ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
CATTLE FARMING / CATTLE HUSBANDRY
PURPOSE – MILK (DAIRY ANIMALS, FEMALES) AND DRAUGHT LABOUR FOR
AGRICULTURAL WORK (DRAUGHT ANIMALS)
SPECIES OF INDIAN CATTLE – Bos indicus (cow) and Bos bubalis (buffaloes)
LACTATION PERIOD – PERIOD OF MILK PRODUCTION AFTER BIRTH OF CALF.
CROSS BREEDING BETWEEN FOLLOWING -
EXOTIC/ FOREIGN BREEDS (Jersey, Brown Swiss) – LONG LACTATION PERIODS
LOCAL BREEDS (Red Sindhi, Sahiwal) – EXCELLENT RESISTANCE TO DISEASES
CARE OF ANIMALS
REGULAR BRUSHING AND CLEANING OF HAIR
SHELTERED UNDER WELL VENTILATED ROOF SHEDS TO PROTECT FROM HEAT,
COLD, RAIN
SLOPING FLOOR OF CATTLE SHEDS TO KEEP IT DRY AND CLEAN
FOOD NEEDS OF DAIRY ANIMALS
MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENT FOOD FOR HEALTHY LIFE
MILK PRODUCING REQUIREMENT DURING LACTATION
ANIMAL FEED
ROUGHAGE OR FIBRE
CONCENTRATES WITH PROTEINS AND OTHER NUTRIENTS, LESS FIBRE
ADDITIVES WITH MICRO NUTRIENTS
ANIMAL PARASITES
EXTERNAL – LIVES ON ANIMAL SKIN, CAUSES SKIN DISEASES
INTERNAL – WORMS – AFFECTS STOMACH AND INTESTINE
FLUKE – DAMAGES THE LIVER
PROTECTION – BY VACCINATION AGAINST VIRAL AND BACTERIAL DISEASES
POULTRY FARMING
TO RAISE DOMESTIC FOWL FOR EGGS, CHICKEN AND MEAT.
CROSS BREEDING BETWEEN FOLLOWING -
INDIAN / INDIGENOUS (Aseel)
EXOTIC / FOREIGN (Leghorn)
DESIRABLE TRAITS IN NEW VARIETY
NUMBER AND QUALITY OF CHICKS
DWARF BROILER PARENT FOR COMMERCIAL CHICK PRODUCTION
SUMMER ADAPTATION CAPACITY/ TOLERANCE TO HIGH TEMPERATURE
LOW MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS
REDUCTION IN SIZE OF EGG LAYING BIRD WITH ABILITY TO UTILIZE MORE
FIBROUS CHEAPER DIETS FORMULATED USING AGRICULTURAL BY –
PRODUCTS.
EGG AND BROILER PRODUCTION
CARE OF BROILER CHICKENS –
FED WITH VITAMIN RICH SUPPLEMENTS
MORTALITY IS AVOIDED – BY SANITATION AND VACCINATION
MAINTAINING FEATHERING AND CARCASS QUALITY
MAINTENANCE OF PROPER TEMPERATURE
HYGIENIC CONDITIONS IN HOUSING AND POULTRY
PREVENTION ANDCONTROL OF DISEASES AND PESTS
DAILY RATION FOR BROILERS
PROTEIN RICH WITH ADEQUATE FAT
HIGH LEVELS OF VITAMIN A AND K
FISH PRODUCTION
FISH – SOURCE OF ANIMAL PROTEIN
FINNED TRUE FISH + SHELL FISH (PRAWNS, MOLLUSCS)
OBTAINING FISH – NATURALLY BY CAPTURING OR BY FARMING (CULTURE FISHERY)
MARINE FISHERIES (SALTY WATER FISH)
POMPHRET, MACKEREL, TUNA, SARDINES, BOMBAY DUCK
MARINE FISH OF HIGH ECONOMIC VALUE – MULLETS, BHETKI, PEARL SPOTS,
SHELLFISH (PRAWN), MUSSELS, OYSTERS, SEAWEEDS
MARICULTURE – CULTURE FISHERIES THAT MEET THE FISH DEMAND AS MARINE FISH
STOCKS ARE DEPLETED
INLAND FISHERIES (FRESH WATER FISH)
FISH IN CANALS, PONDS, RESERVOIRS, RIVERS, BRACKISH WATER (WHERE SEA
WATER AND FRESH WATER MIX, SUCH AS EXTUARIES, LAGOONS)
AQUACULTURE – COMBINATION OF 5 OR 6 FISH SPECIES WITH DIFFERENT FOOD
HABITS SELECTED TO LIVE IN A SINGLE POND TO MAKE USE OF FOOD AVAILABLE AT
ALL PARTS OF THE POND.
SURFACE FEEDERS – Catla
MIDDLE ZONE FEEDERS – Rohu
BOTTOM FEEDERS – Mrigal, Common Carp
WEED FEEDERS – Grass Carp
DEMERIT OF SUCH A FISH CULTURE – LACK OF AVAILABILITY OF GOOD QUALITY FISH
SEEDS AS MANY FISH BREED ONLY DURING MONSOONS.
REMEDY – FISH BREEDING USING HORMONAL STIMULATION TO ENSURE SUPPLY OF
PURE FISH SEED IN DESIRED QUANTITIES.
BEE KEEPING
FOR OBTAINING HONEY
BEEHIVES ARE A SOURCE OF WAX – USED IN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
BEE VARIETIES IN USE
Apis cerana indica (Indian bee)
Apis dorsata ( Rock bee)
Apis florae ( Little bee)
Apis mellifera (Italian bee) – for commercial honey production
Have high honey collection capacity
Sting somewhat less
Stay in a given bee hive for long periods
Breed very well
APIARY OR BEE FARMS – PLACE WHERE HONEY BEES ARE COMMERCIALLY REARED
AND MANAGED FOR HONEY PRODUCTION.
FACTORS AFFECTING QUALITY/TASTE OF HONEY
PASTURAGE / FLOWERS AVAILABLE – FOR COLLECTION OF NECTAR AND POLLEN
