ATTACHMENT REPORT
CONDUCTED AT BONWAKS CONTRACTORS AND SUPPLY LIMITED
FROM 1ST SEPTEMBER TO 30TH NOVEMBER 2022.
REPRESENTED BY: ROBINSON NAMAYI
ADMISSION NUMBER: CEEET21S/5365
REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF CERTIFICATE IN
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING
THE SIGALAGALA NATIONAL POYTECHNIC.
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DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this Report is an Authentic record of my own work experience during my
attachment period carried out at BONWAKS CONTACTORS AND SUPPLY LTD for a
duration of 3 months.
I further declare that this report has not been submitted for an attachment report
submission or any other award in the College.
NAME: ROBINSON NAMAYI
Signed: ________________________ Date: __________________________
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Table of Contents
ABSTRACT................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
DEDICATION............................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER 1...............................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
INTRODUCTION...................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.2 SCOPE..............................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.3 CAPITAL D ELEGANCE................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.3.1 Historical background....................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.3.2 VISSION........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.3.3 MISSION.......................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.3.4 CORE VALUES..........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.4 ORGANISATION STRUCTURE....................................................................................5
1.5 DEPARTMENTS OF CAPITAL D ELEGANCE...........Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.6 CURRICULUM INSTRUCTION AND OFFICE WORK.Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER 2...............................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.0 PERIOD OF ATTACHMENT........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.1 OBJECTIVES...................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2 BENEFITS OF THE ATTACHMENT.............................Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3 KEY RESPONSIBILITIES ASSIGNED..........................Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.1 DOMESTIC WIRING...................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.2 SLAB AND WALL PIPING.........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.3 SOLAR INSTALLATION.............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
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CHAPTER 3...............................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.0 EXPERIENCE..................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.1 GUIDANCE......................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.2 OBSERVATION...............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.3 QUESTIONS.....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.4 INTERACTION................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.5 CHALLENGES.................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.6 ACHIEVEMENTS............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.7 KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS AQUIRED......................Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER 4...............................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.0 CONCLUSION.................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1 RECOMMENDATION....................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
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ORGANISATION STRUCTURE.
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF DAILLY ACTIVITIES
SUB STATION LAYOUT DIAGRAM 33KV /11KV
ELECTRICAL MACHINES.
1. TRANSFORMERS
A transformer is a static machine used to transfer voltage from one circuit to another
without changing frequency.
It is used in stepping up or stepping down AC Voltage
It follows the law of ohm’s law which states that the current following through a
conductor is directly proportional to the applied potential difference and inversely
proportional to the resistance in the circuit, provided temperature and other physical
conditions are kept constant.
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2. GENERATORS
Generator is a device that converts mechanical energy obtained from an external source into
electrical energy as the output.
Sources of mechanical energy include steam turbines, gas turbines, water turbines, internal
combustion engines, wind turbines and even hand cranks.
3. MOTORS
Motor is a machine that is used to convert electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Types of motors
1. Induction motors (AC motors)
2. Slip ring motors
3. Synchronous motor e.g. generators
4. Dc motors – have carbon brushes and commentator segments.
5. Asynchronous motors.
Induction motor details
1. Pitch/spun – distance covered by coil
2. Turns – number of wires used to form a set (coil)
Example 1 – 8 – 10 – 12
3. Series – are being formed by coils
Example 1 – 8, 1 – 10, 1 – 12
4. Sets – are when we join series together
5. Slots – holes that lay wires in time of winding
6. Parallel – wire in hands
7. SWG – size of wire gauge
Single phase motor connection
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Single phase motor has got two winding:
i) Running windings
ii) Starting windings.
MOTOR STARTING METHODS
Components of motor starters-
a. Contactor – is an electrical device which is used to switch an electrical circuit on or off
automatically.
b. Overload – is a device that protects an electric motor against overloads and phase failure.
c. Relay – is a switch which opens or closes the contacts to cause the operation of the other
electric control
d. Circuit breaker – it is a switching device that can be operated manually or automatically
interrupts the current flow under abnormal conditions.
e. Timer – is a specialized type of clock used for measuring specific time intervals.
The purpose of a starter in motor is to: -
a) Reduce the heavy starting current.
b) To provide overload and under voltage protection
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1. DIRECT ONLINE (D.O.L).
It is simple and economical.
In this method the starter is connected directly to supply voltage. By this method, small
motors up to SKW rating are started to avoid the supply voltage fluctuation.
Advantages of DOL
a. Simple and most economical starter.
b. More comfortable to design, operate and control.
c. Provides nearly full starting torque at starting.
d. Easy to understand and troubleshoot.
DOL control circuit
Disadvantages of DOL
1. High starting current (5 – 8 times of full load current).
2. DOL starter causes a significant trip in voltage, hence suitable only for small motors.
3. DOL starters reduces the lifespan of the machine.
4. Mechanically tough.
5. Unnecessary high starting torque.
FORWARD AND REVERSE CONNECTION ON
DIRECT ON-LINE
- Forward reverse is a device that controls the flow of electrical power to a motor.
- It is designed to safely and stop a motor and provide overload protection.
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Operating Mode.
By pressing a forward push button, the KF coil contactor is energized, the motor will be connected
for clockwise run and maintains itself after the button reverse by means of auxiliary switch KF.
The stop button and the auxiliary contact of KR which serves as interlock, thus avoiding
simultaneous connection of KF and KR contactors. In a similar manner things take place if we
want to change the direction of rotation, thereby pressing Reverse button contactor KR is
connected so the motor is rotating clockwise, this is possible only by activating previously the stop
button.
When overload occur, circuit breaker opens the overload so the motor is stopped.
POWER CIRCUIT
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STAR – DELTA CONNECTION
Is the most commonly used method for the starting of a 3 phase induction motor.
In star delta starting an induction motor is connected in through a star connection throughout the
starting period. Then once the motor reaches the required speed, the motor is connected in through
a delta connection.
Disadvantages of star – delta starter
a. starting torque is reduced to 1/3 of full load torque.
b. A particular set of motors required.
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STAR DELTA CONTROL CIRCUIT
Advantages of Star – Delta
a. It is inexpensive
b. No heat is produced, or tap changing device needs to be used hence efficiency increases.
c. Starting current reduced to 1/3 of direct on-line starting current.
d. Produce high torque per ampere of line current
Application of Star – Delta starter
1. Most suited to applications where the required starting current is low and where the line
current draw must be at a minimum value.
2. Where high starting torque delivery is required, for this application, a DOL starter should
be used instead.
3. If the motor is too heavily loaded, this will not be enough torque to accelerate the motor up
to speed before switching over to the delta position. Mostly used in centrifugal compressor.
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PURPOSE OF THE ATTACHEMENT
The attachment was purposed to help me in a number of ways as follows;
1. To gain knowledge and experience in my career of Certificate in Electrical and
Electronics with new machines.
2. To nurture me with enough skills for early preparation by enabling me to blend
theoretical knowledge acquired in the classroom with practical hands on
application.
3. To help me become familiar with various equipment handled in the field.
4. For socialization so that I can interact with new friends and different organizations
across the country.
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CHALLENGES
1. Busy schedule of the trainer – There is a time when the trainer had a busy schedule
that they could hardly attend to trainees. This resulted into a disruption in between the
time for training at the relevant department.
2. Placement of many student in one department – As far as students are distributed
and related within a department, a large number of students are attached at a specific
department which inconveniences learning.
3. Accommodation and Cost of food – there was a high fee on accommodation and cost
of food due to high living standard brought by the Covid-19 and climate change across
the country.
4. Not allowed to test a machine/a car after repairing – the trainers were restricted
even not to test a car after repairing.
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RESOLUTIONS TO CHALLENGES
- The number of students placed per department should be small enough to enable a trainer
to handle them very easily. This is would ensure there is enough space and flexibility in
the department. The trainer would also find it easy to attend to and monitor every trainee
translating to maximum acquisition of practical knowledge and skills to the student.
- The trainers need to be allowed to test the machines for instance a car they have
repaired before handing it over. This would help them identify if there are some
uncorrected mistakes available and increase the perfection.
- The trainer should be allowed enough time to interact with the trainees, show them how
different departments work, equipment plus many more. This would help counter the
disruption caused when the trainer should be interacting with the trainees but he/she is
fixed within a tight schedule.
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FINDINGS
In relation to my course, Certificate in Electrical and Electronics, I found out that field
teaches a lot more. Some of the things I found out in the field pertaining to my course
include;
1. The field attachment expounds more on heavy plant maintenance. As taught in my
course, in field attachment, I got to fix problems with heavy plant machines such as
fixing TX pump, replacing flywheel plates among others. Under heavy plants, we get to
fix drum brakes, hydraulic pipe leakage, chevrons, leaf spring, and manifold among
others. I found out that tie rod controls the wheel when in stationary, motion, or
cornering.
2. Likewise, the machine shop experience is more or else the same as those taught in craft in
automotive engineering. It is necessary to turn and face lathe machine properly before
fixing the housing in the hitch when preparing hitching housing.
3. When cleaning a vehicle’s engine from stalled oil, it is necessary to blow air into
air cleaner before replacing oil.
4. Testing of machines after finishing repair helps identify any other additional problem in
the machine such as vehicles, motorcycles as well as ensuring the repair is as perfect as
possible and the machine is operational.
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RECOMMENDATIONS
Following the attachment I had at BONWAKS CONTRACTORS AND SUPPLY LTD I
came up with the following recommendations;
A part from the thanks, there are some recommendations I would like to suggest to the
company for future trainings and they include;
The company should provide protective gears to its workers.
The company should provide many qualified supervisors in order to give more time to
internees and attaches.
Trainees should be motivated so that they may be more productive in construction fields.
They should support attaches financially to encourage and motivate them, and this may
push them to demand for more attachment period.
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CONCLUSION
The Summer industrial attachment concluded in a period of nine weeks played a great role in my
undergraduate program. It was a period of opportunities to apply class theoretical knowledge into
real practical skills. I participated in multitask works at construction site and this helped me in
gaining experiences in Automotive field like servicing and engine testing.
Being on construction site highly contributed to my level of sociability like communication
skills, teamwork skills, time management skills, personal work ethics, consultative skills, task
scheduling skills and analytical skills.
My efforts of participating with the consultants and supervisors helped me in producing valuable
and quantitative work in order to meet my client's requirements. Skills I obtained in industrial
attachment will help me in the career of ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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