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AWAIS

This assignment explores memory in psychology, detailing its types, processes, and influencing factors. It outlines sensory, short-term, and long-term memory, along with encoding, storage, and retrieval processes. Additionally, it discusses how attention, emotion, interference, and aging affect memory performance.

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4 views4 pages

AWAIS

This assignment explores memory in psychology, detailing its types, processes, and influencing factors. It outlines sensory, short-term, and long-term memory, along with encoding, storage, and retrieval processes. Additionally, it discusses how attention, emotion, interference, and aging affect memory performance.

Uploaded by

cugfx201
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Submitted By: Awais Ali

Submitted To: Mam Sana


Course Title: Intro To psychology
Department: Computer Science
Topic: Memory In Psychology
Date: 26 April 2025 -
_____________________________________
Assignment on Memory in
Psychology
Introduction
Memory is a fundamental cognitive process that allows individuals to encode, store,
and retrieve information. It plays a crucial role in learning, decision-making, and
personal identity. This assignment explores the different types of memory, the
processes involved in memory formation, and the factors that can affect memory.

Types of Memory
1. Sensory Memory
• The initial stage of memory that holds sensory information for a very
brief period.
• Lasts for a fraction of a second to a few seconds.
• Example: The ability to remember a visual image or sound for a short
time after the stimulus has disappeared.
2. Short-Term Memory (STM)
• A temporary storage system that holds a limited amount of information
for a short duration.
• Its Capacity typically holds 7±2 items.
• Lasts about 15-30 seconds without rehearsal.
• Example: Remembering a phone number long enough to dial it.
3. Long-Term Memory (LTM)
• A more permanent storage system that can hold vast amounts of
information for extended periods.
• Types:
• Explicit Memory: Conscious recall of facts and events (e.g.,
remembering a birthday).
• Implicit Memory: Unconscious recall, such as skills and tasks
(e.g., riding a bike).
• It can hold data from minutes to a lifetime.
Memory Processes
1. Encoding
• The process of transforming sensory input into a form that can be
stored in memory.
• Techniques: Semantic encoding (meaning), visual encoding (images),
and acoustic encoding (sounds).
2. Storage
• The process of maintaining information in memory over time.
• Factors: Organization, rehearsal, and the use of mnemonic devices
can enhance storage.
3. Retrieval
• The process of accessing and bringing stored information into
consciousness.
• Types: Recall (retrieving information without cues) and recognition
(identifying information with cues).

Factors Affecting Memory


1. Attention
• Importance: Focused attention is crucial for effective encoding and
retrieval of information.
2. Emotion
• Impact: Emotional experiences are often remembered more vividly due
to the involvement of the amygdala in memory processing.
3. Interference
• Types:
• Proactive Interference: Older memories interfere with the
retrieval of newer memories.
• Retroactive Interference: Newer memories interfere with the
retrieval of older memories.
4. Aging
• Effect: Memory performance can decline with age, particularly in the
areas of working memory and recall.

Conclusion
Memory is a complex and dynamic process that is essential for everyday functioning.
Understanding the different types of memory, the processes involved, and the
factors that influence memory can help in developing strategies to improve memory
retention and recall. Further research in this field continues to uncover the intricacies
of how memory works and its significance in our lives.

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