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Working With Dates & Times

Datetime

Python has a built-in datetime module which provides convenient objects

to work with dates and times.

Code
PYTHON

1 import datetime

Datetime classes

Commonly used classes in the datetime module are:

date class

time class

datetime class

timedelta class

Working with 'date' class

Representing Date

A date object can be used to represent any valid date (year, month and
day).

Code

PYTHON
1 import datetime
2
3 date_object = datetime.date(2019, 4, 13)
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4 print(date_object)

Output

2019-04-13

Date Object

Code
PYTHON

1 from datetime import date

2 date_obj = date(2022, 2, 31)
3 print(date_obj)

Output

ValueError: day is out of range for month

Today’s Date

Class method

today() returns a date object with today’s date.

Code
PYTHON

1 import datetime
2
3 date_object = datetime.date.today()
4 print(date_object)

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Output

2021-02-05

Attributes of Date Object

Code
PYTHON

1 from datetime import date

2
3 date_object = date(2019, 4, 13)
4 print(date_object.year)
5 print(date_object.month)
6 print(date_object.day)

Output

2019
4
13

Working with ‘time’ Class

Representing Time

A time object can be used to represent any valid time (hours, minutes and
seconds).

Code

PYTHON
1 from datetime import time
2
3 time_object = time(11, 34, 56)
4 print(time object)
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4 print(time_object)

Output

11:34:56

Attributes of Time Object

Code
PYTHON

1 from datetime import time

2
3 time_object = time(11, 34, 56)
4 print(time_object)
5 print(time_object.hour)
6 print(time_object.minute)
7 print(time_object.second)

Output

11:34:56
11
34
56

Working with ‘datetime’ Class

Datetime

The datetime class represents a valid date and time together.

Example - 1

Code
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PYTHON

1 from datetime import datetime

2
3 date_time_obj = datetime(2018, 11, 28, 10, 15, 26)
4 print(date_time_obj.year)
5 print(date_time_obj.month)
6 print(date_time_obj.hour)
7 print(date_time_obj.minute)

Output

2018
11
10
15

Example - 2
It gives the current date and time

Code
PYTHON

1 import datetime
2
3 datetime_object = datetime.datetime.now()
4 print(datetime_object)

Output

2021-02-05 09:26:08.077473

DateTime object

Code

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PYTHON

1 from datetime import datetime

2 date_time_obj = datetime(2018, 11, 28)
3 print(date_time_obj)

Output

2018-11-28 00:00:00

Formatting Datetime

The datetime classes have

strftime(format) method to format the datetime into any required format

like

mm/dd/yyyy

dd-mm-yyyy

Format Specifier Meaning Example

Year without century as a zero-

%y 19, 20, ...
padded decimal number
Year with century as a decimal
%Y 2019, 2020, ...
number

%b Month as abbreviated name Jan, Feb, ...

January,
%B Month as full name
February
Month as a zero-padded decimal
%m 01, 02, …, 12
number
Day of the month as a zero-
%d 01, 02, …, 31
padded decimal number

%a Weekday as abbreviated name Sun, Mon, ...

Sunday,
%A Weekday as full name
Monday, ...
Hour (24-hour clock) as a zero-
%H 00, 01, …, 23
padded decimal number
Hour (12-hour clock) as a zero-
%I 01, 02, …, 12
padded decimal number
%p AM or PM AM, PM

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Format Specifier Meaning Example

Minute as a zero-padded decimal

%M 00, 01, …, 59
number
Second as a zero-padded decimal
%S 00, 01, …, 59
number

Code
PYTHON

1 from datetime import datetime

2
3 now = datetime.now()
4 formatted_datetime_1 = now.strftime("%d %b %Y %I:%M:%S
5 print(formatted_datetime_1)
6
7 formatted_datetime_2 = now.strftime("%d/%m/%Y, %H:%M:%
8 print(formatted_datetime_2)

Output

05 Feb 2021 09:26:50 AM

05/02/2021, 09:26:50

Parsing Datetime

The class method

strptime() creates a datetime object from a given string representing

date and time.

Code

PYTHON
1 from datetime import datetime
2
3 date_string = "28 November, 2018"
4 print(date_string)
5
6 date_object = datetime.strptime(date_string, "%d %B, %
7 print(date object)
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7 print(date_object)

Output

28 November, 2018
2018-11-28 00:00:00

Working with ‘timedelta’ Class

Timedelta object represents duration.

Example 1

Code
PYTHON

1 from datetime import timedelta

2
3 delta = timedelta(days=365, hours=4)
4 print(delta)

Output

365 days, 4:00:00

Example 2

Code

PYTHON
1 from datetime import timedelta, datetime
2 delta = timedelta(days=365)
3 current_datetime = datetime.now()
4 print(current_datetime)
5 next_year_datetime = current_datetime + delta
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6 print(next_year_datetime)

Output

2021-02-05 09:28:30.239095
2022-02-05 09:28:30.239095

Calculating Time Difference

Code
PYTHON

1 import datetime
2
3 dt1 = datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 5)
4 dt2 = datetime.datetime(2022, 1, 1)
5 duration = dt2 - dt1
6 print(duration)
7 print(type(duration))

Output

330 days, 0:00:00

<class 'datetime.timedelta'>

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