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Development of Surfaces of Solids
2. Interpenetration of Solids
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Example
Draw the development of the lateral surface of a square given in the figure below. Both the polygon, the circle and the square
are placed at the centers of their respective faces.
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A pentagonal prism , 30 mm base side & 50 mm axis is standing on HP on it’s base whose one side is perpendicular to VP. It is cut
by a section plane 45˚ inclined to HP, through mid point of axis. Draw FV, Sectional TV & Sectional Side view. Also draw true
shape of section and Development of surface of remaining solid.
For sectional views:
Draw three views of standing prism. Locate section plane in FV as described. Project points where edges are getting cut on TV &
SV as shown in illustration. Join those points in sequence and show Section lines in it. Make remaining part of solid dark.
For True Shape:
Draw x1y1 // to secondary plane. Draw projectors on it from cut points. Mark distances of points of Sectioned part from TV, on
above projectors from x1y1 and join in sequence. Draw section lines in it. It is required true shape.
For Development:
Draw development of entire solid. Name from cut-open edge I.e. A. in sequence as shown. Mark the cut points on respective
edges. Join them in sequence in straight lines. Make existing parts dev. dark.
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A cone, 50 mm base diameter and 70 mm axis is standing on it’s base on HP. It is cut by a section plane 45˚ inclined to HP
through base end of end generator. Draw projections, sectional views, true shape of section and development of surfaces of
remaining solid.
For sectional views:
Draw three views of standing cone. Locate section plane in FV as described. Project points where generators are getting cut on
TV & SV as shown in illustration. Join those points in sequence and show Section lines in it. Make remaining part of solid dark.
For True Shape:
Draw x1y1 // to sectional plane. Draw projectors on it from cut points. Mark distances of points of Sectioned part from TV, on
above projectors from x1y1 and join in sequence. Draw section lines in it. It is required true shape.
For Development:
Draw development of entire solid. Name from cut-open edge i.e. A. in sequence as shown. Mark the cut points on respective
edges. Join them in sequence in curvature. Make existing parts dev. dark.
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A solid composed of a half-cone and half- hexagonal
pyramid is shown in figure. It is cut by a section plane 45˚
inclined to HP, passing through mid-point of axis.
Draw FV, sectional TV, true shape of section and
development of remaining part of the solid. (take radius of
cone and each side of hexagon 30mm long and axis
70mm.)
Note: FV & TV of two solids sandwiched Section lines
style in both:
Development of half cone & half pyramid:
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A particle which is initially on base circle of a cone, standing on HP, moves upwards and reaches apex in one complete turn
around the cone. Draw it’s path on projections of cone as well as on it’s development. Take base circle diameter 50 mm and axis
70 mm long.
It’s a construction of curve Helix of one turn on cone:
Draw FV & TV & development as usual on all form generators & name.
Construction of curve Helix:
Show 8 generators on both views. Divide axis also in same parts. Draw horizontal lines from those points on both end
generators. 1’ is a point where first horizontal Line & gen. b’o’ intersect. 2’ is a point where second horiz. Line & gen. c’o’
intersect. In this way locate all points on FV. Project all on TV. Join in curvature.
For Development:
Then taking each points true distance from resp. generator from apex, mark on development & join
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COMMON SOLUTION STEPS
1. One solid will be standing on HP and the other will penetrate horizontally or at an angle.
2. Draw three views of standing solid.
3. Name views as per the illustrations.
4. Beginning with side view draw three views of penetrating solids also.
5. On it’s S.V. mark number of points and name those(either with letters or numbers).
6. The points which are on standard generators or edges of standing solid, (in S.V.) can be marked on respective generators in
FV and TV. And other points from SV should be brought to TV first and then projecting upward To FV.
7. Dark and dotted lines decision should be taken by observing side view from it’s right side as shown by arrow.
8. Accordingly those should be joined by curvature or straight lines.
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CYLINDER STANDING & CYLINDER PENETRATING
A cylinder 50mm diameter and 70mm axis is completely penetrated by another of 40 mm dia. and 70 mm axis horizontally Both
axes intersect & bisect each other. Draw projections showing curves of intersections.
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CYLINDER STANDING & CONE PENETRATING
A cylinder of 80 mm diameter and 100 mm axis is completely penetrated by a cone of 80 mm diameter and 120 mm long axis
horizontally. Both axes intersect & bisect each other. Draw projections showing curve of intersections.
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CYLINDER STANDING & TRIANGULAR PRISM PENETRATING
A cylinder 50mm diameter and 70mm axis is completely penetrated by a triangular prism of 45 mm sides and 70 mm axis,
horizontally. One flat face of prism is parallel to VP and contains axis of cylinder. Draw projections showing curves of
intersections.
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CONE STANDING & SQUARE PRISM PENETRATING (BOTH AXES VERTICAL)
A cone 70 mm base diameter and 90 mm axis is completely penetrated by a square prism from top with it’s axis // to cone’s axis
and 5 mm away from it to the right. A vertical plane containing both axes is parallel to VP. Take all faces of square prism equally
inclined to VP. Base Side of prism is 30 mm and axis is 100 mm long. Draw projections showing curves of intersections.
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