M1.
(a) D–E
reason only scores if D – E chosen
1
shallowest slope / gradient
accept smallest distance in biggest time
accept longest time to travel the same distance
accept the line is not as steepaccept it is a less steep line
do not accept the line is not steep
1
(b) 80 000
allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie 16 000 × 5 provided
no subsequent step shown
2
(c) (i) straight line starting at origin
accept within one small square of the origin
1
passing through t = 220 and d = 500
1
(i) 186
accept any value between 180 and 188
accept where their line intersects given graph line correctly
read ±4 s
1
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M2. (a) 4.2
2 marks for correct substitution and transformation, ie
1155/275
allow 1 mark for correct resultant force with a subsequent
incorrect method, ie 1155
allow 1 mark for an incorrect resultant force with a
subsequent correct method,
eg answers of 7.27 or 10.34 gain 1 mark
3
(b) (i) YES
marks are for the explanation
any two from:
• data (from police files) can be trusted
• data answers the question asked
allow a conclusion can be made from the data
• large sample used
NO
any two from:
• the sample is not representative
• the sample size is too small
• accident files do not indicate age / experience of riders
an answer YES and NO can score 1 mark from each set of
mark points
2
(ii) more accidents with motorbikes up to 125 cc
accept for 2 marks an answer in terms of number of under
125 cc to accidents ratio compared correctly with number of
over 500 cc to accidents ratio
1
even though there are fewer of these bikes than bikes over 500 cc
1
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(c) (i) increases the time taken to stop
accept increases collision time
1
decreases rate of change in momentum
accept reduces acceleration / deceleration
accept
reduces momentum is insufficient
1
reduces the force (on the rider)
1
(ii) YES
any sensible reason, eg:
the mark is for the reason
• cannot put a price on life / injury
accept may save lives
• fewer (serious) injuries
accept reduces risk of injury
• reduces cost of health care / compensation
NO
any sensible suggestion, eg:
• money better spent on …
needs to be specific
• total number of riders involved is small
1
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M3. (a) 98
allow 1 mark for correct substitution
ie ½ × 0.16 × 35 × 35 provided no subsequent step shown
an answer of 98 000 scores 0
2
(b) (i) 9.6
allow 1 mark for (change in velocity =) 60
ignore negative sign
2
(ii) 9600
ignore negative sign
ortheir (b)(i) ÷ 0.001 correctly calculated, unless (b) (i) equals 0
1
(c) increases the time
1
to reduce/change momentum (to zero)
only scores if 1st mark scored
decreases rate of change of momentum scores both marks
provided there are no contradictions
accept decreased acceleration/deceleration
equations on their own are insufficient
1
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M4. (a) direction
1
(b) 54 000
allow 1 mark for calculating and identifying momentum as 10
800
or
allow 1 mark for correct substitution into second equation
ie
2
(c) increases the time taken (for head) to stop
accept increases impact time
do not accept reference to slowing down time unless
qualified
1
decreases rate of change in momentum
accept reduces acceleration / deceleration
accept increases the time taken to reduce momentum to
zero is worth 2 marks
reduces momentum is insufficient
1
reduces the force (on the head)
1
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M5. (a) (moving in) different / opposite directions
accept one has positive momentum the other negative
momentum
accept they have different velocities
1
(b) (i) momentum before = momentum afteror(total) momentum stays the same
accept no momentum is lost
accept no momentum is gained
1
(ii) 2.2
allow 1 mark for calculation of teenagers’ momentum as22
(kgm/s) and
allow 1 mark for correct statement, eg momentumbefore =
momentum after
or
allow 2 marks for a numerical expression of above, eg
55 × 0.4 = m × 10
or 0 = (55 × 0.4) + (m × (-10))
3
(c) any two from:
• work is done
• (against) friction
any reference to increasing friction negates this marking
point
• (transforming) (kinetic) energy into heat
2
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M6.(a) (i) momentum before = momentum after
accept no momentum is lost
accept no momentum is gained
or(total) momentum stays the same
1
(ii) an external force acts (on the colliding objects)
accept colliding objects are not isolated
1
(b) (i) 9600
allow 1 mark for correct calculation of momentum before or
after ie 12000 or 2400
or
correct substitution using change in velocity = 8 m/sie 1200 ×
8
2
kg m/s
or
Ns
this may be given in words rather
than symbols
do not accept nS
1
(ii) 3 or their (b)(i) 3200 correctly calculated
allow 1 mark for stating momentum before = momentum
after
or
clear attempt to use conservation of momentum
2
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M7. (a) Zero / 0
Accept none
Nothing is insufficent
1
velocity / speed = 0
accept it is not moving
paintball has not been fired is insufficient
1
(b) 0.27
allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie p = 0.003(0) × 90
provided no subsequent step
2
(c) equal to
1
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M8. (a) momentum before (jumping) = momentum after (jumping)
accept momentum (of the skateboard and skateboarder) is
conserved
1
before (jumping) momentum of skateboard and skateboarder is zero
accept before (jumping) momentum of skateboard is zero
accept before (jumping) total momentum is zero
1
after (jumping) skateboarder has momentum (forwards) so skateboard must
have (equal) momentum (backwards)
answers only in terms of equal and opposite forces are
insufficient
1
(b) 7
accept –7 for 3 marks
allow 2 marks for momentum of skateboarder equals 12.6
or
0 = 42 × 0.3 + (1.8 × –v)
or
allow 1 mark for stating use of conservation of momentum
3
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