NEVER BE SHY OR AFRAID TO ASK QUESTIONS
Transportation Planning – Analytical Methods (VVICIB3)
Lecturer: Jerry Moselakgomo Pr.Eng Location: B1 Lab 223
Email:
[email protected] Second Semester 2023: Unit 6 -29/09/2023
Highway Assignment - Continued
Volume over capacity – (V/C) Example
1100
Consider the traffic volume diagram shown in Figure 1.
200
Determine the level of service if the capacity of the link
is 1200 vehicles per hour. Use the LOS criteria in Table Figure1: Traffic Volume diagram (vehicles)
1:
• Then:
• for link A-B, V/C =
• Level of service?
• For link B-A, V/C =
• Level of service? Figure 2: V/C diagram, C=1200
Table 1: LOS Criteria based on V/C ratio describing different traffic states (Fattah et al.,2022)
3
Public Transport Assignment (Chapter 10.6 in the prescribed book)
Public Transport(PT) Assignment
• The aim is to assign public transport users to the available public transport routes.
• To predict/estimate the number of expected passengers on each route for a given period.
• Unit of measure – number of passengers per period (pax per period)
• PT assignment is more complex
• Complex computational methods
• Requires a lot of data collection and high-performance computers
• Things to consider
• Supply network and services
• Demand (passengers)
• Monitory costs (Affordability)
• Generalised cost
5
Public Transport(PT) Assignment - Supply
Supply (space and time)
• Network of routes
• Link may represent a railway line or a bus lane
• Availability of services
• Scheduled services (timetable-based)
• Example?
• Unscheduled services (not constraint by timetable)
• Example?
• Modes
• Frequency of services (or headway)
• Frequency ?
• Headway ?
• Link capacity is a function of each PT vehicle/car/couch
(bus, train) capacity and frequency.
6
Public Transport(PT) Assignment - Supply
7
Public Transport(PT) Assignment – Demand
Demand (Movement of PT Passengers)
Considers the following but not limited:
• Walking to/from a stop(time, safety, distance, etc)
• Interchange between services/routes
• In-vehicle travel (time, comfort)
• Waiting time
8
Public Transport(PT) Assignment – Monitory Costs and Generalised Costs
Monitory costs Generalized Cost function
User fares:
𝑣 𝑤 𝑡 𝑛
• Based on variable distance 𝐶𝑖𝑗 = 𝑎1 𝑡𝑖𝑗 + 𝑎2 𝑡𝑖𝑗 + 𝑎3 𝑡𝑖𝑗 + 𝑎4 𝑡𝑖𝑗 + 𝑎5 𝛿 𝑛 + 𝑎5 𝐹𝑖𝑗
• Flat fares
Where:
• Zonal fares 𝑣
• 𝑡𝑖𝑗 - in-vehicle travel time between i and j,
𝑤
• 𝑡𝑖𝑗 - walking time to and from stops (stations),
All these affect route choice and mode choice 𝑡
• 𝑡𝑖𝑗 - waiting time at stops,
𝑛
• 𝑡𝑖𝑗 - interchange time,
• 𝛿 𝑛 - is an intrinsic ‘penalty’ or resistance to interchange, measured
in time units
• 𝐹𝑖𝑗 - is fare charged to travel between i and j, and
• 𝑎1 to 𝑎5 are coefficients associated with the corresponding element
of a generalised cost.
9
Public Transport(PT) Assignment – Computation
At post-grad level
10
Freight Modelling (Outside the scope of this course)
Follows a similar procedure as modelling for passenger transport (cars and public transport) but
has its own considerations.
Model both supply and Demand
Some Transport Modelling Software
Some Transport Modelling Software
EMME
EMME
EMME
EMME
By Jacek Oskarbski
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Use-of-transport-modelling-tools-depending-on-the-level-of-management-and-area_tbl1_271644869 13
Summary of work done to date (29/09/2023)
• Introduction to transport planning
• Introduction Landuse-transport modelling (The four-step model)
• Trip Generation
• Trip distribution
• Mode Choice (Modal Split)
• Trip Assignment
Remaining topic(s) – To be covered On 6th and 13th October
• Evaluation of transport systems
