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Mozart
By Vickie Chao

Haydn, a famous composer, once said to a man, "Your son is the greatest
composer known to me in person or by name; he has taste, and what is more, the
greatest knowledge of composition." The young man that Haydn described was
Mozart.

Mozart was born in an independent church-state named Salzburg (now part of

Austria). His father, Leopold, was an accomplished musician. He once wrote a
manual on how to play the violin. The book received great reviews and brought
him fame. Mozart's mother, Anna Maria Pertl, came from a middle class family.
She married Leopold in 1747 and bore him seven children. Only two survived
infancy. The first was Maria Anna, nicknamed Nannerl, who was born on July 30,
1751. The second was, of course, Mozart who was born on January 27, 1756.

At the time of his birth, Mozart was baptized and given a very long name --
Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart. But no one called him
by that name. Instead, most people called him either Mozart or Wolfgang
Amadeus Mozart. Some replaced the word Amadeus with Gottlieb, while others replaced it with Amade.
Very early on, Mozart had shown promising signs of his musical talent. At the tender age of three, he was
already sitting in front of the harpsichord, plucking strings. At four, he started to play short pieces. Then at five,
he learned to compose. Throughout the entire time, Mozart was like a little sponge absorbing all sorts of
knowledge related to music. His genius thrilled Leopold, who decided to pack the bags and take the entire family
on a tour around Europe. Their first stop was Munich, where Mozart and Nannerl, also highly gifted, played at the
Court of the Elector of Bavaria. A few months later, they performed at the Imperial Court in Vienna. Following
their great successes in both cities, they went on to exhibit their talents at other courts in Europe. For the next
three and half years, they traveled extensively and visited many places. Mainz, Frankfurt, Brussels, Paris,
London, The Hague, and Amsterdam were just among a handful of sites that they passed through during their first
grand tour. By the time they finally arrived back in Salzburg in November 1766, Mozart's aptitude was already
widely known. He not only played other people's music flawlessly, but also improvised and created his own.

After camping at the home base for about nine months, Leopold was ready to take Mozart on a tour again.
They left Salzburg in September 1767 and headed to Vienna where they stayed for fifteen months. When they
were there, Mozart wrote his first opera La Finta Semplice (The Simple Pretence or The Pretended Simpleton).
He was only twelve years old at the time. As this new opera was set for rehearsals, problems began to rise.
Jealous of the young boy's talent, many musicians in Vienna weighed in and tried to sabotage the play. Leopold
was very frustrated. He tried to fight back, but to no avail. Eventually, he gave up and took Mozart back to
Salzburg. The following year, in May 1769, the Archbishop of Salzburg arranged a premier for La Finta Semplice.
He also appointed Mozart an honorary Konzertmeister (Concert Master) at his court. Later that year, Leopold
took Mozart on the road yet again. This time, they headed to Italy.

Just like all his previous trips, Mozart's visit in Italy was a huge success. Everywhere he went, his intellect
amazed people. He befriended many famous musicians of his time and wrote a new opera (Mithridates, King of
Pontus) for performance in Milan. For the next several years, he and Leopold stopped by many cities. They
returned to Salzburg every now and then. Mozart, a teenager then, worked very hard. Every performance he
gave and every new piece of music he composed meant income to the family.

From 1774 to mid-1777, Mozart took a break from his busy traveling schedule. He spent most of his time in
Salzburg, working as a salaried Konzertmeister for the new Archbishop of Salzburg, Colloredo. This new patron
disliked lavish music and imposed strict rules on composition. Mozart found the rules ridiculous, but he could not
defy them. In the end, he asked Colloredo to grant him a leave of absence, and he got it. With the approval in
hand, he left with his mother and tried to find a position elsewhere. They first went to Munich, but the Elector of
Bavaria did not offer Mozart a job. They then moved on to Augsburg where they stayed with their relatives for a
while. After that brief visit, the mother-and-son team arrived at Mannheim. They had high hopes as the Elector in
Mannheim was known for his passion in music. To their disappointment, there was no open position. As
frustrated as Mozart might have felt at the time, he did have something to look forward to -- he fell in love with

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Aloysia Weber, a beautiful soprano. When the news of the romance reached Leopold back in Salzburg, he was
very upset. He sent a stern letter ordering Mozart to go to Paris with his mother. He complied. They reached Paris
in late March 1778, and Mozart found work shortly afterwards. Just as things began to look up, a family tragedy
struck. Mozart's mother fell ill and died in Paris on July 3, 1778. The loss saddened Mozart gravely. As he
continued his correspondence with his father, he expressed his wish to stay in Paris. Leopold refused because he
had already secured a better post for him back home. Reluctantly, Mozart packed his bags and returned to
Salzburg. En route, he stopped by Mannheim to see Aloysia Weber who received him coolly.

Now with his mother dead and his romance stranded, Mozart was truly miserable. The only thing he could
hold on to was his talent and passion for music. In the summer of 1780, he received a commission to compose an
Italian opera for the court at Munich. He took it and wrote Idomeneo, re di Creta, which premiered on January 29,
1781. The opera was a hit, and Mozart was elated! This happiness, however, did not last long. Two months later,
he was summoned to accompany his employer, the Archbishop of Salzburg, for an official visit in Vienna. He
went and got into a big fight with his boss. Out of anger, he resigned on the spot and remained in Vienna. The
following year, he married Aloysia Weber's younger sister, Constanze Weber. Leopold did not approve of the
match, so the relationship between the father and the son reached an all-time low. Mozart and Constanze Weber
had six children together, but only two lived to adulthood.

Throughout Mozart's married life, money was always an issue. Sure, many of his masterpieces -- such as
Symphony No. 25 in G Minor, Horn Concerto No. 3 in E-flat, The Marriage of Figaro, Don Giovanni, and The
Magic Flute -- brought him sizable income, but the couple liked to live beyond their means. As a result, they
often found themselves short of cash.

Mozart fell ill in late 1791 during one of his many visits to Prague. The ailment turned out to be fatal. Mozart
died on December 5, 1791. "Severe miliary fever" was the diagnosed cause of death. As this description offered
little explanation, Mozart's actual cause of death has since become an open debate. Some people even hinted foul
play, claiming that Salieri, Mozart's colleague, poisoned him out of jealousy. Mozart was buried in a communal
grave in Vienna, normal at the time for a person of his standing. A small group of friends attended the funeral.

At the time of his death, Mozart was only 35 years old, but he had accomplished so much. Even after several
centuries, the popularity of his music has never lessened. People around the world continue to hail him as a genius
and an icon in classical music. His works of art will live on forever!

Mozart

Questions
1. Where was Mozart born?
A. Paris
B. Augsburg
C. Salzburg
D. Vienna

2. Which of the following about Mozart is correct?

A. He began composing at the age of three.
B. He married twice in his life, first Aloysia Weber and second with Constanze Weber.
C. His first public performance was in Munich.
D. He was Leopold's eldest child.

3. Which of the following events took place last?

A. Mozart wrote the opera "La Finta Semplice."
B. Mozart fell in love with Aloysia Weber.
C. Mozart went to Italy for the first time.
D. Mozart composed the opera "Idomeneo, re di Creta."

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4. Who once said to Leopold, "Your son is the greatest composer known to me in person or by name; he
has taste, and what is more, the greatest knowledge of composition."
A. Haydn
B. Salieri
C. J.C. Bach
D. Beethoven

5. Which of the following musical pieces did Mozart NOT compose?

A. The Four Seasons
B. The Pretended Simpleton
C. The Magic Flute
D. The Marriage of Figaro

6. Which of the following cities did Mozart NOT visit during his first grand tour around Europe?
A. Paris
B. Milan
C. The Hague
D. London
7. How old was Mozart when he learned to compose?
A. four
B. five
C. six
D. three

8. What was Mozart's official cause of death?

A. brain tumor
B. miliary fever
C. mercury poisoning
D. lung cancer

3 + 27 ÷ 3 - 15 ÷ 5 = 6b - 9.9 = 8.1
19.5752 x 102 =
b=

t - 17 + 5 = 10 If a = 3 and b = What is the

What is the value of t? 8, then remainder of 67
5a + b = divided by 9?

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In what ąuadrant
Simpli would you find the
D, , F, L, H, O, J, fy.
19,000
point (-12, -10)?
22,8
R, L, U =
00

The unknown value x is (11 + 6 + 10) =

What is the area a
multiple of 6, is
of a rectangle with greater than 171, and
it is divisible by
a length
17. What can be the
width that is 1 lowest possible value
2 of x?
lengt
h?

t - 9 + t = 39 y=x+
What is the value of t? Simpli 16 y =
fy.
10 22
1 What is the value of x?
=2

Each side of a regular

31 ÷ 3 pentagon is 63.7
50
110, , 130, 150, 150, centimeters. What is
the perimeter?
160, 170

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The front and back panels of Wendy was writing a research
Robert's birdhouse are in the shape paper on the reasons for the
of a rectangle topped with a widespread popularity and
triangle. The rectangle is 5 inches phenomenal growth of the Internet.
wide and 9 inches long. The triangle She found that one reason for
has a base of 5 inches and a height growth was the rapid increase of
of 3 inches. What is the area of the material in print. In fact, one article
front panel? said that the volume of material in
print doubled every seven years. At
that rate, if there were 9,055,855
pages in print in 1850, how many
pages would have been in print in
1878?

Which two of these numbers have a product

of 0.552?

5. 0.5 0.8 8.
2 5 5 5
0.08 5. 0.05 0.05
5 5 2 5

Is the least common What is the greatest What is the greatest

multiple of 10 and 5 common factor of 8 common factor of 15
smaller, eąual to, or and 2? and 27?
greater than the
greatest common
factor of 10 and 5?

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Write each as a
decimal.

7 thousandths as a decimal is

55.5% as a decimal is

87% as a decimal is

5
9
1 as a
0

Figure out the greatest common factor of the

following numbers:

8 5
1 7
9
0

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Do Stars Really Fall?
By Cindy Grigg

Have you ever seen a falling star? Some people call them shooting
stars. They're not really stars at all! It might surprise you to find out
that these streaks of light are caused by dust and rock. Dust and rock in
space sometimes are pulled into Earth's atmosphere. As they fall,
friction from falling through the air gets them very hot. They get so
hot they catch on fire! In space, they are called meteoroids. As the
meteoroid falls, it usually burns up in the atmosphere. The streak of
light we see is called a meteor, falling star, or shooting star. If part of
the meteoroid doesn't burn up, the leftover rock that lands on Earth is
called a meteorite. Where does the dust and rock come from? Most of
it comes from comets. As comets travel around the sun, they leave
behind a trail of gas, dust, and small bits of rock. When Earth passes
through the dusty trail, we see falling stars!

Do Stars Really Fall?

Questions
1. What is a meteor?
A. the streak of light we see in the night sky
B. the leftover rock that lands on Earth
C. chunks of rock and dust in space
D. all of the above

2. Where do most meteors come from?

3. Shooting stars or falling stars are .

A. make believe
B. fireworks
C. stars that fall from the sky
D. dust and bits of rock

4. Why do we see a streak of light from a meteor?

A. the dust or rock is burning up as it passes through Earth's atmosphere
B. the dust or rock explodes in Earth's air
C. it's glowing like a comet because it came from a comet
D. all of the above

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Robert helped his father paint the Mr. Hall told his class they could
kitchen. They used masking tape to have pizza, hot dogs, or hamburgers
keep the paint from getting on the to celebrate Admit You're Happy
windows. There were 6 windows in Month. 23% of the class voted for
the kitchen and each window had pizza, 21% voted for hot dogs, and
two panes. If each pane was 29 the rest voted for hamburgers. If
inches wide and 21 inches high and there are 20 students in the class,
Robert tape the full length and how many voted for hamburgers?
width of each pane, how much
masking tape did he use?

Show the steps to solve 9(57 + 7 - 15) x 11 - 77 ÷ 7 + 905.

Step 1. Parentheses
Step 2. Exponents
Step 3. Multiplication & Division (or Division &
Multiplication!) Step 5. Addition & Subtraction (or
Subtraction & Division!)

The (make-believe) country of Slowmonia, after 17 years of research,

launched a rocket into space to land on Pluto. It is slow! It travels 3.858
kilometers in a month. How far will it

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Complete each pattern, using the same rule. Write what the rule is.

7, 15, 19, 38, 53, 86, 91, , , , ,

5, 8, 13, 26, 31, 62, , , , ,

3, , , , , 55

Complete each pattern. Write what

the rule is.

75. 69. 63
6 3
56. 50.
7 5
37. 31.5
8
18.9 6.3

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Of the 78 students at Donya's Dance Studio, 15 are girls from 6 to 8

years old, and 5 are girls under age 6. What is the ratio of girls under
age 9 to the total number of students? Write the ratio as a fraction in
lowest terms.

The height of one of the triangular sides of the Great Pyramid is

approximately 581 ft. Its base is 756 ft long. What is the area of one of
the sides?

On National Do Nothing Day, Mr. and Mrs. Allen played Monopoly all day.
Mr. Allen won three of the first four games they played. At that rate, how
many games will have been played when Mr. Allen wins his sixth game?

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Petroleum
By Meg Leonard

Crude oil is another name for petroleum. Petroleum means "rock

oil." It is naturally made from the remains of sea plants and animals.
These plants and animals lived at the time of the dinosaurs. When the
plants and animals died, they sank to the bottom of the sea. Mud
covered them. Heat and pressure from the mud caused the decaying
plants and animals to turn into crude oil after millions of years. This is
the oil that comes straight out of the ground. It is smelly. It is yellow to
black in color. It is found in underground reservoirs. Workers drill into
the ground to bring the crude oil to the surface. The crude oil is taken
to a refinery where it is separated into parts. Different parts are used
for different products. Most parts are used to make electricity. Other
parts are used to make things like tar, crayons, or bubble gum. Oil is a
non-renewable resource. Drilling for oil can harm animal life. Oil spills
in the ocean can cause big problems. When petroleum products are burned, they make air pollution. Scientists are
working to find ways to make petroleum products safer for the environment.

Petroleum

Questions
1. Which of the following is another name for crude oil?
A. gas
B. coal
C. heat
D. petroleum

2. How long does it take to make petroleum?

A. 150 years
B. 15 years
C. 15,000 years
D. millions of years

3. Petroleum forms from the remains of .

A. desert animals
B. animals and plants
C. mountain animals
D. river animals

4. What is the name for petroleum when it comes out of the ground?
A. new oil
B. mentholateum
C. crude oil
D. fresh oil

5. According to the article, which of the following is NOT made from oil?
A. crayons
B. bubble gum
C. trees

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6. How does petroleum form?

Use each of the blocks to spell nine

words. Hint: The word beating is a
word in the blocks.
A P N G T I L U N I B E B

R I E M A E X A R L
A C A R
EI
L A Q A V E A Y F L T I
N G B N O Y B Y

L K
A D T I

1.
2. T I 3. L
5. NY 5. A R
6. U A E
7. L A CK 8.
9. A D T I

Circle all of the words.

compatibleobsidianaąuamarinepleasant
adapting
adaptingadmitaviatoraąuamarineparsle

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Write the measurement for each angle.

C
B
F

A L G
ALD = 49 CLA = DLB =

DLG = ELC = GLC =

A L E
ELD = DLA = ELC =

BLE = BLD = DLC =

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Are You a Gorilla?
By Erin Horner

Do you have two arms and two legs? Then you might be a gorilla. Do you have
four fingers and a thumb on each hand, and fingernails rather than claws? Then you
might be a gorilla. Do you like to wrestle and have fun? Then you might be a gorilla.
Do you make silly faces to show how you are feeling? Then you might be a gorilla.
Do you walk around on your knuckles and eat 40 pounds of leaves each day? You
don't? Then I guess you are not a gorilla!

Gorillas are very large primates. They live in Africa. They are similar to humans
in many ways. But they are also very different. Like humans, gorillas have two arms
and two legs. A gorilla's arms, however, are much longer than their legs. The average
gorilla is six inches shorter than an adult man. But his arms are more than a foot
longer than an adult man's!

Gorillas also stand up like humans. But unlike us, they don't walk standing up.
They bend over and use their arms and legs. Gorillas "knuckle walk." They walk
using the back of their fingers or their knuckles. A gorilla's bone structure is also a
lot like ours.

Gorillas and people are a lot alike. In fact, gorilla means "hairy person." But thankfully, gorillas and people
have a lot of differences as well. I've never met a child who is covered with thick, black fur!

Are You a Gorilla?

Questions
1. Name two ways that gorillas and humans are similar.

2. What is this article mainly about?

A. The similarities and differences between humans and gorillas
B. A gorilla's habitat
C. How to identify gorillas
D. A gorilla's diet

3. In this passage the word rather means .

A. Instead
B. More than
C. In addition to
D. sometimes

4. How is this passage organized?

A. It makes a statement and then gives reason why it is true.
B. It tells how things are alike and different.
C. It gives the steps in a process.
D. It states a cause and then gives effects.

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Mr. Lee teaches English at Union The world's largest pizza was made
High School. This week his students in South
are writing limericks to share on 5
Africa. Its area was 11837 3
Limerick Day. He teaches 6 classes 3
of 31 students each. A third of his the pizza were cut into
5
students are freshmen. How many pieces, how many pieces could be
are not freshmen? cut from
the pizza?

Write as a fraction in simplest form.

3 1 1
5 + 10 + 6 =

2 1 7
3 + 6 + 12 =

2 1 1
3 + 2 + 15 =

Give two answers for x in each

eąuation.

|x+2|=
12

| -6 - x |

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Fill in each box of the edHelperKu puzzle, using the numbers
from 1 to 5. Every row must contain the numbers 1, 2, 3, 5,
and 5.
Every column must contain the numbers 1, 2, 3, 5, and 5.
In a cage with a plus sign, the given number will be the sum of all the digits in the
cage.

13+ 10+ 3

7+
2

9+ 7+ 5

17+ 3

1
3 5

Fill in the blanks. These eąuations are from the

puzzle above. 3 + = 7 + +
3= 9

+ 2 = 7 + 1 + + + = 10

+ 5 + + = 13 + + 5 + + = 17

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279 x 66 =
556 256
x 8 - 15

Divide and write

2,8 5 3 636
7,2 3 2 6 remainder. 23 ÷ 5 =
+ 3,0 0 5 639
+ 8 1

Find the sum of 52, 35, Find the product of 11

and 153. and 630.
2 515
8

Divide and write

remainder.

7 0 5,7 7 8 780 5,8 8 6

- 2 9 8,6 3 5 + 26 - 3,6 0 7

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6 2 3 0 8 2 0 5 3 8 0 5 2 7 9 1 6
5 5 0 8
Use the pieces above to help you fill in the runaway
math puzzle.
÷ =
+

= +
+ + =
÷ =
x
+ =
= -

101 + 70 Convert to a fraction or

5 = mixed number and
6
simplify.
+ 61

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Find the missing
numbers.
If
If
8 , 8 = 65
1,1=2
9 , 9 = 81
2,2=5
10 , 10 = 100
3,3=6
11 , 11 = 121
5,5=8
Then
Then
17 , 17 = ?
6,6=?
Hint: The answer is
NOT 10.

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Complete each pattern. Write what the rule is for each pattern.

(59,059), (19,683), (6,561), (2,187),

(729), (253), (81), (27),
(9),

(5,295,967,296), (536,870,912), (67,108,865),

(8,388,608), (1,058,576), (131,072), (16,385),
(2,058), (256),

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Renaissance Theatres
By Sharon Fabian

Caption: picture taken inside the Globe in 2003

It's a fine afternoon, especially since we've finished our work early for the day
- a perfect time to visit the playhouse.
That's one of the good things about living here on the bank of the Thames. We
have entertainment now. Great stories by Shakespeare and the like, acted out in
our grand new theatre for all who can pay a penny.

Being in the building trades myself, I take notice of the playhouse and how
it's constructed as well as the play going on inside. This one is around 30 feet
high.
At first glance, it appears nearly round, but looks can be deceiving. In reality, it's
made of maybe 20 straight sides. It's tall for a reason, too, not just for a grand
look. Inside the playhouse, there are three floors of seats - for the ladies and gents
who care to pay to sit down.
The floor, known as the pit, is where we stand. Why waste your money just to
sit down! Here we can watch the show up close and enjoy the treats we've brought along, such as nuts or fruit. Up
close like this, we can let the actors know what we think of their performance, too. Mostly, they put on a good
show, because they know we'll not hold back.

The stage in this new theatre is a sight to see, even before the show starts. It's a large stage, maybe 40 feet
across and 25 feet deep. It sits 5 feet above the pit. When we've filled the pit, we surround the stage on three sides.

The back part of the stage is covered by a little roof called the heavens. It's painted dark blue with stars, so you
can see where it got its name. There's a trapdoor in this heaven so that actors can magically appear from the sky.
At the back of the stage are doors so other actors can enter and exit the normal way, on foot. That's just the first
level.

This stage has three levels. The second level provides another area for acting so the players can move from
scene to scene without stopping the action. The middle part serves as a balcony or window, too, especially for
romantic scenes, like in Romeo and Juliet. The top level is mainly for the musicians. Yes, our plays have music,
too. Music, costumes, the whole works.

There are even some parts to this playhouse that you don't usually see. There are rooms for props and
costumes - everything ready on short notice. There are dressing rooms behind the stage where the actors can make
a quick change and get ready for their next scene.

I can't end my sketch of our grand playhouse without mentioning one other item. This playhouse has a second
trapdoor. That's right, another trapdoor right in the middle of the stage. This way, we can see spectacles of actors
rising from below, as well as swooping down from the heavens. It's enough to give you a good fright, if that's
what you paid your penny to see.

There are a number of these new playhouses out and about - the Curtain, the Swan, and the Rose, as well as
the Globe. I'm partial to the Globe myself, but they're all fine theatres with room for large audiences. Believe it or
not, we're luckier here than many of the city folk in London. You see, playhouses are frowned upon there. Guess
that's why so many have sprung up outside the city.

It's a fine place and time we're living in, all right. Plays aren't just for the rich anymore. Us groundlings, as
they call us, can enjoy a show in a fine playhouse anytime we choose. At a penny for standing room, the price is
right, too. Now, let's get this show started!

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Renaissance Theatres

Questions
1. A playhouse is another word for a .
A. theatre
B. cinema
C. playground
D. childcare center

2. All of the following are theatres mentioned in this article except .

A. the Globe
B. the Swan
C. the Rose
D. the Paramount

3. The theatre described in this article was a small one, one story high and with standing room only.
A. true
B. false

4. The cheapest admission to a Renaissance theatre was for .

A. the second tier
B. the first tier
C. standing room in the pit
D. on-stage seating

5. The stage is located at about eye-level to the groundlings in the pit.

A. false
B. true

6. The stage had trapdoors to .

A. allow actors to make spectacular entrances
B. get rid of bad actors
C. get rid of audience members who didn't pay
D. hide the musicians

7. Having stages on several levels allows actors to .

A. rest between scenes
B. play more than one role
C. change scenes without stopping the action of the play
D. perform more than one play at once

8. If you had a , you could go to see a play.

A. penny
B. dollar
C. ticket
D. car

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2 = 8 = 28 = 7 =
25 10 % 10 2 %
0 0 5
7 = = 35 = =
1 10 % 10 2 %
0 0 0 0
3 = = 56 = =
5 10 % 10 5 %
0 0 0

= = 78 = =
21 10 % 10 5 %
50 0 0 0
7 = = 50 = =
20 10 % 10 2 %
0 0

Emma put posters on the wall in her

room. The
posters cover 1 of the wall. What
percent of the
wall is covered with
37 = posters?
50 10
0

9 =
25 10
0

9 =
1 10
0 0

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Prohibition
By Jane Runyon

By the early 1900's, many people in the United States began to worry about the use of alcohol by citizens.
They were afraid that too many people were drinking alcohol. It was possible that these drinking people could
become a danger to themselves and the people around them. Alcohol can have an effect on those who drink it.
They sometimes lose control of their thought processes. Their bodies don't react as quickly to danger. Long time
use of alcohol can cause permanent damage to organs in the body such as the liver.

In 1905, three states made it illegal to drink or have alcohol within the state. By 1912, nine states made alcohol
illegal. In 1916, twenty-six of the forty-eight states had prohibited the use of alcohol. In 1919, members of
Congress passed the Eighteenth Amendment. This amendment to the Constitution made it illegal to make, sell, or
transport alcohol in the United States. Prohibition officially began on January 16, 1920.

Often times when a law is passed, it seems to be an invitation for some people to try and get around that law.
This happened often during Prohibition. The Volstead Act, which followed the constitutional amendment, spelled
out when, where, and how much alcohol could be produced and still be legal. Alcohol as a medicine was still
allowed. A doctor could prescribe alcohol to a patient. The patient could take his or her prescription to a druggist,
and the druggist had to give the patient the alcohol. Over a million barrels of alcohol a year were consumed in this
manner.
If you look closely, you will see that the Eighteenth Amendment says you can't make, sell, or transport alcohol.
It said nothing about drinking it. Private drinking clubs were set up all over the country. A guard was at the door
to make sure no government agents tried to come into the club. If a person wanted to enter the club, he or she had
to "speak easy" to the guard. That's why these clubs were called "speakeasies." The alcohol was smuggled in from
Canada or Caribbean islands.

Gangsters found that providing alcohol to speakeasies could bring them a lot of money. The illegal operation
of producing "bootleg" liquor became big business. Notorious mobsters such as Al Capone took over the
production of alcohol and provided it in illegal proportions all over the country. He kept his operations very secret.
It was hard to prove that he was breaking the law. What finally did him in was the fact that he had not paid
income taxes on the money he earned from his illegal business.

Some people turned to producing their own illegal "booze." This caused some serious problems. Criminals
mixed lethal materials into their "bathtub gin." An industrial chemical was mixed in one batch that left all those
who drank it paralyzed in the feet and hands. In other cases, the alcohol was mixed in old automobile radiators.
There were still lead salts in the radiators which led to the deaths of those who drank it.

Then there was "near beer." This concoction had a very small amount of alcohol in it. It had just enough to
keep it legal. When the near beer was sold, it had a set of instructions with it. These instructions gave specific
instructions to the consumer about what should not be done with the near beer. If the instructions were not
followed, it would create an alcoholic beverage and, of course, that would be illegal. What an easy way to make
beer!

The cost of enforcing the Eighteenth Amendment, and the fact that so many people didn't seem to want to
follow the law, caused Congress to reconsider their actions in 1933. At that time the Twenty-First Amendment
was ratified. The amendment repealed, or did away with, Prohibition.

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Prohibition

Questions
1. Prohibition allowed for alcohol to be sold only in restaurants.
A. True
B. False

2. What does the word "prohibition" mean?

A. Limit the amount of something
B. Stop the use of something
C. Allow small amounts of a product to be sold
D. Put something on display

3. Which body organ is typically harmed by the use of alcohol?

A. Hands
B. Ears
C. Feet
D. Liver

4. Why did gangsters become involved in bootlegging?

5. Why was alcohol prohibited in the first place?

6. What loophole in the Eighteenth Amendment did people take advantage of in order to consume alcohol?
A. The amendment didn't say people couldn't make alcohol.
B. The amendment didn't say people couldn't smuggle alcohol.
C. The amendment didn't say people couldn't sell alcohol.
D. The amendment didn't say people couldn't drink alcohol.

7. What did many people die from?

A. Chemicals in bathtub gin
B. Speakeasies
C. Alcohol free booze
D. Near beer

8. Congress did away with the Eighteenth Amendment because it was too hard to enforce.
A. False
B. True

6 x 11 =

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Name:
Sara was getting If the average
married. She was Jenna is using a map marshmallow
very happy! The scale to find the weighs
total cost for the 0.12 ounces, how
wedding was distance to Atlantic much will a bag of
&3,631. She Beach. The map 51 marshmallows
spent &518.02 for weigh? Don't forget
her dress. One- On the map, it is to include
5
fourth of the inches from her 3.5 ounces for the
remaining money weight of the bag.
was spent on home to Atlantic
flowers. How
much money was Beach. How many
spent on flowers?

Amy bought 25 Max wanted to The monthly

stamps that cost buy a model car premiums for Mr.
&0.32 each and that was on sale Martin's life
17 stamps that for &10.25 He insurance are
cost &0.35 each procrastinated too &19.52.
for her Older long and 3 weeks At that rate, what is
Americans Month later the car cost the yearly cost for
cards. She paid 30% more than Mr.
for the stamps the sale price. Martin's life
with a &20 bill. How much money insurance?
How much change did Max waste by
did she receive? procrastinating?

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Name:

Grace's family couldn't decide where to go for spring break. Grace wanted
to go to Orlando, Florida. Her brother Max wanted to visit Atlantis in the
Bahamas. Hunter, her other brother, for some reason, wanted to go to
Hawaii.
The family decided to go where they go every year, which is to visit their
grandparents in Canada. Grace loves visiting her grandparents. And she
likes that she feels rich in Canada because whenever she brings United
States coins, for some reason, she gets more in Canadian coins.
"Don't be silly," said Max to his sister. "Remember a few years ago the
Canadian dollar was worth more? We LOST money in Canada!"
This year Grace brought coins with her. She had a total of &1.80 in United
States coins, consisting of a total of 13 coins. She didn't bother bringing
pennies as Canada doesn't have a penny.
Canada has six types of coins: 5¢, 10¢, 25¢, 50¢, &1, and &2. When she
went to Canada, she exchanged her U.S. coins for Canadian.
"Will I get more or less Canadian money?" she asked the
exchange person. "We will give you &1.10 in Canadian for
each &1 in U.S. money you give us."

What coins from the United States did Grace start with?

How much Canadian money will the exchange rate worker give Grace?

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Name:

Find the sum of 26 and Find the sum of 12,

65. 17, and 53. 96
+ 373

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Falkland Islands - History

By Ekaterina Zhdanova-Redman

Think about a time when you felt really small. Not small in size, necessarily, but small in personality - so
small that you were easy to ignore. There's a group of islands that is small like that, and for much of their history,
they have been very easy to ignore. This group of islands is so small that there are only about 3,000 people who
live there. And people have been living there for only a few hundred years. But not that long ago, this tiny,
easy-to-ignore group of islands took center stage as two big countries fought over it. This island group is the
Falkland Islands.

The Falkland Islands are located off the extreme southeastern coast of South America. The island's economy
is doing well, thanks to sheep farming and its deep-sea fishing industry. Its closest neighbor is Argentina, and it is
not too far away from Antarctica. The country is made up of two main islands and more than 700 smaller ones
spread out over an area of 4,700 square miles in the South Atlantic Ocean. There's a little evidence that some
Patagonian Indians came to the Falklands from Argentina many years ago. But when the first Europeans began
arriving in the 17th century, there weren't any people to be found on the Falklands.

According to documented history, the British were the first to land on the Falklands in 1690. And, like they did
most everywhere else, the British explorers claimed the islands for the king and queen of England. The British
named the waterway between the two main islands for a British navy officer, Viscount Falkland.

The British didn't establish any colonies, though. They just showed up, claimed ownership of the islands, and
took off. The first European country to set up a colony there was France in 1764. Then the Spanish forced the
French out and took over the islands. Spanish rule of the islands lasted only about 70 years. After Argentina
declared its independence from Spain, a government-funded businessman named Luis Vernet went to the
Falklands in the late 1820s and declared himself governor. He took three American ships, which led an American
naval officer to attack the islands. Vernet ran back to Argentina, leaving a small force behind. The British easily
overran Argentine forces in 1833.

The British didn't do much to improve the Falklands for many years. In fact, Britain practically ignored the
islands until the mid-19th century. That was when the islanders turned to the profitable business of sheep
ranching. Wool quickly became the Falkland Islands' greatest export.

Then, in the mid-1960s, things began to heat up over this tiny island nation. The Argentine government never
formally gave up control of the Falklands, and it set its sights on retaking the islands. Argentina's military invaded
the Falklands in April 1982, bringing the Argentine and British disagreement to a head. The British sent in
military forces to fight the Argentinians. After losing almost 1,000 soldiers, the Argentinians gave up, its
president resigned, and control of the Falklands finally went to the British.

Today, Argentine and British claims to the islands are still in dispute. A new constitution went into effect in
January 2009 over protests from Argentina. "It enhances local democracy, while retaining sufficient powers for
the UK government to protect UK interests and to ensure the overall good governance of the territory," Foreign
Office minister Gillian Merron said. The people who live on the Falkland Islands, since most are descended
from British settlers, still identify most with Britain, not with Argentina and South America. So, thanks to its
history, this island that's close to South America has more in common with a country thousands of miles away.

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Falkland Islands - History

Questions
1. Culturally, the Falkland Islands are South American.
A. true
B. false

2. Argentina invaded the Falklands in what year?

A. 1982
B. 1682
C. 1992
D. 2002

3. The Falkland Islands were inhabited when the British arrived.

A. false
B. true
4. Which of the following is one of the Falkland Islands' chief industries?
A. tourism
B. wool farming
C. car manufacturing
D. corn farming

5. Which country was the first to establish a colony on the Falkland Islands?
A. France
B. Argentina
C. Britain
D. Spain

6. No one had ever been to the Falkland Islands before the British.
A. false
B. true

7. The Falkland Islands were named after a British .

A. naval officer
B. governor
C. king
D. city

8. Today, the British and Argentinians still disagree about the Falklands.
A. false
B. true

Change 0.03 to a
Reduce 59 to its
percent. 5 8 2,6 0 2 13
- 7,3 5 8 3
term
s.

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elections gale ceremony solar attorneys perpetual
Each row, column, and box must have all the words from the word list.
Write in the missing words.

ceremony solar perpetual gale

elections gale ceremony

ceremony solar

perpetual attorneys

Rose rolls a die. What is the

chance of her rolling a 2? 80 ÷ 8 = 7 kg = g

Rewrite these in increasing order

132 ÷ 12 6 38
= of length: 697 km, 599 mm, 6 m, - 29 8
238 cm, 728 dm

Fill in the missing operations to

complete this eąuation: Amanda rolls two dice. She
adds the numbers on the
two dice.
What is the chance of this
58 25 33 = 35 sum being six?

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