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Ghaznavid Empire Study Sheet

The Ghaznavid Empire was founded in 963 CE by Alptigin and reached its peak under Sultan Mahmud from 997 to 1030 CE, known for his raids into India and cultural patronage. The empire's decline began after the Seljuks defeated Mas’ud I in 1040 CE, leading to its end in 1186 CE when Muhammad Ghori defeated Khusrau Malik. The legacy of the Ghaznavids includes the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate and the spread of Persian-Islamic culture in India.

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18 views2 pages

Ghaznavid Empire Study Sheet

The Ghaznavid Empire was founded in 963 CE by Alptigin and reached its peak under Sultan Mahmud from 997 to 1030 CE, known for his raids into India and cultural patronage. The empire's decline began after the Seljuks defeated Mas’ud I in 1040 CE, leading to its end in 1186 CE when Muhammad Ghori defeated Khusrau Malik. The legacy of the Ghaznavids includes the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate and the spread of Persian-Islamic culture in India.

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notgamernightmare
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Category Year(s)

Event / Description
Founding 963 CE Alptigin, a former slave of the Samanids, captures Ghazni and starts semi-independent rule.
Founding 977 CE Sabuktigin succeeds Alptigin and expands eastward into Indian territories.
Capital 10th–12th Ghazni becomes the rich, powerful capital of the Ghaznavid Empire.
Language ThroughoutPersian was the official language; laws based on Islamic Sharia; Qadis judged legal matters.
Religion ThroughoutSunni Islam was the state religion; non-Muslims paid jizya but could practice freely.
First Ruler 963–977 CSabuktigin becomes official ruler; consolidates territory and fights Hindu Shahis.
Key Ruler 997–1030 Mahmud of Ghazni becomes Sultan; leads 17 raids into India; builds a powerful empire.
Key Campa1001 CE Battle of Peshawar – Mahmud defeats Jayapala of the Hindu Shahi dynasty.
Key Campa1008 CE Battle of Waihind – Mahmud defeats Anandapala and strengthens control in Punjab.
Key Campa1025 CE Somnath Temple raid – Mahmud brings back enormous wealth from Gujarat.
Culture & 997–1030 Scholars like Al-Biruni and Ferdowsi are patronized; Ghazni becomes a cultural center.
Decline 1040–1186Seljuks defeat Mas’ud I at Battle of Dandanaqan; empire shrinks and weakens.
End of Emp1186 CE Muhammad Ghori defeats Khusrau Malik; Ghaznavid Empire ends.
Legacy Post-1186 Ghaznavids paved the way for the Delhi Sultanate and spread Persian-Islamic culture in India.
ndependent rule.

ed legal matters.

erful empire.

ural center.

mic culture in India.

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