Control struCtures

If statement : - The statement is executed only when condition is true. Otherwise, it is

Syntax : -

If(test condition)

Statement A;

Statement x;

Example :-

Write a program check whether given number is even or odd.

#include<stdio.h>

#includr<conio.h>

Void main ()

Int n;

Clrscr();

Printf(“enter number”);

Scanf(“%d”,&n);

If(n%2==0)

Printf(“given number is even”);

Printf (“thanks for using this program “);

Getch();

If else statement : - It is bidirectional conditional control statement that contains one

Syntax : -

If( test condition)

Statement A;

Else

Statement B;

Statement x;

Example : -

Write a program to check whether greatest among two.

#include<stdio.h>

#includr<conio.h>

Void main ()

Int a,b;
Clrscr();

Printf(“enter a and b”);

Scanf(“%d %d”,&a,&b);

if(a>b)

Printf(“a is a greatest”);

else

Printf(“b is greatest”);

Printf(“thanks for using this program”);

Getch();

if else LADDER : - It is used to check more than two condition.

It is used are multiple cases to be performed for different conditions.

Syntax : -

If( test condition 1)

Statement A;

else if(test condition 2)

Statement B;
 }

else if(test condition 3)

Statement C;

else(test condition n)

Statement n;

Example : -

Write a program to print grades of student based on percentage.

#include<stdio.h>

#includr<conio.h>

Void main ()

Float per ;

Clrscr();

Printf(“enter percentage”);

Scanf(“%f”,&per);

if(per>=75)

Printf(“ Distinction”);

else if(per>=60 && per<=75)

{
Printf(“Grade A”);

else if(per>=55 && per<=60)

Printf(“Grade B”);

else if(per>=40 && per<=55)

Printf(“Grade C”);

else

Printf(“Fail”);

Printf(“thanks for using this program”);

Getch();

Nested if else statement : - when there are another if else statement in a if-block, then
it is called nesting of if-else statement

Syntax : -

if(test condition 1)

if(test condition 2)
 {

Statement A;

else

Statement B;

Statement C;

Switch case :- an alternate to if-else-if ladder statement which allows us to execute

Syntax: -

Switch(choice variable )

case 1:

Statement A;

break;

case 2:

Statement B;

Break;

default :

statement n;

Statement x;
Example :-

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

Void main()

Int day-of-w;

Clrscr();

Printf(“enter days of week “);

Scanf(“%d”,&day-of-w);

Switch(w)

Case1:

Printf(“Monday”);

break;

case2:

Printf(“Tuesday”);

Break;

case3:

printf(“Wednesday”);

break;

case4:

Printf(“Thursday”);

break;

case5:

printf(“Friday”);
 break;

case6:

Printf(“Saturday”);

break;

case7:

printf(“Sunday”);

break;

default:

Printf(“ no such day”);

Printf(“thanks for using this program”);

getch();

Go to statement :- go to is statement is use to transfer control of the program

Syntax:-

go to label-name;

Looping statement :- It is used to control flow statements that repeat a block of code
as long as a specified condition is true.

Type of loops

1.while loop : - Here First condition is checked if, it is true body of the loop is excuted
else, If condition is false control will be come out of loop.

Syntax :-
 While(test condition)

Statement A;

Statement B;

Example

Write a program to print 5 times welcome to c.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<coni.h>

Void main()

Int i=1;

Clrscr ();

While(i<=5)

Printf(“welcome to c”);

i++;

getch();

Do while loop :- Here firstly statement inside body is executed then condition is
checked.

Syntax:-

do
 {

Statement A;

while(test condition);

Statement B;

Example: -

Write a program to print 5 times welcome to c.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<coni.h>

Void main( )

Int i=0;

Clrscr();

do

Printf(“welcome to c”);

while(i<=10);

i++;

getch();

for loop : - for loop is most powerful loop is use to purpose of repetition again and
again of this condition is true in sequence,it runs up to the condition is true.
Syntax:-

for(initial condition; final condition; increment & decrement)

Statement A;

Example:-

Write a program to print 5 times welcome to c.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

Void main()

Int I;

Clrscr();

For(i=0;i<=5;i++)

Printf(“welcome to c”);

getch();

Nesting of loop :- when a loop written inside the body of another loop then ,it is known
as nesting of loop.

Syntax:-

For(initial condition; final condition; increment & decrement)

{
 Statement A;

for(initial condition; final condition; increment & decrement)

Statement B;

Example:-

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

Void main()

int i,j,pos;

Clrscr();

Printf(“enter pos”);

Scanf(“%d”,&pos);

for(i=1;i<=pos;i++)

printf(“\n”);

for(“ j=1;j<=I;j++)

Printf(“\t%d”,i);

getch();
}

Break statement:- break statement is used inside loop and switch statement.

It is used to come out of the loop even before loop condition becomes false.

Continue statement :- continue statement is used for continuing next iteration of loop
after skipping some statement of loop.