Section A

[15 marks]
Answer all questions in this section.

1. A beam of protons, electrons and neutrons is passed between two electrically

charged plates.

Which of the following statements is not true?

A X has a lower mass than Z.

B Y is larger in size than Z.
C X and Z have opposite charges.
D Y is electrically neutral.

2. Tanzanite is used as a gemstone for jewellery. It is a hydrated calcium aluminium

silicate mineral with a chemical formula Ca2AlxSiyO12(OH).6½ H2O. Tanzanite has
Mr of 571.5. The chemical composition is:
14.04% calcium, 14.17% aluminium, 14.75% silicon, 54.59% oxygen and 2.45%
hydrogen.
(R.A.M.; H= 1.0, O = 16.0, Al = 27.0, Si = 28.1, Ca = 40.1)

What are the values of x and y?

x y
A 1 1
B 2 3
C 3 3
D 6 1

3. Transition of electrons between energy levels in an atom will cause an absorption or

emission of lights. Which energy level diagram shows the transition of electrons that
emits light with the longest wavelength?

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4. Wavelength of emission spectrum series of hydrogen atom can be calculated
using Rydberg’s equation,

(RH = 1.097 x 107 m-1)

What is the wavelength, in nanometer (nm), produced by the third line of Balmer
series?

A. 230 nm B. 210 nm
C. 434 nm D. 450 nm
5. Which of the following is the electronic configuration of an element X in the ion
XO43- ?
A 1s2 2s2 2p3
B 1s2 2s2 2p5
C 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3
D 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1
6. When barium metal burns in oxygen, the ionic compound barium peroxide,
BaO2, is formed. Which dot-and-cross diagram represents the electronic structure
of the peroxide anion in BaO2?

7. Methane, ammonia and water are examples of hydride compounds. Which of the
following statements regarding the three compounds is not true?

A. Only methane is a non-polar compound.

B. All the X-H bond length in the three compounds are the same.
C. All the central atoms in the three molecules have the same type of
hybridisation.
D. All the central atoms in the three molecules have the same number of
electron groups.
8. Which of the following graphs correctly shows the Boltzmann speed distribution
curves for one mole of oxygen gas and one mole of sulphur dioxide gas at the
same temperature?

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9. When a 400 cm3 flask is filled with gas A at 250 °C, the pressure produced is 130
kPa. If the temperature is then increased to 500 °C at contsnt pressure, the
volume increases to 600 cm3. Which statement explains these observations?

A Gas A is not an ideal gas

B Gas A exists as a dimer at 500°C.
C The number of gas molecules increases by 1.5 times at 500 °C.
D The number of collisions between gas molecules and the walls of the
flask doubles at 500 °C.

10. Two glass vessels M and N are connected by a close valve.

M contains helium at 20 °C at a pressure of 1.0x105 Pa. N has been evacuated,

and has three times the volume of M. In an experiment, the valve is opened and
the temperature of the whole apparatus is raised to 100 °C.
What is the final pressure in the system?

A. 3.18 x 104 Pa B. 4.24 x 104 Pa

C. 5.09 x 105 Pa D. 1.25 x 105 Pa

11. In the following reaction:

PQ2
The concentrations of PQ2 at t = 16.8 min and t = 30.5 min are 3.06 mol dm-3 and
2.44 mol dm-3 respectively. During this time interval, what is the average rate of
the reaction in mol dm-3min-1?

A. 0.045 B. 0.055
C. 0.090 D. 0.115

12. The rate of a reaction doubles on increasing the temperature from 320K to 350K.
What is the activation energy (in kJ mol-1) for the reaction?
[Gas constant, R= 8.31 J K-1 mol-1]
A. 12.3 B. 15.6
C. 21.0 D. 25.8

13. For the reaction,

2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) 2SO3 (g) Kc= 13.0 at 900K

Calculate the value of Kp at the same temperature.

[Gas constant, R = 0.0821 L atm mol-1 K-1]
A. 97.3 x 103 atm-1 B. 0.00174 atm-1
-1
C. 960 atm D. 0.176 atm-1

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14. The solubility product of magnesium carbonate is 3.00 x 10-5 mol2 dm-6. What is
the mass of magnesium carbonate precipitated when 25.00 cm3 of an aqueous
solution of 0.500 mol dm-3 magnesium nitrate is added to 25.0 cm3 of an aqueous
solution of 0.500 mol dm-3 sodium carbonate?
[Relative molecular mass MgCO3 = 84.3]

A. 1.03 g B. 0.26 g
C. 1.10 g D. 0.50 g

15. The diagram below shows the vapour pressure-composition diagram for a
solution mixture of two liquids V and Z.

Which of the following statements is true?

A The boiling point of V is higher than Z.
B The mixture shows a positive deviation from Raoult’s law.
C The mixture will boil at 100 °C and at 1 atmosphere.
D When 20 cm3 of V is added to 30 cm3 of Z, the total volume is 50 cm3.

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 Section B
[15 marks]
Answers all questions in this section.

Write the answers in the spaces provided.

16 (a) Ammnonia is a colourless gas with an unpleasant smell.

(i) Write a balanced equation for the formation of ammonia from calcium hydroxide.

[1 mark]
………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Draw the Lewis structure of the product formed from the reaction between
ammonia and aluminium chloride. [1 mark]

(iii) State the change in the orbital hybridization of aluminium in the reaction. [1 mark]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iv) The ammonia molecule NH3 and the phosphine molecule PH3 have trigonal
pyramidal shapes. Explain the difference in their bond angles. [3 marks]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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 (b) Hydrofluorous acid, HOF, is the only known molecule that contains hydrogen,
oxygen and fluorine elements. Draw the Lewis structure and predict the shape of
hydrofluorous acid, HOF. [2 marks]

17 Ozone, an allotrope of oxygen, found in the stratosphere is responsible for filtering

harmful ultraviolet radiation from reaching the Earth’s surface. 2.41 g of ozone occupies a
volume of 1.23 dm3 at 298K and 101 kPa.

(a) Define allotrope. [1 mark]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Determine the molecular formula of ozone. [3 marks]

(c) (i) Give one allotrope of carbon [1 mark]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) State two properties of carbon allotrope stated in (c)(i) [2 marks]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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 SECTION C
[30 marks]
Answer two questions only.

You may answer all the questions but, only the first two answers will be marked. Write the
answers on the answer sheets provided. Begin each answer on it new page of the answer sheet.

18. (a) Niels Bohr postulated that the energy E is released in the form of light when there is
a transition of electron between a higher energy level to a lower energy level.
(i) The Lyman and Balmer series in the atomic emission spectrum of hydrogen are
formed when there is a transition of electrons between energy levels. Draw an
energy level diagram that shows the formation of these two series.
[4 marks]

(ii) One of the lines in the Lyman series has a wavelength of 121.6 nm. Calculate the
energy of this transition in Joules.
[5 marks]
[The Planck’s constant, h, is 6.63 x 10-34 J s and the speed of light, c, is 3.00 x 108 ms-1]

(b) Hund’s rule, Pauli exclusion principle and Aufbau principle are used to determine
the ground state electronic configuration of an atom.
(i) State the rule and principles. [3 marks]
(ii) Describe how the two principles are applied to oxide ion, O2-, as an example.
[3 marks]
19. (a) (i) Ammonium nitrate is an explosive compound and it decomposes at a high
temperature according to the following equation.
2NH4NO3 (s) 4H2O (g) + 2N2 (g) + O2 (g)
Calculate the total volume of gases collected from the decomposition of 100 g of ammonium
nitrate at 1.01 x 105 Pa and 25 °C. [3 marks]
(ii) Sketch a graph of against P for 1.0 mol of ammonia gas at 0 °C. Based on the
graph sketched, explain the negative deviation of ammonia gas compared to an ideal gas.
[4 marks]

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 (b) The activation energy, Ea of a reaction can be calculated from Arrhenius equation
k= Ae-Ea/RT
where k = rate constant
R = gas constant
T = temperature
A = frequency factor
In an investigation, the rate constant for the gas-phase decomposition of dinitrogen oxide into
its elements are measured at five different temperatures. The results are shown in the table
below.
T/K k/s-1
838 1.10 x 10-3
1001 3.80 x 10-1
1030 8.71 x 10-1
1053 1.67
1125 11.6
Determine graphically the activation energy of the decomposition of dinitrogen oxide. Write
an equation for the reaction involved and state the order of this reaction. [8 marks]

20. Water gas, a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases, is an important industrial
fuel formed according to the following chemical equilibrium:
C (s) + H2O (g) CO (g) + H2 (g)
At 800 °C, the value of Kc for the reaction is 0.160 mol dm-3 and the value of H is +131.3
kJ.

(a) A 1.00 dm3 flask containing 1.00 mol of carbon and 1.00 mol of steam is left to react
at 800 °C. Calculate the concentrations of the components in the equilibrium mixture
at this temperature. [7 marks]

(b) Explain the effect of an increase in temperature on:

(i) The concentration of each component in the equilibrium, [4 marks]

(ii)The rate of attainment of the equilibrium [4 marks]

KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

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