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TCP

The document provides an overview of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), detailing its role within the Internet protocol suite and its relationship with the Internet Protocol (IP). It outlines the four layers of the TCP/IP model, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using TCP/IP, and explains how TCP ensures secure data transmission across networks. Additionally, it highlights various use cases for TCP, including web browsing, email delivery, and file transfer.

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9 views9 pages

TCP

The document provides an overview of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), detailing its role within the Internet protocol suite and its relationship with the Internet Protocol (IP). It outlines the four layers of the TCP/IP model, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using TCP/IP, and explains how TCP ensures secure data transmission across networks. Additionally, it highlights various use cases for TCP, including web browsing, email delivery, and file transfer.

Uploaded by

mahamad.esmael98
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Slemani Polytechnic University

Computer Science Institute


IT 1st Stage
Transmission Control Protocol
Prepared by
Mohammed Ismael
Randi Rebwar
Sumaya Jalil
Darun Hersh
Rayan Farhad
Shene Bahzad

Supervised By
Awat Mohammed
Paiwand Saady

2023-2024
Introduction:
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is one of
the main protocols of the Internet protocol
suite. It lies between the Application and
Network Layers which are used in providing
reliable delivery services.

In this article, we will discuss about


Transmission control protocol in detail. We
will also discuss IP, the Difference between
TCP and IP, and the working process of IP
here. Let’s proceed with the definition of TCP
First.
What is TCP ?
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a
standard that defines how to establish and
maintain a network conversation by which
applications can exchange data.

One of the main communication protocols of


the IP suite, TCP resides at the transport layer
of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
model. It works with the IP, which defines how Why is it called TCP ?
computers send packets of data to each other.
Together, TCP and IP are the basic rules that
define the internet and ensure the successful It is named from two of the most important
delivery of messages over networks. protocols in it: the Transmission Control
Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP),
which were the first two networking protocols
defined in this standard.
Four layers of TCP/IP
TCP/IP is composed of four layers, each of which handles a certain function in the data transmission
process.
The four layers of the TCP/IP stack include the following:

• The topmost layer, the application layer, is in charge of providing support for
Application certain services and applications. It covers a wide range of protocols, including
File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMPT)and HTTP

• This layer enables devices to communicate with each other end-to-end. By utilizing
protocols such as User Datagram Protocol (UPD)and TCP, it guarantees the consistent and
Transport systematic delivery of data packets. While UDP enables quicker, connectionless
communication, TCP connection delivers dependable, connection-oriented communication

• Data packet addressing, routing and fragmentation across various networks are
handled by the internet layer. It makes use of the internet protocol to provide
Internet devices with distinct IP addressing and, guarantee that packets reach their
intended locations.

• sometimes referred to as the data link layer manages the network infrastructure
that enables computer communication over the internet. The main components
Network include device drivers, network interface card ethernet connections and wireless
networks.
Pros and cons of TCP/IP
The advantages of using the TCP/IP model include the following:

1- helps establish a connection between different types of computers


2- works independently of the OS
3- supports many routing protocols
4- supports several routing protocols
5- can be operated independently
6- uses client-server architecture that is highly scalable
7- is lightweight and doesn't place unnecessary strain on a network or computer
The disadvantages of TCP/IP include the following:

1- is complicated to set up and manage.


2- transport layer does not guarantee delivery of packets.
3- is not easy to replace protocols in TCP/IP.
4- does not clearly separate the concepts of services, interfaces
and protocols, so it is not suitable for describing new technologies
in new networks.
5- is especially vulnerable to a synchronization attack, which is a
type of denial-of-service attack in which a bad actor uses TCP/IP.
How does TCP/IP work?
Whenever you send something over the internet — a message, a photo, a file — the TCP/IP model
divides that data into packets according to a four-layer procedure. The data first goes through these
layers in one order, and then in reverse order as the data is reassembled on the receiving end.

A diagram of how the TCP/IP model divides data into packets and sends it through 4 different layers.
The TCP/IP model works because the whole process is standardized. Without standardization,
communication would go haywire and slow things down — and fast internet service relies on efficiency.
As the global standard, the TCP/IP model is one of the most efficient ways to transfer data over the
internet.
What TCP is used for?

TCP is used for organizing data in a way that ensures secure transmission between the
server and the client. It guarantees the integrity of data sent over the network, regardless
of the amount. For this reason, it is used to transmit data from other higher-level
protocols that require all transmitted data to arrive.

Examples of these protocols include the following:

Secure Shell, FTP, Telnet. For peer-to-peer file sharing, and, in Telnet's case, logging into
another user's computer to access a file.
SMTP, Post Office Protocol, Internet Message Access Protocol. For sending and receiving
email.
HTTP. For web access.
These examples all exist at the application layer of the TCP/IP stack and send data
downwards to TCP on the transport layer.
Some important use cases of TCP include the following

Reliable
transfer of Web browsing Email delivery File transfer
data

Virtual private
Database Messaging and
Remote access networks
access chat
(VPNs)

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