Class - 11 Computer Science Aspire Vidyalaya

ASPIRE VIDYALAYA TUITION CENTRE

Computer Science
Class – XI
Chapter - 1

1. Computer System

1.1 Introduction to Computer System:

Computer:
A Computer is an electronic device that takes raw data as input, and after processing converts them to
meaningful output. The computer is programmed to accept data, do some processing on it and
generates result.

Data:
Raw facts are figures are referred to as data.

Computer System:
The computer system primarily comprised of a central processing unit (CPU), memory, input/output
devices and storage devices.

Components of Computer System:

The components of computer system work together as a single unit to deliver the desired output. The
various components of computer system are:
1. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
2. Input Devices
3. Output Devices

Central Processing Unit (CPU):

The CPU is also called as brain of the computer. It is the electronic circuit where actual processing of
data takes place. It is also known as processor of computer. It is responsible for all functions and
processes.
The CPU is composed of integrated circuits (ICs).
It consists of three major parts:
1. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): The ALU performs arithmetic and logic operations. Arithmetic
calculations like as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Logical operation like
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compare numbers, letters, or special characters

2. Control Unit (CU): The Control Unit controls operations like input, processing and output are
performed by control unit. It takes care of step-by-step processing of all operations inside the
computer. It acts as supervisor by controlling and guding the operations taking place in computer.
3. Registers: The registers stores data, instructions and intermediate results while processing. These
are the smallest data holding elements that is located in the CPU. A register temporary holds
frequently used data, instructions and memory address that are to be used by the CPU.

Input Device
The devices through which control signals are sent to a computer are termed as input devices. It
translates data from form that humans understand to one that the computer can work with. Example of
Input Devices are Keyboard, Mouse, Microphone, Scanner, Webcam etc.

Output Device
The device that receives data from a computer system for display, physical production, etc., is called
output device. It converts the electronically generated information into human-readable form.
Example of Ouput Devices are Monitor, LCD, Speakers, Projectors, Printers etc.

1.2 Evolution of Computer:

From the simple calculator to a modern-day powerful data processor, computing devices have evolved
in a relatively short span of time. The electronic computer has been around for over a half-century, but
its ancestor abacus has been around for 2000 years. The computer evolution can be seen from the
first wooden abacus to the latest high-speed microprocessor, the computer has changed nearly every
aspect of people’s lives for the better.

1. Abacus
The abacus is one of the earliest known computation devices. It is a tool that helps in calculating
answers of arithmetic problems. It is simply a wooden rack holding parallel wires on which beads
are strung. Calculations are done by manipulating the beads. The abacus was developed in China
about 5000 years ago. The abacus was so successful that its use spread from China to many other
countries.
2. Pascal Calculator
The first real mechanical calculator was invented by a French scientist and mathematician Blaise
Pascal, around 1645. The device was constructed by Interlocking gears representing the numbers 0
to 9. It was only able to do addition and subtraction, so it is called adding machine.
3. Analytical Engine
In 1801, Joseph Marie Jacquard perfected the idea of the automated weaving loom. Using holes
punched into a series of connected cards, Jacquard was able to control the weaving of fabrics. The
Jacquard loom not only cut back on the amount of human labor but also allowed for patterns to be
stored now on cards and to be utilized over and over again to achieve the same product.
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In 1820 Charles Babbage, a British mathematician and inventor, designed and built the
mechanical calculator and the Difference Engine on principles that anticipated the modern
electronic computer. The concept Babbage put forward was eventually used by engineers in the
development of the first computer prototype. For this reason, Charles Babbage is known as the
father of computing. Despite ten years of work, Babbage failed to build a fully operational model
of Difference or Analytical Engine.

In 1842 Lady Lovelace wrote a demonstration program and her contribution to binary arithmetic
was later used by John Von Neumann in developing the modern computer. So she is often
regarded as the “first computer programmer”.
4. Tabulating Machine
In 1890 the United States Census Bureau asked Herman Hollerith to find a way to speed up the
processing of census data. Herman Hollerith created punched cards that resemble today’s
computer cards. He also invented the Hollerith 80-column code and tabulating machine.
5. Turing Machine
(1937) The Turing machine concept was a general purpose programmable machine that was
capable of solving any problem by executing the program stored on the punched cards.
6. EDVAC/ENIAC
(Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer/Electronic Numerical Integrator And
Computer)
(1945) John Von Neumann introduced the concept of stored program computer which was
capable of storing data as well as program in the memory. The EDVAC and then the ENIAC
computers were developed based on this concept.
7. Transistor
(1947) Vacuum tubes were replaced by transistors developed at Bell Labs, using semiconductor
materials.
8. Integrated Circuit
(1970) An Integrated Circuit (IC) is a silicon chip which contains entire electronic circuit on a
very small area. The size of computer drastically reduced because of ICs.

1.3 Computer Memory:

A computer system needs memory to store the data and instructions for processing. Whenever we talk
about the ‘memory’ of a computer system, we usually talk about the main or primary memory. The
secondary memory (also called storage device) is used to store data, instructions and results
permanently for future use. There are two types of Memory.

1. Primary Memory: It is also called Main Memory. Program and data are loaded into the primary
memory before processing. It is of two types.
(i). Random Access Memory (RAM)
(ii). Read Only Memory (ROM)

RAM ROM
It stands for Random Access Memory It stands for Read Only Memory
It is temporary Memory It is permanent Memory
Data will be wiped out as the power supply Its contents are not lost even when the
is turned off. power is turned off.
2. Secondary Memory: This memory is used to store the data or instructions for future use. The
secondary memory is non-volatile and has larger storage capacity than primary memory. It is
slower and cheaper than the main memory.
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Examples of secondary devices include Hard Disk Drive (HDD), CD/DVD, Memory Card, etc.

Cache Memory:
RAM is faster than secondary storage, but not as fast as a computer processor. So, because of RAM, a
CPU may have to slow down. To speed up the operations of the CPU, a very high speed memory is
placed between the CPU and the primary memory known as cache. It stores the copies of the data
from frequently accessed primary memory locations, thus, reducing the average
time required to access data from primary memory. When the CPU needs some data, it first examines
the cache. In case the requirement is met, it is read from the cache, otherwise the primary memory is
accessed.

Units of Memory:
A Computer System uses binary numbers to store and process data. The binary digits 0 and 1, which
are the basic units of memory, are called bits. A 4-bit word is called a Nibble. Examples of nibble are
1001,1010. A two-nibble word, i.e., 8-bit word is called a byte, for example, 01000110, 01111100,
10000001, etc.

1.4 Data Transfer between Memory and CPU

Data are transferred between different components of a computer system using physical wires called
bus. Bus is of three types – (i) Data bus to transfer data between different components, (ii) Address
bus to transfer addresses between CPU and main memory. (iii) Control bus to communicate control
signals between different components of a computer. As the CPU may require to read data from main
memory or write data to main memory, a data bus is bidirectional. But the control bus and address
bus are unidirectional.

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1.5 Microprocessors:

A processor (CPU) which is implemented on a single microchip is called microprocessor.

Microprocessor is a small-sized electronic component inside a computer that carries out various tasks
involved in data processing as well as arithmetic and logical operations. Microprocessors are
classified on the basis of different features which include chip type, word size, memory size, clock
speed etc.

Microprocessor Specifications:

Microprocessors are classified on the basis of different features which include chip type, word size,
memory size, clock speed, etc. These features are briefly explained below:

(A) Word Size

Word size is the maximum number of bits that a microprocessor can process at a time. Earlier, a word
was of 8 bits, as it was the maximum limit at that time. At present, the minimum word size is 16 bits
and maximum word size is 64 bits.

(B) Memory Size

Depending upon the word size, the size of RAM varies. Initially, RAM was very small (4MB) due to
4/8 bits word size. As word size increased to 64 bits, it has become feasible to use RAM of size up to
16 Exabytes (EB).

(C) Clock Speed

Computers have an internal clock that generates pulses (signals) at regular intervals of time Clock
speed simply means the number of pulses generated per second by the clock inside a computer. The
clock speed indicates the speed at which the computer can execute instructions. Earlier, it was
measured in Hertz (Hz) and Kilohertz (kHz). But with advancement in technology and chip density, it
is now measured in Gigahertz (GHz), i.e., billions of pulses per second.

(D) Cores
Core is a basic computation unit of the CPU. Earlier processors had only one computation unit,
thereby capable of performing only one task at a time. With the advent of multicore processor, it has
become possible for the computer to execute multiple tasks, thereby increasing the system’s
performance. CPU with two, four, and eight cores is called dual-core, quad-core and octa-core
processor, respectively.

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Microcontrollers

The microcontroller is a small computing device which has a CPU, a fixed amount of RAM, ROM
and other peripherals all embedded on a single chip as compared to microprocessor that has only a
CPU on the chip. washing machine, digital camera, pendrive, remote controller, microwave are few
examples of Microcontrollers. The simple use of microcontroller has permitted repetitive execution of
tedious tasks automatically without any human intervention, thereby saving precious time.

1.6 Data and Information:

Raw fact and figures is called data. Processed data is called information. So, we can say that Data are
raw and unorganized facts that are processed to get meaningful information.

Data and Its Types:

Data can be input to a computer in the text form consisting of English alphabets A-Z, a-z, numerals 0-
9, and special symbols like @, #, etc. For example, a fee receipt is made of numeric and non-numeric
characters. Primarily, there are three types of data

(A) Structured Data: Data which is stored in pre specified tabular format and easy to understand is
called structured data. Structured data may be arranged in ascending or descending order, for example
the following table shows marks of students in Term1 and Term2

ROLL NO NAME TERM1 TERM2

1 Anshu 78 83
2 Ashish 89 90
3 Rosy 85 88

(B) Unstructured Data: Data which are not organized in a pre-defined format is called unstructured
data. Examples graphics, text documents, social media posts, satellite images, etc.

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(C) Semi-structured Data: Data which have no well-defined structure but maintains internal tags or
markings to separate data elements are called semi-structured data. Examples include email
document, HTML page, comma separated values (csv file), etc.

Data Capturing, Storage and Retrieval:

(A) Data Capturing: It involves the process of gathering data from different sources in the digital
form. This capturing may be done from keyboard, barcode readers etc.

(B) Data Storage: It is the process of storing the captured data for processing later. Data keeps on
increasing with time. In large organizations, computers with larger and faster storage called data
servers are deployed to store vast amount of data.

(C) Data Retrieval: It involves fetching data from the storage devices, for its processing as per the
user requirement. Minimizing data access time is crucial for faster data processing.

Data Deletion and Recovery:

One of the biggest threats associated with digital data is its deletion. The storage devices can
malfunction or crash down resulting in the deletion of data stored. Deleting digitally stored data
means changing the details of data at bit level.

Data recovery is a process of retrieving deleted, corrupted and lost data from secondary storage
devices.

Steps to protect our data:

1. Don't allow any stranger to work on your system.

2. Use password to protect your important/confidential document.
3. Dispose of old or damaged storage devices carefully.

1.7 Software

The software comprises a set of instructions which on execution deliver the desired outcome. It is that
component of a computer system, which we cannot touch or view physically. The software can be
broadly classified into three categories viz. (i) System software, (ii) Programming tools and (iii)
Application software.

(i) System Software: The software that provides the basic functionality to operate a computer by
interacting directly with its constituent hardware is termed as system software. Examples of system
software are operating systems, system utilities, device drivers, etc.

(A) Operating System: As the name implies, the operating system is a system software that operates
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the computer. An operating system is the most basic system software. It is an interface between the
user and hardware. Some of the popular operating systems are Windows, Linux, Macintosh, Ubuntu
etc.

Functions of Operating System:

1. It manages all the resources of a computer, i.e., its hardware including CPU, RAM, Disk, Network.
2. It act as an interface between user and computer.
3. It provide services for applications software.

(B) System Utilities: Software used for maintenance and configuration of the computer system is
called system utility. Some system utilities are with the operating system for example disk
defragmentation tool, formatting utility, system restore utility.

(C) Device Drivers: As the name signifies, the purpose of a device driver is to ensure proper
functioning of a particular device. The device driver acts as an interface between the device and the
operating system. Just like a language translator, a device driver acts as a mediator between the
operating system and the attached device.

(ii) Programming Tools: In order to get some work done by the computer, we need to give
instructions. Computer languages are developed for writing these instructions. Humans are able to
write programs in high-level language while computers understand machine language. There is a
continuous need for conversion from high level to machine level language, for which translators are
needed.

(A) Classification of Programming Languages: It is very difficult for a human being to write
instructions in the form of 1s and 0s. So different types of computer programming languages are
developed to simplify the coding. Two major categories of computer programming languages are
low-level languages and high-level languages.

Low Level Language High Level Language

Machine dependent languages Machine independent
Execution is faster Execution is slower
Do not need language translator Needs Language translator
Low-level languages include High level language include
Machine Language and Assembly C++, Java, Python, etc.
Language

(B) Language Translators: As the computer can understand only machine language, a translator is
needed to convert program written in assembly or high level language to machine language. The
program code written in assembly or high-level language is called source code. The source code is
converted by a translator into the machine understandable form called object (machine) code. The
three types of translators used in computing systems are assembler, compiler and interpreter.

Assembler: The translator used to convert the code written in assembly language to machine
language is called assembler.
Compiler: It converts the high-level language to low level language (machine language) in one go.
Interpreter: It converts the high-level language to low level language (machine language) line by
line.

(C) Program Development Tools: Whenever we decide to write a program, we need a text editor
where we type instructions and store the file as the source code. Then an appropriate translator is

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used to get the object code for execution. There is software called Integrated Development
Environment (IDE) consisting of text editor, building tools and debugger. Python IDLE, NetBeans,
Eclipse, Atom, Lazarus are few other examples of IDEs.

Application Software:

Those software which are designed to perform specific task for the end users are called application
software like Microsoft word, Microsoft excel etc. There are again two broad categories of
application software, general purpose and customized application software.

(A) General Purpose Software: The application software developed for generic applications, to
cater to a bigger audience in general are called general purpose software. Adobe Photoshop, GIMP,
Mozilla web browser, iTunes, etc.

(B) Customized Software: These are custom or tailor-made application software, that are developed
to meet the requirements of a specific organization or an individual. They are designed as per user
requirements. For example, school management software, accounting software etc.

Proprietary or Free and Open-Source Software:

Those software whose source code is available with an aim to develop and improve further with each
other's help. Such software is known as Free and Open-Source Software (FOSS). examples of FOSS
include Python, LibreOffice, Open office, Mozilla Firefox. Sometimes, software is freely available
for use but source code may not be available. Such software is called freeware. Examples of freeware
are Skype, Adobe Reader.

When the software to be used has to be purchased from the vendor who has the copyright of the
software, then it is called proprietary software. Examples of proprietary software include Microsoft
Windows, Tally, Quick heal, etc.

1.8 Operating System:

An operating system (OS) can be considered to be a resource manager which manages all the
resources of a computer, i.e., its hardware including CPU, RAM, Disk, Network.

OS User Interface:

There are different types of user interfaces each of which provides a different functionality. Some
commonly used interfaces are:

(A) Command-based Interface: Command-based interface requires a user to enter the commands to
perform different tasks like creating, opening, editing or deleting a file, etc. Examples of operating
systems with command-based interface are MS-DOS and Unix.

(B) Graphical User Interface: Graphical User Interface (GUI) lets users run programs or give
instructions to the computer in the form of icons, menus and other visual options. GUI interfaces
include Microsoft Windows, Ubuntu, Fedora and Macintosh etc.

(C) Touch-based Interface: Using the touchscreen, a user provides inputs to the operating system,
which are interpreted by the OS as commands like opening an app, closing an app, dialing a number,
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scrolling across apps, etc. Examples of popular operating systems with touch based interfaces are
Android and iOS.

(D) Voice-based Interface: Now a days user can use voice-based commands to make a computer
work in the desired way. Some operating systems which provide voice-based control to users include
iOS (Siri), Android (Google Now or “OK Google”), Microsoft Windows 10 (Cortana).

(E) Gesture-based Interface: Some smartphones based on Android and iOS as well as laptops let
users interact with the devices using gestures like waving, tilting, eye motion and shaking.

Functions of Operating System:

Now let us explore the important services and tasks that an operating system provides for managing
the computer system.

(A) Process Management: While a computer system is operational, different tasks are running
simultaneously. A program is intended to carry out various tasks. A task in execution is known as
process. We can activate a system monitor program that provides information about the processes
being executed on a computer. In some systems it can be activated using Ctrl+Alt+Delete. It is the
responsibility of operating system to manage these processes and get multiple tasks completed in
minimum time. As CPU is the main resource of computer system, its allocation among processes is
the most important service of the operating system. Hence process management concerns the
management of multiple processes, allocation of required resources, and exchange of information
among processes.

(B) Memory Management: Primary or main memory of a computer system is usually limited. The
main task of memory management is to give (allocate) and take (free) memory from running
processes. Since there are multiple processes running at a time, there arises a need to dynamically

(On-the-go) allocate and free memory to the processes. Operating system should do it without
affecting other processes that are already residing in the memory and once the process is finished, it is
again the responsibility of the operating system to take the memory space back for reutilization.
Hence, memory management concerns with management of main memory so that maximum memory
is occupied or utilized by large number of processes while keeping track of each and every location
within the memory as free or occupied.

(C) File Management: Data and programs are stored as files in the secondary storage of a computer
system. File management involves the creation, updation, deletion and protection of these files in the
secondary memory. Protection is a crucial function of an operating system, as multiple users can
access and use a computer system. There must be a mechanism in place that will stop users from
accessing files that belong to some other user and have not been shared with them. File management
system manages secondary memory, while memory management system handles the main memory of
a computer system.

(D) Device Management: A computer system has many I/O devices and hardware connected to it.
Operating system manages these heterogeneous devices that are interdependent. The operating system
interacts with the device driver and the related software for a particular device. The operating system
must also provide the options for configuring a particular device, so that it may be used by an end
user or some other device. Just like files, devices also need security measures and their access to
different devices must be restricted by the operating system to the authorized users, software and
other hardware only.
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MCQs

1. First-generation computers used ………………

(a) Vacuum tubes
(b) Transistors
(c) Integrated circuits
(d) Microprocessors
Answer: (a) Vacuum tubes

2. Name the volatile memory.

(a) ROM
(b) PROM
(c) RAM
(d) EPROM
Answer: (c) RAM

3. Identify the output device ………………

(a) Keyboard
(b) Memory
(c) Monitor
(d) Mouse
Answer: (c) Monitor

4. Identify the input device ………………

(a) Printer
(b) Mouse
(c) Plotter
(d) Projector
Answer: (b) Mouse

5. ……………… Output device is used for printing building plan, flex board, etc.
(a) Thermal printer
(b) Plotter
(c) Dot matrix
(d) inkjet printer
Answer: (b) Plotter

6. Which one of the following is used in ATM machine?

(a) Touch Screen
(b) speaker
(c) Monitor
(d) Printer
Answer: (a) Touch Screen

7. When a system restarts, which type of booting is used.

(a) Warm booting
(b) Cold booting
(c) Touch boot
(d) Real boot
Answer: (a) Warm booting

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8. Expand POST ……………….

(a) Post on self-Test
(b) Power on Software Test
(c) Power on Self-Test
(d) Power on Self Text
Answer: (c) Power on Self-Test

9. Which one of the following is the main memory?

(a) ROM
(b) RAM
(c) Flash drive
(d) Hard disk
Answer: (b) RAM

10. Which generation of computer used IC’s?

(a) First
(b) Second
(c) Third
(d) Fourth
Answer: (c) Third

Short Answer Questions:

1. What is a computer?
Computer is an Electronic Machine, capable of performing basic operations like addition,
multiplication, division etc. Computer accepts data as input, process it, produce output and stores it
for future.

2. Distinguish between data and information.

Data: Data is a collection of facts from which the information may be derived. It is an unprocessed
collection of facts in a manner suitable for communication, interpretation or processing. Example:
134, 16, Kavitha Does not give meaning.
Information: Information is a collection of facts from the conclusions can be drawn. Information
is a processed fact, active, Business based and transformed from data. Example: Kavitha is 16
years old. Conveys meaning.

3. What are the components of a CPU?

The Components of CPU are:
1. Control Unit
2. Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
3. Memory Unit.

4. What is the function of an ALU?

The ALU is a part of CPU where various computing functions are performed on data. ALU
performs arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and logical
operations.

5. Write the functions of control unit.

The control unit controls the flow of data between the CPU, memory I/O devices. It also controls
the entire operations of a computer.

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6. What is the function of memory?

Memory enables the computer to store the program.
The memory unit is of two types:
1. Primary memory
2. Secondary memory
The primary memory is used to store data temporarily and secondary memory stores the data
permanently.

7. Differentiate Input and output unit.

Input unit:
 An input device feeds information to a computer system for processing.
 Input devices only allow for input of data to a computer.
 It is a peripheral device used to provide data and control signals to an information processing
system such as computer. Example: keyboard, mouse.
Output unit:
 Output device reproduces or displays the results of that processing.
 Output devices only receive the output of data from another device.
 It is a unit which sends data from the computer to another device. Example: printer, monitor.

8. Distinguish Primary and Secondary memory.

Primary Memory:
 It is directly accessed by CPU.
 The access of memory is done by making use of addresses or data buses.
 The Primary memory is embedded with 2 types of technologies. They are RAM and ROM.
 Volatile in nature.
 Much faster than the secondary Memory.
 Costlier than secondary memory.
 It is temporary memory.
Secondary Memory:
 It is not directly accessed by CPU.
 Here the Memory access is done through the input and output channels.
 The secondary memory are stored in mass storage units like CD ROM, CD, DVD, Floppy
disk storage.
 Non – Volatile in nature.
 Slower than the Primary Memory.
 Cheaper than the Primary Memory.
 Secondary memory is permanent.

9. What are the characteristics of a computer?

The Basic characteristics of the computers are:
1. High speed
2. Stores Huge Data
3. They do millions of different tasks
4. Very versatile
5. Accurate
6. Diligence

10. Write the applications of computer.

Applications of Computer:
Banking, Insurance, Education, Marketing, Health care, Engineering design, Communication,
Government, Weather forecasting.

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11. What is an input device? Give two examples.

Input Device:
It is a peripheral device used to provide data and control signals to an information processing
system. Example: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanners, Digital cameras, Joysticks.

12. Name any three output devices.

The three output devices are
(a) Plotter
(b) Speakers
(c) Multimedia Projector.

13. Differentiate optical and Laser mouse

Optical Mouse:
It is less sensitive towards the surface Tracking power is less Old technology This uses the light
source instead of ball to judge the motion of the pointer Optical mouse has 3 buttons
Laser Mouse:
Highly sensitive Tracking power is Latest technology This uses Laser light No. of buttons will
vary from 3 to many

14. Write short note on impact printer.

1. Impact printer refers to the class of printers that work by banging a head or needle against an ink
ribbon to make a mark on the paper.
2. Impact printers are very noisy.
3. These printers can print on multi-part.
4. Example: Dot Matrix, Line printers.

15. Write the characteristics of sixth generation.

1. Natural Language Processing
2. Development of Robotics
3. Parallel and Distributed computing
4. Artificial Intelligence
5. Development of Robotics Question

16. Write the significant features of monitor.

1. A computer monitor is an output device which displays information in pictorial form.
2. Monitors can be of monochrome which displays text or images in Black and white (or) in color.
3. Different types of monitors are CRT, LCD and LED.

Long Answer Questions

1. Explain the basic components of a computer with a neat diagram.

Basic components of Computer:

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The Basic components are I/O Unit, CPU, ALU, Control Unit, Storage Unit.
Input unit: Input unit is used to feed any form of data to the computer. It can be stored in the
memory unit for further processing. Ex. Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Retinal scanner, Track ball.
Central processing unit: CPU is the major component and it controls the operation of all other
components such as memory, input and output units. The CPU has three components namely
control unit, Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) and memory unit. Arithmetic and logic unit: The
ALU is a part of the CPU where arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication,

divisions and logical operations will take place. Control unit: The control unit controls the flow of
data between the CPU, memory and I/O devices. It also f controls the entire operation of a
computer.
Output unit: An output device is a hardware component that conveys information to the user in an
understandable form. Example: Monitor, printer, plotter
Memory unit: The memory stores everything that computer works with. The memory unit is of
two types namely primary memory and secondary memory. The primary memory stores the data
and instructions temporarily. Whereas the secondary memory stores the data permanently. The
primary memory is volatile and secondary memory is non – volatile.

2. Discuss the various generations of computers.

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3. Explain the following

(a) Inkjet Printer
(b) Multimedia projector
(c) Bar code / QR code Reader

(a) Inkjet Printer:

1. Inkjet printer use color cartridges which combined magenta, yellow and cyan inks to create coole
tones.
2. A black cartridge is used for monochrome output. Inkjet printer works by spraying ionized ink at a
sheet of paper.
3. The speed of inkjet printers generally range from 1 – 20 ppm (page per minute).
4. An inkjet printer can spread millions of dots of ink at the paper every single second.
5. They use the technology of firing ink by heating it so that it explodes towards the paper in bubbles
or by using piezo electricity in which tiny electric currents are controlled by electronic circuits.

(b) Multimedia Projector:

1. Multimedia projectors are used to produce computer output on a big screen.
2. These are used to display presentations in meeting halls or in class rooms.

(c) Barcode/ QR code Reader:

1. A Bar code is a pattern printed in lines of different thickness.
2. The Bar code reader scans the information on the bar codes transmits to the computer for further
processing.
3. The system gives fast and error free entry of information into the computer. Quick response (QR)
code: The QR code is the two-dimension bar code which can be read by a camera and processed to
interpret the image.

Additional Questions and Answers

1. Natural language processing is a component of ………………

(a) ULSI
(b) AI
(c) ENIAC
(d) OCR
Answer: (b) AI

2. Computer is an ……………… device.

(a) Electrical
(b) Electronic
(c) Digital
(d) Memory
Answer: (b) Electronic

3. Main component of second generation ………………

(a) vacuum tubes
(b) microprocessor
(c) integrated circuits
(d) transistor
Answer: (d) transistor

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4. Microprocessor is the component of ……………… generation.

(a) first
(b) fourth
(c) third
(d) all the above
Answer: (b) fourth

5. Period of fourth generation ………………

(a) 1975 – 1980
(b) 1964 – 1975
(c) 1955 – 1964
(d) 1942 – 1955
Answer: (a) 1975 – 1980

6. Hardware is the ……………… component of a computer.

(a) physical
(b) electrical
(c) electronic
(d) user
Answer: (a) physical

7. Which word can be related to the inkjet printer ………………

(a) Airlines
(b) Piezo – electricity
(c) matrix
(d) plotter
Answer: (b) Piezo – electricity

8. The printing speed of Impact printers varies from ………………

(a) 40 to 1540 CPS
(b) 50 to 150 CPS
(c) 90 to 1500 CPS
(d) 30 to 1550 CPS
Answer: (d) 30 to 1550 CPS

9. Which printer using the carbon papers ………………

(a) laser printer
(b) non – impact printers
(c) Impact printer
(d) all the above
Answer: (c) Impact printer

10. The speed of inkjet printers generally ranges from ………………

(a) 1 – 20 PPM
(b) 1 – 22 PPM
(c) 10 – 20 PPM
(d) 11 – 20 PPM
Answer: (a) 1 – 20 PPM

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11. Retinal scanner uses the technique of ………………

(a) GUI
(b) UI
(c) Biometric
(d) None of these
Answer: (c) Biometric

12. Biometric technique followed by ………………

(a) printer
(b) plotter
(c) finger print scanner
(d) OCR
Answer: (c) finger print scanner

13. The components of CPU ………………

(a) control unit
(b) ALU
(c) Memory unit
(d) all the above
Answer: (d) all the above

14. The primary memory is embedded with ……………… types of technologies.

(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 5
(d) 7
Answer: (a) 2

15. Computer monitor displays the information in the form of ……………….

(a) vertical
(b) pictorial
(c) horizontal
(d) numeric
Answer: (b) pictorial

16. Processed data is ………………

(a) information
(b) primary data
(c) data
(d) message
Answer: (a) information

17. Who invented analytical engine?

(a) Charles Babbage
(b) John von Newman
(c) Blaise pascal
(d) Dennis Richard
Answer: (a) Charles Babbage

18. Assembly language was introduced in which computer generation?

(a) First
(b) Second
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Class - 11 Computer Science Aspire Vidyalaya

(c) Third
(d) Fourth
Answer: (b) Second

19. In which generation UNIVACI was used?

(a) First
(b) Second
(c) Third
(d) Fourth
Answer: (a) First

20. 1 BM 1401 belongs to which computer generation?

(a) First
(b) Second
(c) Third
(d) Fourth
Answer: (b) Second

21. IBM 1620 belongs to which computer generation of computers?

(a) I
(b) II
(c) III
(d) IV
Answer: (b) II

22. UNIVAC 1108 belongs to which generation?

(a) First
(b) Third
(c) Second
(d) Fourth
Answer: (c) Second

23. Honeywell 6000 series belongs to ……………… generation.

(a) First
(b) Second
(c) Third
(d) Fourth
Answer: (c) Third

24. Which is the first fully functional electronic computer?

(a) EBSAC
(b) ENIAC
(c) EDSAC
(d) EDIAC
Answer: (b) ENIAC

25. NLP is a component of ………………

(a) AI
(b) Hardware
(c) Circuit
(d) Electronics
Answer: (a) AI
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26. Which is a raw fact about an entity?

(a) Information
(b) Processed data
(c) data
(d) record
Answer: (c) data

27. Which input device is a pointing device?

(a) Keyboard
(b) Monitor
(c) Mouse
(d) Scanner
Answer: (c) Mouse

28. Which controls the entire operation of a computer?

(a) ALU
(b) CU
(c) BUS
(d) I/O unit
Answer: (b) CU

29. Arithmetic and logical computation are done by ………………

(a) CU
(b) ALU
(c) BUS
(d) memory
Answer: (b)

30. Which of the following stores the instructions and data?

(a) ALU
(b) CU
(c) BUS
(d) memory
Answer: (d) memory

31. Which conveys information to the user in an understandable form?

(a) Input unit
(b) CU
(c) Output unit
(d) Bus
Answer: (c) Output unit

32. Which is a volatile memory?

(a) Primary memory
(b) Secondary memory
(c) ROM
(d) EPROM
Answer: (a) Primary memory

33. CD – ROM, DVD – ROM, DVD – ROM are examples of which of the following memory.
(a) read / write
(b) volatile
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(c) primary
(d) non – volatile
Answer: (d) non – volatile

34. Hard disk. CD – ROM, DVD – ROM are examples of which of the following memory.
(a) read only
(b) primary
(c) secondary
(d) volatile
Answer: (c) secondary

35. Which one of the following is true?

(a) The no. of keys in any keyboard is always the same.
(b) All keyboard has strictly had the same layout.
(c) All keyboards are wired keyboards.
(d) All keyboards have alphabet and numeric keys.
Answer: (d) All keyboards have alphabet and numeric keys.

36. Caps lock key, Num lock key are ………………

(a) Functional keys
(b) Lock keys
(c) GUI keys
(d) Direction keys
Answer: (b) Lock keys

37. Mechanical, optical and laser are types of which input device.
(a) Keyboard
(b) Mouse
(c) Scanner
(d) Printer
Answer: (b) Mouse

38. Who invented mouse?

(a) Douglas Engelbart
(b) Blaise paseal
(c) Bill gates
(d) Eckert
Answer: (a) Douglas Engelbart

39. Which one of the following mouse type has more than 3 bottons and can be programmed?
(a) Mechanical
(b) Optical
(c) Laser
(d) 3D
Answer: (c) Laser

40. The non – impact printer using similar technology used by photo copier is ………………
printer.
(a) Inkjet
(b) dot matrix
(c) laser
(d) line matrix
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Answer: (c) laser

41. The device that reads the information directly into the computer’s memory and works like
a Xerox machine is ………………
(a) plotter
(b) scanner
(c) touch screen
(d) track ball
Answer: (b) scanner

42. The input device used to display computer output on big screen is ………………
(a) line matrix printer
(b) dot matrix printer
(c) multimedia projector
(d) monitor
Answer: (c) multimedia projector

43. The output device similar to upside-down design of a mouse ………………

(a) laser mouse
(b) optical mouse
(c) mechanical mouse
(d) track ball
Answer: (d) track ball

44. Which is false?

(a) Light pen is very easy to use and very accurate input device
(b) Mouse and light pen are pointing devices.
(c) Monochrome monitors do not display multiple colors.
(d) Retinal scanner and finger print scanner are used for security.
Answer: (a) Light pen is very easy to use and very accurate input device

45. Which of the following uses biometrics and unique pattern of retinal blood vessels?
(a) Retinal track
(b) Finger print scanner
(c) Optical scanner
(d) Retinal scanner
Answer: (d) Retinal scanner

46. Which input device is a pointing device?

(a) Keyboard
(b) Monitor
(c) light pen
(d) Scanner
Answer: (c) light pen

47. The input device that detects characters printed or written on paper is ………………
(a) Voice input system
(b) Track ball
(c) Optical character reader
(d) 3D mouse
Answer: (c) Optical character reader

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48. ……………… converts spoken words to machine-readable form.

(a) Voice input system
(b) Speaker
(c) Optical character reader
(d) Scanner
Answer: (a) Voice input system

49. CCD stands for ………………

(a) Code Converting Device
(b) Code Change Device
(c) Change Code Device
(d) Charge Coupled Device
Answer: (d) Charge Coupled Device

50. The input device in which 4 to 50 keys are arranged in the cluster.
(a) Keyboard
(b) Mouse keys
(c) Keyer
(d) Scanner
Answer: (c) Keyer

51. ……………… are picture elements.

(a) Picture Point
(b) Monitor
(c) Routers
(d) Pixels
Answer: (d) Pixels

52. Match the following

(a) (4) (3) (1) (2)
(b) (1) (2) (3) (4)
(c) (2) (3) (1) (2)
(d) (1) (2) (4) (3)
Answer: (a) (4) (3) (1) (2)

53. The ……………… printer use the same technology used by photo copier.
(a) Inkjet
(b) dot matrix
(c) line
(d) laser
Answer: (d) laser

54. Which is the first step when you on the computer?

(a) Default application is executed
(b) BIOS starts
(c) Printer drivers are loaded
(d) Checks FAT
Answer: (b) BIOS starts

55. Printer are of types.

(a) 2
(b) 3
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(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer: (a) 2

56. The two types of booting are ………………

(a) soft and hard
(b) warm and cold
(c) heavy and light
(d) standard and default
Answer: (b) warm and cold

57. Who is considered to be the father of computers?

(a) Charles Babbage
(b) John Von Nuemann
(c) John Napier
(d) Dennis Ritchie
Answer: (a) Charles Babbage

58. Analytify engine was developed in the year.

(a) 1827
(b) 1837
(c) 1847
(d) 1857
Answer: (b) 1837

59. Who invented ENIAC?

(a) J. Presper Eckert
(b) J. Napier
(c) J. Van Nueman
(d) J. Mauchaley
Answer: (a) J. Presper Eckert

60. Identify the computer which belongs to third generation?

(a) EDVAC
(b) ENIAC
(c) IBM 1620
(d) IBM 360
Answer: (d) IBM 360

61. Which is used as a component of second-generation computers?

(a) Vacuum Tubes
(b) Transistor
(c) IC
(d) VLSI
Answer: (b) Transistor

62. Expand BIOS?

(a) Basic Input Output System
(b) Biased Input Output System
(c) Battery Input Output System
(d) Booting Input Output System
Answer: (a) Basic Input Output System
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63. Expand CPS.

(a) Correction Per Second
(b) Characters Per Second
(c) Calculations Per Second
(d) Cording Per Second
Answer: (b) Characters Per Second

64. Expand ENIAC.

(a) Electronic Number Integrated Algebra Calculation
(b) Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator
(c) Electronic Null Interpreter and Compiler
(d) Electronic Null Interpreter and Compiler
Answer: (b) Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator

65. Which is the first known calculating device?

(a) Slide rule
(b) Rotating wheel calculator
(c) Abacus
(d) Daisywheel
Answer: (c) Abacus

66. Which component is used in second generation computers?

(a) Vacuum tubes
(b) Transistor
(c) IC
(d) VLT
Answer: (b) Transistor

67. Artificial Intelligence was introduced in which generation of computers?

(a) V
(b) II
(c) III
(d) IV
Answer: (a) V

68. Match the following.

(a) (4) (3) (2) (1)

(b) (1) (2) (3) (4)
(c) (2) (3) (1) (2)
(d) (1) (2) (4) (3)
Answer: (a) (4) (3) (2) (1)

69. In which generation of computers, NLP was developed?

(a) First
(b) Second
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(c) Fifth
(d) Sixth
Answer: (d) Sixth

70. Identify which is true?

(a) Portable computers were introduced in fourth generation.
(b) ULSI was used in the fifth generation.
(c) High level languages were used in HI generation.
(d) All the above statements are true.
Answer: (d) All the above statements are true.

71. Expand NLP?

(a) Natural Language Processing
(b) Neutral Language Processing
(c) New Laptop Processor
(d) New Language Processor
Answer: (a) Natural Language Processing

72. OCR stands for ………………

(a) Optimal Compiler Recorder
(b) Optimal Character Recorder
(c) Optimum Charge Recorder
(d) Optimal Character Resolution
Answer: (b) Optimal Character Recorder

73. Which is the meaning for the term computer?

(a) To estimate
(b) To calculate
(c) To connect
(d) To think
Answer: (b) To calculate

74. Which is not a hardware component?

(a) Information
(b) Monitor
(c) Motherboard
(d) Keyboard
Answer: (a) Information

75. What is the expansion of IPO?

(a) Input Process Output
(b) Internal Process Outsourcing
(c) Integrated program Output
(d) Integral project Output
Answer: (a) Input Process Output

76. Identify the statement which is wrong?

(a) ALU performs addition, subtraction
(b) ALU controls flow of data between the CPU, memory and I/O devices
(c) Control unit controls the entire operation of computer
(d) The logical operation of ALU promotes the decision making
Answer: (b) ALU controls flow of data between the CPU, memory and I/O devices
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77. How many major classifications of memory are there?

(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer: (a) 2

78. Which of the following input device scan the book?

(a) OMR
(b) OCR
(c) ECR
(d) OVR
Answer: (b) OCR

79. Which of the following is the two dimensional bar code?

(a) QR
(b) OCR
(c) OMR
(d) MICR
Answer: (a) QR

80. Match the following.

(a) (4) (3) (1) (2)

(b) (1) (2) (3) (4)
(c) (1) (2) (4) (3)
(d) (4) (3) (2) (1)
Answer: (a) (4) (3) (1) (2)

81. Which of the following input devices are classified as tactile, ergonomic, gaming?
(a) Keyboard
(b) Printer
(c) Monitor
(d) Mouse
Answer: (d) Mouse

82. The main advantage of using the light pen is ……………….

(a) easy to use
(b) accurate
(c) easy to detect the characters
(d) drawing directly onto the screen
Answer: (d) drawing directly onto the screen

83. When was the first computer monitor released?

(a) March 1, 1973
(b) March 1, 1972
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(c) March 1, 1974

(d) March 1, 1970
Answer: (a) March 1, 1973
84. The individual keys for letters, numbers and special characters are collectively called
………………. keys.
(a) character
(b) functional
(c) lock
(d) special
Answer: (a) character

85. Which of the following device converts photographs into digital format?
(a) Digital camera
(b) Mouse
(c) Scanner
(d) Light pen
Answer: (c) Scanner

86. Wired, wireless and virtual are the categories of ……………….

(a) mouse
(b) keyboard
(c) printer
(d) monitor
Answer: (b) keyboard

87. Line printers can print how many lines per minute?
(a) 1500
(b) 1520
(c) 1000
(d) 1020
Answer: (c) 1000

88. Which one of the following is the main characteristics of laser printer?
(a) Speed
(b) Resolution
(c) Reliability
(d) Durability
Answer: (b) Resolution

89. Each dot in dot matrix printers produced by a tiny metal rod is called ……………….
(a) binary
(b) pixel
(c) resolution
(d) wire or pin
Answer: (d) wire or pin

90. Expand DPI ……………….

(a) Dots Per Inch
(b) Dark Pen Ink
(c) Dark Page Ink
(d) Double Part ink
Answer: (a) Dots Per Inch
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Very Short Answers Questions

1. Expand ANN, OCR

ANN – Artificial Neural networks.
OCR – Optical Character Recognition.

2. Name the different types of mouse available.

Mechanical mouse, Optical mouse, Laser mouse, Air mouse, 3D mouse, Tactile mouse, Ergonomic
mouse and gaming mouse.

3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of light pen?

1. Advantage: Drawing directly on to the screen.
2. Disadvantage: Hard to use and not accurate.

4. What is CCD?
CCD is charge coupled device. Digital camera uses CCD electric chip. When light falls on the chip
through the lens, it converts light rays into digital format.

5. Name some mouse actions.

Move, click, double click, right click, drag and drop are some of the mouse actions.

6. Name the different types of keys available in the keyboard.

Character keys, modifier keys, system and GUI keys, enter and editing keys, function keys,
navigation keys, numeric keypad and lock keys.

7. What is NLP?
NLP stands for Natural Language Processing which is a component of Artificial Intelligence (AI). It
provides the ability to develop the computer program to understand human language.

8. Name the different types of monitors available.

CRT (Cathode Ray Tube), LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), LED (Light Emitting Diode).

Short Answers Questions

1. Differentiate warm booting and cold booting?

Cold Booting: When the system starts from initial state i.e. it is switched on, we call it cold booting
or Hard Booting. When the user presses the Power button, the instructions are read from the ROM
to initiate the booting process.
Warm Booting: When the system restarts or when Reset button is pressed, we call it Warm Booting
or Soft Booting. The system does not start from initial state and so all diagnostic tests need not be
carried out in this case. There are chances of data loss and system damage as the data might not have
been stored properly.

2. Define non – impact printer.

These printers do not use striking mechanism for printing. They use electrostatic or laser
technology. Quality and speed of these printers are better than Impact printers. For example, Laser
printers and Inkjet printers are non – impact printers.

3. Define Keyer?
A Keyer is a device for signaling by hand, by way of pressing one or more switches. Modem keyers
have a large number of switches but not as many as a full-size keyboard. Typically, this number is
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between 4 and 50. A keyer differs from a keyboard, which has “no board”, but the keys are arranged
in a cluster.

4. Write notes on Analytical Engine.

1. Analytical engine was developed by Charles Babbage in 1837.
2. It has (a) Arithmetic Logic Unit (b) Basic Flow Control (c) Integrated memory.
3. The concept of Analytical engine led to the development of modem computers.

5. List out the input and output devices of a computer?

Input Devices:
1. Keyboard
2. Mouse
3. Scanner
4. Fingerprint Scanner
5. Track Ball
6. Retinal Scanner
7. Light Pen
8. Optical Character Reader
9. Bar Code / QR Code Reader
10. Voice Input Systems
11. Digital Camera
12. Touch Screen
13. Keyer Output
Devices:
1. Monitor
2. Plotter
3. Printers

6. Explain the mechanism of laser mouse?

1. Measures the motion and acceleration of pointer.
2. Laser Mouse uses Laser Light
3. Laser Mouse is highly sensitive and able to work on any hard surface.

7. Explain fingerprint scanner and retinal scanner?

Fingerprint Scanner:
Finger print Scanner is a fingerprint recognition device used for computer security, equipped with
the fingerprint recognition feature that uses biometric technology. Fingerprint Reader / Scanner is a
very safe and convenient device for security instead of using passwords, which is vulnerable to fraud
and is hard to remember.
Retinal Scanner:
This performs a retinal scan which is a biometric technique that uses unique patterns on a person’s
retinal blood vessels.

8. Define touch screen?

Touch Screen:
A touch screen is a display device that allows the user to interact with a computer by using the
finger. It can be quite useful as an alternative to a mouse or keyboard for navigating a Graphical User
Interface (GUI). Touch screens are used on a wide variety of devices such as computers, laptops,
monitors, smart phones, tablets, cash registers and information kiosks. Some touch screens use a grid
of infrared beams to sense the presence of a finger instead of utilizing touch-sensitive input.

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Long Answer Questions

1. What is mouse? And explain its types?

Mouse:
Mouse (wired/wireless) is a pointing device used to control the movement of the cursor on the
display screen.

2. Explain input devices of a computer?

Input Devices:

Keyboard:
Keyboard (wired / wireless, virtual) is the most common input device used today. The individual
keys for letters, numbers and special characters are collectively known as character keys. This
keyboard layout is derived from the keyboard of original typewriter.

Mouse:
Mouse (wired/wireless) is a pointing device used to control the movement of the cursor on the
display screen.
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Types of Mouses:
1. Mechanical Mouse
2. Optical Mouse.
3. Laser Mouse

Scanner:
Scanners are used to enter the information directly into the computer’s memory. This device works
like a Xerox machine. The scanner converts any type of printed or written information including
photographs into a digital format, which can be manipulated by the computer.

Track Ball: Track ball is similar to the upside – down design of the mouse. The user moves the ball
directly, while the device itself remains stationary. The user spins the ball in various directions to
navigate the screen movements.

Retinal Scanner: This performs a retinal scan which is a biometric technique that uses unique
patterns on a person’s retinal blood vessels.

Light Pen: A light pen is a pointing device shaped like a pen and is connected to a monitor. The tip
of the light pen contains a light-sensitive element which detects the light from the screen enabling the
computer to identify the location of the pen on the screen. Light pens have the advantage of
‘drawing’ directly onto the screen, but this becomes hard to use, and is also not accurate.

Optical Character Reader: It is a device which detects characters printed or written on a paper with
OCR, a user can scan a page from a book. The computer will recognize the characters in the page as
letters and punctuation marks and stores. The Scanned document can be edited using a word
processor.

Bar Code / QR Code Reader: A Bar code is a pattern printed in lines of different thickness. The
Bar code reader scans the information on the bar codes transmits to the computer for further
processing. The system gives fast and error free entry of information into the computer.

QR (Quick response) Code: The QR code is the two dimension bar code which can be read by a
camera and processed to interpret the image.

Voice Input Systems: Microphone serves as a voice Input device. It captures the voice data and
send it to the computer. Using the microphone along with speech recognition software can offer a
completely new approach to input information into the computer.

Digital Camera: It captures images / videos directly in the digital form. It uses a CCD (Charge
Coupled Device) electronic chip. When light falls on the chip through the lens, it converts light rays
into digital format.

Touch Screen: A touch screen is a display device that allows the user to interact with a computer by
using the finger. It can be quite useful as an alternative to a mouse or keyboard for navigating a
Graphical User Interface (GUI). Touch screens are used on a wide variety of devices such as
computers, laptops, monitors, smart phones, tablets, cash registers and information kiosks. Some
touch screens use a grid of infrared beams to sense the presence of a finger instead of utilizing touch
– sensitive input.

Keyer: A Keyer is a device for signaling by hand, by way of pressing one or more switches. Modem
keyers have a large number of switches but not as many as a full size keyboard. Typically, this
number is between 4 and 50.
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