Relations and Functions

MCQ (1 Marks)
Question 1.
The relation R on the set A ={ 1,2,3}given by R = {(1,1),(1,2),(2,2),(2,3),(3,3)} is
a) Reflexive b) Symmetric c) Transitive d) Equivalence
Question 2.
Let f: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be defined as f(x) =3x - 2. Choose the correct answer.
a) f is one-one onto b)f is many one onto
c)f is one-one but not onto d)f is neither one-one nor onto
Question 3.

Let R be a relation defined on Z (integers) as R= {(a,b) ; a2+b2=25 } , the

domain of R is;
(a) {3,4,5} (b) {0,3,4,5} (c) {0,3,4,5,-3,-4,-5} (d) none

Question 4.
Let R be the relation in the set N given by R={(a, b):a=b-2,b>6}.Choose the correct
answer.
(a) (2,4)∊ R (b) (3,8) ∊ R (c) (6,8) ∊ R (d) (8,10) ∊ R
Question 5.
Set A has 3 elements and set B has 4 elements. Then the number of injective functions that
can be defined from set A to set B is
(a) 144 (b)12 (c)24 (d)64
Question 6.
Let R be a relation on set of lines as L1 R L2 if L1 is perpendicular to L2. Then
a) R is Reflexive
b) R is transitive
c) R is symmetric
d) R is an equivalence relation
Question 7
Let f: R → R is defined as f(x) = 3x then f is

a) f is one-one and onto

b) f is one-one but not onto
c) f is many-one
d) f is neither one-one nor onto
1
Question 8.
A Relation from A to B is an arbitrary subset of:
a) AxB b) BxB c)AxA d)BxB
Question 9.
Let T be the set of all triangles in the Euclidean plane, and let a relation R on T be defined as
aRbif a is congruent to b ∀ a, b ∈ T. Then R is
(a) Reflexive but not transitive
(b) Transitive but not symmetric
(c) Equivalence
(d) None of these

Question 10.
The maximum number of equivalence relations on the set A = {1, 2, 3} are

(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 5

Question 11.

Let us define a relation R in R as aRb if a ≥ b. Then R is

(a) An equivalence relation
(b) Reflexive, transitive but not symmetric
(c) Symmetric, transitive but not reflexive
(d) Neither transitive nor reflexive but symmetric
Question 12.
Let A = {1, 2, 3} and consider the relation R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3), (1, 3)}.
Then R is
(a) reflexive but not symmetric
(b) reflexive but not transitive
(c) symmetric and transitive
(d) neither symmetric, nor transitive

Question 13.Which of the following functions from Z into Z are bijective?

(a) f(x) = x3
(b) f(x) = x + 2
(c) f(x) = 2x + 1
(d) f(x) = x2 + 1

2
 Question 15.

Let S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and let A = S × S. Define the relation R on A as follows:

(a, b) R (c, d) if ad = cb. Then, R is

(a) reflexive only

(b) Symmetric only
(c) Transitive only
(d) Equivalence relation

Question 16.

Let X = {-1, 0, 1}, Y = {0, 2} and a function f : X → Y defined by y = 2x4, is

(a) one-one onto

(b) one-one into
(c) many-one onto
(d) many-one into
Question 17.

Let A = R – {3}, B = R – {1}. Let f : A → B be defined by f(x)=(x−2)/(x−3). Then,

(a) f is bijective
(b) f is one-one but not onto
(c) f is onto but not one-one
(d) None of these
Question 18.
The mapping f : N → N is given by f(n) = 1 + n2, n ∈ N when N is the set of natural numbers is

(a) one-one and onto

(b) onto but not one-one
(c) one-one but not onto
(d) neither one-one nor onto
Question 19.

The function f : R → R given by f(x) = x3 – 1 is

(a) a one-one function

(b) an onto function
(c) a bijection
(d) neither one-one nor onto

3
Question 25.
Assertion(A) : Every Relation is Equivalence in nature
Reason(R) : Every Equivalence relation is symmetric, transitive and reflexive
a) Assertion is true and Reason is true . Reason is correct explanation for Assertion.
b) Assertion is true and Reason is true . Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c) Assertion is true and Reason is false.
d) Assertion is false but Reason is true.

Question 26
Assertion(A) : All Functions are Relations
Reason(R) : All Relations are functions
a) Assertion is true and Reason is true . Reason is correct explanation for Assertion.
b) Assertion is true and Reason is true . Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c) Assertion is true and Reason is false.
d) Assertion is false but Reason is true.

4
Very Short Answer questions (10 x 2=20)
Question 1.
If R = {(a, a3): a is a prime number less than 5} be a relation. Find the range of R.
Question 2.
Let R is the equivalence relation in the set A = {0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5} given by R = {(a, b) :
2 divides (a – b)}. Write the equivalence class [0].
Question 3.
If R = {(x, y): x + 2y = 8} is a relation on N, then write the range of R. (All India
2014)
Question 4.
If A = {1, 2, 3}, S = {4, 5,6, 7} and f = {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)} is a function from A to B.
State whether f is one-one or not.
Question 5.
If f : R → R is defined by f{x) = 3x + 2, then define f[f(x)].
Question 8.
State the reason for the relation R in the set {1, 2, 3} given by R = {(1, 2), (2,1)} not
to be transitive.
Question 9.
What is the range of the function. f(x) = |x−1|/x−1, x ≠ 1?

5
Short Answer questions (20 x 3=60)

Question 13.
Check whether the relation R defined on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} as R = {(a, b):
b = a + 1} is reflexive, symmetric or transitive.
Question 14.
Let f : N → Y be a function defined as f(x) = 4x + 3, where, Y = {y ∈ N : y = 4x + 3,
for some x ∈ N}. Check whether the function is surjective or injective.
Question 15.
Show that the relation R on R defined as R = {(a, b) : (a ≤ b)}, is reflexive and
transitive but not symmetric.
Question 16.
Prove that the function, f : N → N is defined by f(x) = x 2 + x + 1 is one-one but not
onto.
Question 17.
If f: W → W is defined as f(x) = x – 1, if x is odd and f(x) = x + 1, if x is even.
Check the nature of function and comment whether it is one-one or many-one
Question 18.
If f,g :R → R are two functions defined as f(x) = |x| + x and g(x) = |x| – x, ∀ x ∈ R.
Check the nature of function and comment whether it is one-one or many-one
Question 19.
If R is a relation defined on the set of natural numbers N as follows:
R = {(x, y) : x ∈ N, y ∈ N and 2x + y = 24}, then find the domain and range of the
relation R . Also, find whether R is an equivalence relation or not.
Question 21.
If A = {1, 2, 3, .. ,9} and R is the relation in A × A defined by (a , b) R(c, d), if a + d =
b + c for (a,b), (c, d) in A × A. Prove that R is an equivalence relation.
Question 22.
If the function R → R is given by f(x) = x2 + 2. Check the nature of function and
comment whether it is one-one or many-one

6
Question 23.
If A = R-{2}, B = R-{1} and f: A → B is a function defined by f(x) = x−1/x-2 then
show that f is one-one and onto.
Question 24.
Show that the function f in A = R defined as f(x) = x is one-one and onto.

Question 25.
Show that f: N → N, given by

is bijective (both one-one and onto).

Question 26.
If f: R → R is defined as f(x) = 10x + 7. Check the nature of function and comment
whether it is one-one or many-one.
Question 27.
If f: R → R is the function defined by f(x) = 4x 3 + 7, then show that f is a bijection.
Question 28.
If Z is the set of all integers and R is the relation on Z defined as R = {(a, b):a,b ∈ Z
and a – b is divisible by 5}. Prove that R is an equivalence relation.
Question 29.
Show that the relation S in the set R of real numbers defined as S – {(a, b): a,b ∈
R and a ≤ b3} is neither reflexive nor symmetric nor transitive.
Question 30.
Show that the relation S in set A = {x ∈ Z: 0 ≤ x ≤ 12} given by S = {(a, b): a, b ∈ |a –
b| is divisible by 4} is an equivalence relation. Find the set of all elements related
to 1.
Long Answer questions (20 x 5=100)
Question 31.
Show that the relation S defined on set N × N by (a, b) S (c, d) ⇒ a + d = b + c is
an equivalence relation.

7
Question 32.
If f : X → Y is a function. Define a relation R on X given by R = {(a, b): f(a) = f(b)}.
Show that R is an equivalence relation on X.
Question 33.
Show that a function f: R → R given by f(x) = ax + b, a, b ∈ R, a ≠ 0 is a bijective.
Question 34.
Let A = {x ∈ Z: 0 ≤ x ≤ 12}. Show that R = {(a, b): a, b ∈ A, |a – b| is divisible by 4} is
an equivalence relation. Find the set of all elements related to 1.
Question 35.
Show that the function f: R → R defined by f(x) = X/X2+1, ∀ x ∈ R is neither one-
one nor onto.
Question 36.
Show that the relation R on the set Z of all integers defined by (x, y) ∈ R ⇔ (x – y)
is divisible by 3 is an equivalence relation.
Question 37.
Consider f: R+ → [-5, ∞) given by f(x) = 9x2 + 6x – 5. Show that f is bijective.
Question 38.
Consider f : R – {−43} → R – {43} given by f(x) = 4x+3/3x+4. Show that f is
bijective.
Question 39.
Let f: N → N be a function defined as f(x) – 9x2 + 6x – 5. Show that f: N → S, where
S is the range of f, is invertible.
Question 40.
If N denotes the set of all natural numbers and R be the relation on N × N defined
by (a, b) R (c, d), if ad(b + c) = bc(a + d). Show that R is an equivalence relation.
Question 41.
If f: R → R is defined by f(x) = x2 − 3x + 2, find f(f(x)).
Question 47.
Let X = [−1,1]then, discuss if the following functions described on
X are one-one onto or bijective functions. You have the following.
(i) g(x) = |x|
(ii) f(x) = x/2
(iii) h(x) = x |x|
(iv) k(x) = x2

8
Question 42.
Let R be a relation described on the set of natural numbers N. Determine
the domain and range of the relation. Also check whether R is symmetric,
reflexive and/or transitive.
R = {x, y}: x ∈ N, y ∈ N, 2x+y = 41}

Question 43.
Consider the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, and B = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25} and a function
ƒ : A → B defined by f(1) = 1, f(2) = 4, f(3) = 9, f(4) = 16 and f(5) = 25
(i)Show that f is one-to-one
(ii) Show that f is onto.

Question 44.
When is a relation R on a set A is said to be reflexive?
Question 45.
𝑥
Show that ƒ : [-1, 1] → R given by f(x)= is one-one.
𝑥+2
Question 46.
Give a relation on a set A = {1,2,3,4} which is reflexive , symmetric and
not transitive.

Question 47.
What is the minimum number of pairs to form a non-zero reflexive
relation on a set of n elements?
Question 48.
Show that the Relation R in the set A of points in a plane given by
R = { (P, Q): Distance of Point P from the origin is same as the distance
of point Q from the origin }, is an equivalence relation. Further show that
the set of all the points related to point P ≠(0, 0) is a circle passing
through point P with origin as its centre.
Question 49.
Show that the Relation R in the set A of all triangles in a plane given by
R = { (T1, T2): T1 is similar to T2} , is equivalence relation. Consider three
Right angle triangle T1 (3,4,5) , T2 (5,12,13) and T3 with sides (6,8,10).
which of these triangles are related.
Question 50.
Show that the Relation R in the set A of all Polygon as R = { (P1,P2) : P1

9
and P2 have same number of sides }, is an equivalence relation.
Question 51.
Let L be the set of all lines in XY plane and R be the Relation in L defined as
R = { (L1 , L2): L1 is parallel to L2 }. Show that R is an equivalence Relation.
Find the set of all lines related to the line Y = 2X + 4.

Question52.
Relation R in the set A of Human Beings in a town at a particular time given by
a) R ={ (x , y) : x and y work at the same place}
b) R ={ (x , y) : x and y live at the same locality}
c) R ={ (x , y) : x is exactly 7 cm taller than y}
d) R ={ (x , y) : x is father of y}

CASE STUDY (4 Marks)

1. A general election of Lok Sabha is a gigantic exercise. About 911 million
people
were eligible to vote and voter turnout was about 67%, the highest ever.
Let I be the set of all citizens of India who were eligible to exercise their voting
right in general election held in 2019. A relation ‘R’ is defined on I as follows:
R = {(𝑉1,2)∶ 𝑉1,𝑉2 ∈𝐼 and both use their voting right in general election – 2019}

1)Two neighbours X and Y∈ I. X exercised his voting right while Y did not cast
her vote in general election 2019. Which of the following is true?
a. (X,Y) ∈R

10
b. (Y,X) ∈R
c. (X,X) ∉R
d. (X,Y) ∉R
2) Mr.’𝑋’ and his wife ‘𝑊’both exercised their voting right in general election
2019,
Which of the following is true?
a. both (X,W) and (W,X) ∈ R
b. (X,W) ∈ R but (W,X) ∉ R
c. both (X,W) and (W,X) ∉ R
d. (W,X) ∈ R but (X,W) ∉ R
3) Three friends F1, F2 and F3 exercised their voting right in general election
2019,
then which of the following is true?

a. (F1,F2 ) ∈R, (F2,F3) ∈ R and (F1,F3) ∈ R

b. (F1,F2 ) ∈ R, (F2,F3) ∈ R and (F1,F3) ∉ R
c. (F1,F2 ) ∈ R, (F2,F2) ∈R but (F3,F3) ∉ R
d. (F1,F2 ) ∉ R, (F2,F3) ∉ R and (F1,F3) ∉ R
4) The above defined relation R is __________

a. Symmetric and transitive but not reflexive

b. Universal relation
c. Equivalence relation
d. Reflexive but not symmetric and transitive

2. Sherlin and Danju are playing Ludo at home during Covid-19. While
rolling the dice, Sherlin’s sister Raji observed and noted the
possible outcomes of the throw
every time belongs to set {1,2,3,4,5,6}. Let A be the set of players while B
be the of all possible outcomes. A = {S, D}, B = {1,2,3,4,5,6}

1). Let 𝑅∶ 𝐵→𝐵 be defined by R = {(𝑥,): 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 } is

a. Reflexive and transitive but not symmetric

11
 b. Reflexive and symmetric and not transitive
c. Not reflexive but symmetric and transitive
d. Equivalence

2) Raji wants to know the number of functions from A to B. How many number of
functions are possible?
a. 62
b. 26
c. 6!
d. 212
3) Let R be a relation on B defined by
R = {(1,2), (2,2), (1,3), (3,4), (3,1), (4,3), (5,5)}. Then R is

a. Symmetric
b. Reflexive
c. Transitive
d. None of these three

4) Raji wants to know the number of relations possible from A to B.

How many numbers of relations are possible?

a. 62
b. 26
c. 6!
d. 212

3. An organization conducted bike race under 2 different categories-boys and

girls. Totally there were 250 participants. Among all of them finally three from
Category 1 and two from Category 2 were selected for the final race. Ravi forms
two sets B and G with these participants for his college project.
Let B = {b1,b2,b3} G={g1,g2} where B represents the set of boys selected and G
the set of girls who were selected for the final race.
Ravi decides to explore these sets for various types of relations and functions
1) Ravi wishes to form all the relations possible from B to G. How many such
relations are possible?

12
a. 26
b. 25
c. 0
d. 23

2) Let R: B→B be defined by R = {(𝑥,): 𝑥 and y are students of same sex},

Then this relation R is_______

a. Equivalence
b. Reflexive only
c. Reflexive and symmetric but not transitive
d. Reflexive and transitive but not symmetric

3) Ravi wants to know among those relations, how many functions can be
formed from B to G ?

a. 22
b. 212
c. 32
d. 23

4) Let 𝑅: 𝐵→𝐺 be defined by R = { (b1,g1), (b2,g2),(b3,g1)}, then R is__________

a. Injective
b. Surjective
c. Neither Surjective nor Injective
d. Surjective and Injective

4.Students of Grade 9, planned to plant saplings along straight lines, parallel to

each other to one side of the playground ensuring that they had enough play
area. Let us assume that they planted one of the rows of the saplings along the
line 𝑦=𝑥−4. Let L be the set of all lines which are parallel on the ground and R be
a relation on L.
Answer the following using the above information.

13
1) Let relation R be defined by R = {(𝐿1,2): 𝐿1║𝐿2 where L1,L2 € L}
then R is______ relation

a. Equivalence
b. Only reflexive
c. Not reflexive
d. Symmetric but not transitive

2) Let R = { (𝐿1,𝐿2)∶ 𝐿1┴𝐿2 where L1,L2 € L } which of the following is true?

a. R is Symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive
b. R is Reflexive and transitive but not symmetric
c. R is Reflexive but neither symmetric nor transitive
d. R is an Equivalence relation

3) The function f: R→R defined by (𝑥)=𝑥−4 is___________

a. Bijective
b. Surjective but not injective
c. Injective but not Surjective
d. Neither Surjective nor Injective

4) Let 𝑓: 𝑅→𝑅 be defined by (𝑥)=𝑥−4. Then the range of (𝑥) is ________

a. R
b. Z
c. W
d) Q

14