|, Three capacitors of capacities 4 IF, 6 UF, and 8 IF are joined in series, and the combination is connected to a 12 V source. Calculate the energy stored in the combination when these are fully charged. 2. A copper wire of 8.5 x 10-§ m? area carries a current of 1.6 A. lf the number density of the electrons in the wire is 8 x 1078 m-%, calculate the drift speed of the electrons in the wire. (e = 1.6 x 10-8 C) 3. A spherical conductor placed on an insulating stand carries a charge of 0.1.€ and has a potential of 1000 V. Calculate its capacitance in UF. 4, State Gauss's law in electrostatics. 5. & charge of Q coulombs passing through any section of a conductor as a function of time t is given by Q = (St? + 2t + 1). Calculate the current at the end of 10 seconds. 6. Metallic chains are hung to be dragged on the ground from the body of trucks carrying inflammable materials. Why? 7. State the relationship between the electric field and the8. Will any work be done in moving an electric charge Q over the surface of an isolated charged metallic sphere? 9. Will any work be done in moving charge +Q between two points on the surface of an isolated charged metallic sphere? 10. What is the unit of electric field intensity? Il, The potential of an equipotential surface is 10 V. How much work is done to move a charge of 2 \C on this surface through 10 cm? 12, Write an equation relating farad, coulomb, and volt. 13. How is electric field intensity at a point related to the potential gradient there? 14. Define electron volt. 1S, What is the SI unit of electric charge? 16, How are electric potential and electric potential energy related? 17, What is the dimensional formula of electrical permittivity? 18, What is an ideal electric dipole? 19, State Coulomb's law in electrostatics. 20. Define static Coulomb. 21. Why do two equipotential surfaces not intersect each other? 22. A parallel-plate capacitor is immersed in water. How will itscapacitance change? 23. Vehicles carrying highly inflammable materials have chains hanging to the ground. Explain. 24, A capacitor of capacity 2 UF is charged to a potential of 6 volts. Calculate the energy stored in the capacitor. 25, Explain the meaning of "quantization of charge" and "conservation of charge." 26. Two copper spheres of the same radius, one hollow and the other solid, are charged to the same potential. Which one of them holds more charge? 27. State the properties of equipotential lines. 28. What is meant by "electron volt"? Calculate its value in Joules. 29, Define electric field intensity. Write an equation relating field intensity and potential gradient. 1. Explain what is eddy current and how it is generated. 2. Deduce the dimension of conductance. 3. The resistance of a metallic wire is 10Q at 0°C. Calculate itsresistance at a temperature of 100°C. (Given: a = 3.9 x 10-7 K-!), 4. A copper wire of uniform area of cross-section 1.54 x 10-6 m? carries a current of 3.08 A. Calculate the electric field inside the wire if the resistivity of copper is 1.724 x 10-° Q m. S. Define magnetic permeability and susceptibility. 6. The power consumed in a conductor under a potential difference of 200V is 1.6 kW due to the How of current in it. Calculate the resistance of the conductor. 7, State Joule's law of heating due to electric current. 8, State Kirchhoff's laws as applicable to electrical networks, 9. What is the angle of dip at the geomagnetic pole? 10. The potential difference across a cell of emf 4V drops to 2V when a current of 2A is drawn from it. What is the internal resistance of the cell? I, Explain why manganin is used as resistance coil in resistance boxes instead of copper. 12, State the limitations of Ohm's law. 13. How will the resistance of a wire change when its length is doubled and thickness is halved? 14, State the relation between current density and electric field intensity for metals, Write the necessary equation.1S, Define magnetic permeability and magnetic susceptibility. 16. The amount of charge passing through any section of a conductor as a function of time is given by . Calculate the current flowing through the conductor at the end of 3 seconds. (Assume charge in coulombs and time in seconds). 17, What are the limitations of Ohm's law? 18, Distinguish between EMF and potential difference. 19, Show that | henry = 1 ohm x second. 20. State Kirchhoff's laws as applicable to electrical networks. 2), State Kirchhoff's laws as applicable to a network of conductors. 22. A current of 24 flows through a resistance of 10Q for | minute. Calculate the heat produced. 23, How does the resistance of a good conductor vary with temperature? | Unie 3: Mente ee of Carat ad Merton 1. A galvanometer of resistance S0 Q gives full-scale deflection for a current of 0.25 A. Calculate the required resistance to convert the galvanometer into an ammeter of range S A.2. Write the expression for the Lorentz force on a charge moving in an electromagnetic field. Show that the rate at which Lorentz force does work on a moving charge having velocity v is Fe v, where F, is the electric force. 3, State and explain Curie’s law for paramagnetic materials. 4. Write the difference between the susceptibility of diamagnetic and paramagnetic substances. S. Write down the relation between relative magnetic permeability and susceptibility and identify the symbols used. 6. The angle of dip at a place is 60°. Find the value of the total intensity of Earth's magnetic field, given H = 3.6 x 10-8 T. 7. State the relation between permeability and susceptibility of a magnetic substance. 8. Define magnetic dip. 9. What is the value of magnetic dip at the south magnetic pole of Earth? 10. Give one example each of diamagnetic and paramagnetic substances. Il, Define magnetic permeability. 12, What will happen if a diamagnetic substance is suspended in a uniform magnetic field?13, Define Weber. 14, What is the nature of the force between two parallel currents? 1S. How can you place a current-carrying straight wire in a uniform magnetic field so that it experiences maximum deflecting force? 16, Can a charged particle move through a magnetic field without experiencing any force? How? 17, Mention three key properties that distinguish diamagnetic substances from paramagnetic substances. 18, Define the magnetic elements of the Earth. 19, State Joule’s law of heating. 20. Explain why magnetic lines of force never intersect each other. 21. Write two differences between paramagnetic and diamagnetic substances. 22. Describe the neutral point in magnetism and explain why it is given this name. 23, State the Biot-Savart law in mathematical form and explain its terms. 24, Explain the working principle of a cyclotron and mention twoof its uses, Ce ee 1. "A transformer works with A.C. but not with D.C." Explain. 2. A student is interested to pass only 2% of the main current through a galvanometer of resistance S0Q. Calculate the shunt required. 3. A galvanometer of resistance S0Q produces full-scale deflection with a current of 0.25 A. Calculate the value of the shunt required to change its range into 2.5 A. 4. Write down the different losses in a transformer. S. State and explain Lenz's law. 6. Show diagrammatically the difference between a pure inductive and a pure capacitative A.C. circuit. 7. State the unit of magnetic flux. 8. State the expression for magnetic induction (B) at a distance (S) from a long straight current wire carrying a current. 9. Define self-inductance. 10. What is the dimension of ? CL is the self-inductance and R is the resistance of the coil.)I, An AC emf is given by volts, What is the frequency of AC? 12, How do you place two circular coils close to each other so that mutual inductance between them is minimum? 13, What is self-induction? 14, The average emf induced in a coil in which current changes from 2A to 4A in 0.0S seconds is 3 volts. What is the self- inductance of the coil? 1S, What is the S.I. unit of inductance? 16, What is the S.I. unit of inductance? 17, Define magnetic induction. 18, A choke of SO mH inductance is connected in the tube light in your home, How much reactance is offered by it? 19, An A.C. is given by the equation . Mention the rm.s. value of AC, 20, What is virtual ampere? 21. What type of transformer is used at the source before electrical energy is transmitted? 22, What is the relation between 'Root Mean Square’ voltage and ‘Peak Value’ of voltage in an A.C, circuit? 23. What is the mean value of current during a positive half cycle of A.C,?24, Indicate graphically the variation of reactance of an inductor with frequency. 25, Why is the secondary coil wound over the primary coil in a transformer? 26, What is the peak value of voltage of a 220-volt A.C. supply? 27. Indicate graphically the variation of reactance of a capacitor with frequency. 28, In an A.C, circuit, how are the peak value, RMS value, and average value Cin half a cycle) of electric current related? 29. Why is it said that A.C, is more dangerous than D.C. of the same effective voltage? 30. Show graphically the variation of reactance of an inductor with frequency. 31. What is the phase difference between current and voltage in a circuit containing an A.C, source and a resistor? 32. Compare the reactance of a capacitor with a capacitance of 0.1 wF at frequencies of SO Hz and S kHe. 33, Explain Fleming's Right-Hand Rule. Provide the formula for calculating the magnitude of the induced EMF in a moving conductor. 34, What is iron loss in a transformer? Discuss its significance.35. 4 coil with a self-inductance of 10 henries is connected to an AC source with a frequency of S0 Hz. Calculate the inductive reactance of the coil. 36, State Lenz's Law and explain its importance in electromagnetism. QI. The speed of light of wavelength 6000 A in medium A is 0.8 times that in vacuum, If the refractive index of medium B is 1:6, calculate the refractive index of medium A relative to medium B. Q2. The wavelength of monochromatic light in a liquid of refractive index 1.4 is 400 nm. Calculate the wavelength of this light in a glass medium with a refractive index of 1.6. Q3. A concave mirror is placed inside water. Explain what change occurs in its focal length. Q4. In Young’s double-slit experiment, the fringe width is 01S mm when the source of light has a wavelength of 4000 A. Calculate the fringe width when the source is replaced by a light of wavelength 6000 A. QS. Write down the conditions necessary for the interference oflight to occur. Q6. Define the term "critical angle." Q7. State the relation between path difference and phase difference for wave motion. Q8. For a prism, the angle of minimum deviation is 38°, and it occurs at an angle of incidence of 48.5°. What is the angle of the prism? Q9. Which mirror always produces a virtual and diminished image? Q10. For which color of light (violet or red) is the refractive index higher? Qll. What are the conditions required for the interference of light waves? QI2, A convex mirror produces a magnification of 2 when the object is placed at a distance of S cm from it. Find the focal length of the mirror. QI3, Does a convex mirror ever produce a real and inverted image? Explain your answer. QI4. A ray of light passes through a glass prism of refracting angle 60° and undergoes a minimum deviation of 30°. Calculate the refractive index of the prism.QIS. Explain what is meant by a wavefront. QI6, Define the term "critical angle" and prove that . QI7. What is meant by the magnifying power of a compound microscope? State its formula. QI8. State Huygens' principle for the propagation of waves. What is the relation between a ray and a wavefront? Uni 7 nate fait and mater QI. Distinguish between photoelectric emission and thermionic emission, Q2. Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of a proton having kinetic energy 50 eV. (Given: , ). Q3. Calculate the threshold wavelength of a metal if its work function is . Q4. The photoelectric threshold for a certain metal is 3600 A. Determine the maximum energy of the ejected photoelectrons by a radiation of 2000 A. Given: , ). QS. Define work function. Q6. What is threshold frequency in photoelectricity?Q7. Write an expression for the mass of a photon. Q3. How are the de Broglie wavelength and kinetic energy of a particle related? Q4. What is the significance of work function in thermionic emission? QI0. Mention some important applications of photoelectricity with examples. QIl. Mention Einstein’s photoelectric equation. What is the significance of this equation? 1, Show that the nuclear density of a nucleus is independent of its mass number. 2. Write the energy transition equations for the Balmer series and Paschen series spectra of the hydrogen atom. 3. Define mass defect. Write the expression for binding energy in terms of it. 4. Give two examples of nuclear reactions in equation forms S. Differentiate between nuclear fission and fusion and write one example in each case. 6. Calculate the binding energy of deuteron in MeV.Given: Mass of proton = 1.00728 u Mass of neutron = 1.00865 u Mass of deuteron = 2.01412 u 7. Write two limitations of Rutherford's model of atomic structure. 8. What is the source of energy in fusion? 9, State the relation between half-life and average life of a radioactive substance. 10, What are isotopes? Give one example. 1), Define ionization potential. 12, Explain what is mass defect. 13, Express | amu. in eV. 14, What is meant by packing fraction for a nucleus IS. What is an isotope? 16, State the formula for the frequencies of the Balmer series of hydrogen line spectra with the meanings of the symbols used. 17, What is meant by critical mass? What is its value for ? 18, Distinguish between fission and fusion. 19, How much energy will be released when an electron jumps from to orbit in a hydrogen atom? (Energy of the electron inthe first orbit = ). 20. Explain nuclear fission. 21. The mass defect of deuterium is 0.0024 u. Find its binding energy in joules. 22. Define the half-life of a radioactive substance. 23. Mention any four characteristics of nuclear force. 24, What is a chain reaction? What would happen if it is not controlled? 25, State the properties of protons and positrons. 26, Explain with an example how energy is released in nuclear fusion,