Philippine Disaster Risk Management

RP DISASTER RISK PROFILE

 RP is vulnerable to almost all types of natural hazards because of its geographical location
 The Philippine Archipelago occupies the western rim of the Pacific Ocean (Western Segment of the Pacific Ring
of Fire), a most active part of the earth that is characterized by an ocean-encircling belt of active volcanoes and
earthquake generators (faults).
 As an archipelago with 7,107 islands, the threat of tsunami affecting the country’s coastal areas is not far-
fetched.
 Disasters, whether natural or human-made, affect everyone, especially the poor, children, women and elderly,
who have the least capability to deal with disasters.
 DISASTER – is an event, whether natural, human-induced or technological; progressive or sudden, which impacts
with severity that the affected community will have a disruption of its normal functioning and have to do an
exceptional measures.
- Brgy. Guinsaugon, S. Leyte - Feb. 17, 2006
- Calapan City - Dec. 2005
- Pakistan Earthquake - Oct. 2005
- Infanta, Quezon - Nov. 2004
- Tsunami - Dec. 2004
- Southern Leyte - Dec. 2003
- Hurricane Katrina - Aug. 2005
- Bucayao River, Calapan City - Dec. 2005
- Luzon Earthquake - Jul. 1990
 From 1994 to 2005, some 2.5 billion* people were affected by natural disasters alone worldwide, which is an
increase of 60% over the past decade.
 More than 478,000* people were killed during this period.
 Floods and Earthquakes are the deadliest accounting for more than half of the casualties.
 For natural hazards, almost 38% of natural disasters occurs in ASIA; almost 60% of the world’s victims of natural
disasters come from ASIA, and around the 50% of financial loss is also from ASIA.
 Emerging Global Concerns: Terrorism, Climate Change/Global Warming Avian Influenza
 Yearly, the country experiences an average of twenty (20) tropical cyclones, half of these are destructive,
including other weather hazards such as thunderstorm, heavy rainfall, southwest and northeast monsoons, cold
front and ITCZ; is a host to 300 volcanoes, twenty-two (22) of which are active, together with active faults and
trenches that are potential sources of earthquakes.
 In 2004, the country experienced twenty-five (25) weather disturbances, four of these occurring successively in
November and first week of December, which brought massive landslides and flooding in the towns of Real,
Infanta and General Nakar, Quezon Province, Dingalan, Aurora and Gabaldon, Nueva Ecija
 Typhoon “Milenyo” last September 28, 2006 affected 9 regions; leaving 184 dead; 536 injured;
47 missing and more than P6.5 B cost of damage
 Typhoon “Paeng” last Oct. 30, 2006 affecting 4 regions in Luzon; 27 dead; 65 injured and 23 missing; P
615,449,792.83 cost of damage
 Typhoon “Reming” last November 28, 2006 affected 3 regions; leaving 734 dead; 2,360 injured;
762 missing and P 5,448,609,476.00 cost of damage
 On February 17, 2006, another landslide hit Southern Leyte that almost wiped out the entire 480 hectares in
Brgy. Guinsaugon, one of the 16 villages of the town of St. Bernard, leaving in its wake 154 dead, 28 injured,
410 registered survivors and 968 still missing
 The country has also its episodes of human-made disasters such as urban fires, air & sea mishaps, and complex
emergency, mostly in Southern Philippines because of the secessionist movement, coupled with its vulnerability
to floods and other natural hazards.
 The sinking of MT Solar I at Luzaran Point, Guimaras Island last August 11, 2006 has resulted in the spillage
of 200,000 liters of industrial fuel oil, the largest oil spill in the country affecting 3 provinces and 38
municipalities with 3,357 families or 16,785 persons affected population
 Between 1970 to 2005, the Philippines incurred an average annual direct damage of PHP 61 Billion due to
disasters. This is equivalent to more than 0.5% of the national GDP per year. The indirect and secondary impacts
of these disasters further increase this cost.
 Tropical storm PEPENG AND ONDOY Approximate damages to infra and agri has reach almost 5 billion with
almost 300 people killed and thousands displaced
 While the national and local governments are primarily responsible for disaster management, however,
everybody is equally responsible to undertake disaster preparedness, mitigation, response and rehabilitation
activities to prevent or reduce disaster risks and ensure one’s survival and safety during emergency situations.
DM Trends in RP
 < up to ’70’s
Disaster Response - Relief and Rehabilitation
 `80’s
Disaster Preparedness & Response - Measures taken prior, during & shortly after disaster event (relief &
rehabilitation)
 `90’s - 2000
Disaster Preparedness & Response
Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) - Disasters and Development
 2001 to Present
Disaster Preparedness & Response
Disaster and Development
Natural Disaster Risk Reduction - Puts emphasis on actions taken in addressing disaster risks & vulnerability of
communities to hazards.

OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENSE

 Has the primary task of coordinating the activities and functions of various government agencies and
instrumentalities, private institutions and civic organizations for the protection and preservation of life and property
during emergencies.
VISION
A Service-Oriented Organization…A Prepared Population…A Safe Nation…
MISSION
To administer a comprehensive national civil defense and civil assistance program by providing leadership in the
continuous development of measures to reduce the risk to communities and manage the consequence of disasters.
MITIGATION - Measures taken in advance of a disaster aimed at reducing its impact on society and environment
 HAZARD/RISK IDENTIFICATION & ASSESSMENT - develop, update and disseminate hazard maps and related
information to decision-makers, general public andcommunities at risk.
 ENFORCEMENT - of zoning, land-use and Building & Fire Codes. Pre emptive evacuation
 INTEGRATING/MAINSTREAMING - disaster risk management in comprehensive land use and development
plans, construction permits, design approvals, etc.
 DEVELOPING EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS - that are people-centered, timely and understandable to those at risk
PREPAREDNESS - Measures taken to prepare people to react appropriately during and following such events
 PLANNING - DM Plans, contingency plans, SOPs, ICS, mutual aid arrangements
 ADVOCACY - information dissemination thru mass media, enhancing people’s awareness thru conduct of DM
fora/briefing, observance of disaster consciousness month, etc.
 EDUCATION & TRAINING - of local officials, local disaster risk reduction and management officers, auxiliaries,
volunteers, conduct of drills & exercises, CBDRM, educating the private sector and public on simple mitigation
measures to reduce loss and injury.
 RESOURCES - 5 M’s – manpower, materials, methods, machine & money
RESPONSE - Measures taken immediately prior to, and following an emergency. Such measures are directed towards
saving life, protecting property, and dealing with the immediate damage caused by the disaster.
 EARLY WARNING - timely and rapid dissemination of warnings to threatened communities/populations
 NOTIFICATION - mobilization of response teams, activation of SOPs, DOCs & ICS.
 THE “GOLDEN HOUR” PRINCIPLE - the time within which lives could be saved and injuries minimized
 INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM - on-scene management of disaster operations activities
REHABILITATION - Measures taken to restore affected communities/areas to their proper or normal level of functioning
or actual condition prior to the occurrence of the disaster or calamity
 FOR THE SHORT TERM
- restoring necessary lifeline systems (e.g. power, communication, water & sewage, transportation, etc)
- providing for basic human needs (food, clothing, shelter)
- monitoring law and order providing CISD, etc.
 FOR THE LONG TERM
- restoring economic activity
- rebuilding community facilities and housing
The Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) Act of 2010
 “Strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System, Providing for the National
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework and Institutionalizing the National Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Plan, Appropriating Funds therefor and for Other Purposes”
 Status: Approved in the bicameral conference on 27 January 2010 and ratified by both Houses of Congress on
01 February 2010; for submission to the Office of the President

RA NO. 10121
 21 years in the making
 7 Congresses
 4 Administration
 Signed into Law on May 27, 2010

DRRM Act of 2010 Highlights

 Proactive, comprehensive, integrated, community-based, multi-sector approach in DRM
 Respect to people’s rights to life and property; adherence / adoption of universal norms, principles and
standards of humanitarian assistance
 Development, promotion and implementation of the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan
(NDRRMP)
 Mainstreaming of DRR and Climate Change Adaptation in development, peace and conflict resolution processes
 Keen support to knowledge management and education (e.g. setting-up of training institutes
 Enhanced OCD functions and organizational structure
 OCD Administrator with the rank and privileges of an Undersecretary
 Can create necessary offices to perform its mandate under the law
 OCD Civil Defense Officers who are or may be designated as OCDRDs to serve as Chairpersons of the
RDRRMCs; OCDRCs as Secretariat thereof
 Present DCCs are renamed as N/R/L DRRMCs; BDCCs shall be known as Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Committee (BDRRMC) under the Barangay Development Council
 Monitoring and Evaluation Functions of OCD
 NDRRMC Composition
 Chairperson: S, DND
 V-Chairpersons: S, DILG (Preparedness) S, DSWD (Response) S, DOST (Prevention and Mitigation) DG, NEDA
(Rehabilitation & Recovery)
 Members: Thirty-Six (36) Member Agencies - 14 line agencies, the ES, Press Secretary, OPAPP, CHED, AFP,
PNP, PNRC, NAPC-VDC, NCRFW, HUDCC, Climate Change Commission, GSIS, SSS, Phil Health Corp, ULAP, LPP,
LCP, LMP, LMB, 4 Reps from the Civil Society Organizations and 1 Rep from the Private Sector and the OCD
Administrator

 RDRRMC Composition
 Chairperson: RD, OCD
 V-Chairpersons: RD, DILG (Preparedness) RD, DSWD (Response) RD, DOST (Prevention and Mitigation) RD,
NEDA (Rehabilitation & Recovery)
 Members: Thirty-Eight (38) Members - 14 line agencies, the ES, Press Secretary, OPAPP, CHED, AFP, PNP,
PNDR, NAPC-VDC, NCRFW, HUDCC, Climate Change Commission, GSIS, SSS, Phil Health Corp, ULAP, LPP, LCP,
LMP, LMB, 4 Reps from the Civil Society Organizations and 1 Rep from the Private Sector
 Secretariat: OCD Regional Office

 LDRRMC (Province / City / Municipality) Composition

 Chairperson: Governor / Mayor
 Members: Eighteen (18) Member Agencies - Local Planning and Development Officer; Head of the LDRRMO,
Head of the Local Social Welfare and Development Office, Head of the Local Health Office, Head of the Local
Agriculture Office, Head of the Gender and Development Office, Head of the Local Engineering Office, Head
of the Local Veterinary Office, Head of the Local Budget Office, Division Head / Superintendent of Schools of
the DepEd, Highest-ranking Officer of the Armed Forces of the Philippines assigned in the area, Provincial
Director/City/Municipal Chief of the Philippine National Police (PNP), Provincial Director/City/ Municipal Fire
Marshall of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP), President of the Association of Barangay Captains (ABC),
Philippine National Red Cross (PNRC), Four (4) accredited CSOs, and One (1) private sector representative

 Barangay Level
 Present BDCCs shall cease to exist; its powers and functions to be assumed by the Barangay Development
Council (BDC) which shall serve as the Barangay DRRMC
 BDRRMC shall be a regular committee of the existing BDC and shall be subject thereto.
 Punong Barangay shall facilitate and ensure the participation of at least two (2) CSO representatives from
existing and active community-based people’s organizations representing the most vulnerable and
marginalized groups in the barangay.

 Local Disaster Risk Reduction an Management Office (LDRRMO)

 In every Province, City, Municipality, and Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Committee in
every barangay
 Responsibilty - setting the direction, development, implementation and coordination of disaster risk
management programs within their territorial jurisdiction.
 LDRRMO shall be under the office of the governor, city or municipal mayor, and the punong barangay in
case of the BDRRMC. The LDRRMOs shall be initially organized and composed of a DRRMO to be assisted by
three (3) staff responsible for: (1) administrative and training; (2) research and planning; and (3) operations
 and warning. The LDRRMOs and the BDRRMCs shall organize, train and directly supervise the local
emergency response teams and the Accredited Community Disaster Volunteers (ACDV).
 Funding
 National DRM and Recovery Fund (formerly known as the National Calamity Fund) can be used for DRR or
mitigation, prevention and preparedness activities (e.g. but not limited to training of personnel,
procurement of equipment and capital expenditures; can be used for relief, recovery and reconstruction
activities)
 Quick Response Fund (QRF) - 30% of the NDRMRF as standby fund for relief and recovery programs
 Local DRRM Fund – not less than 5% of the estimated revenue from the regular sources can now be used to
support DRM activities, 30% of which shall be allocated as QRF
To support:
- Pre-disaster preparedness programs, e.g. training purchase of lifesaving rescue equipment, supplies,
medicines
- Post-disaster activities, e.g. relief and rehabilitation
- Payment of Premiums on calamity insurance

 Section 3. Special Trust fund

 Unexpended LDRRMF shall accrue to a special trust fund solely for the purpose of supporting disaster risk
reduction and management activities of the LDRRMCs within the next five (5) years. Any such amount still
not fully utilized after (5) years shall revert back to the general fund and made available for other social
services to be identified by the Local Sanggunian

 Prohibited Acts such as:

 Preventing the entry/distribution of relief goods and disaster teams/experts in disaster-stricken areas
 Buying, for consumption or resale, from disaster relief agencies any relief goods, equipment or other aid
commodities intended for distribution to disaster affected communities
 Buying, for consumption or resale, from the recipient disaster affected persons any relief goods, equipment
or other aid commodities received by them
 Selling of relief goods, equipment or other aid commodities intended for distribution to disaster victims
 Forcibly seizing of relief goods
 Diverting/misdelivery of relief goods
 Repacking of relief goods, equipment and other aid
 Substitution of relief goods
 Illegal solicitations by persons/organizations
 Deliberate use of false or inflated data
 Tampering with or stealing hazard monitoring and disaster preparedness equipment and paraphernalia

 Penal Clause
 Violators of those prohibited acts shall suffer a fine of not less than PhP50,000.00 or any amount not to
exceed PhP500,000.00 or imprisonment of not less than 6 years and 1 day or not more than 12 years or
BOTH