PYTHON INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

1. What is the difference between list and tuples in Python?

2. What is pep 8?
3. What are the generators in python?
4. What are the decorators in python?
5. What are the differences between shallow copy and deep copy in Python?
6. What is * and ** in python functions?
7. What is map function in Python?
8. What is filter function in Python?
9. What is list comprehension?
10. scrapy selenium beautifulsoup
○ https://medium.com/analytics-vidhya/scrapy-vs-selenium-vs-beautiful-soup-for-
web-scraping-24008b6c87b8

Django
https://www.interviewbit.com/django-interview-questions/#django-architecture

DRF
https://climbtheladder.com/django-rest-framework-interview-questions/

FLASK:
https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/flask-interview-questions-with-answers/

Certainly! Here are the top 20 interview questions for a Flask interview:

1. What is Flask? How does it differ from other web frameworks?

2. Explain the process of setting up a basic Flask application.
3. What are the advantages of using Flask?
4. How does routing work in Flask? Give an example.
5. Describe the role of Flask's template engine and how it is used.
6. What is Flask-WTF? How does it simplify form handling?
7. What is Flask-SQLAlchemy? How does it integrate with Flask?
8. Explain the concept of Flask blueprints and how they are used.
9. How can you handle authentication and authorization in Flask?
10. What is Flask's application context and request context?
11. How can you handle file uploads in Flask?
12. Explain Flask's error handling mechanism.
13. What is Flask's session object and how is it used for managing user sessions?
14. What is Flask-RESTful? How does it help in building RESTful APIs?
15. How can you handle database migrations in Flask?
16. Describe Flask's testing framework and how it can be used for unit testing.
17. Explain how Flask handles static files and assets.
18. What is Flask's debug mode and when should it be used?
19. How can you deploy a Flask application to a production environment?
20. Can you discuss any real-world projects you have built using Flask?

These questions should help you prepare for a Flask interview. Remember to practice and
review the Flask documentation to ensure a strong understanding of the framework. Good luck!
PYTHON
Easy:

1. What is Python and why is it widely used?

2. Explain the difference between Python 2 and Python 3.
3. How do you define a function in Python?
4. What are the main data types in Python?
5. How do you handle exceptions in Python?

Medium:

6. What is a generator in Python and how is it different from a regular function?

7. Explain the concept of a decorator in Python.
8. How does Python handle memory management?
9. What are the differences between a list and a tuple in Python?
10. How do you handle file I/O operations in Python?

Hard:

11. Describe the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) in Python and its impact on multi-threaded
applications.
12. Explain the concept of generators and iterators in Python.
13. What are the differences between shallow copy and deep copy in Python?
14. How does Python support object-oriented programming (OOP)?
15. Explain the purpose and usage of Python's context managers.

16. What is the purpose of lambda functions in Python and provide an example use case.
17. How does Python handle garbage collection?
18. What are the differences between mutable and immutable objects in Python?
19. Explain the concept of decorators with parameters in Python.
20. How do you handle concurrency and parallelism in Python?

Remember to adjust the difficulty level based on the candidate's experience and the
requirements of the position you are hiring for.
FLASK
Easy:

1. What is Flask and what are its main features?

2. How do you create a basic Flask application?
3. Explain the concept of routing in Flask.
4. How do you access request data in Flask?
5. What is the purpose of Flask's template engine?
Medium:

1. What is the difference between Flask and Django?

2. How does Flask handle database connectivity?
3. Explain the concept of Flask blueprints and their use cases.
4. How can you handle form data in Flask?
5. What is Flask-WTF and how can it be used for form validation?
Hard:

1. Describe the Flask application context and request context.

2. How does Flask handle sessions and provide session management?
3. Explain the role of Flask extensions and provide examples of popular extensions.
4. How can you implement authentication and authorization in Flask?
5. Describe the process of deploying a Flask application to a production server.
6. What is the purpose of Flask's error handling mechanisms, such as error handlers and
exception handling?
7. How can you handle file uploads in Flask?
8. Explain the concept of middleware in Flask and provide an example use case.
9. What are the different ways to manage configuration in Flask?
10. How can you improve the performance of a Flask application?
DJANGO
Easy:

1. What is Django and what are its main features?

2. Explain the concept of "MVT" in Django.
3. How do you create a new Django project?
4. What is the purpose of Django's ORM (Object-Relational Mapping)?
5. How do you define a URL pattern in Django?
Medium:

1. What is the difference between Django's function-based views and class-based views?
2. How does Django handle database migrations?
3. Explain the purpose of Django's built-in authentication system.
4. How do you use Django's template system to display data from a database?
5. What are Django signals and how can they be used?
6. What is a MixIn?
Hard:

1. Describe the request/response cycle in Django.

2. How does Django handle security and protect against common web vulnerabilities?
3. What is the purpose of middleware in Django and provide an example use case.
4. Explain the concept of caching in Django and how it can improve performance.
5. Describe the steps involved in deploying a Django application to a production server.
6. What are the different types of model fields available in Django and when would you use
each one?
7. How can you optimize database queries in Django to improve performance?
8. What is the purpose of Django's forms and how are they used?
9. Explain how Django handles sessions and provides session management.
10. What are the advantages of using Django's built-in admin interface and how can you
customize it?
DJANGO REST FRAMEWORK
Easy:

1. What is Django Rest Framework and why is it used?

2. How do you create a basic API view using Django Rest Framework?
3. Explain the purpose of serializers in Django Rest Framework.
4. How do you handle authentication in Django Rest Framework?
5. What are the main HTTP methods used in Django Rest Framework?

Medium:

6. How do you implement pagination in Django Rest Framework?

7. Explain the concept of viewsets and routers in Django Rest Framework.
8. How can you implement versioning in Django Rest Framework?
9. What are the differences between Function-based views and Class-based views in Django
Rest Framework?
10. How do you handle nested relationships in serializers with Django Rest Framework?

Hard:

11. Explain the concept of permission classes and authentication classes in Django Rest
Framework.
12. How do you handle file uploads and media files with Django Rest Framework?
13. What are the differences between Serializers and ModelSerializers in Django Rest
Framework?
14. How do you handle data validation and input sanitization in Django Rest Framework?
15. Explain the purpose of throttling and rate limiting in Django Rest Framework.

16. How can you implement filtering and searching functionality in Django Rest Framework?
17. What are the different authentication mechanisms supported by Django Rest Framework?
18. Explain the concept of content negotiation in Django Rest Framework.
19. How do you handle nested resources and hyperlinked relationships in Django Rest
Framework?
20. What are the best practices for testing APIs in Django Rest Framework?
FASTAPI
Easy:
1. What is FastAPI, and why is it used?
2. How do you define a simple GET endpoint in FastAPI?
3. What is Pydantic, and how is it used in FastAPI?
4. How do you install FastAPI and run a FastAPI application?
5. What are the main advantages of FastAPI compared to other frameworks like Flask or
Django?

Medium:
1. How can you define query parameters and path parameters in FastAPI?
2. Explain how dependency injection works in FastAPI.
3. How do you handle request validation in FastAPI?
4. What is the purpose of the @app.middleware decorator, and how do you use it?
5. How can you serve static files in a FastAPI application?

Difficult:
1. Explain how you would handle WebSocket communication in FastAPI.
2. Describe the process of adding OAuth2 authentication to a FastAPI app.
3. How do you implement background tasks in FastAPI?
4. How would you optimize a FastAPI application for high performance in a production
environment?
5. Discuss the approach for implementing custom exception handlers in FastAPI.

Random:
1. How do you manage CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) in FastAPI?
2. How would you integrate a database like PostgreSQL with FastAPI?
3. Can you explain the purpose of BaseModel in Pydantic and its role in FastAPI?
4. How do you test FastAPI endpoints?
5. How can you enable HTTPS in a FastAPI application?
SOCKET-IO
Certainly! Here's a list of 20 Socket.IO-related interview questions divided into three difficulty
levels: easy, medium, and hard.

Easy:

1. What is Socket.IO and what is it used for?

2. Explain the difference between WebSocket and Socket.IO.
3. How do you establish a connection using Socket.IO?
4. What are the main events in Socket.IO?
5. How do you emit an event from the server to the client using Socket.IO?

Medium:

6. How can you handle custom events in Socket.IO?

7. Explain the concept of rooms and namespaces in Socket.IO.
8. How do you broadcast messages to multiple clients in Socket.IO?
9. What are the different acknowledgement mechanisms in Socket.IO?
10. How can you handle disconnections and reconnections in Socket.IO?

Hard:

11. Describe the architecture and components of a Socket.IO application.

12. How does Socket.IO handle message serialization and deserialization?
13. Explain the concept of socket.io-redis and its use in scaling Socket.IO applications.
14. How can you handle authentication and authorization in Socket.IO?
15. What are the different transport protocols supported by Socket.IO?

16. How can you implement error handling and logging in Socket.IO?
17. Explain the concept of rooms and namespaces and their use cases in Socket.IO.
18. How can you handle binary data transmission in Socket.IO?
19. What are the potential challenges and considerations when using Socket.IO in a production
environment?
20. Describe the process of scaling a Socket.IO application for high traffic and concurrent
connections.
AI/ML
Easy:

1. What is AI (Artificial Intelligence) and ML (Machine Learning)?

2. Explain the difference between supervised and unsupervised learning.
3. What is the role of training and testing data in machine learning?
4. What are the main challenges in implementing AI/ML solutions?
5. How do you evaluate the performance of a machine learning model?

Medium:

6. Explain the concept of overfitting and underfitting in machine learning.

7. What is the difference between classification and regression in machine learning?
8. How do you handle missing data in a machine learning dataset?
9. Explain the concept of feature engineering and its importance in machine learning.
10. What are the main steps involved in building a machine learning pipeline?

Hard:

11. Describe the different types of neural networks used in deep learning.
12. How does backpropagation work in neural networks?
13. What are the advantages and disadvantages of ensemble learning methods?
14. Explain the concept of dimensionality reduction and provide examples of techniques used.
15. What is reinforcement learning and how is it different from supervised and unsupervised
learning?

16. How can you handle imbalanced datasets in machine learning?

17. What are the challenges and considerations when deploying machine learning models in a
production environment?
18. Describe the concept of transfer learning and its applications in deep learning.
19. What are the ethical considerations in AI/ML development and deployment?
20. How can you handle bias and fairness issues in machine learning algorithms?

Remember to adjust the difficulty level based on the candidate's experience and the
requirements of the position you are hiring for.