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VENTURI TUBE and PITOT TUBE EE3A 1

The document describes the structure and functioning of a venturi tube, which includes an entrance section, a converging section, a throat, and a diverging section, facilitating fluid flow measurement through pressure differences. It outlines the advantages and disadvantages of venturi tubes, such as their suitability for various liquids and low head loss, but also notes their space and installation costs. Additionally, the document briefly introduces the pitot tube for measuring flow velocity and presents problems related to both devices for practical application.

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Chester rampas
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19 views9 pages

VENTURI TUBE and PITOT TUBE EE3A 1

The document describes the structure and functioning of a venturi tube, which includes an entrance section, a converging section, a throat, and a diverging section, facilitating fluid flow measurement through pressure differences. It outlines the advantages and disadvantages of venturi tubes, such as their suitability for various liquids and low head loss, but also notes their space and installation costs. Additionally, the document briefly introduces the pitot tube for measuring flow velocity and presents problems related to both devices for practical application.

Uploaded by

Chester rampas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VENTURI TUBE

The venturi tube has a entrance zone, converging conical inlet, a cylindrical throat, and a diverging
recovery cone. The main sections of venturimeter are indicated in Fig. 24.3.

a) Entrance Section
It is a straight cylinder having length equal to 5 to 8 times the diameter of the pipe.
b) Convergence Section:
Here, the diameter of the tube gradually decreases. When liquid flows inside the venturimeter,
the velocity of fluid increases and correspondingly the pressure falls.
c) Throat: At this section, the diameter of the venturemeter is minimum. Velocity is maximum
and pressure is minimum. Throat diameter = 1/3 to 1/4th inlet diameter.
d) Diverging section: Again the diameter of the tube gradually increases. Here due to gradual
divergence pressure is build up to the original inlet pressure.
Small size venturimeter are made of brass or, bronze and large venturimeters are made of cast iron
or stainless steel.
Working principle

In the venturimeter the fluid is accelerated through a converging cone and the pressure difference
between the upstream side of the cone and the throat is measured and provides a signal for the
rate of flow.
The fluid slows down in diverging cone with smaller angle where most of the kinetic energy is
converted back to pressure energy. High pressure and energy recovery makes the venturimeter
suitable where only small pressure heads are available.
Flow rate can be given as:

Q = flow rate
Cd = Coefficient of discharge. It is not constant and depends on pipe geometry, Reynolds number of
the flow etc.
a1 = area at the entrance of venturi
a2 = area at the venturi throat
p1 = Pressure at entrance of venture
p2 = Pressure at venture throat
Advantages
The venturi tube is suitable for clean, dirty and viscous liquid and some slurry services.
Loss of head due to installation in the pipeline is small.
Original pressure of the liquid can be recovered completely.
Accuracy is 1% of full range
Not much wear and tear.
Characteristics are well established and it is in use since years.
Can be used for large flow rates and large diameter pipes.
Disadvantages
Space requirements are more.
Expensive in installation.
Has to be designed as per requirement.
Pitot Tube
Pitot tube is used to measure flow velocity. The construction of Pitot tube is shown in Fig. 24.4.
Outer body of pilot tube consist of ports at point A, for sensing the static pressure of fluid. At point
B fluid vel. become zero and inner tube is for sensing the stagnation pressure. The outlet C & D is
connected to U-tube manometer for measuring the pressure difference between the points A and B.
PROBLEMS
A pitot static tube is used to measure the velocity of air flowing through a duct. The manometer
shows a difference in head of 5 cm of water. If the density of air and water are 1.13 kg/m3 and 1000
kg/m3 determine the velocity of air. Assume the coefficient of the pitot tube as 0.98.
A pitot-static tube placed in the centre of a 300 mm pipe has one orifice pointing upstream and the
other perpendicular to it. The mean velocity in the pipe is 0.80 of the central velocity. Find the
discharge through the pipe if the pressure difference between two orifice is 60 mm of water. Take
the coefficient of the pitot tube as Cv=0.98
Find the velocity of the flow of an oil through a pipe, when the difference of mercury level in a
differential U-tube manometer connected to the two tappings of the pitot tube is 100 mm. Take
coefficient of the tube 0.98 and sp. Gr of oil is 0.8.
The venturi meter is used to measure the speed of a fluid in a pipe. The cross-sectional areas of
points A and B are 10 cm2 and 5cm2. The height difference of the water levels in two tubes is 61.2
cm. A)What is the speed of water at point A? B) Calculate the flow speed at point B. C) What is the
pressure difference between point A and B? D) If the pressure is 15,000 Pa, what is the pressure at
point B?

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