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Data Presentation

The document presents an overview of data types, including qualitative, quantitative, nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio, discrete, and continuous data. It also discusses methods of data presentation, such as tables and various types of graphs and diagrams, to effectively convey information. The importance of frequency distribution tables and visual representations like histograms, pie charts, and scatter diagrams is emphasized for both qualitative and quantitative data.

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14 views22 pages

Data Presentation

The document presents an overview of data types, including qualitative, quantitative, nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio, discrete, and continuous data. It also discusses methods of data presentation, such as tables and various types of graphs and diagrams, to effectively convey information. The importance of frequency distribution tables and visual representations like histograms, pie charts, and scatter diagrams is emphasized for both qualitative and quantitative data.

Uploaded by

pasrichaniharika9
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Data Presentation

Presented by:
Aakanksha Rale
Twinkle Bhasin
Payal Patil

MSc Clinical Nutrition


Data
measurements or observations that are collected as a source of information

Statistical data

min
Qualitative / Categorical data
Qualitative data, also known as the categorical data, describes the data that fits
into the categories.

Qualitative data are not numerical.

The categorical information involves categorical variables that describe the


features such as a person’s gender, home town, died, cured etc.

Categorical measures are defined in terms of natural language specifications, but


not in terms of numbers.
Quantitative / Numerical Data

Quantitative data is also known as numerical data which represents the


numerical value (i.e., how much, how often, how many).

Numerical data gives information about the quantities of a specific thing.

examples of numerical data are height, length, size, weight.


Nominal Data
Nominal data is a type of data that is used to label
variables without providing any quantitative value.

Nominal data cannot be ordered and cannot be


measured.
But sometimes, the data can be qualitative and
quantitative.
Examples of nominal data are letters, symbols, words,
gender etc.
May
The nominal data are examined using the grouping
method and visually represented using the pie charts.
Ordinal Data
ordinal data are the type of data in which the values
follow a natural order.
The significant feature of the nominal data is that the
difference between the data values is not determined.
The ordinal data is commonly represented using a bar
chart.
Example - measuring economic status using the
hierarchy: ‘wealthy’, ‘middle income’ or ‘poor.’
May
Interval Data

Interval data is measured along a numerical


scale that has equal intervals between
adjacent values.
Interval datasets have no ‘true zero,’ i.e. they
may contain negative values.
Example - Temperature in Fahrenheit
Ratio Data

Ratio data is measured along a numerical scale that


has equal distances between adjacent values, and a
true zero (zero represents an absence of the
variable, and you cannot have negative values)
Ratio data are measured using a continuous,
equidistant scale that shows order, direction, and a
precise difference in values.
Discrete Data

Discrete data can take only discrete values.


Discrete information contains only a finite
number of possible values.
In Discrete data things can be counted in
whole numbers.
Example - Number of students in the class.
Continuous Data

It has an infinite number of probable


values that can be selected within a
given specific range.
Example - Temperature range
DATA PRESENTATION

Data presentation is the process of visually representing


data sets to convey information effectively to an
audience.
METHODS OF
DATA PRESENTATION

TABLE GRAPH/DIAGRAMS

Frequency Quantitative Qualitative


Histogram Bar diagram
distribution table
Frequency polygon Pie or sector
or frequency table Frequency curve diagram
Qualitative Line chart or graph
Pictogram or
data Cumulative
picture diagram
Quantitative frequency diagram
Map diagram or
Scatter or dot
data diagram
spot map.
Frequency distribution table
or frequency table
It groups large number of series or observations of master table and presents the
data very concisely, giving all information at a glance.

A frequency table shows a set of values and assigns a frequency to each of them.
In other words, how often does each value occur?

All the frequencies considered together form the frequency distribution.

The number of persons in each group is called the frequency of that group. It
records how frequently a characteristic or an event occurs in persons of the same
group.
Frequency distribution table
or frequency table
Qualitative Data
In these tables, each characteristic such as deaths form one whole group or class and is
not split into subgroups or subclasses because there is no range of variability, and no class
interval. Death means death and attack means attack, no fractions or parts are there.
.
Frequency distribution table
or frequency table
Quantitative Data
The data of variable characteristics are continuous such as height, weight, pulse rate,
bleeding time, etc. They have a range from the lowest to the highest. This range is divided
into subranges or groups and subrange frequency called, class frequency is noted
opposite each group.
GRAPHS/ DIAGRAMS
QUANTITATIVE DATA
HISTOGRAM
FREQUENCY POLYGON
It's a statistical graph that uses plotted
A frequency polygon is a line graph of class
bars to represent the distribution of a
frequency plotted against class midpoint. It
continuous dataset. The height of each bar
can be obtained by joining the midpoints of
reflects the frequency or count of data
the tops of the rectangles in the histogram
points within each group.
GRAPHS/ DIAGRAMS
QUANTITATIVE DATA
FREQUENCY CURVE LINE CHART OR GRAPH
A smooth curve which corresponds to the It is a graphical representation used to display
limiting case of a histogram computed for a data points connected by straight lines. This type
frequency distribution of a continuous of chart is particularly useful for visualizing
distribution as the number of data points trends, changes, and relationships in data over a
becomes very large. continuous interval, often time.
GRAPHS/ DIAGRAMS
QUANTITATIVE DATA
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DIAGRAM SCATTERED OR DOT DIAGRAM
It is also called the Ogives graph. A scatter diagram, also known as a scatter plot or X-
Ogives are graphs that are used to estimate how many Y graph, that shows the relationship between two
numbers lie below or above a particular variable or variables. In a scatter diagram, each variable is
value in data. To draw this, an ordinary frequency plotted on its axis. If the variables are correlated,
distribution table in a quantitative data has to be the points will fall along a line or curve. The tighter
converted into u relative cumulative frequency table the points hug the line, the better the correlation.
GRAPHS/ DIAGRAMS
QUALITATIVE DATA
BAR DIAGRAM PIE OR SECTOR DIAGRAM
A bar diagram, also known as a bar chart, is a visual A pie chart is a circular graph with segmented data
tool that uses rectangular bars to represent that can also be referred to as a sector graph or
categorical data. The bars can be plotted vertically circle chart. Every sector or segment represents a
or horizontally, with the height or length of the bars subset or category of the total. The size of each
being proportional to the values they represent. sector is proportionate to the percentage of the
total that the category represents.
GRAPHS/ DIAGRAMS
QUALITATIVE DATA
PICTOGRAM OR PICTURE DIAGRAM MAP OR SPOT DIAGRAM
Pictograms are types of charts and graphs that
These maps are prepared to show the
use icons and images to represent data.
geographical distribution of frequencies of
characteristic
REFERENCES
BK MAHANJAN
THANK
YOU

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