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6 Fpga Theory

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are integrated circuits that allow users to program logic functions and interconnections between logic blocks. Xilinx introduced the first commercial FPGA, the XC2064, in 1985, revolutionizing programmable device technology. FPGAs utilize reconfigurable elements such as logic blocks, interconnects, and input/output blocks, with various programming technologies, including SRAM, to achieve programmability.

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16 views26 pages

6 Fpga Theory

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are integrated circuits that allow users to program logic functions and interconnections between logic blocks. Xilinx introduced the first commercial FPGA, the XC2064, in 1985, revolutionizing programmable device technology. FPGAs utilize reconfigurable elements such as logic blocks, interconnects, and input/output blocks, with various programming technologies, including SRAM, to achieve programmability.

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ankitkumar.work121
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Field Programmable Gate Arrays

(FPGAs)
FPGA
• FPGAs are ICs that contain an array of identical logic blocks with
programmable interconnections
• The user can program the functions realized by each logic block and the
connections between the blocks.
• Xilinx proposed to use static RAM (SRAM) storage elements to create
programmable logic blocks and introduced its family of XC2000 devices in
1985 →world received a totally new and powerful technology for
developing programmable device.
1985: First commercial FPGA : Xilinx XC2064
Manufacturers
Examples of
Commercial FPGAs
The interior of FPGAs

• Arrays of programmable logic blocks are distributed within the FPGA.


• These logic blocks are surrounded by input/output (I/O) interface blocks. These I/O blocks
can be considered to be on the periphery of the chip. They connect the logic signals to
FPGA pins.
• The space between the logic blocks is used to route connections between the logic blocks
The field programmability in FPGAs
• The field programmability in FPGAs is achieved by reconfigurable elements, which can be
programmed or reconfigured by the user. As mentioned, there are three major programmable
elements in FPGAs: the logic block, the interconnect, and the input/output block

• Programmable logic blocks are created by using multiplexers, look-up tables, and AND-OR or NAND-
NAND arrays. “Programming” them means changing the input or control signals to the multiplexers,
changing the look-up table contents, or selecting/not selecting particular gates in AND-OR gate blocks.

• For a programmable interconnect, “programming” means making or breaking specic connections. This
is required to interconnect various blocks in the chip and to connect specic I/O pins to specic logic
blocks.
FPGA vs. CPLD
FPGA Programming Technologies

Several techniques have been used to achieve the programmable


interconnections between FPGAs.

The term programming technology is used here to denote the technology


by which the programmability in an FPGA is achieved.
The SRAM Programming Technology
Typical Six-Transistor SRAM Cell
. In FPGA, the memory elements are realized in two ways which are

In the case of FPGA implementation, it is a common question that which type of memory
implementation should be used. If the storage requirement is high then it is better to use
the Block RAMs as they do not consume LUTs and thus can be very faster. Smaller
memories can be realized using the distributed RAMs
Programmable Interconnects

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