÖwµqvq agwb †_‡K wUD‡ei gva¨‡g
kix‡i bvbv ai‡bi ÿwZKi cÖfve c‡o| †hgb i³ WvqvjvBwmm †gwk‡bi wUD‡ei ga¨
: e„‡°i cÖ`vn, cÖmªv‡e mgm¨v, e„‡° w`‡q cÖevwnZ Kiv‡bv nq| Gi cÖvPxi
cv_i nIqv D‡jøL‡hvM¨| AvswkK ˆelg¨‡f`¨ nIqvq BDwiqv,
e„‡°i cÖ`v‡ni d‡j kixi dz‡j hvq, BDwiK GwmW I Ab¨vb¨ ÿwZKi c`v_©
cÖmªv‡ei mv‡_ †cÖvwUb ev Avwgl †ewi‡q Av‡m| Gici cwi‡kvwaZ i³ †ivMxi
†ei n‡q hvq| i³ wgwkªZ cÖmªve nq, †`‡ni wkivi ga¨ w`‡q †`‡ni wfZ‡i cybivq
cÖmªv‡e R¡vjv †cvov K‡i, Nb Nb cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv nq|
cÖmªve nq, GgbwK cÖmªve eÜI n‡q
†h‡Z cv‡i| cÖv_wgKfv‡e e„‡° cv_i n‡j M. m„Rbkxj 12(M) bs cÖ‡kœi DËi †`L|
†Zgb mgm¨v aiv c‡o bv| mgm¨v nq N. DÏxc‡Ki wPÎ X Øviv gvbe
hLb cv_i cÖmªve bvwj‡Z P‡j Av‡m I †iPbZš¿ wb‡`©k Kiv n‡q‡Q| †iPbZ‡š¿i
cÖmªv‡e evav †`q| †Kvg‡ii †cQ‡b e¨_v Øviv †`‡n wecvK cÖwµqvq Drcbœ
n‡Z cv‡i, cÖmªv‡ei mv‡_ i³I †ei n‡Z eR©¨ c`v_©¸‡jv wb®‹vwkZ nq|
cv‡i| A‡bK mgq Kuvcywb w`‡q R¡i e„°, BD‡iUvi, g~Î_wj Ges g~Îbvwj
Avm‡Z cv‡i| †bd«vBwUm, Wvqwiqv, wb‡q gvbe †iPbZš¿ MwVZ|
AwZwi³ i³ÿiY cÖf…wZ Kvi‡Y e„° ax‡i bvB‡Uªv‡Rb NwUZ †iPb c`v_©mn i³
ax‡i weKj n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| e„° weKj n‡j †ibvj agwbi gva¨‡g msewnZ n‡q †ibvj
g~Î_wj‡Z Aew¯’Z g~Î Z¨v‡Mi mgm¨v A¨vdv‡i›U AvU©vwIj w`‡q
†`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| i‡³ wµ‡qwUwb‡bi †Møv‡giæjv‡m cÖ‡ek K‡i| we‡kl
cwigvY e„w× †c‡Z cv‡i| cÖwµqvi i‡³i i³KwYKv I cøvRgv Qvov
DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi †cÖwÿ‡Z ejv hvq †h, evwK Ask cwimªyZ n‡q †ibvj K¨vcmyj
g~Î_wj‡Z mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡j gvbe kixi MnŸ‡i cwZZ nq| †mLvb †_‡K cwZZ Zij
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : c`v_©  253
†bd«‡bi wewfbœ bvwjKv‡Z cÖevwnZ Rgv _v‡K| g~Î_wj g~Î Øviv cwic~Y©
nq| e„°w¯’Z †bd«b GKwU RwUj n‡j g~Î Z¨v‡Mi B”Qv Rv‡M Ges g~Î_wji
cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g µgvMZfv‡e g~Î wb‡Pi w`‡K Aew¯’Z wQ`ªc‡_ †`‡ni
Drcbœ K‡i| G mgq †`‡ni cÖ‡qvRbxq evB‡i †ewi‡q Av‡m| Gfv‡e e„° gvbe‡`n
Dcv`vb wdj‡UªU †_‡K cybt‡kvwlZ nq| †_‡K ÿwZKi bvB‡Uªv‡Rb RvZxq eR©¨
Drcbœ g~Î msMÖvnx bvwjKvi gva¨‡g c`v_© AcmviY K‡i|
e„‡°i †cjwf‡m †cuŠQvq| †cjwfm g~Î DcwiD³ eY©bv †_‡K cÖZxqgvb nq †h,
BD‡iUv‡ii dv‡bj AvK…wZi cÖk¯Í Ask †iPbZš¿B gvbe‡`n †_‡K bvB‡Uªv‡Rb
†e‡q BD‡iUv‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i| BD‡iUvi †_‡K NwUZ eR©¨ c`v_© wb®‹vkb
g~Î g~Î_wj‡Z Av‡m Ges mvgwqKfv‡e ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv iv‡L|

cÖkœ-18  K. BD‡iv‡µvg Kx? 1

L. †UbWb I wjMv‡g‡›Ui KvR Kx? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki wPÎwU A¼b K‡i wPwýZ
Aÿi¸‡jvi bvg wj‡L wPwýZ Ki| 3
N. GKUz mZ©K n‡jB DÏxc‡Ki A‡½ m„ó
mgm¨v Gov‡bv hvqÑ we‡kølY Ki| 4
cÖkœ-21  gwZb mv‡ne m¤cÖwZ Nb Nb
wPÎ : Y cÖmªve nIqv, cÖmªv‡ei mv‡_ i³ †ei
K. gvbe‡`‡n e„‡°i Ae¯’vb D‡jøL Ki| 1 nIqvmn †Kvg‡i †cQ‡b e¨_v Abyfe Ki‡Qb| G
L. e„‡°i mv‡_ †bd«‡bi m¤úK© Kx? 2 e¨vcv‡i Wv³v‡ii kiYvcbœ n‡j Wv³vi cixÿv-
M. 'Y' Gi MVb I KvR eY©bv Ki| 3 wbixÿv K‡i Rvbv‡jb Zvi †iPb A½ wVKg‡Zv
N. DwjøwLZ AskwU weKj n‡j gvbe‡`‡ni KvR Ki‡Q bv|
Kx cwiYwZ n‡e? GB Ae¯’v †_‡K D×v‡ii
Dcvq ev wPwKrmv eY©bv Ki| 4

cÖkœ-19 

K. †iPb c`v_© Kx? 1

L. †Kvb †Kvb Ask wb‡q †bd«b MwVZ? 2
M. †iPb c`v_© Kxfv‡e X n‡Z Y G †cŠuQvq?
Av‡jvPbv Ki| 3
N. A weKj n‡j i³ cwi‡kvwaZ Kivi weKí Kx
Kx e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡iÑ
we‡kølY Ki| 4
cÖkœ-20  wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges
cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : c`v_©  254
K. BD‡iv‡µvg Kx? 1 L. g~‡Îi g~j Dcv`vb¸‡jv D‡jøL Ki| 2
L. Am‡gv‡i¸‡jkb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 M. gvgyb mv‡n‡ei i³ cwi‡kvwaZ Kivi
M. gwZb mv‡n‡ei AvµvšÍ A½wUi c×wZwU e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
j¤^‡”Q‡`i wPwýZ wPÎ AuvK| 3 N. ÒDcwiD³ A½wUi AvYyexÿwYK MVb
N. gwZb mv‡ne GKUz mZK© n‡jB RwUjÓÑ Dw³wU g~j¨vqb Ki| 4
mgm¨vwU Gov‡Z cvi‡Zb we‡kølY Ki|4
cÖkœ-23  wecvK wµqvi d‡j †`‡n
cÖkœ-22  wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges wewfbœ bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ eR©¨ c`v_©
cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : Drcbœ nq| Gme c`v_© †`‡ni †Kv‡bv Kv‡R
jv‡M bv| A_P †ewkÿY †`nvfšÍ‡i _vK‡j †`‡ni
ÿwZmvab K‡i| ZvB eR©¨ c`v_© †`n †_‡K
we‡kl A‡½i Øviv wb®‹vwkZ nq|
K. †iPb Kx? 1
L. †iPbZš¿ Kx Kx A½ wb‡q MwVZ? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki A½wUi bvg D‡jøLc~e©K KvR
gvgyb mv‡n‡ei DcwiD³ A½wU A‡K‡Rv D‡jøL Ki| 3
n‡q covq Zv‡K K…wÎg Dcv‡q i³ cwi‡kvab N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K bv‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ
Ki‡Z nq| eR©¨ c`v_© wb®‹vk‡bi A½wUi m~²
K. nvBjvm Kx? 1 MVb we‡kølY Ki| 4

cÖkœ-24  wb‡Pi QKwU jÿ Ki Ges

cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
gvb cwi‡e
e„° i³
  yl  k
K L
M N

K. i³ Kx? 1
L. gvbe‡`‡n g~‡Îi is njy` nq †Kb? 2
M. K-Gi wPwýZ wPÎ A¼b Ki| 3
N. L-Gi KvR¸‡jv †jL| 4
 24bs cª‡kœi DËi  N. DÏxc‡K L n‡jv i³| i³ †`‡ni GKwU
K. i³ GK ai‡bi Zij †hvRK Kjv| ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dcv`vb| GwU †`‡ni
bvbvwea KvR K‡i, †hgb
L. g~‡Îi cÖvq 90 fvM Dcv`vb n‡”Q cvwb|
i. †jvwnZ i³KwYKv
Ab¨vb¨ Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ Av‡Q BDwiqv, Aw·wn‡gv‡Møvwebiƒ‡c †Kv‡l
BDwiK GwmW, wµ‡qwUwbb I wewfbœ Aw·‡Rb cwienb K‡i|
ai‡bi jeY| g~jZ BD‡iv‡µvg bvgK GK ii. ivmvqwbK wewµqvi d‡j †Kvl¸‡jv‡Z
ai‡bi iÄK c`v‡_©i Dcw¯’wZi Kvi‡YB †h Kve©b WvBA·vBW Drcbœ nq
gvbe‡`‡n g~‡Îi is njy` nq| i³im †mvwWqvg evB Kve©‡bUiƒ‡c
M. Q‡K K n‡jv gvbe‡`‡ni †iPb A½ e„°| Zv msMÖn K‡i wb‡q Av‡m Ges
e„‡°i wPwýZ wPÎ wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv : wbtk¦vm evqyi mv‡_ dzmdz‡mi
mvnv‡h¨ †`‡ni evB‡i †ei K‡i †`q|
cÖkœ-25 î wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o
cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : c`v_©  255
hvZvqvZ K‡i| GwU cvZjv AveiYx Øviv
Ave„Z Ges cÖwZwU evqy_wj
ˆKwkKbvwjKv Øviv cwi‡ewóZ _v‡K| G
evqy_wj‡Z cwi‡e‡ki Aw·‡Rb Rgv nq, hv
i‡³i gva¨‡g †`n †Kv‡l †cuŠQvq| Avevi
GLv‡b i³ n‡Z AvMZ Kve©b WvBA·vBW
A B Rgv nq hv k¦vmbvwj I bvmvi‡Ü«i
K. †KvbwUi Ici †`‡ni kw³ e¨‡qi gva¨‡g cwi‡e‡k wbM©Z nq| evqy_wj
cwigvY wbf©i K‡i| 1 GZ cvZjv †h Gi †fZi w`‡q M¨vmxq
L. gvbe‡`‡n KqwU jvjvMÖwš’ Av`vb-cÖ`vb N‡U| GwU g~jZ GKwU
Av‡Q bvgmn †jL| 2 ewntk¦mb cÖwµqv|
M. 'A' wPÎwUi gva¨‡g M¨vmxq Kv‡RB A wPÎ A_©vr dzmdzm ga¨¯’
Av`vb cÖ`vbB ewntk¦mb- evqy_wj M¨vmxq Av`vb cÖ`v‡bi
e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 gva¨‡gB ewntk¦mb m¤úbœ K‡i|
N. gvby‡li my¯’ _vKvi Rb¨ 'B' wP‡Îi
N. wPÎ B n‡jv e„°| G A½wU gvbe‡`‡n i³
Kvh©vewj AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
cwi‡kvabmn wewfbœ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
we‡kølY Ki| 4
Kvh© m¤úv`b K‡i †`n‡K my¯’ iv‡L| G
îí 25bs cª‡kœi DËi îí A½wU gvbe‡`‡n †hme Kvh©vewj
m¤úbœ K‡i Zv n‡jv :
K. †`‡ni gvsm‡cwki ms‡KvPb I cÖmvi‡Yi
1. i³ †_‡K †cÖvwUb wecv‡K m„ó
Ici kw³ e¨‡qi cwigvY wbf©i K‡i|
bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ eR©¨ AcmviY
L. gvbe‡`‡n QqwU jvjvMÖwš’ Av‡Q| G‡`i K‡i|
g‡a¨ Kv‡bi mvg‡b I wb‡P GK‡Rvov 2. †`‡n Ges i‡³ cvwbi fvimvg¨ iÿv K‡i|
c¨v‡ivwUW MÖwš’ I wb‡P GK‡Rvov 3. i‡³ †mvwWqvg, cUvwmqvg,
g¨vw·jvwi MÖwš’, †Pvqv‡ji wb‡P K¨vjwmqvg dm‡dU Ges
GK‡Rvov g¨vw·jvwi MÖwš’ Ges †K¬vivBWmn wewfbœ je‡Yi
wPey‡Ki wb‡P mve-wj½yqvj MÖwš’ wbqš¿Y K‡i|
Dcw¯’Z| 4. i‡³ A¤ø I ÿv‡ii fvimvg¨ iÿv K‡i|
M. 'A' wPÎwU n‡jv dzmdzm ga¨¯’ evqy_wj| 5. Gwi‡_ªv‡cv‡qwUb Ges †ibxb bvgK
G A½wUi gva¨‡g †h M¨vmxq Av`vb ni‡gvb wbtmiY K‡i|
cÖ`vb nq ZvB ewntk¦mb| 6. i³Pvc wbqš¿Y K‡i|
dzmdz‡m AmsL¨ evqy_wj _v‡K| G DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbv n‡Z ejv hvq †h,
evqy_wjB A¨vjwfIjvm bv‡g cwiwPZ| gvbyl‡K my¯’ ivL‡Z B wP‡Îi A½wUi
evqy_wj¸‡jv ¶z`ª ¶z`ª Aby‡µvg kvLv- A_©vr e„‡°i Kvh©vewj AZ¨šÍ
cÖv‡šÍ †gŠPv‡Ki g‡Zv Aew¯’Z| bvbv c_ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© |
w`‡q evqy mivmwi evqy_wj‡Z

 mswÿß cÖkœ I DËi DËi : e„‡°i nvBjv‡m Aew¯’Z MnŸi‡K

cÖkœ \ 1 \ WvqvjvBwmm Kx? †cjwfm e‡j|
DËi : e„° m¤ú~Y© A‡K‡Rv ev weKj nevi cÖkœ \ 4 \ †iPb c`v_© ej‡Z Kx
ci ˆeÁvwbK Dcv‡q i³ cwi‡kvwaZ Kivi bvg eySvq?
WvqvjvBwmm| DËi : †Kv‡li wecvK wµqvi d‡j m„ó
cÖkœ \ 2 \ gvjwcwRqvb A½ Kv‡K e‡j? ÿwZKviK bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ eR©¨
DËi : †bd«‡bi †Møgviæjvm I †evg¨vÝ c`v_©¸‡jv‡K †iPb c`v_© e‡j|
K¨vcmyj wb‡q MwVZ Ab¨ AskwU‡K
gvjwcwRqvj A½ e‡j|
cÖkœ \ 3 \ †cjwfm Kv‡K e‡j?
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : c`v_©  256
cÖkœ \ 5 \ e„‡° cv_i ej‡Z Kx eySvq? bvbv Kvi‡Y g~Îbvwji †ivM †`Lv †`q|
DËi : gvbee„‡° D™¢‚Z †QvU AvKv‡ii cv_i g~Îbvwj my¯’ ivLvi Dcvq n‡jv- (i) wkï‡`i
RvZxq c`v_© m„wóB e„‡°i cv_i wn‡m‡e Ubwmj I †Lvm-cuvPov †_‡K mveavb nIqv|
cwiwPZ| wkï‡`i Ubwmj n‡j cieZx©‡Z †mLvb †_‡K
e„‡° msµgY n‡Z cv‡i Ges G †_‡K
 iPbvg~jK cÖkœ I DËi g~Îbvwj‡Z mgm¨v m„wó nq| (ii)
cÖkœ \ 1 \ g~Îbvwj my¯’ ivLvi Wvqv‡ewUm I D”P i³Pvc wbqš¿‡Y ivLv|
Dcvq¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki| (iii) Wvqwiqv I i³ÿiY BZ¨vw`i `ªæZ
DËi : A¯^v¯’¨Ki Rxebhvcb, ˆ`wbK 8 wPwKrmv Kiv| (iv) a~gcvb I e¨_v wbivg‡qi
Møvm ev 2 wjUv‡ii Kg cvwb cvb Ki‡j Ges Ilya cwinvi Kiv| (v) cwiwgZ cvwb cvb Kiv|

 Ávbg~jK cÖkœ I DËi  DËi : †hme c`v_© g~‡Îi cvwb I Zwor

Dcv`vb e„w× K‡i Zv‡`i g~Î e„w×KviK e‡j|
cÖkœ \ 1 \ g~‡Îi cvwbi cwigvY KZ?
DËi : g~Î Gi cÖvq 90 fvM Dcv`vb n‡jv cÖkœ \ 10 \ j¤^‡”Q‡` e„‡°i KqwU ¯Íi
cvwb| †`Lv hvq?
DËi : j¤^‡”Q‡` e„‡°i `ywU ¯Íi †`Lv|
cÖkœ \ 2 \ wK‡mi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z g~‡Îi is
nvjKv njy` nq? cÖkœ \ 11 \ †bd«‡bi cÖavb Ask¸‡jv Kx
DËi : BD‡iv‡µv‡gi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z g~‡Îi is Kx?
nvjKv njy` nq| DËi : †bd«‡bi cÖavb Ask¸‡jv n‡jv-
gvjwcwRqvb A½ ev †ibvj Kicvmj, †ibvj
cÖkœ \ 3 \ WvB BD‡iwUKm Kv‡K e‡j?
wUDey¨j Ges msMÖvnx bvwjKv|
DËi : †hme `ªe¨ g~‡Îi ¯^vfvweK cÖevn‡K
evwo‡q †`q Zv‡`i WvB-BD‡iwUKm e‡j| cÖkœ \ 12 \ gvjwcwRqvb A½ Kx Kx
Ask wb‡q MwVZ?
cÖkœ \ 4 \ gvbe‡`‡n KqwU †bd«b
DËi : gvjwcwRqvb A½ †evg¨vÝ K¨vcmyj I
_v‡K?
†Møv‡giæjvm wb‡q MwVZ|
DËi : gvbe‡`‡ni cÖvq 20 jÿ †bd«b _v‡K|
cÖkœ \ 13 \ msMÖvnx bvwjKv Kx?
cÖkœ \ 5 \ A‰Re jeY †iP‡b †Kvb
DËi : cÖwZwU †ibvj wUDey¨‡ji †kl cÖvšÍ
ni‡gvb e¨eüZ nq?
A‡cÿvK…Z †h †gvUv bvwjKvi mv‡_ hy³
DËi : A‰Re jeY †iP‡b c¨viv_vBi‡qW
_v‡K Zv‡K msMÖvnx bvwjKv e‡j|
ni‡gvb e¨eüZ nq|
cÖkœ \ 6 \ gvbe‡`‡n e„‡°i Ae¯’vb cÖkœ \ 14 \ †nbwj-i jyc Kx?
D‡jøL Ki| DËi : †ibvj wUDey¨‡ji ga¨vsk miæ I Ô UÕ
DËi : gvby‡li `ywU e„° †`‡ni D`i MnŸ‡ii AvK…wZ wewkó| G AskwU‡K †nbwji jyc
†cQ‡bi As‡k, †giæ`‡Êi `yBw`‡K, eÿwcćii ejv nq|
wb‡P, c„ôcÖvPxi msjMœ Ae¯’vq Ae¯’vb cÖkœ \ 15 \ e„° Qvov gvby‡li Avi Kx
K‡i| Kx †iPb A½ Av‡Q?
cÖkœ \ 7\ cÖZ¨n Kx cwigvY Zij DËi : e„° Qvov gvby‡li Ab¨vb¨ †iPb A½
g~Îiƒ‡c GKRb ¯^vfvweK gvby‡li †`n n‡jv- dzmdzm, Z¡K, hK…r, jvjvMªwš’ I
†_‡K †iwPZ nq? Aš¿|
DËi : cÖwZw`b 1.5 wjUvi Zij g~Îiƒ‡c cÖkœ \ 16 \ wewjiæweb †iPb c`v_©
†iwPZ nq| †Kv_v †_‡K m„wó nq?
cÖkœ \ 8 \ ¯^vfvweK g~‡Îi ˆRe DËi : hK…r wewjiæweb †iPb c`v_© m„wó
Dcv`vb¸‡jv Kx Kx? K‡i|
DËi : ¯^vfvweK g~‡Îi ˆRe Dcv`vb¸‡jv cÖkœ \ 17 \ †cÖvwUb wecv‡Ki d‡j
n‡jv- BDwiqv, BDwiK GwmW, †`‡n †Kvb c`v‡_©i m„wó nq?
wµ‡qwUwbb, A¨v‡gvwbqv BZ¨vw`| DËi : †cÖvwUb wecv‡Ki d‡j †`‡n
cÖkœ \ 9 \ g~Î e„w×KviK Kv‡`i e‡j? bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ †iPb c`v_© m„wó nq|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : c`v_©  257
cÖkœ \ 18 \ †Møv‡giæjvm Gi KvR Kx? cÖkœ \ 6 \ Kx Ki‡Y wµ‡qwUwbb e„w×
DËi : †Møv‡giæjvm Avëªv wdëviiƒ‡c KvR cvq?
K‡i Ges i‡³i Zij Ask A_©vr cøvRgv †_‡K DËi : wKWwb weKj n‡j g~Î Z¨v‡Mi
†cÖvwUb I d¨vU e¨ZxZ Ab¨vb¨ me mgm¨v †`Lv hv‡e Ges i‡³i wµ‡qwUwbb
Dcv`vb‡K †Qu‡K c„_K K‡i| e„w× cv‡e|
cÖkœ \ 19 \ g~‡Î Kx _vKvi Kvi‡Y Zv cÖkœ \ 7 \ Kv‡`i wKWwbi mv‡_ †ivMxi
A¤øagx© nq? wKWwbi wUmy¨ g¨vP nIqvi m¤¢vebv
DËi : g~‡Î BDwiK GwmW, †mvwWqvg me‡P‡q †ewk?
WvBnvB‡Wªv‡Rb dm‡dU wg‡k _vKvq g~Î DËi : wcZv-gvZv, fvB-†evb I wbKU
A¤øagx© nq| AvZ¥x‡qi mv‡_ †ivMxi wKWwbi wUmy¨
g¨vP nIqvi m¤¢vebv me‡P‡q †ewk|
 Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ I cÖkœ \ 8 \ †bd«‡bi wewfbœ As‡ki
DËi  KvR GKwU mviwY‡Z †`LvI|
cÖkœ \ 1 \ e„° weKj nq †Kb? DËi : †bd«‡bi Awfbœ As‡ki KvR GKwU
DËi : †bd«vBwUm, Wvqv‡ewUKm, D”P mviwY‡Z †`Lv‡bv n‡jv-
i³Pvc, wKWwb‡Z cv_i BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y e„° ev †bd«‡bi Ask KvR
wKWwb ax‡i ax‡i weKj n‡q hvq| AvKw¯§K 1. †Møv‡giæjvm Avëªv wdëv‡ii KvR
wKWwb A‡K‡Rv ev weKj nIqvi KviY¸‡jv K‡i|
n‡jv RwUj †bd«vBwUm, Wvqwiqv, AwZwi³ 2. †evg¨vÝ cwimªyZ Zij msMÖn
i³ÿiY| K¨vcmyj K‡i Ges †ibvj
cÖkœ \ 2 \ g~‡Îi Dcv`vb¸‡jv Kx Kx? wUDey¨‡j †cÖiY K‡i|
DËi : g~‡Îi cÖavb Dcv`vb n‡jv cvwb| 3. †ibvj wUDey¨j
g~‡Îi kZKiv 90 fvM n‡jv cvwb| GQvovI ( i) cÖw·gvj †kvlY
cÖwZw`‡bi g~‡Î BDwiqv cÖvq 30 MÖvg, cu¨vPv‡bv bvwjKv
BDwiK GwmW 0.5 MÖvg, wµ‡qwUwbb 1 (ii) †nbwj-i jyc †kvlY
MÖvg Ges wewfbœ jeY 27 MÖvg _v‡K| (iii) wW÷vj ÿiY
cu¨vPv‡bv bvwjKv
cÖkœ \ 3 \ ÿwZKi eR©¨ c`v_© AcmviY
4. msMÖvnx cwimªyZ I
QvovI e„° Avgv‡`i kix‡i Avi Kx KvR
bvjx cybt‡kvwlZ Zij
K‡i?
msMÖn K‡i
DËi : ÿwZKi eR©¨ c`v_© AcmviY QvovI
BD‡iUv‡i †cÖiY|
e„° gvbe‡`‡nÑ
i) †mvwWqvg, cUvwmqvg, †K¬vivBW
cÖkœ \ 9 \ †bd«‡bi cÖw·gvj
BZ¨vw`i cwigvY wbqš¿Y K‡i| cu¨vPv‡bv bvwjKv I wW÷vj c¨vPv‡bv
ii) i³Pvc wbqš¿Y, cvwb, A¤ø I ÿv‡ii
bvwjKvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ D‡jøL Ki|
DËi : †bd«‡bi cÖw·gvj cu¨vPv‡bv bvwjKv
fvimvg¨ iÿv K‡i|
I wW÷vj cu¨vPv‡bv bvwjKvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨
cÖkœ \ 4 \ †Møv‡giæjvi wdj‡UªU ej‡Z wbgœiƒc :
Kx †evS?
cv_©K¨ cÖw·gvj wW÷vj
DËi : †Møv‡giæjvm i‡³i nvB‡Wªv÷¨vwUK
m~PK cu¨vPv‡bv cu¨vPv‡bv
Pv‡c i‡³i †cÖvwUb I i³KwYKv Qvov Ab¨
ˆewkó¨ bvwjKv bvwjKv
†hme Dcv`vb cwimªveY cÖwµqvq ˆKwkK
RvwjKvi G‡Ûv‡_wjqvg I wfw³wSwjø Ges (i) Ae¯’vb GwU †evg¨vÝ †nbwji jy‡ci
†ibvj K¨vcmy¨‡ji Gwc‡_wjqvg †f` K‡i : K¨vcmy‡ji cieZx©
K¨vcmy¨jvi †¯ú‡m Rgv nq Zv‡`i‡K cieZx© As‡k As‡k
†Møv‡giæjvi wdj‡UªU e‡j| Aew¯’Z| Aew¯’Z|
(ii) Db¥y³ GwU †nbwj-i GwU
cÖkœ \ 5 \ evg w`‡Ki e„‡°i Zzjbvq Wvb
: jy‡c Db¥y³ nq| msMÖvnx
w`‡Ki e„° wb‡P Aew¯’Z †Kb?
bvwj‡Z
DËi : m¤¢eZ hK…‡Zi m‡½ wbweo
Db¥y³ nq|
m¤úK© _vKvq Wvb w`‡Ki e„° evgw`‡Ki
(iii) Kvh© Møy‡KvR, cybt‡kvl‡Y
e„‡°i Zzjbvq mvgvb¨ wb‡P Ae¯’vb K‡i|
: A¨vgvB‡bv mvnvh¨
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : c`v_©  258
GwmW I K‡i| cÖkœ \ 11 \ †evg¨vÝ K¨vcmyj ej‡Z Kx
wKQy LwbR †evSvq?
je‡Yi DËi : †bd«‡bi cÖvšÍxq ùxZ Ask‡K †evg¨vÝ
cybt‡kvlY K¨vcmyj e‡j| †evg¨vÝ K¨vcmyj †bd«‡bi
N‡U| †Møv‡giæjvm‡K †eób K‡i _v‡K| †evg¨vÝ
cÖkœ \ 10 \ gvby‡li K‡qKwU K¨vcmyj †Møv‡giæjvm‡K aviY K‡i Ges Gi
bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ †iPb c`v‡_©i bvg †jL| KvR †Møv‡giæjvm Øviv cwimªyZ Zij‡K
†ibvj wUDey¨‡j †cÖiY Kiv|
DËi : gvbe‡`‡n K‡qKwU
bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ †iPb c`v_© n‡jv- cÖkœ \ 12 \ e„‡°i †Møv‡giæjv‡mi
BDwiqv, BDwiK GwmW, A¨v‡gvwbqv cwimªyZ Zi‡j Møy‡KvR _v‡K wKš‘
¯^vfvweK g~‡Î _v‡K bv †Kb?
BZ¨vw`|
DËi : Møy‡KvR †Møv‡giæjv‡m cwimªyZ
nq| wKš‘ Zvi meUzKzB †ibvj wUDey¨‡ji
cÖw·gvj cu¨vPv‡bv bvwjKvi Øviv
cybt‡kvwlZ n‡q i‡³ wd‡i Av‡m| ZvB
¯^vfvweK g~‡Î Møy‡KvR _v‡K bv|
cÖkœ \ 13 \ wKWwb †iv‡Mi jÿY¸‡jv Kx
Kx?
DËi : wKWwb †iv‡Mi jÿY¸‡jv n‡jv- kixi dz‡j
hvIqv, cÖmªv‡e A¨vjeywgb (†cÖvwUb)
hvIqv, i³wgwkªZ cÖmªve nIqv, cÖmªv‡e
R¡vjv-hš¿Yv, Nb Nb cÖmªve nIqv ev
cÖmªve eÜ nIqv|
cÖkœ \ 14 \ e„‡°i KvR¸‡jv Kx?
DËi : e„‡°i `ywU KvR n‡jv-(i) g~Î Drcv`b I
wbtmiY Ges (ii) i‡³ cvwb I LwbR je‡Yi
fvimvg¨ iÿv Kiv|
cÖkœ \ 15 \ e„‡°i mv‡_ †bd«‡bi
m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi : e„‡°i mv‡_ †bd«‡bi m¤úK© AZ¨šÍ
Nwbô|
cÖwZwU e„° AmsL¨ †bd«b Øviv MwVZ|
†bd«‡b g~Î Drcbœ nq Ges Zv evB‡i
†ewi‡q Av‡m| GwU e„‡°i cÖavb KvR|
myZivs e„‡°i mv‡_ †bdª‡bi m¤úK© n‡”Q-
†bd«b e„‡°i MVbMZ I Kvh©MZ GKK|
cÖkœ \ 16 \ gj‡K †iPb c`v_© wn‡m‡e
MY¨ Kiv nq bv †Kb?
DËi : gj wecvK wµqvi d‡j Drcbœ nq bv
e‡j G‡K †iPb c`v_© wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq
bv|
wecvK-wµqvi d‡j m„ó ÿwZKi c`v_©‡K
†iPb c`v_© e‡j| Lv‡`¨i †h Ask AcvwPZ
†_‡K hvq, Zv g‡j cwiewZ©Z n‡q †`n †_‡K
ewR©Z nq| myZivs gj eR©¨ c`v_©, †iPb
c`v_© bq|
cÖkœ \ 17 \ cÖvYx‡`i K‡qKwU
bvB‡Uªv‡Rbwenxb †iPb c`v‡_©i bvg
†jL|
DËi : cÖvYx‡`i K‡qKwU
bvB‡Uªv‡Rbwenxb †iPb c`v_© n‡jvÑ
Kve©b WvBA·vBW, wewjiæweb,
wewjfvwW©b BZ¨vw`|
beg-`kg †kÖwY : c`v_©  259