LINE PERFORMANCE
POWER TRANSMI SSI ON & DI STRI BUTI ON
EE-204
INTRODUCTION
• (i) Short transmission lines
• (ii) Medium transmission lines
• (iii) Long transmission lines
PERFORMANCE OF LINE
• (i) Voltage regulation
• (ii) Transmission efficiency
SHORT TRANSMISSION LINE
SHORT TRANSMISSION LINE
SHORT TRANSMISSION LINE
SHORT TRANSMISSION LINE
NUMERICAL
A single phase overhead transmission line delivers 1100 kW at 33 kV at 0·8 p.f.
lagging. The total resistance and inductive reactance of the line are 10 Ω and 15 Ω
respectively.
Determine : (i) sending end voltage (ii) sending end power factor and (iii)
transmission efficiency.
NUMERICAL
A short 3-φ transmission line with an impedance of (6 + j 8) Ω per phase has
sending and receiving end voltages of 120 kV and 110 kV respectively for some
receiving end load at a p.f. of 0·9 lagging.
Determine (i) power output and (ii) sending end power factor.
MEDIUM TRANSMISSION LINE
The most commonly used methods (known as localised
capacitance methods) for the solution of medium transmissions
lines are :
(i) End condenser method
(ii) Nominal T method
(iii) Nominal π method.
MEDIUM TRANSMISSION LINE
(i) End condenser method
MEDIUM TRANSMISSION LINE
(ii) Nominal T method
MEDIUM TRANSMISSION LINE
(ii) Nominal T method
MEDIUM TRANSMISSION LINE
(iii) Nominal π method.
MEDIUM TRANSMISSION LINE
(iii) Nominal π method.
NUMERICAL
• A (medium) single phase transmission line 100 km long has the following constants
Resistance/km = 0·25 Ω ; Reactance/km = 0·8 Ω, Susceptance/km = 14 × 10−6
siemen ; Receiving end line voltage = 66,000 V. Assuming that the total capacitance
of the line is localised at the receiving end alone, determine
• (i) the sending end current
• (ii) the sending end voltage
• (iii) regulation and
• (iv) supply power factor.
• The line is delivering 15,000 kW at 0.8 power factor lagging. Draw the phasor
diagram to illustrate your calculations.
NUMERICAL
A 3-phase, 50-Hz overhead transmission line 100 km long has
the following constants :
Resistance/km/phase = 0.1 Ω
Inductive reactance/km/phase = 0·2 Ω
Capacitive susceptance/km/phase = 0·04 × 10− 4 siemen
Determine
(i) the sending end current
(ii) sending end voltage
(iii) sending end power factor and
(iv) transmission efficiency when supplying a balanced load of
10,000 kW at 66 kV, p.f. 0·8 lagging.
Use nominal T method.
NUMERICAL
• A 3-phase, 50Hz, 150 km line has a resistance, inductive
reactance and capacitive shunt admittance of 0·1 Ω, 0·5 Ω and
3 × 10−6 S per km per phase. If the line delivers 50 MW at
110 kV and 0·8 p.f. lagging, determine the sending end voltage
and current. Assume a nominal π circuit for the line.
INTRODUCTION TO TRAVELING WAVES
TRAVELLING WAVE
SURGE IMPEDANCE
VELOCITY OF TRAVELLING WAVE
VELOCITY OF TRAVELLING WAVE
SURGE IMPEDANCE
Surge Impedance is the characteristic impedance of a lossless
transmission line. It is also called Natural Impedance because
this impedance has nothing to do with load impedance. Since
line is assumed to be lossless, this means that series resistance
and shunt conductance is negligible i.e. zero for power lines.
SURGE IMPEDANCE LOADING
SIL is defined as the power delivered by a line to a purely
resistive load equal in value to the surge impedance of that line.
The unit of SIL is Watt or MW.
When the line is terminated by surge impedance the receiving
end voltage is equal to the sending end voltage and this case is
called flat voltage profile.
SERIES COMPENSATION
SERIES COMPENSATION
SHUNT COMPENSATION
DEGREE OF SERIES COMPENSATION
DEGREE OF SHUNT COMPENSATION
CONSIDERING BOTH
CONSIDERING BOTH
