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LED screens use tiny light emitting diodes to produce vibrant colors, making them suitable for large outdoor displays, while LCD screens rely on liquid crystals and require backlighting, typically from LEDs or CCFL. OLED technology represents a significant advancement, utilizing organic materials to create self-lighting screens that are thinner, more flexible, and more energy-efficient than both LED and LCD screens. The flexibility of OLEDs opens up innovative applications, such as foldable displays and integration into smart clothing.

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LED screens use tiny light emitting diodes to produce vibrant colors, making them suitable for large outdoor displays, while LCD screens rely on liquid crystals and require backlighting, typically from LEDs or CCFL. OLED technology represents a significant advancement, utilizing organic materials to create self-lighting screens that are thinner, more flexible, and more energy-efficient than both LED and LCD screens. The flexibility of OLEDs opens up innovative applications, such as foldable displays and integration into smart clothing.

Uploaded by

chaitragholkar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LED and LCD screens

LED screens

 An LED screen is made up of tiny light emitting diodes (LEDs).


 Each LED is either red, green or blue in colour.
 By varying the electric current sent to each LED, its brightness can be controlled, producing a vast
range of colours.
 This type of screen tends to be used for large outdoor displays due to the brilliance of the colours
produced.
 Recent advancements in LED technology have led to the introduction of OLED (organic LED) screens
(see later).

LCD screens

LCD screens are made up of tiny liquid crystals.

These tiny crystals make up an entertaining array of pixels that are affected by changes in applied electric
fields.

How this works is outside the scope of this book. But the important thing to realize is that for LCD screens
to work, they require some form of backlighting.

Because LCD’s don’t produce any light, LCD screens are back-lit.

Before the use of LEDs, LCD screens used cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) as the back-lit method.

Essentially, CCFL uses two fluorescent tubes behind the LCD screen which supply the light source. When
LEDs are used, a matrix of tiny blue-white LEDs is used behind the LCD screen.

LEDs have become increasingly more popular, as the method of back lighting, due to a number of
advantages over older CCFL technology:

1. » LEDs reach their maximum brightness almost immediately


2. » LEDs give a whiter light that sharpens the image and makes the colours appear more vivid;
CCFL had a slightly yellowish tint
3. » LEDs produce a brighter light that improves the color definition
4. » monitors using LED technology are much thinner than monitors using CCFL technology
5. » LEDs last indefinitely; this makes the technology more reliable and makes for a more
consistent product
6. » LEDs consume very little power which means they produce less heat as well as using less
energy.
Organic light emitting diodes (OLED)

Newer LED technology is making use of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs).

These use organic materials (made up of carbon compounds) to create semiconductors that are very
flexible.

Organic films are sandwiched between two charged electrodes

(one is a metallic cathode and the other a glass anode).

When an electric field is applied to the electrodes, they give off light.

This means that no form of backlighting is required. This allows for very thin screens.

It also means that there is no longer a need to use LCD technology, since OLED is a self-contained system.

But the important aspect of OLED technology is how thin this makes the screen. It is possible, using OLED
technology, to bend screens to any shape (see Figure 3.45). When this is adopted by mobile phone
manufacturers, it makes it possible to develop phones that can wrap around your wrist – much like a
watch strap. Imagine screens so thin that they can be folded up and placed in your pocket until they are
needed.

Or how about using folding OLED displays attached to fabrics creating ‘smart’ clothing (this could be used
on outdoor survival clothing where an integrated circuit, mobile phone, GPS receiver and OLED display
could all be sewn into the clothing)?

Advantages of using OLED compared to existing LEDs and LCDs:

» The plastic, organic layers of an OLED are thinner, lighter and more flexible than the crystal structures
used in LEDs or LCDs.

» The light-emitting layers of an OLED are lighter; OLED layers can be made from plastic rather than the
glass as used in LED and LCD screens.

» OLEDs give a brighter light than LEDs.

» OLEDs do not require backlighting like LCD screens – OLEDs generate their own light.
» Since OLEDs require no backlighting, they use much less power than LCD screens (most of the LCD
power is used to do the backlighting); this is very important in battery-operated devices such as mobile
phones.

» Since OLEDs are essentially plastics, they can be made into large, thin sheets

(this means they could be used on large advertising boards in airports, subways, and so on).

» OLEDs have a very large field of view, about 170degrees, which makes them ideal for use in television
sets and for advertising screens.

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