University of Science and Technology of Oran. Exercise 10 Let α, β ∈ R.

Calculate the following sums

Department: Mathematics. Cycle: Bachlor of Mathematics
n n n
Matter: Complex Analysis Level: Second year graduate X X X
Cnk cos(α + kβ). Cnk sin(α + kβ). (−1)k cos(α + kβ).
1- Exercises on the field of complex numbers and
k=0 k=0 k=0
topological properties of C n n
X cos(kα) X sin(kα)
. with cos(α) 6= 0.
Exercise 1 . cosk (α) cosk (α)
k=0 k=1

1. Show that an algebraic equation in one complex variable Exercise 11 Let a ∈ R and n ∈ N.
z of the 4th degree az 4 +bz 3 +cz 2 +dz +e = 0 can always
be reduced to an equation of the form z 4 +az 2 +bz+c = 0. 1. Solve the equation (z + 1)n = cos(2na) + i sin(2na).
2. Deduce a simplified expression of
2. Let ω ∈ C. Determine α, β, γ in terms of ω (and a, b, c)
such that n−1  
Y kπ
sin a +
z 4 + az 2 + bz + c = 0 ⇔ (z 2 + ω)2 = αz 2 + βz + γ n
k=0

a
(Hint: The product of roots of a polynomial P is aqual
3. Find a 3rd degree equation that ω must satisfy such that deg P
to (−1) multiplied by the constant term of P ).
αz 2 + βz + γ is a perfect square.

r
Exercise 12 Show that if z is a n-root of 1 and z 6= 1 then
4. Deduce a method for solving 4th order equations.

ka
z n−1 + z n−2 + ... + z + 1 = 0
Exercise 2 Write the following complex numbers in trigono-
metric form : Exercise 13 Show that
√ !2024 ∀x ∈ R, ∃M > 0, ∀n ∈ N,
1+i 3 n
z= . w = (1 + cos(θ) + i sin(θ)) |sin x + sin 2x + ... + sin nx| ≤ M
1−i

Exercise 3 Calculate the modulus and an argument of the k |cos x + cos 2x + ... + cos nx| ≤ M

Deduce that the series

P sin n
n and
P cos n
n are convergent.
Be
complex number
√ √
Exercise 14 Let P (z) = a0 +a1 z +...+an z n be a polynomial
−1 + 3 − i 1 + 3
z= with a complex variable and real coefficients. Show that
1+i
∀z0 ∈ C, P (z0 ) = 0 ⇔ P (z0 ) = 0
Deduce the exact values of cos 19π and sin 19π



12 12 .
What does it mean?
Exercise 4 Let z ∈ C with z 6= 1 and Imz 6= 0. We set
z 0 = 1−z
z−1
. Exercise 15 Show that if a, b, c, d ∈ N, then there exits
ir

z 0 −1 z 0 +1
Show that: 1) |z | = 1. 2) z−1 is purely real. 3) z−1 is n, m ∈ N such that
0

purely imaginary.
a2 + b2 c2 + d2 = n2 + m2

Exercise 5 Show that for z, z1 , z2 , z3 ∈ C

m

(that is the product of the sum of two squares is the sum of

two squares).
|Rez| ≤ |z| , |Imz| ≤ |z| , |z1 + z2 | ≤ |z1 | + |z2 | ,
||z1 | − |z2 || ≤ |z1 − z2 | , Exercise 16 Let α, β ∈ R.
2 2

2 2
 1) Write the complex number z = eiα + eiβ in exponential
|z1 + z2 | − |z1 − z2 | = 2 |z1 | + |z2 | form (Hint: use the following change of variables α = u + v,
Sa

β = u − v). Pn
2) Calculate p=0 Cnp cos (αp + (n − p) β).
Exercise 6 Prove that for all z1 , z2 ∈ C
   Exercise 17 Let α ∈ C and n ∈ N, n ≥ 2.
2 2 2 2
|1 − z̄1 z2 | − |z1 − z2 | = 1 − |z1 | 1 − |z2 |
1. Solve in C the equation
Exercise 7 Solve in C the equation z 2 − 2 cos (α) z + 1 = 0

z 3 = z̄ and write the solutions in exponential form..

Exercise 8 Determine the cubic roots of l = 3 + 3i. 2. Deduce the solutions of the equation z 2n − 2 cos (α) z n +
1 = 0 and write them in exponential form.
a−b
Exercise 9 Let a, b ∈ C. We set c = 1−ab . 3. Let Pα (z) = z 2n − 2 cos (α) z n + 1. Justify the following
factorisation:
1. Show that: |c| = 1 ⇔ |a| = 1 ∨ |b| = 1.
n−1
Y   
α + 2kπ
2. Find a necessary and sufficient condition on |a| and |b| Pα (z) = z 2 − 2 cos +1
so that |c| < 1. n
k=0

1
 4. Calculate Pα (1) and deduce that Exercise 4 Does the following limits exist
n−1  
sin2 α2

1 − z̄ zRez
Y α + 2kπ lim , lim ,
sin2 = z→1 1 − z z→0 |z|
2n 4n−1
k=0 1 − z̄ z Rez z
lim , lim , lim , lim
z→1 1 − z z→−1 1 + z̄ z→0 z z→0 |z|
5. Deduce that for all α ∈]0, π[
Exercise 5 Is the function f (z) = z̄ 2 − z 2 , z ∈ C derivable
n−1   α


Y α + 2kπ sin 2 at 0.
sin = α


k=0
2n 2n−1 sin 2n
Exercise 6 At what point of C, the ollowing functions are
derivables (in complex sens)
6. Deduce that
f1 : C → C f : C → C f : C → C
, 2 , 3
   
π 2π (n − 1) π n
sin sin ... sin = n−1 z → Rez z → Imz z → z
n n n 2

a
Exercise 7 1) Check if the following functions are holomor-
Exercise 18 Wr recall that an order relation  on a field K phe or not
is sayed compatible with the operations of the field if

r
f1 (z) = sin(x) cosh(y) + i sinh(y) cos(x), f2 (z) = zRez
∀a, b, c ∈ K, a  b ⇒ a + c  b + c f3 (z) = cos(x) cosh(y) − i sin(x) cos(y); ∀z = x + iy ∈ R + iR.

ka
(0  a ∧ 0  b) ⇒ 0  ab 1 − z̄ 1+z
f4 (z) = , ∀z, z̄ 6= −1, f5 (z) = , z 6= 1
We consider on C the relation: 1 + z̄ 1 −z
p
0 0 2) Let f (z) = |xy|, ∀z = x + iy ∈ R + iR. Show that
∀z, z ∈ C, zz ⇔
f isn’t derivable at 0 but the Cauchy-Riemann conditions are
(Re(z) < Re(z )) or (Re(z) = Re(z 0 ) and Im(z) ≤ Im(z 0 )) verified.
0

1. Show that  is a total order relation on C.

k
Exercise 8 1) Let f : U → C where U is open in C and
z = x + iy0 ∈ U, x0 , y0 ∈ R.
Be
2. Prove that  is not compatible with the operations of C. 0 ∂f 0
If ∂x (x0 , y0 ) and ∂f∂y (x0 , y0 ) exist then we put
3. More generally, prove that on C, there is no total ordre  
relation compatible with the operations of C. ∂f 1 ∂f ∂f
(z0 ) = (x0 , y0 ) + i (x0 , y0 )
∂z 2 ∂x ∂y
Exercise 19 Determine the topological nature of the follow-
 
∂f 1 ∂f ∂f
ing sets (z0 ) = (x0 , y0 ) − i (x0 , y0 )
∂z 2 ∂x ∂y
A = {z ∈ C, |z| ≤ 1} ∪ {z ∈ C, |z − i| ≤ 1} Calculate ∂f
and ∂f
in the following cases
ir

n ∗ ∂z ∂z
B = {z ∈ C, z = 1} ; n ∈ N
C = C \ {z ∈ C, Re(z) < 0 et Im(z) = 0} f (z) = z 3 . f (z) = z. f (z) = ex (cos(y) + i sin(y))
n π πo y
D = reiθ ∈ C, r ≤ 5, <θ< f (z) = |z|. f (z) = ln | z | + i arctan .
x
m

6 3
Exercise 20 Using the stereographic projection of the north Exercise 9 Let f : U → C where U is open in C and z0 =
pole, define a metric on C∞ = C ∪ {∞} giving its expression. x0 + iy0 ∈ U, x0 , y0 ∈ R.
We say that f is antiderivable at z0 if f is derivable at z0 .
Exercises on functions with complex variable Show that:
Sa

f (z) − f (z0 )
Exercise 1 Let the complex function f (z) = z1 , z ∈ C∗ and 1) f is antiderivable at z0 ⇔ lim exists
let a ∈ R.
z→z0 z − z0
Determine f (A) in the following cases and make a geomet- ⇔ z → f (z) is derivable at z0 (if it’s well defined)
ric representationgéométrique of A and f (A) ∂f
2) f is antiderivable at z0 ⇒ (z0 ) = 0.
∂z
A = {z ∈ C, Rez = a} ∂f
3) f derivable atz0 ⇒ (z0 ) = 0.
A = {z ∈ C, |z| = a} ∂z
A = {z ∈ C, arg z = a + 2kπ, k ∈ Z} What can we say about the functions of the above exercise?
Exercise 2 Find f (A) where A = {z ∈ C, |z| = a} for
f (z) = z + z1 and for f (z) = z − z1 . Exercise 10 1) Let f : U → C where U is open in C and f
is of classe C 1 and f 0 is holomorphic on U . Show that Ref
Exercise 3 Find the inverse function of f in the following 2 2
and Imf are harmonic on U (that is ∆f := ∂∂xf2 + ∂∂yf2 = 0).
cassess and give f −1 in term of f
2) Let the function ϕ(x, y) = x3 − 3xy 2 + x, ∀(x, y) ∈ R2 .
1 z−1 Show that ϕ is harmonic and that ϕ is the real part of a
f (z) = , z ∈ C∗ . f (z) = , z 6= −1.
z z+1 holomorphic function that you have to determine.

2
 1
Exercise 11 Show that if D is an open disc in C and f : Exercise 3 1) Show that the function f (z) = 2−3z , z 6= 23
U → C is a holomorphic function such that is analytic giving its development in power seris at any point
z0 6= 23 .
∀z ∈ D, f (z) ∈ R
2) Calculate f (2024) (1445)?
then f is constant.
Exercise 4 1) Show that the function f : C∗ → C, z → z1 is
Exercise 12 Let f : D → C a map on a domain D in C. analytic on C∗ .
Prove that if f and f are holomorphic then f is constant. 2) Deduce that the quotient of two analytic functions is
analytic (where it’s well defined).
Exercise 13 Let f : D → C be a holomorphic application on
a domain D in C. Exercise 5 1) Show that if two analytic functions on an open
Prove that if ∂f
∂z (z) = 0 then f is constant.
set U ⊂ C are equal on a convergent sequence then they are
equal on any domain containing the sequence, i.e if f : D → C
Exercise 14 Let f : D → C an holomorphic function on a and g : D → C are two analytic functions on a domain D,
domain D in C such that |f | is constant. and if there exists a sequence (zn )n ⊂ D such that (zn )n is
convergent and f (zn ) = g (zn ) , ∀n, then f (z) = g (z) , ∀z ∈

a
1. Recall the Cauchy-Riemann conditions.
D (use the principle of isolated zeros).
2 2
2. By deriving (Ref ) (x, y) + (Imf ) (x, y) , show that for 2) Deduce that if two analytic functions on an open set
all z = x + iy ∈ D: U ⊂ C are equal on an interval ]a, b[⊂ R with a < b then

r
thery are equal on any domaine containing ]a, b[.
∂ (Ref ) ∂ (Imf )
(x, y) = 0 and (x, y) = 0

ka
∂x ∂x Exercise 6 Let f an analytic function defined on D (0, 1)
such that
3. Deduce that f is constant.
 
1 1
f = , ∀n ∈ N∗
2 n ln n
Exercise 15 Let (x0 , y0 ) ∈ R , U a neighbourhood of
(x0 , y0 ), ϕ : U → R a map and v = (a, b) ∈ R2 \ {(0, 0)} 1) Show that f (z p ) = p1 f (z) , ∀p ∈ N∗ , ∀z ∈ D (0, 1) (use

ϕ (x0 + ta, y0 + tb) − ϕ (x0 , y0 )

k
a vector. We say that ϕ admits a directionnal derivative ac- the principle of isolated zeros).
cording to the vector (a, b) at (x0 , y0 ) if 2) Show that f (k) (0) = 0, ∀k ∈ N.
3)Deduce that there is no analytic function f defined on
Be
lim D (0, 1) such that
t→0 t
 
exists. We denote then the limit by ∂ϕ 1 1
∂v (x ,
0 0y ), that is f = , ∀n ∈ N∗
n ln n
∂ϕ ϕ ((x0 , y0 ) + tv) − ϕ (x0 , y0 )
(x0 , y0 ) = lim Exercise 7 Let f : D (0, 1) → C an analytic map.
∂v t→0 t
ϕ (x0 + ta, y0 + tb) − ϕ (x0 , y0 )
1. Show that if f n1 = 2n+1 1
, ∀n ∈ N∗ , then


= lim
t→0 t
z
ir

1. For v = (1, 0) and v = (0, 1), what does ∂ϕ ∂v (x0 , y0 ) rep-

f (z) = , ∀z ∈ D (0, 1)
z+2
resent?
2. Show that if f −1 1
, ∀n ∈ N∗ , then


2. Let z0 = x0 + iy0 ∈ C, A a neighbourhood of n = 2n+1
z0 , f : A → C a derivable map at z0 and v =
m

z
(a, b) ∈ R2 \ {(0, 0)} and w = (−b, a) ∈ R2 \ {(0, 0)}. f (z) = , ∀z ∈ D (0, 1)
z−2
Find a conditions similar to the Cauchy-Riemann con-
ditions on ∂(Ref ∂v
)
(x0 , y0 ) , ∂(Ref )
∂w (x0 , y0 ) ,
∂(Imf )
∂v (x0 , y0 ) 3. Deduce that there is no analytic function f defined on
∂(Imf )
and ∂w (x0 , y0 ). (they are called the generalized D (0, 1) such that
Sa

Cauchy-Riemann conditions).    
1 −1 1
Exercise 16 Determine the Cauchy-Riemann conditions in f =f = , ∀n ∈ N∗
n n 2n + 1
terms of polar coordinates.

Exercises an analytic Functions Exercise 8 Let f : D (0, 1) → C be an analytic map such

that  
Exercise 1 1) For all z0 ∈ C\ {0} and z ∈ D (z0 , |z0 |), cal- 1
f = e−n , ∀n ∈ N∗
culate n
2 n
1 z − z0 (z − z0 ) n (z − z0 ) 1. Calculate f (0).
− 2 + 3 + ... + (−1) + ......
z0 z0 z0 z0n+1
2. Show that
2) Deduce. 
1
  
1
f =f p
, ∀n ∈ N∗ , ∀p ∈ N∗
Exercise 2 Give the set of definition of the following func- pn n
tions  
∞
X ∞
X 3. Deduce that f 1
pz = f p (z) , ∀z ∈ D (0, 1) , ∀p ∈ N∗ .
n
f (z) = (3 + (−1)n ) z n , g(z) = z n!
n=1 n=1 4. Deduce that f (k) (0) = 0, ∀k ∈ N.

3
 5. Deduce that there is no analytic function f defined on Exercise 3 Check the Cauchy-Reimann conditions for
D (0, 1) such that
f (z) = sin z 2 , g (z) = esinh(z) .


 
1
f = e−n , ∀n ∈ N∗
n Exercise 4 1) Show that

Exercise 9 Let f : C → C an entire function, f (z) = sinh z = −i sin (iz) , cosh z = cos (iz) , ∀z ∈ C
an z n , an ∈ C such that
P
2) Show in four different ways that
n0
∃M > 0, ∃r0 > 0, ∃n0 ∈ N∗ , |f (z)| ≤ M |z| , ∀ |z| > r0
cosh2 z − sinh2 z = 1, ∀z ∈ C
1. Show that for all r ≥ r0 π
Exercise 5 Show that for z ∈ C\ 2 + kπ, k ∈ Z
n0
|f (z)| ≤ M |z| , ∀ |z| > r
1 e2iz − 1 1
tan z = , tan (z + π) = tan z, tan0 (z) =
2. Let r > r0 . Using the Cauchy inequalities, show that i e2iz + 1 cos2 z

a
sup |f (z)| Deduce Re(tan z), Im(tan z) and | tan z|.
|z|=r
|an | ≤ , ∀n ∈ N

r
rn Exercise 6 Let D be a un domain in C and f and g two
functions defined on D.

ka
3. Deduce that for all n > n0 and all r > r0
M 1. Show that if f and g are two branchs of logarithm on D
|an | ≤ then
rn−n0
∃k ∈ Z, g (z) = f (z) + 2kπi, ∀z ∈ D
4. Deduce that for all n > n0 , we have an = 0.
2. Deduce that if f is a branch of logarithm on D then
5. Deduce that f is a polynomial.

Exercises on elementary functions k ∃k ∈ Z, f (z) = log (z) + 2kπi, ∀z ∈ D ∩ C\R∗−

Be
Exercise 1 Show that for all z, z 0 ∈ C and all k ∈ Z 3. What are the possible values of ln(−1) where ln is a
branch of logarithm.
k
1. e−z = 1
ez , ez 6= 0 and ekz = (ez ) .
Exercises on Cauchy’s integral and applications
2. exp0 (z) = exp (z) , cos0 (z) = sin z, sin0 (z) = cos z.
R
3. cos (−z) = cos z, sin (−z) = − sin z Exercise 1 Calculate γi
f in the following cases

4. exp (iz) = cos (z) + i sin z. f (z) = |z| , γ f (z) = z 2

ir

5. exp (z) = ex (cos (y) + i sin (y)) , ∀z = x + iy ∈ R + iR where γ1 is the closed upper semicircle of centre 0 and radius
in particular 1 and γ2 is the three upper sides of the square of vertices
0, 1, 1 + i and i.
m

|exp (z)| = ex and arg (exp (z)) = y + 2kπ, k ∈ Z

0
Exercise 2 Calculate the following integrals
6. ez+2ikπ = ez et ez = ez ⇔ ∃p ∈ Z, z = z 0 + 2ipπ
eiz ez − e−z
Z Z Z Z
cos z 1
7. cos z = eiz +e−iz
and sin z = eiz −e−iz , 2
, 2
, ;n ∈ N
z + 1 − i γ0,2 z + 1 γ0,1 z zn
Sa

2 2i γ0,3 γ0,1

z2 + 1
Z Z Z
Exercise 2 Show that for z, z 0 ∈ C sin z log z
, , ; r ∈ R∗+ − {2} ,
γ0,1 zn γ 1 z
n 2
γ0,r z (z + 4)
1,
1. cos2 (z) + sin2 (z) = 1. Z 2

cos z
dz
2. cos (z ± z 0 ) = cos z cos z 0 ∓ sin z sin z 0 . γ1,0 z 3 (z − 2)
0 0 0
3. sin (z ± z ) = sin z cos z ± cos z sin z .
Exercise 3 Calculate the following integrals
4. cos (z + 2kπ) = cos z, sin (z + 2kπ) = sin z Z 2π
sin (sin t + i cos t) dt,
5. cos z + π2 = sin (z + π) = − sin z.


0
2π
(−a sin t + ib cos t) ea cos t+ib sin t
Z
6. cos z = cos x cosh y − i sin x sinh y, ∀z = x + iy ∈ R + iR. dt; a, b ∈ R∗+
0 a cos t + ib sin t
7. sin z = sin x cosh y + i cos x sinh y, ∀z = x + iy ∈ R + iR.


z 4 + z where
R
Exercise 4 Calculate γ
8. Deduce Re(cos z) , Im(cos z) , Re(sin z) ,Im(sin z), |cos z|
and |sin z|.
γ: [−1, 1] → C

9. Are the functions |sin| and |cos| bounded on C? t → γ(t) = t + i t3 − t

4
 Exercise 2 1) Determine the singular points of the following
fonctions and their natures:

cos π2 z


ez − 1 1
f1 (z) = , f2 (z) = 2 , f3 (z) = 2
z (z 2 + 4) (z − 1) (z 2 − 4)
sin z1


1 1
f4 (z) = 2 , f5 (z) = ez + e z , f6 (z) = 3
z (z − π) z − z4
sin z 1 z−2
f7 (z) = , f8 (z) = 4 , f9 (z) = 2
z z +1 (z + 1) (z − 1)
z2 1 − cos (z)
Exercise 5 Calculate f10 (z) = 2 , f11 (z) =
+ 1) (z 2 + 2z + 5)(z 2 z2
z−3
Z Z

, sin (z) z sin z 2 1
3
γ z (z − 1)
2
µ
f12 (z) = , f13 (z) = 2 π

, f14 (z) = 3
sin z z z− 4 z +1

a
z
where
γ is the square 1 e z−2

of vertices f (z) =
15 , f16 (z) = 2 , f17 (z) = 3
a1 12 , −1 , a2 (2, −1) , a3 (2, 1) and a4 12 , 1 taken in the z 2 (1 − z) (z + 1) (z 2 − 5z + 6)
direction a1 → a4 → a3 →
a2 → a1 , and µ is the polygonal
sin z 2


sin2 (z)

r
line of vertices a1 12 , −1 , a2 (2, −1) , a3 (2, 1) and a4 12 , 1 f18 (z) = 2 , f19 (z) = 2 3
z (z − π) (z − 2π) (z − π)
taken in the direction a1 → a2 → a3 → a4 .

ka
2) Calculate the residue at the singular points found.
Exercise 6 Let a, b ∈ R∗+ .
Exercise 3 Calculate the following integrals (all the curves
1. Calculate γ z1 where
R
are taken in the direct direction)

γ: [0, 2π] → ez − 1
Z Z
C cos (z)

2. Deduce the value of

t → γ(t) = a cos t + ib sin t

k |z|=1
Z
z
dz, 2
(z − 1) (z 2 − 4)
|z|= 12

cos (z)
dz

Z
cos z
Be
2 dz,
Z 2π (z − 1) (z 2 − 4) |z−1|=1 z2 − 1
1 |z+i|=3
dt
0 a2 cos2 t + b2 sin2 t
Exercise 4 By the residue theorem, calculate
Exercise 7 . Z
z2 + 1
2
; r ∈ R∗+ − {2}
1. Calculate γ0,r z (z + 4)

ez
Z
(discuss the cases r < 2 and r > 2).
where γ0,1 (t) = eit , t ∈ [0, 2π]
ir

γ0,1 z
Exercise 5 Calculate, using residues, the following integrals
it
2. For t ∈ R, write e(e ) in algebraic form.
Z +∞ Z +∞ Z +∞
1 x (x + 1) dx dx
dx, , n,
m

2 2 2
−∞ (x + 1)
2 2
−∞ (x + 4) −∞ (x + 1)
3. Deduce the value of Z +∞ Z π
dx 1
Z 2π 4 + x2 + 1
, dt; a > 1
0 x 0 a + cos t
ecos t cos (sin t) dt Z π Z π
0 cos (2t) dt 2 dt
; a < 1, 2;a > 1
Sa

1 − 2a cos t + a 2
0 0 (a + cos t)
Exercise 8 Let D a domain and f : D → C an analytic
map. Suppose that |f | admits a minimum on D, that is, there
is a ∈ D, |f (a)| = min |f (z)|. Show that f (a) = 0 or f is
z∈D
constant.

Exercise 9 Let f : C → C and g : C → C two C 1 maps such

that g (z) 6= 0, ∀z ∈ C and

∃M > 0, |f (z)| ≤ M |g (z)| , ∀z ∈ C

Show that: ∃λ ∈ C, f (z) = λg (z) , ∀z ∈ C.

Exercises on singular points and residue theorem

Exercise 1 Give the Laurant series at singular points of

1 1
f (z) = ez + e z , g (z) = .
z3 − z4