FEDERAL MINISTRY OF YOUTH AND SPORTS

DEVELOPMENT
In collaboration with

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS

NATIONAL YOUTH SURVEY

[i]
 Table of Contents

Foreword……………………………………………………………………………….xviii

Preface…………………………………………………………………………………..xix

Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………xx

Executive Summary………………………………………………………………………………..xxi

Chapter One
1.0 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………...…..1
1.1 Survey Objectives……………………………………………………………………………...….3

Chapter Two
Survey Design and Methodology
2.0 Sample Design……………………………………………………………….……………………4
2.1 Coverage…………………………………………………………………….....…………………4
2.2 Scope…………………………………………………………,,,……………………………..….5
2.3 Training for field work……………………………………………………………………………5
2.4 Field Arrangement…………………………………………………..……………………………6
2.5 Monitoring/Quality Check and Coordination ……..………………………………………6

Chapter Three
Demographics and Household Characteristics
3.0 General Demography………………………………………………..……………7
3.1 Household Characteristics (Age Group) ………………………….……………..……7
3.2 Age Group and Sex………………………………………………………………………8
3.3 Marital Status and Form of Marriage ………………………….……………..………11
3.4 Water and Sanitation…………………………………………………….………13
3.4.1 Safe and Unsafe Drinking Water………………………………………..………13
3.4.2 Fetching of Water in the Household……………………………………….……13
3.4.3 Water Treatment by Household…………………………………………..……`14
3.4.4 Source of Fuel for Cooking by Household…………………………………..……15
3.4.5 Chimney or Hood…………………………………………………………………16.

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3.4.6 Cooking in the Household…………………………………..…………………..…18
3.4.7. Toilet System…………...…………………………….………………………….19

Chapter Four
4.0 Youth and Education………………………………………………………………………….…22
4.1 Youth Attendance in School………………………………………………………………..……22
4.2 Highest Level of Education………………………………………………………….………..…23
4.3 Types of Education Attended………………………………………………………………....…24
4.4 Youth and Course of Study…………………………………………………………………..…26

Chapter Five
5.0 Youth and Health……………………………………………………………………….………28
5.1 Access to Health Care Services……………………………………………………………….…28
5.2 Youth and Distance to Health Facilities……………………………….………..……………...…28
5.3 Youth and Level of Health Care Facilities……………………………………..…………………29
5.4 Youth and Assessment of Cost of Health Services………………………………………………..30

Chapter Six
6.0 Youth and Agriculture……………………………………………………………..……………31
6.1 Youth and Type of Farming………………………………………………………..……………31
6.2 Youth and Employment in Agriculture……………………………………………………..……31
6.3 Youth and Access to Agricultural Input………………………………………………….………32

Chapter Seven
7.0 Youth and Employment…………………………………………………………………………33
7.1 Youth in Employment……………………………………………….……………………..……33
7.2 Youth and Unemployment………………………………………………………………………34
7.3 Youth in Employment by Sector…………………………………………………………………35

Chapter Eight
8.0 Youth Participation in Politics and Decision Making………………………………………………37
8.1 Youth with Political Affiliation……………………………………………………………………37
8.2 Youth in Elective Offices……………………………………………………………………….…38

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Chapter Nine
9.0 Youth and Information & Communication Technology (ICT)/Computer Proficiency…………...…40
9.1 Youth with Computer Literacy………………………………………………………………...…40
9.2 Youth and Type of Computer Literacy……………………………………………………………41
Chapter Ten
10.0 Youth and Conflict Prevention/Peace Building……………………………………………..……42
10.1 Youth and Conflict Prevention Training………………………………..………………..………42
10.2 Level of Involvements of Youths in Conflict Prevention…………………………………………43
10.3 Youth and Type of Conflict Prevented……………………………………….…………….……44
10.4 Youth and Type of Organization Through which Conflict is Prevented…..…………………….…44

Chapter Eleven
11.0 Youth in Sports and Recreation……….…………………………………………………………46
11.1 Youth and Level of Involvement in Sports……………….…………….…………………...……46
11.2 Youth and Level of Involvement in Sports by Gender………………….…………………...……46
11.3 Youth and forms of Disability by Sex….…………………………………………………...……47

Chapter Twelve
12.0 Youth Migration……………………………………………………………………….………48
12.1 Youth and Place of Residence……………………………………………………………….…48
12.2 Youth and Reason for Movement…….……………………………………………………...…49
12.3 Ever-Changed Base by State and Reason for Movement………………………………………...49

Chapter Thirteen
13.0 Family Life/Parenting………………………………………………………………51
13.1 Youth and Parents…………………………………………… ………...…………51
13.2 Youth and Guardian……………………………………………………………...…58

Chapter Fourteen
14.0 Youth and Environmental Concerns…………………………………………………….……….60
14.1 Distribution of Youth who Experience Environmental Concerns……………………………...…..60
14.2 Distribution of Youth who Experience Environmental Concerns by Type and Zone………………60

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Chapter Fifteen
15.0 Youth and Business Enterprises………..………………………………………………..………62
15.1 Youths and business enterprise………………………………………………………….………62
15.2 Youths and business start up and annual turnover…………………………………………..……63
15.3 Youths and Business Enterprises……………………………………………………….………..63
15.4 Youths and legal business enterprises by type……………………………………………………64
15.5 Youths and Sources of Business funding……………………….…………………………..…….65
15.6 Youths and Bank loan finances………………………….………………………………………66
15.7 Youths and reasons for inaccessibility of Bank finances……..…………………………………67
15.8 Youths and major challenges facing businesses…………………………………………….……68
15.9 Youths and Training……………………………………………………………………………69
Appendix……………………………………………………………………………………………71

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 List of Figures
Fig 3.1a: Percentage Distribution of household members by age group and sex (National)….7

Fig 3.1b: Percentage Distribution of household members by age group and sex……………..8

Fig 3.2b: Percentage Distribution of Youth aged 18-35 by age group and sex………………..9

Fig 3.2c: Percentage Distribution of Youth 15-35 by sector (Urban and Rural)…………………...…..9
Fig 3.2d: Percentage of Youth aged 15-35 by age group and sector………………………………….10
Fig 3.3a: Percentage Distribution of Youth by Marital Status and sex……………………………….11
Fig 3.3b: Percentage Distribution of Youth by zone and form of marriage…………………………..12
Fig 3.4.1: Percentage Distribution of households by main source of drinking water………………...13
Fig 3.4.2: Percentage Distribution of households by who usually go to fetch water from the
source....................................................................................................................................................14
Fig. 3.4.3a: Percentage Distribution of households by who usually treat water for safe
drinking………………………………………………………………………………………15

Fig. 3.4.3b: Percentage Distribution of households that ususlly treat water by zone…………15

Fig.3.4.4a: Percentage Distribution of of Households that Cooks with Open Fire or Stove
(National)………..………………………………………..…………………………….……16

Fig. 3.4.4b: Percentage Distribution of Households that Cooks with Open Fire or Stove by
Zone………………………………………..……………………………………………..….16

Fig.3.4.5a: Percentage Distribution of Households that have Chimney or Hood in their

Stove……………………………………………………………………………………….…17
Fig.3.4.5b: Percentage Distribution of Household that have Chimney or Hood in their Stove
by Zone…………………………………………………………………………………...…..17
Fig.3.4.6a: Percentage Distribution of Households that Cooks in the House, in a Separate
Building and Outdoors (National)…………………………………………...……...………..18
Fig.3.4.6b: Percentage Distribution of Households that Cooks in the House, in a Separate
Building and Outdoors………………………………………………………………........….19
Fig.3.4.7: Percentage Distribution of Households with the Type of Toilet Facility by
Zone………………………………………………………………………………………..…20

Fig.3.4.8a: Percentage Distribution of Household that Share Toilet Facility with other
Households (National)………………………………………………………………………..20

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Fig. 3.4.8b: Percentage Distribution of Household that Share Toilet Facility with other
Households by Zone………………………………………………………………………….21

Fig 4.1a Percentage Distribution of Youth Aged 15 - 35 by School Attendance and

Sex……………………………………………………………………………………………22

Fig 4.1b: Percentage Distribution of Youth aged 15-35 by zone and school attendance……23

Fig. 4.2a: Percentage Distribution of Youth by level of Education (National)………………23

Fig.4.2b: Percentage Distribution of Youth by level of Education and zone………………..24

Fig 4.3a: Percentage Distribution of Youth by type of Education……………………………25

Fig. 4.3b: Percentage Distribution of Youth by Type of Education and Sex…………………………..……..25

Fig.4.3d: Percentage Distribution of Youth Aged 15-35 by Zone, Type of Education and
Sex……………………………………………………………………….……………..…….26

Fig. 4.4: Percentage Distribution of Youth by course of study……………………………….27

Fig. 5.1: Percentage Distribution of Youths by access to health facilities and zone…………28

Fig. 5.2 Percentage distribution of distance of health facilities from youth's residence by
zone………………………………………………………...…………………………….…..29

Fig. 5.3 Percentage distribution of youths access to health care facility by different level and
zone……………………………………………………………………..………………...…30

Fig. 5.4 Percentage distribution of youths assessment of cost of health care services by
zone………………………………………………………………………………………..…30

Fig. 6.1 Percentage distribution of youth by type of farming activity and

zones……….............................................................................................................................31

Fig 6.2: Percentage Distribution of Youth’s Employment status in agriculture by zone…….32

Fig. 6.3 Percentage distribution of youth that have access to Agricultural inputs by
zone…………………………………………………………………..………………..….….32

Fig.7.1 : Percentage Distribution of Youths in Employment by zone and sex………………33

Fig. 7.2: Percentage Distribution of Youths not in Employment…………………………….34

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Fig. 7.3 : Percentage Distribution of Youths in Employment by zone and sector……………36

Fig 8.1 : Percentage Distribution of Youth and Political Affilation by zone and sex………..38

Fig. 8.2 Percentage distribution of youths and elective Offices by zone and
sex…………………………………………………………………………………………….39

Fig. 9.1: Percentage Distribution of Youth with computer Literacy by zone………………..40

Fig. 9.2: Percentage Distribution of Youth and type of computer literacy…………………..41

Fig. 10.2a: Percentage Distribution of Youth with training in conflict prevention by zone…43

Fig 10.2b: Percentage Distribution of Youth Involved in conflict prevention by level………43

Fig.10.3: Percentage Distribution of Youth by type of conflict prevented…………………..44

Fig 10.4: Percentage Distribution of type of organization through which Nigerian Youth
prevent conflict…………………………………………………………...…………………..45

Fig. 11.1: Percentage Distribution of Youth actively Involve in sports by level…………….46

Fig 11.2: Percentage Distribution of Youth actively Involved in sports by zone and level…47

Fig.11.3: Percentage Distribution of Youth by sex and form of disability…………………..47

Fig 12.1: Percentage Distribution of Youth by place of residence…………………………..48

Fig.12.2: Percentage Distribution of Youth’s movement by reason………………………..49

Fig. 12.3: Youth Ever change base by reason……………………………………………….50

Fig. 13.1a: Percentage Distribution of Youth who lived with their parents…………………51

Fig. 13.1b: Percentage Distribution of Youth who lived with their parents by zone………...52

Fig.13.1c: Percentage Distribution of Youths and Relationship with their parents by

zone…………………………………………………………………………………………..53

Fig. 13.1d: Percentage Distribution of Youths and Relationship with their parents by
Zone…………………………………………………………………………….…………….54

Fig. 13.1e: Percentage Distribution of Youth and Time Spent with Their
parents…………………………………………………………………………..…..……….54
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Fig. 13.1f: Percentage Distribution of Youth and Time Spent with Their parents by
Zone……………………………………………………………………………….…….……55

Fig.13.1g: Percentage Distribution of Youth and which Parents to Emulate

National……………………………………………………………………….……………..56

Fig.13.1h: Percentage Distribution of Youth and which Parents to Emulate by

Zone……………………………………………………………………………………..…..56

Fig. 13.1i: Percentage Distribution of Youth Who Live with One Parent by
Reason(s)……………………………………………………………………………….……57

Fig:13.1i: Percentage Distribution of Youth Who Live with One Parent by

Reason(s)……………………………………………………………………………….……57

Fig.13.2a: Percentage Distribution of Youth Who Live with Guardians by

Reason(s)……………………………………………………………………………..…..….58

Fig.13.2b: Percentage Distribution of Youth Who Live with Guardians by Zone and
Reason(s)…………………………………………………………………………………..…59

Fig. 14.1: Percentage Distribution of Youths Who Experienced Environmental Concern by

Type and Zone………………………………..…………………………………………...….61

Fig. 15.1 Percentage distribution of business Enterprise of youths by zone and

sex………………………………………………………………………………………...…..62

Fig. 15.2 Percent distribution of youths average business start up and annual turnover by
zones……………………………………………………………………………………….…63

Fig. 15.3 Percentage distribution of youths that registered Business enterprises……..……..64

Fig. 15.4 Percentage distribution of youths by type of business enterprises and

zone………………………………………………………………………………………..…65

Fig. 15.5 Percentage distribution of youths with sources of fund and

zone……………………………………………………………………………….………….66

Fig.15.6 Percentage distribution of youths with access to Bank loan finances by

zone…………………………………………………………………………………………..67

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Fig. 15.7 Percentage distribution of youths with reason for inaccessbility to bank finance by
zone………………………………………………………………………………..………....68

Fig. 15.8 Percentage Distribution of youths with major challenges facing

businesses………………………………………………………………..…………………..69

Fig. 15.9 Percentage of youths with Business training by zone and

sex………………………………………………………………….……..………………….70

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 List of Tables
Table 3.1: Distribution of Household members by Age group and Sex
Table 3.2: Distribution of Youth Aged 15-35 by Age Group and Sex
Table 3.3: Distribution of Youth Aged 15-35 by Age Group and Sex
Table 3.4: Distribution of Youth Aged 18-35 by Age Group and Sex
Table 3.5: Distribution of Youth Aged 15-35 by Age Group and Sector
Table 3.6A: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by Zone, Age group and sex
Table 3.6B: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by Zone, Age group and sex
Table 3.6C: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by Zone, Age group and sex
Table 3.7: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by marital status and sex
Table 3.8: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by zone, form of marriage and sex
Table 3.9: Distribution of Youth aged 15-35 Years by Marital Status and Sex

Table 3.10A: Distribution of Households by main source of drinking water and zone
Table 3.10B: Distribution of Households by main source of drinking water and zone

Table 3.10C: Distribution of Households by main source of drinking water and zone

Table 3.10D: Distribution of Households by main source of drinking water and zone

Table 3.11: Distribution of Households by sources of water used for other purposes and zone
Table 3.12: Distribution of Households by how long it takes to get water, the average minutes
and zone
Table 3.13: Distribution of Households by who usually go to fetch water from the source and
zone
Table 3.14: Distribution of Households who usually treat water for safe drinking by zone
Table 3.15: Distribution of Households by methods of treating water for safe drinking and
zone
Table 3.16: Distribution of Households by types of toilet facilities and zone
Table 3.17A: Distribution of Households by types of toilet facilities and zone
Table 3.17B: Distribution of Households by types of toilet facilities and zone
Table 3.18A: Distribution of Households that share toilet facilities by the number of
households and zone

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Table 3.18B: Distribution of Households that share toilet facilities by the number of
households and zone
Table 3.18C: Distribution of Households that share toilet facilities by the number of
households and zone
Table 3.18D: Distribution of Households that share toilet facilities by the number of
households and zone
Table 3.19: Distribution of Head of household by Religion and zone

Table 3.20: Distribution of Head of household by Mother tongue and zone

Table 3.21: Distribution of Household by average number of rooms and zone
Table 3.22: Distribution of Household by Type of flooring material and zone
Table 3.23: Distribution of Household by Type of roofing material and zone
Table 3.24: Distribution of Household by Type of wall material and zone
Table 3.25: Distribution of Household by cooking fuel used and Zone
Table 3.26: Distribution of Household that cook with open fire or stove by zone
Table 3.27: Distribution of Household that have chimney or hood in their stove by zone
Table 3.28: Distribution of Household that cook in separate rooms or outdoors by zone
Table 3.29: Distribution of Household with appliances by zone
Table 3.30: Distribution of Household with own items by zones
Table 4.1A: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by zone, school attendance and sex
Table 4.1B: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by zone, school attendance and sex
Table 4.2A: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by zone, school attendance and sex
Table 4.2B: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by zone, school attendance and sex
Table 4.3A: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by School Attendance, Age group and sex
Table 4.3B: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by School Attendance, Age group and sex
Table 4.4A: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by Age group, Level of education and sex
Table 4.4B: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by Age group, Level of education and sex
Table 4.5A: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by zone, Level of education and sex
Table 4.5B: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by zone, Level of education and sex
Table 4.6: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by zone, Type of Education and sex
Table 4.7: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by Course of Study and Age group
Table 4.8A: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by zone and Course of Study

[xii]
Table 4.8B: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by zone and Course of Study
Table 5.1: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 Accessibility to Health Care Facilities by Zone and
Type of Health Facility
Table 5.2: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by distance to Health Facility and Type of Health
Facility
Table 5.3: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by Accessibility to Health Care Facilities by zone
Table 5.4: Percentage Distribution of Youth Aged 15-35 by Assessment of Cost of Service in
Health Facilities and zone
Table 6.1A: Distribution of Youth Aged 15-35 by Type of farming, Sex and zone
Table 6.1B: Distribution of Youth Aged 15-35 by Type of farming, Sex and zone
Table 6.1C: Distribution of Youth Aged 15-35 by Type of farming, Sex and zone
Table 6.2: Distribution of Youth Aged 15-35 by Type of farming by zone
Table 6.3: Distribution of Youth Aged 15-35 who are in Agriculture by zone, Employment
Status and sex
Table 6.4: Distribution of Youth Aged 15-35 in Agriculture by zone and Employment Status
Table 6.5: Distribution of Youth Aged 15-35 by Average Annual Turnover of Agriculture
Firm/Business, Type of Farming Activity and zone
Table 6.6: Distribution of Youth's Maximum Annual Turnover of Agriculture Firm/Business by
zone and Type of Farming Activity
Table 6.7: Distribution of Youth's Average Annual Turnover in Agriculture by Distance to
Market/Input and Type of Farming Activity
Table 6.8: Distribution of Youth Annual Turnover in Agriculture by Distance to Market/Input
and Type of Farming Activity
Table 6.9: Distribution of Youth who have access to Market/Input by zone and sex
Table 7.1: Distribution of Youth in Employment by zone and sex
Table 7.2: Distribution of Unemployed Youth in Employment by zone and reasons for not
working
Table 7.3: Distribution of Youth in Employment by zone and Employment Status
Table 7.4: Distribution of Youth in Employment by zone and Sector
Table 8.1A: Distribution of Youth with Political Affiliation by zone and Sex
Table 8.1B: Distribution of Youth with Political Affiliation by zone and Sex

[xiii]
Table 8.2: Distribution of Youth in Elective Offices by zone and Sex
Table 8.3: Distribution of Youth classified as Registered and Unregistered Voters by zone
and Sex
Table 8.4: Distribution of Youth with and without Leadership Training by zone and Sex
Table 8.5: Distribution of Youth by Type of Leadership Training and Sex
Table 9.1: Distribution of Youth with or without Computer Literacy by zone and Sex
Table 9.2A: Distribution of Youth by zone and Type of Computer Literacy
Table 9.2B: Distribution of Youth by zone and Type of Computer Literacy
Table 9.3: Distribution of Youth with Certified IT Professionals by Area of specialization and
sex
Table 10.1: Distribution of Youth who were involved in conflict prevention by zone and sex
Table 10.2A: Distribution of Youth who were involved in conflict prevention by zone and level
of Involvement
Table 10.2B: Distribution of Youth who were involved in conflict prevention by zone and level
of Involvement

Table 10.3: Distribution of Youth who were involved in conflict prevention by zone and Type
of Conflict
Table 10.4: Distribution of Youth who were involved in conflict prevention by zone and Type
of Organisation
Table 10.5: Distribution of Youth with training and without training on conflict prevention by
zone and sex
Table 11.1A: Distribution of Youth actively involved in Sport by zone and Level
Table 11.1B: Distribution of Youth actively involved in Sport by zone and Level
Table 11.2A: Distribution of Youth actively involved in Sport by Type and Level
Table 11.2B: Distribution of Youth actively involved in Sport by Type and Level
Table 11.3: Distribution of Youth by form of Disability and sex
Table 12.1A: Distribution of Youth not at Home State by Sex and zone
Table 12.1B: Distribution of Youth not at Home State by Sex and zone
Table 12.2A: Distribution of Youth movement to Present Residence by zone and Reason for
movement

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Table 12.2B: Distribution of Youth movement to Present Residence by zone and Reason for
movement
Table 12.3A: Distribution of Youth movement (Ever change base) to Present Residence by
zone and Reason for movement
Table 12.3B: Distribution of Youth movement (Ever change base) to Present Residence by
zone and Reason for movement
Table 12.4A: Distribution of Youth by zone and Type of Movement
Table 12.4B: Distribution of Youth by zone and Type of Movement
Table 12.4C: Distribution of Youth by zone and Type of Movement
Table 13.1A: Distribution of Youth who live with parents by zone and sex
Table 13.1B: Distribution of Youth who live with parents by zone and sex
Table 13.1C: Distribution of Youth who live with parents by zone and sex
Table 13.1D: Distribution of Youth who live with parents by zone and sex
Table 13.1E: Distribution of Youth who live with parents by zone and sex
Table 13.2A: Distribution of Youth and how parents relate with them by zone and sex
Table 13.2B: Distribution of Youth and how parents relate with them by zone and sex
Table 13.3A: Distribution of Youth who live with one parents by zone and the Reasons
Table 13.3B: Distribution of Youth who live with one parents by zone and the Reasons
Table 13.4A: Distribution of Youth who live with Guardians by zone and the Reasons
Table 13.4B: Distribution of Youth who live with Guardians by zone and the Reasons
Table 14.1: Distribution of Youth who experienced environmental concerns by zone
Table 14.2A: Distribution of Youth who experienced environmental concerns by zone and
Type of Environmental Concerns
Table 14.2B: Distribution of Youth who experienced environmental concerns by zone and
Type of Environmental Concerns
Table 14.3A: Distribution of Youth who are involved in the effort to convert the environmental
degradation by zone and sex
Table 14.3B: Distribution of Youth who are involved in the effort to convert the environmental
degradation by zone and sex
Table 14.4: Distribution of Youth who are involved in the effort to convert the environmental
degradation by zone

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Table 14.5A: Distribution of Youth who are involved in the effort to convert the environmental
degradation by zone, sex and Level of involvement
Table 14.5B: Distribution of Youth who are involved in the effort to convert the environmental
degradation by zone, sex and Level of involvement
Table 15.1: Distribution of Youth who operate Non Farm Enterprise by zone and sex
Table 15.2: Distribution of Youth who operate Non Farm Enterprise by zone
Table 15.3: Distribution of Youth Average Start up Capital and Annual Sales Turnover by zone
Table 15.4: Distribution of maximum Youth Start up Capital and Annual Sales Turnover by
zone
Table 15.5: Distribution of Youth with Registered business by zone
Table 15.6A: Distribution of Youth with Legal business status by zone and sex
Table 15.6B: Distribution of Youth with Legal business status by zone and sex
Table 15.7A: Distribution of Youth with Legal business status by zone
Table 15.7B: Distribution of Youth with Legal business status by zone
Table 15.8: Distribution of Youth with source of fund by zone

Table 15.9: Distribution of Youth with access to bank finances by zone and sex
Table 15.10: Distribution of Youth with access to bank finances by zone

Table 15.11: Distribution of Youth with reason to inaccessibility to bank finances by zone
Table 15.12: Distribution of Youth who employ staff by zone and sex
Table 15.13 Distribution of Youth who employ staff by zone
Table 15.14: Distribution of Youth’s export products by zone
Table 15.15: Distribution of Youth with Business plan by zone and sex
Table 15.16: Distribution of Youth with Business plan by zone
Table 15.17: Distribution of Youth with Average Business plan year by zone
Table 15.18: Distribution of Youth with Business Training by zone and sex
Table 15.19: Distribution of Youth with Business Training by zone
Table 15.20: Distribution of Youth by who gave the training and zone
Table 15.21: Distribution of Youth by areas of training received and zone
Table 15.22: Distribution of Youth by areas of training needed, zone and sex
Table 15.23: Distribution of Youth by areas of training needed and zone
Table 15.24: Distribution of Youth that received support from Government by zone and sex
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Table 15.25A: Distribution of Youth that received support from Private by zone and sex
Table 15.25B: Distribution of Youth that received support from Private by zone and sex

Table 15.26: Distribution of Youth that received support from Private by zone
Table 15.27A: Distribution of Youth by Type of support received from Private and zone
Table 15.27B: Distribution of Youth by Type of support received from Private and zone
Table 15.28: Distribution of Youth by major challenge faced in their enterprises and zone

[xvii]
 Foreword
It is an established fact that the youth constitutes the most productive component of a nation’s
population. The economic development of a country therefore has a direct relationship with
the level of youth development and integration in the nation’s economy. Giving these facts,
the youth is basically regarded as an indispensable building block in planning for sustainable
economic growth and development of any society. Essentially, youth, being the prime element
of the population of a country, provides a robust foundation for both present and future
economic growth and societal renaissance.
Hence, it is undesirable when a country fails to factor youth development into its national
development strategy. However, in mainstreaming youth into national development strategy,
some basic information with regard to the youth is needed to develop youth related policies
and programmes.
In Nigeria, the youth comprises the largest part of the population. However, many of them are
not meaningfully engaged in productive economic activities due to the prevailing socio-
economic environment over the years. This has made the youth vulnerable to all sorts of social
vices with some of them readily available to be used for political violence, crimes, ethnic
disputes etc. As part of efforts to generate empirical data to inform policy decisions related to
youth development, and to support policy strategies for improving their access to career-
oriented employment; as well as, to provide an evidence-based advocacy, the Federal Ministry
of Youth and Sports Development in 2020, funded a National Survey on youth, which was
conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics.
This Report presents the findings and results of the Survey; the report provide vital information
for policy making and evidence-based advocacy and planning for youth related development.
The Report covers youth employment, education, health, sports, politics, drugs and crime, as
well as migration. With the recent unprecedented demand for improved data in developing
countries and the new focus on youth development agenda, this publication provides the needed
data on youth.

[xviii]
It is our expectation, therefore, that the contents of the Report would provide a broader view
of the characteristics of the Nigerian youth. The report which spans 162 pages mainly targets
the needs of policy makers, the general reading public, investors, researchers and students who
may be interested in understanding the dynamics of the Nation’s youth development
challenges. I hereby present to you the publication of the National Survey on Youth, 2020.

Mr Nebeolisa Anako
Permanent Secretary
Federal Ministry of Youth & Sports Development, Nigeria
June, 2021

[xix]
 Preface

The National Youth Survey, 2020 is a collaborative effort between the Federal Ministry of
Youth and Sports Development (FMYSD) and National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). The report
is also a follow up on the National Baseline Youth Survey 2012 version, as the NBS attempts
to fulfil its mandate of providing credible and comprehensive statistics on all levels of the
country. Furthermore, the report enhances the ability of policy makers and other stakeholders
to improve the efficacy of policies they put forward through the use of evidence based data.
This broad based report includes detailed information on various socioeconomic characteristics
of the youth in the country. Information is provided on a wide range variables such as:
Demographic Characteristics of all Households, Water and Sanitation in Households, Youth
Educational Attainment, Youth access to health-care, Youth Involvement in Agriculture,
Youth Employment Situation, Youth Participation in Politics and Decision Making, Youth
Information and Communication Technology/Computer Proficiency, Youth Conflict
Prevention/Peace Building, Youth Involvement in Sports and Recreation, Youth Migration,
Youth and Environment and Youth and Non-Farm Enterprises was considered in the report.

I therefore thank the Honourable Minister for Youth and Sports Development, the Permanent
Secretary (Federal Ministry of Youth and Sports Development), the Directorate and
Management for the high level of commitment exhibited to ensure the success of the project. I
also commend the Demography and Social Statistics Department of National Bureau of
Statistics for a job well done. I strongly believe that the output of this work, will no doubt find
relevance in several policy circles, development and research institutions, training
establishments, international development partners as well as the youths themselves, who are
the ultimate beneficiaries of these and similar initiatives.

Dr. Yemi Kale

Statistician-General of the Federation & CEO
National Bureau of Statistics, Abuja.
June, 2021

[xx]
 Acknowledgement

The information contained in this report is drawn from the data collected on the just concluded
national youth survey 2020. The project was led by National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) in
collaboration with the Federal Ministry of Youth and Sports Development (FMYSD).

The National Bureau of Statistics would like to express our deep and sincere appreciation and
gratitude to the Honorable Minister (FMYSD), Chief Sunday Dare for his immense support for
the project. We also acknowledge the contribution of the Permanent Secretary (FMYSD), Mr
Nebeolisa Anako for his comments and concern on the project. The Bureau appreciation also
goes to the former Permanent secretary (FMYSD), Mr Olusade Adesola and Mr Gabriel
Tanimu Aduda for their encouraging roles in making the project see the light of the day.
The Bureau also appreciate the technical roles and support of some key staff of FMYSD right
from the planning and preparatory stage which serve as a bedrock to the success of the survey;
Mr Ogaba Ede Director (EYD), Mr Kabiru Mohamed Deputy Director (EYD), Mr segun Oke
Director (Procurement), Mr Micheal Ngwaogu Deputy Director (EYD), Mrs Ochoga Ese
PYDO (EYD) who put in a great deal of effort and time to ensure that the survey saw the light
of the day.

The Bureau also wish to appreciate the high level of dedication of the survey implementation
team in NBS during the training, data collection and monitoring of the field work. Special
thanks goes to Dr Yemi Kale the Statistician General of the Federation for his general
coordination of the project and also Mr Tunde Adebayo Adebisi (Director, Demography and
Social Statistics Department & Project Director) who brought his wealth of experience to
ensure high level of coordination, Mr Elijah Fafunmi (Director,ICT), Mr Ademola Adegbie
(Head DSD), Mr N.D. Wakili and Dr Surajudeen Abolade (Project Manager). Many thanks
also goes to Mrs Yemi Oloyede (Branch Head Gender Statistics) Mr Austen Anyakora (Head
SSD), Mr Samsudeen Lawal (ICT Department) and the entire staff of the Demography and
Social Statistics Department. Our appreciations also goes to the team of consultants that
facilitated the report writing; Mr S.B Adebayo, Alhaji Muritala Salami, Mr Rahman Busari and
Mr Patrick Ofili

Conclusively, we will also want to specially thank the respondents of all households including
those who took part by giving their precious time to assist with, facilitate or participate in the
entire process and stages of the survey.

[xxi]
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

After about a decade of the publication of the national baseline statistical survey of Nigeria
youths, the Federal Ministry of Youth and Sports Development (FMYSD) in collaboration with
the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) have considered it imperative to conduct another round
of National Youth Statistical Survey. This report is a follow up to the National Baseline Youth
Survey of 2012 and its aimed at covering the void created by long time absence of up to date
data needs of policy makers by providing credible and comprehensive statistics on Nigeria
youths at all levels which is expected to enhance the quality of policies formulated in respect
of Nigeria youths.

The survey is expected to provide useful data for the design and development of youth-specific
programmes by the Federal Ministry of Youth and Sports Development and other partners in
the country. Hence the objectives include the following:

 Generate socioeconomic data on youth to inform policy decisions and guide their
implementation.
 Provide evidence based data that would help identify and strengthen the role of youth in
national development.
 Provide data for expanding the role of youth in society in order to enhance their
contribution to security of their community, state and nation at large.
 Identify various potentials of youths in sports and other recreational activities.
 Provide an evidence-based advocacy tool on behalf of the youth.
 Provide government and other stakeholders with useful data that shall lead to developing
young people's employability to ensure their successful transition to the labour market and
strategies for improving their access to career oriented employment.
 Provide data that would update the 2012 Baseline National Youth Survey Indices

The reporting domain was at the national level and across the six (6) geo-political zones of the
federation. Four (4) replicates representing forty (40) Enumeration Area (EA) were selected in
each of the reporting domain within the zone using a systematic sample selection procedure.
The EAs selected where updated and Household Listing Exercise was carried out for the
compilation and construction of up-to-date frame of households in each of the EA selected
across the zones. The selection of the ultimate sampling units - the households and the eligible
respondents were randomly and systematically carried out using “Kish” Method of Sample
[xxii]
selection. However, fifteen (15) households were selected per Enumeration Areas (EA). In
each of the household, “Kish” Sample selection method was adopted to select the eligible
respondents within each household. A maximum of two eligible respondents were selected in
each household.

This Survey covered all the six (6) geo-political zones of the Federation. The geo-political
zones are North Central, North East, North West, South East, South- South and South West.
The target population canvassed was the youths aged 15 - 35 years, with the sampling domain
being the households and some institutions such as Police Command headquarters as well as
National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) in each Zone.

The subject-areas of interest canvassed during the survey include:

 Demographic Characteristics of all household members

 Household characteristics of respondents
 Water and sanitation
 Educational attainment of all household members aged 15 - 35 years
 Youth access to health-care
 Youth involvement in agriculture
 Information and Communication Technology/computer proficiency of all household
members aged 15 - 35 years
 Conflict prevention/Peace building of all household members aged 15 - 35 years
 Involvement in Sport and Recreation of all household members aged 15 - 35 years
 Migration of all household members aged 15 - 35 years
 Non-Farm Enterprises for all household members 15 - 35 years.

The result of the survey revealed that males constituted 50.8 percent of the total population,
while the females accounted for 49.2 percent. Further analysis indicates that among the male
population, 53.4 percent were in age group 36 years and above which is the highest followed
by persons in age group 0 - 14 years with 52 percent while persons aged 15 - 35 years had
48.5 percent. Furthermore, among the female population, 51.5 percent were in the age group
15 - 35 years which is the highest among the female population followed by age group 0 - 14
years with 48 percent while female in age group 36 years plus accounted for only 46.6
percent.

[xxiii]
Out of the age group of married youths, 65.7 percent were female youth, while 34.3 per cent
were male youth. Rate of “Divorce” and “Separated” were higher among the female youths
(63.3 percent and 78 percent) respectively. For those who were “Never Married”, male youth
had 60.5 percent against female youth 39.5 percent.

Youth from North West contracted more Court Marriages (32.2 percent), more Religious
Marriages (26.3 percent) and more Customary Marriages (40.6 percent); youth from South
West contracted more mutual agreement form of marriage (67.1 percent), while youth from
North East had less than 1 percent for both customary and court (ordinance) marriage.

The results of the survey revealed that 70.2 percent of households use safe water for drinking.
Also when water is not available on the premises, Adult female (52 percent) are mainly
responsible for collecting water. Although, Adult male (30.4 percent) in the households also
fetch water, 10 percent of the “Female child under 15 equally fetches water and 6.1 percent
male child under 15 fetches water.

Only 14.1 percent of the households interviewed treat their drinking water while exactly 85.9
percent of households reported not using any form of water treatment.

Nigerian households (77.7 percent) uses more open fire for cooking than open stove (13.9
percent) and close stove (8.1 percent) respectively. A very small proportion of households (16.5
percent) nationally responded that their stove had hood or chimney.

The survey result shows that 40.7 per cent of household “cooks outdoors”, 31.9 percent of the
households “cooks in the building” while 27.2 percent of the households “cooks in a separate
building or room” at the national level

It is revealed that out of the total number of youths that were “Never in School”, more female
youths (62.6 percent) compared to their males’ counterpart (37.4 percent) was recorded.
Among the male youths, (55.1 percent) reported that they are “Now in School” compared to
44.9 percent female youths. Only 48.7 percent of male youth were in school “Before but not
now” while 51.3 percent of female youths reported same

Result shows that 15.3 percent of Nigeria youth had primary school as their highest of level
education, 67.9 percent of educated youths had their highest level of education as secondary
level while 16.8 percent reported post-secondary school level.

[xxiv]
Across the zone, North East recorded the highest percentage of youths (80.7 percent) patronage
of Private Dispensary/Hospital followed by North Central with 71.5 percent. The story was at
variance in other four zones; South East, South-South, North West and South-West with more
access to community health centre.

Youth from South East reported that more than 60 percent of them covered less than one (1)
kilometer from their residence to health facilities while 20.6 percent of youths in South West
zone reported that the health care facilities is less than one kilometer from their residence.
From South West more youth (20.8 percent) reported that the health facilities are more than
five (5) kilometer from their residence while 2.7 percent of youths from the South East made
similar claim.
North West reported the highest percentage of youths engaged in crop farming (32.4 percent)
followed by North East (20.4 percent) and South West (14.2 percent). In livestock farming,
North East (44.7 percent) had the highest percentage of youths in the activity followed by North
Central (20.6 percent) and North West (19.7 percent). In poultry farming North Central (32
percent) of youths are involved in the activity, followed by North East (27.8 percent) and South
East (15.9 percent). South West reported the highest percentage (53.5 percent) in Fishing
Forestry is more in South West (92.6 percent) than other zones in the country.
The result shows that 52.6 percent of youths worked as employee while 47.4 percent of youth
as employers across the six Geo-Political zones.

Among youths employed 50.6 percent were male while 49.4 percent were female across all
zones. Furthermore North East reported highest percentage of male employment (70.3 percent),
followed by North West (58.2 percent) and South East (58 percent)} were more in employment
than their female counterparts while in the South South (57.5 percent) and North Central (54.7
percent) of female youths were more in employments than their male counterparts.
Report from zones indicate that 26.3 percent of youth in North West could not secure job
followed by South West (23.4 percent) while North-East and South-South (14 .2 percent) and
(14 percent) respectively could not secure job. In the same vein, Youths in South East
(12.5percent) and North Central (9.5 percent) were unemployed.

Among youths with computer literacy, 54 percent were males and 46 per cent females. South
East and South South have 50 and 51 per cent of their computer literate youths as females

[xxv]
respectively, while North West has the least percentage of computer-literate female youths (19
percent). Most youths in Nigeria (95 percent) can surf the internet, while less than half (45.1
percent) have knowledge of word processing. Youths that are certified IT professional are 4.7
percent.

At the National level only 1.64 percent of youth have one form of training in Conflict
Prevention. Of this, males (56.8 percent) are involved in conflict preventions training while
females were only 43.2 percent. Among youths who are involved in conflict prevention, 44.5
percent indicated they were involved at ward level; 50 percent at community level; 3.2 percent
and 1.9 percent at LGA and State levels respectively.

Out of the youth involved in Conflict Prevention, 46.1 percent of them were involved in
Civil/Household type while 38 percent were political conflicts; 8.8 percent and 7.2 percent
were Boundary dispute and religious crises respectively.

Nationally, more males (74.1 per cent) than females (24.9 per cent) were involved in recreation
and sporting activities. Also a higher proportion (89 per cent) of males compared to only 11
per cent females are engaged in professional sporting activities.

Findings show that more Nigerian youths (81.6 percent) did not reside at their home states at
the time of the survey. Of this, 52.3 percent were females. Most (60.2 percent) Nigerian youths’
movements are tied to family reasons. Sizeable proportion (24.4 percent) of them moved as a
result of transfer, while 8.9 percent of youth’s movement is attributed to ‘search for job’.

Findings reveal that more female youths (65.4 percent) operated business enterprises than their
male counterpart .North West had the highest female youths (82.9 percent) followed by South
South (73.5 percent) and South East (42.4 percent) had the least female youths.
The most common type of legal Business Enterprise is sole proprietorship, only 1.5 percent of
the youths were into partnership, 0.3 percent were into private liability and 7.4 percent are of
other businesses. Nationally, 34.5 percent of youths sourced fund through Government Grants
to set up their business enterprises, 9.7 percent of them used their personal savings, 15.1 percent
sourced fund through cooperative thrift while 2.4 percent of them obtained loan to start up their
business enterprises. In respect of challenges faced in business management; 86.1 percent of
the youths said they are facing challenges. Some youths (4.9 percent) face challenge of
Inconsistency in Government policies; others are facing challenges of obsolete of their

[xxvi]
equipment and very few of them (3 percent) were facing problem of not having proper training
on their businesses.

[ii]
 Chapter One

1.0 Introduction

The policy goal of youth in Nigeria is to provide an appropriate framework that protects the
fundamental human rights of all youth, promote their optimal development and well-being and
enhance their participation in every sphere of national development processes. In this regard,
the 2019 edition of the National Youth Policy broadly targets all young people in Nigeria
between the ages of 15 to 29 years while recognizing that youth are not a homogeneous group
in terms of needs and circumstances. The youth policy is aimed at providing a basis for
interventions to appropriately address the specific and special needs of each of several
identified target groups classified such as low-risk youth, especially vulnerable youth and most-
at-risk youth. In order to effectively measure the impact of the interventions on the strategic
goals and objectives, there is need to produce relevant, robust, credible, timely and reliable
statistics to guide the implementation of various interventions programmes and projects on
youths in Nigeria.

Generally, several indicators attested to the precarious situations and unfulfilled potentials of
global youth with regard to socioeconomic development and inclusion. These commitments of
socioeconomic developments and inclusion had been linked to Sustainable Development Goal
8; promoting sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive
employment and decent work for all especially the youth; will not be met unless action is
taken to address the fact that youth are still far more likely than their adult counterparts to be
unemployed, underemployed, employed in the informal sector or among the working poor.
“Not in Employment, Education and Training” (NEET) rates for youth worldwide are currently
around 30 percent for young women and 13 per cent for young men (ILO, 2019).

In order to address these unfulfilled potentials of youth with respect to socioeconomic

development and inclusion in Nigeria, the Federal Ministry of Youth and Sports Development
was created in January 2007, on the realization of the growing significance and contributions
of Youth to national development. Nigeria has a large youthful population, about 28.76 per
cent of the total population is below the age of 15 years and 45.46 percent are between the ages
of 15 -35 years, given an estimated total population of about 209.6 million people in 2021. If
these two groups are taken together, the population of Nigerians 35 years and below is 74.22
percent of the entire population. In absolute terms, there are more young people in Nigeria

[1]
today than any other segment of the population and this comes with its peculiar social and
economic implications.

Based on the social and economic implications the Ministry designed the 2019 National
Youth Policy, which defines Youth as all young people in Nigerian between the ages of 15 –
29 years. Furthermore, the African Youth Charter recognizes Youth as people between ages
of 15 - 35 years.

The high population of youth in Nigeria comes with its own peculiar social and economic
implications which informed the conduct of this survey due to dearth of sufficient and reliable
data on youth in Nigeria. The Ministry of Youth and Sports Development had relied only on
the baseline youth survey data result conducted in 2012 which is obsolete and would not be
adequate enough to help in addressing the unfulfilled potentials of the youth’s socioeconomic
development and inclusion. As we all are aware, statistics remain an indispensable tool in
policy formulation and implementation, as well as monitoring and evaluation of policies and
programmes of which youth policy is not an exemption. Young people are key actors and a
driving force for global development and peace. They are critical partners in the development
of nations and their contribution to society must be measured in terms of productive pursuits
of service to humanity. The Youths are Nigeria’s foremost social capital and require proper
monitoring.

In 2012, the Federal Ministry of Youth and Sports Development in collaboration with the
National Bureau of Statistics carried out a Baseline National Youth Survey with the objective
of providing useful data for the design and development of youth-specific programmes by the
Federal Ministry of Youth and Sports Development and other stakeholders in the country. The
result of the baseline survey also, produced a baseline indices window to assess the welfare of
the young people and also provide empirical facts on the state of the youth in the nation. The
National Youth Survey 2021 is expected to build on the outputs of the Baseline Survey to
measure and evaluate the impact of youth development as well as incorporate more
comprehensive and germane indicators for the measurement of prevailing youth concerns in
the country. Assuredly, the Federal Ministry of Youth and Sports Development is desirous of
implementing more effective and proactive strategies that will have significant impacts on the
youth situation in the country especially with the prevailing circumstances. This study therefore
revealed the condition of young people in Nigeria in the areas of employment, educational
levels, skill acquisition and entrepreneurship, health status, ICT knowledge and others.
[2]
Presently, Nigerian youths are severely hampered by a number of challenges and are unable to
attain their full potential which resulted in the recent “EndSars Protest” and lots of criminal
vices like kidnapping, banditry, abductions, herdsmen/farmers clashes, insurgencies etc
ravaging the country today.

1.1 Survey Objectives

The survey would provide useful data for the design and development of youth-specific
programmes by the Federal Ministry of Youth and Sports Development and other partners in
the country. Significantly the study would among other objectives achieve:

 Generate socioeconomic data on youth to inform policy decisions and guide their
implementation.
 Provide evidence based data that would help identify and strengthen the role of youth in
national development.
 Provide data for expanding the role of youth in society to enhance their contribution to
security of their community, state and nation at large.
 Identify various potentials of youths in sports and other recreational activities.
 Provide an evidence-based advocacy tool on behalf of the youth.
 Provide government and other stakeholders with useful data that shall lead to developing
young people's employability to ensure their successful transition to the labour market and
strategies for improving their access to career oriented employment.
 Provide data that would update the 2012 Baseline National Youth Survey Indices

[3]
 Chapter Two
Survey Design and Methodology
2.0 Sample Design
The frame of Enumeration Areas (EAs) of 2006 Housing and population Census conducted by
National Population Commission (NpopC) was used. The National Integrated Survey of
Households (NISH) 2014/2019 Master Sample Frame (MSF) was adopted for the survey.
However, the NISH 2014/2019 Master Sample was constructed from LGA Master Sample
which may be called Master Frame. To select the NISH sub-sample of EAs in each state, the
30 Master Sample EAs in each LGA for that state were pooled together. Hence, the total
number of EAs in the LGA Master Sample for each state is equal to 30 times the number of
the LGA in the state except in FCT, Abuja where it is 40 times.

Thereafter, a systematic sample of 200 EAs was selected with equal probability across all
LGAs within the states. The National Integrated survey of Household (NISH) EAs in each state
was divided into 20 replicates of 10 EAs each.

However, in 2020 National Youth Survey, the reporting domain was at the national level and
sub-national of the six (6) geo-political zones of the federation. Four (4) replicates representing
forty (40) EAs were selected in each of the reporting domain within the zone using a systematic
sample selection procedure. The EAs selected where updated and Household Listing Exercise
was carried out for the compilation and construction of up-to-date frame of households in each
of the EA selected across the zones. The selection of the ultimate sampling units - the
households and the eligible respondents were randomly and systematically carried out using
“Kish” Method of Sample selection. However, fifteen (15) households were selected per
Enumeration Areas (EA). In each of the household, “Kish” Sample selection method was
adopted to select the eligible respondents within each household. A maximum of two eligible
respondents was selected in each household.

2.1 Coverage

This Survey covered all the six (6) geo-political zones of the Federation. The geo-political
zones are North Central, North East, North West, South East, South- South and South West.
The target population canvassed was the youths aged 15 - 35 years, with the sampling domain

[4]
being the households and some institutions such as Police Command headquarters as well as
National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) in each Zone.

2.2 Scope

The subject-areas of interest canvassed during the survey include:

 Identification Section for the households and Institutions

 Demographic Characteristics of all household members
 Household characteristics of respondents
 Water and sanitation
 Educational attainment of all household members aged 15 - 35 years
 Youth access to health-care
 Knowledge and attitude about HIV/AIDS for all household members aged 15 - 35 years
 Youth involvement in agriculture
 Employment situation for all household members aged 15-35 years
 Youth participation in politics and decision making
 Information and Communication Technology/computer proficiency of all household
members aged 15 - 35 years
 Conflict prevention/Peace building of all household members aged 15 - 35 years
 Involvement in Sport and Recreation of all household members aged 15 - 35 years
 Migration of all household members aged 15 - 35 years
 Family life for all household members 15 - 35 years.
 Youth and Environment
 Non-Farm Enterprises for all household members 15 - 35 years.

2.3 Training for Fieldwork

The training /briefing for the survey was implemented at two levels. The 1st level was the
training of trainers (TOT) while the 2nd level was the Zonal-level training. The TOT was held
in Abuja and it involved 18 trainers/monitors and the technical working group from National
Bureau of Statistics (NBS). It lasted for two (2) days.

The zonal-level training was held across the six (6) geo-political zones of the federation. This
training involved the interviewers, supervisors, and the zonal controllers and independent
monitors respectively. It equally lasted for two (2) days.
[5]
2.4 Fieldwork Arrangement for Data Collection

The fieldwork and data collection arrangements for the survey are as follows;

 Thirty (30) teams were constituted per Zone

 A team comprised of two (2) enumerators
 One (1) supervisor was assigned to manage two teams
 A team covered eight (8) enumeration areas (EAs)
 The teams moved in a roving manner during the fieldwork
The fieldwork lasted for ten (10) days including travel time

2.5 Monitoring/Quality Check and Coordination

Field monitoring/quality check exercise was also carried out by eighteen (18) monitors from
NBS headquarter staff in the six (6) geo-political zones of the federation during the period of
data collection as part of the quality assurance measures . The overarching objective of the
monitoring exercise was to ensure high quality data collected from the field which should pave
way for credible and reliable data output. Those involved included NBS monitors from
Headquarters, independent monitors and six (6) NBS zonal controllers. The exercise lasted for
two (2) days for NBS Headquarters monitoring officers, independent monitors five (5) days
while the zonal controllers monitored throughout the duration of the fieldwork.

[6]
 Chapter Three
Demographic and Household Characteristics
3.0 General Demography
The composition of a country’s population in terms of gender and age, is formed as a result of
the natural movement indices. As the natural indices increases, the proportion of the young
people in the population increases and vice versa. However, this pattern may be disrupted as a
result of migration processes, insurgencies and wars. An indicator of the average median age
is a clear expression of the population age structure. The lower the average mean age, the
younger the nation is demographically. Conversely, if the mean age is high, the nation is at a
stage of demographic ageing. The age structure of the population is also affected by the average
life expectancy ratio. If this ratio is high, it indicates that the nation’s socioeconomic conditions
and health care status are at a high level; it also means that the proportion of elderly in the
population is increasing.

3.1 Household Characteristics (Age Group)

The impact of demographic variables is usually reflected in the size, rate of growth, age
structure, headship and geographical distribution of a population. These could be influenced
by socioeconomic development through health, education, economic and welfare programmes.

The result of this survey revealed that males in Nigeria constituted 50.8 percent of the
population, while the females accounted for 49.2 percent nationally across all age group
distributions as shown in figure 3.1a.

Fig.3.1a: Percentage Distribution of Household

Members by Age Group and Sex (National)

49.2% Male
50.8% Female

Further disaggregation of the distribution in figure 3.1b indicates that 53.4 percent of male
persons in age group 36 years plus accounted for the highest population, followed by male
persons in age group 0 - 14 years with 52 percent of the population while the male persons

[7]
aged 15 - 35 years had 48.5 percent of the population. Relatively, 51.5 percent of the female in
age group 15 - 35 years accounted for the highest population of the female; followed by female
in age group 0 - 14 years with 48 percent while female in age group 36 years plus accounted
for 46.6 percent.

Fig.3.1b: Percentage Distribution of Household

Members by Age Group and Sex
54
Percentage Valuele

52
50
48
46 Male
44 Female
42
0-14 years 15-35 Years 36 years plus
Age Group

Nigeria has a large youthful population. The National Youth Policy of 2019 defines ‘Youth’ as
a Nigerian citizen between the ages 15- 29 years. However, the African Charter Youth Age
bracket is 15-35 years, which informed the definition of youth in this survey. The total
population of youth aged (15 - 35) years in this survey was estimated as 95,315,144 million
with females youth constituting 51.5 percent (48,538,374) and male youth accounted for 48.5
percent (46,776,769) of the youth population.

3.2 Age Group and Sex

The percentage distribution of male/female within each age group is shown in Table 3.3. It
was generally found that the female/male ratio was higher in all the age groups except in the
case of 15-19 years where the youth male (51.5 percent) showed a higher ratio than the youth
female.
Figure 3.2b further shows the distribution of youth aged 18 - 35 years by age group and sex,
51.6 percent were female while 48.4 percent were male. Among the age group 26 - 30 years
the female youths (53.1 percent) were more than the male while age group 31- 35 years had
more male youth (50.5 percent) than the female counterpart.

[8]
 Fig 3.2b Percentage Distribution of Youth Aged 18 - 35
by Age Group and Sex
Percentage Value
54
52
50
48
46 Male
44
42 Femal e
18-20 21-25 26-30 31-35
Age Group and Sex

Figure 3.2c presents the percentage distribution of youth aged 15 - 35 years by age group and
sectors (urban and rural). The figure shows that nationally, 78.8 percent of the youth domiciled
in the rural areas while only 21.2 percent of youth lives in the urban areas.

Fig.3.2c: Percentage Distribution of Youth 15 - 35 by

Sector (Urban and Rural)

21.2%

Urban

78.8% Rural

Also in figure 3.2d among the age groups, 30 - 35 years had more youths (82 percent) that
lives in rural areas, followed by youths (81.6 percent) in age group 25-29 years, also youth
(76.3 percent) in age group 20 - 24 years while youth (74.5 percent) in age group 15 -19 years
had the least youth. On the other hand, less than 30 percent youths lives in urban areas in each
of the age group.

[9]
 Fig.3.2d: Percentage of Youth Aged 15 - 35 by Age Group
and Sector
90
80
Percentage Value

70
60
50
40 Urban
30
Rural
20
10
0
15-19 20-24 25-29 30-35
Age Group and Sector

The population distribution of youth aged 15-35 years across the six geo-political zones of the
federation in Nigeria by age group and sex revealed that South West had the highest youth
population with 23,758,879, followed by North West 20,773,698, while North East zone has
the least youth population of 11,255,079. The table equally revealed that the population of
female is greater than that of male across the zones except in the North West. Further dis-
aggregation of the data by age indicates that in the North Central, age group 15 - 19 years has
the highest population of youths with 2,053,781 while age group 25 - 29 years (1,439,697) has
the lowest population amongst the age group in the zone; also in North West, age group 30 -
35 years has the highest population of youth with 6,812,409 while age group 20 - 24 years has
the least population of the youths with 4,024,278 within the zone. See Table 3.6a, 3.6b, 3.6c in
Annex

3.3 Marital Status and Forms of Marriage

Marital Status of the youths was grouped into five mutually-exclusive categories:

These are:

 Married: Couples living together having their marriage contracted either in Court of law
according to custom/tradition, Religious centre (church/mosque) or based on Mutual
agreement to live together as husband and wife.
 Divorced: A legally complete separation of already contracted marriage
 Separated: This is an already contracted marriage but due to some reasons the couple have
separated and not living together. This form of marriage cannot be regarded as divorce

[10]
 since there is no legal backing for not living together as a couple, hence they could still
come back and live together.
 Widowed: This is a situation where one of the couple is dead.
 Never Married: These are single youths expecting marriage at any time.
Fig 3.3a shows the marital status of youth aged 15-35 years by sex. It revealed at a glance that
more female youth were involved in all categories of marriage than their male youth
counterpart except those who were “Never Married”. Out of the married youths, 65.7 percent
of the female youth were married, while only 34.3 percent of the male youth were married.
Rate of “Divorce” and “Separated” were higher among the female youths (63.3 percent and 78
percent) than the male youths with just (36.7 percent and 22 percent) respectively. For those
who were “Never Married”, male youths had 60.5 percent and female youths 39.5 percent.

Fig. 3.3a: Percentage Distribution of Youth by Marital

100 Status and Sex
80
Percentage Value

60

40 Male

20 Female

0
Married Divorced Separated Never Married
Marital Status

The forms of marriage contracted by married youths were grouped as either:

 Ordinance Marriage: form of marriage which took place in Court;

 Customary Marriage: that is referred to as traditional form of marriage perform according
to the laws and customs of the people.
 Mutual agreement: Is a form of marriage where no formal/legal marriage contracted
outside the Court/Ordinance, Religious or Customary, but the couple came to agreement
informally to live together as husband and wife
 Religious Marriage: is a form of marriage contracted in any of the religious institutions
(Christian or Islam).
Figure 3.3b presents the percentage distribution of youth by zone and forms of marriages where
youths from North West respectively contracted more Court Marriages (32.2 percent), more
[11]
Religious Marriages (26.3 percent) and more Customary Marriages (40.6 percent); while youth
from other zones respectively contracted less than 27 percent Court Marriages, also contracted
less than 25 percent Religious Marriages and less than 30 percent Customary Marriages in each
category. However, more youths (67.1 percent) in south west contracted more mutual
agreement form of marriage than youth from other zones.

Fig.3.3b: Percentage Distribution of Youth by Zone and Forms of

Marriage
80
70
60
50
Percentage Value

Ordinance (Court)
40
Religious
30
Customary
20
Mutual Agreement
10
0
NCZ NEZ NWZ SEZ SSZ SWZ
Zone

3.4 Water and Sanitation

3.4.1 Safe and Unsafe Drinking Water

Safe or unpolluted drinking water is a basic necessity of good health, while unsafe or polluted
water is a veritable source of water borne diseases, such as diarrhea, cholera, typhoid, guinea
worm, schistosomiasis etc. The population of persons who use safe water is constituted by
those who use piped treated water, piped untreated water, tube-well/borehole, public
tap/standpipe with hand pump, bottled water and protected well/spring water. The results of
the survey revealed that 73.3 percent of households use safe water for drinking as shown in fig.
3.4.1

[12]
 Fig. 3.4.1: Percentage Distribution of Households by Main
Source of Drinking Water

Satchet Water
Bottled water
Surface water (river, stream, dam,…
Main Source of Water

Cart with small tank/drum

Tanker-truck
Rainwater collection
Unprotected spring
Protected spring
Unprotected dug well
Protected dug well
Tubewell/borehole
Public tap/standpipe
Piped into yard or plot
Piped into dwelling
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Percentage Value

3.4.2 Fetching of Water in the Household

The results in fig 3.4.2 also show that when water is not available on the premises, it is primarily
Adult female (52percent) who are mainly responsible for collecting water. Although, Adult
male (30.4 percent) in the households also fetch water in the household, 10 percent of the
“Female child under 15 equally fetches water, 6.1 percent male child under 15 fetches water,
while “1.5 percent “Don’t Know” who fetches water in the household.

[13]
 Fig. 3.4.2: Percentage Distribution of Households by
Who Usually Go to Fetch Water from the Source

6.1% 1.5%

10%
Adult woman
Adult man
Female child (under 15)
52%
30.4% Male child (under 15)
DK

3.4.3 Water Treatment by Household

Improving water quality through certain treatments can help reduce the risk of disease. The
result of this survey shown in figure 3.4.3a indicates percentage distribution of households by
treatment of drinking water. Only 14.1 percent of the households interviewed treats water
before drinking while exactly 85.9 percent of households reported not treating water before
drinking.

Fig.3.4.3a: Percentage Distribution of Households by Who Usually

Treat Water for Safe Drinking

14.1%

Yes
No

85.9%

[14]
At the zonal level, over 70 percent of the households across the zones drink untreated water
while less than 30 percent of the households treat water before drinking across the zone as
shown in figure 3.4.3b.

Fig. 3.4.3b: Percentage Distribution of Households that

Usually Treat Water by Zone
100
90
Percentage Value

80
70
60
50
40 Yes
30 No
20
10
0
NCZ NEZ NWZ SEZ SSZ SWZ
Zone

3.4.4 Source of Fuel for Cooking by Household

Fuel for cooking has an impact on the environment concerning pollution and afforestation
policy. The survey revealed nationally in figure 3.4.4a that Nigerian households (77.7 percent)
uses more open fire for cooking than open stove (13.9 percent) and close stove (8.1 percent)
respectively.

Fig.3.4.4a: Percentage Distribution of of Households that Cooks

with Open Fire or Stove (National)

Closed
Stove,
8.1%
Open Stove,
13.9%
Open Fire
Open Stove
Closed Stove

Open Fire,
77.7%

[15]
Similar pattern of the distribution was recorded in all the zones, indicating that above 65 percent
of the households across the zones depended mainly on open fire for cooking than stove (open
and close stove) as shown in figure 3.4.4b

Fig. 3.4.4b: Percentage Distribution of Households that

Cooks with Open Fire or Stove by Zone
100
90
Percentage Value

80
70
60
50 Open Fire
40
Open Stove
30
20 Closed Stove
10
0
NCZ NEZ NWZ SEZ SSZ SWZ
Zone

3.4.5 Chimney or Hood

A very small proportion of households (16.5 percent) nationally responded that their stove had
hood or chimney while large proportion of households (83.5 percent) reported that their stoves
had no hood as shown in figure 3.4.5a.

Fig.3.4.5a: Percentage Distribution of Households

that have Chimney or Hood in their Stove

16.5%

Yes
No
83.5%

[16]
Also, similar pattern of the distribution was recorded across the zones, indicating that less than
30 percent of the households in all the zones had “hood” in their stoves, while over 70 percent
of the households had “no hood” in their stoves. See figure 3.4.5b

Fig.3.4.5b: Percentage Distribution of Household that

have Chimney or Hood in their Stove by Zone
100
90
Percentage Value

80
70
60
50
40 Yes
30 No
20
10
0
NCZ NEZ NWZ SEZ SSZ SWZ
Zone

3.4.6 Cooking in the Household

The survey result presented in figure 3.4.6a showed that 40.7 per cent of household “cooks
outdoor”, 31.9 percent of the households “cooks in the building” while 27.2 percent of the
households “cooks in a separate building or room” at the national level.

[17]
 Fig.3.4.6a: Percentage Distribution of Households
that Cooks in the House, in a Separate Building and
Outdoors (National)

45
40 Outdoors, 40.7%
PERCENTAGE VALUE

35 In the house,
30 31.9% In a separate
25 building, 27.2%
20
15
10
5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
NATIONAL

Further disaggregation by zone in figure 3.4.6b indicates that more households (56.7 percent)
“cooks outdoor” in North Central compare to other zones, followed by households (50.7
percent) in South East, households (38.1 percent) in South South, households (36.9 percent) in
South West, households (34.4 percent in North East and finally households (34.2 percent) in
North West. On the other hand, more households (52.9 percent) “cooks in a separate building”
in North West, followed by households (32.1 percent) in South-South and North Central had
the least households (8.7 percent) that cooks in a separate building. Finally, North East had the
highest percentage of households (45.3 percent) that “cooks in the house”, followed by
households (43.9 percent) in South West while North West had the least households (12.9
percent) that cooks in the house.

Fig.3.4.6b: Percentage Distribution of Households that

Cooks in the House, in a Separate Building and Outdoors
60
Percentage Value

50
40
30 In the house
20
In a Separate
10 building
0 Outdoors
NCZ NEZ NWZ SEZ SSZ SWZ
Zone

[18]
3.4.7 Toilet System

Conventional means of liquid waste disposal are the use of flush to sewage, flush to septic tank,
covered pit latrine and VIP latrine, while the use of toilet on water, pail/bucket, uncovered pit
latrine and bush/dung hill constitute improper or unconventional means. None availability of
toilet facility in the household leads to the use of bush/dung hill.

Figure 3.4.7 shows the percentage distribution of households by type of toilet facilities by zone.
It shows that more households makes use of conventional type of toilets system than the
unconventional toilet system in most of the zones except in North Central and North West zone
that make use of the unconventional toilet system more than the conventional toilet system.
This implies that sanitation etiquette of Nigerians in terms of proper toilet waste disposal is
still very poor because of the high rate of households who still make use of the unconventional
toilet system across the zone.

Fig.3.4.7: Percentage Distribution of Households

with the Type of Toilet Facility by Zone
30.0

25.0

20.0
Percentage Value

15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0
NCZ NEZ NWZ SEZ SSZ SWZ
Conventional
Zone
Unconventional

Figure 3.4.8a shows the percentage distribution of household that share toilet facility with other
households. The survey result revealed nationally that 34.2 percent of the households share
their toilet facility with other households while 65.8 percent of the household does not share
toilet facility with other households.

[19]
 Fig.3.4.8a: Percentage Distribution of Household that
Share Toilet Facility with other Households (National)

34.2% Yes
No
65.8%

Further disaggregation of the survey result on the distribution of household that share toilet
facility by zone shown in figure 3.4.8b indicates that more households (59.5 percent) in North
Central share toilet facility with other households, followed by household (47 percent) in South
West, then household (31.3 percent) in South South, household (29 percent) in South East, also
household (28 percent) in the North West and only 13.5 percent of the households in the North
East share toilet facility with other households.

Fig. 3.4.8b: Percentage Distribution of Household that

Share Toilet Facility with other Households by Zone
100
Percentage Value

80

60

40 Yes
No
20

0
NCZ NEZ NWZ SEZ SSZ SWZ
Zone

[20]
 Chapter Four
4.0 Youth and Education
Education continues to occupy a pivotal position in all government development programmes.
It engenders the rate of socioeconomic, technological and political advancement of the
citizenry in the country. Education influence positive changes in other sectors of the economy.
Education is a form of learning in which knowledge, skills and habits of a group of people are
transferred from one generation to the next through teaching.

4.1 Youth Attendance in School

Fig 4.1a shows that out of the total number of youths that were “Never in School”, more female
youths (62.6 percent) were “Never in School” compared to their males’ counterpart (37.4
percent) who were equally “Never in School”. Among the male youths, (55.1 percent) reported
that they were “Now in School” while 44.9 percent female youths equally reported likewise
(Now in School). Only 48.7 percent of male youth were in school “Before but not now” while
51.3 percent of female youths reported same (Before but not now).

Fig 4.1a percentage distribution of Youth Aged

15 - 35 by School Attendance and Sex
70
Percentage Value

60
50
40
30 Male
20
Female
10
0
Never Now in School Before but not now
Sex and Attendance

Fig 4.1b shows the percentage distribution of youth aged 15 - 35 years by zone and attendance
in school. The figure shows at a glance that more youth (38.7 percent) in North East “Never
Attended School”, followed by youth in North West (19.8 percent), then 16.3 percent youth
from South West “Never Attended”, also youth that had “Never Attended” in North Central,
South South and South East all had less than 10 percent. South West youth had the highest
percentage of youth that are “Now in school” with 25.2 percent while North East had the least
percentage of youth (7.4 percent) that are “Now in School” across the zone. Equally, more
youth (24 percent) were in “School Before But Not Now” in South West, followed by youth

[21]
(22.8 percent) in North West while other zones had less than 20 percent of the youth that were
“In School Before But Not Now”.

Fig 4.1b: Percentage Distribution of Youth aged

15-35 by zone and School Attendance
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
North Central North East North West South East South South South West

Never Now in School Before but not Now

4.2 Highest Level of Education Attained

Fig.4.2a: Percentage Distribution of Youth by Level of

Education (National)

16.8% 15.3%

Primary
Secondary
67.9% Post Secondary

Figure 4.2a shows the percentage distribution of educated youths by level nationally. Exactly
67.9 percent of educated youths had their highest level of education as secondary level, 16.8
percent of the youth had post-secondary school as their highest level of education while 15.3
percent had primary school as their highest of level education.

[22]
 Fig.4.2b: Percentage Distribution of Youth by Level of
Education and Zone
90.0
78.5
80.0 70.1 68.4
Percentage Value

70.0 65.8 63.8

58.2
60.0
50.0
Primary
40.0
30.0 25.5 26.5 25.2 Secondary
20.5
15.3 15.9 16.6 15.0
20.0 11.0 Post-Secondary
8.7 9.4
10.0 5.6
0.0
NCZ NEZ NWZ SEZ SSZ SWZ
Level of Education and Zone

Figure 4.2b shows the percentage distribution of youth by level of education and zone. Across
the six (6) geo-political zones, over 58 percent of the youth had secondary education as the
highest level reached and less than 30 percent of the youth attained post-secondary in all the
zones while less youth had primary school education as the highest level reached across the
zones respectively.

4.3 Types of Education Attended

In this survey, education was categorized into two: Formal and Informal.
Formal Education is a system of schooling which involve institutionalized teaching and
learning with a curriculum, which itself is established according to a predetermined purpose of
the schools in the system. It takes the forms of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Education.
Informal Education is a general term for education outside of a standard school setting. It can
refer to various forms of alternative education such as home schooling, self-teaching,
correspondences, through mass media, museum, library, from parent and many more.

Figure 4.3a shows the percentage distribution of youth by type of education. The survey result
showed that, 89.5percent of the youths had formal education while 10.5 percent of the youths
received informal education across the country.

[23]
 Fig. 4.3a: Percentage Distribution of Youth by Type of Education

10.5%

Formal Education
Informal Education

89.5%

Figure 4.3b presents the percentage distribution of youth by type of education and sex. The
distribution revealed that more male youths (51.5 per cent) attended or received more “formal
education” than the female youths (48.5 per cent) while the female youth (55.3 percent) were
engaged more in “informal education” than their male counterpart (44.7 percent) respectively.

Fig.4.3b: Percentage Distribution of Youth by Type of

Education and Sex
60.0
50.0
Percentage Value

40.0
30.0
Male
20.0
Female
10.0
0.0
Formal Education Informal Education
Type of Education

According to figure 4.3c which presents the percentage distribution of youth by zone, type of
education and sex, more male youth (55.9 percent) in the North West had more formal
education, followed by male youth (52.6 percent) in the North East, then South West male
youth (51.9 percent), South East and South South male youth had 49.7 percent and 48.6 percent
[24]
respectively of formal education, while female youth of South-South (51.4 percent), female
youth of South East (50.3 percent), female youth of North Central (50.1 percent), female youth
of South West (48.1 percent), female youth of North East (47.4 percent) and female youth of
North West (44.1 percent) had formal education in that percentage order. On the other hand,
more male youth (70.4 percent) in North Central were engaged in informal education, followed
male youth (49.1 percent) in South-South, male youth (45 percent) in North West, South West
male youth (43.4 percent), South East male youth (35.4 percent) and North East male youth
(21.3 percent) while above 50 percent of female youth across all the zone had informal
education except in North Central where only 29.6 percent of the female youth had informal
education.

Fig.4.3d: Percentage Distribution of Youth Aged 15 - 35 by

Zone, Type of Education and Sex
90
80
Percentage Value

70
60
50
40 Formal Education Male
30
20 Formal Education Female
10
0 Informal Education Male
Informal Education Female

Type of Education and Sex

4.4 Youth and Course of Study

This sub-section focuses on the course of study that youths undertake at higher institution
categorized into “currently studying” or “graduated”.
The figure 4.4 reveals that youths (31.2 percent) who are currently studying or graduated in
social sciences are leading other courses, followed by youths (24.9 percent) studying or
graduated in management science courses, while youths (1.5 percent) studying or graduated in
medicine maintain the least favourite course of study or graduated by the youths.

[25]
 FIG. 4.4: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF YOUTH BY COURSE
OF STUDY

35
30
25
PERCENTAGE VALUE

20
15
10
5
0
Percent

COURSE OF STUDY

[26]
 Chapter five

5.0 Youth and Health

Health by definition is a state of physical, mental and social well-being and not to merely the
absence of disease or infirmity. The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is
one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion and
political belief, social or economic condition of the nation.

5.1 Access to Health Care Services

The result of the survey across the zone on accessibility to health care services by the youth
indicates that North East zone reported the highest (80.7 percent) enjoyed the services from
public dispensary hospitals followed by North Central with 71.5 percent. The story was at
variance in other four zones; south-East, south-south, North-West and South-West that enjoyed
health services from community health centre.

Fig. 5.1 Percentage distribution of youths by access to

health facilities and zone
100.0
90.0 Private
80.0 Dispensary/Hospital
70.0
60.0 Public
50.0 Dispensary/Hospital
40.0
30.0 Religious
20.0 Dispensary/Hospital
10.0
0.0 Community Health Centre

Pharmacist/Chemist

5.2 Youths and Distance to Health Facilities

In considering accessibility to health facilities the result shows that youth from south East Zone
have closer access to health facilities than other zone with more than 60 percent of the youths
reported that the health facility is less than one (1) kilometer from their residence while 20.6
percent of youths in south west zone reported that the health care facilities is less than one
kilometer from their residence.

[27]
The figure furthers shows that the health facilities is far from the youths in South West more
than any other zone; south west (20.8 percent) reported that the health facilities are more than
five (5) kilometer from their residence while 2.7 percent of youths from the South East made
similar claim.

Fig. 5.2 Percentage distribution of distance of health

facilities from youth's residence by zone
50.0
45.0
40.0
35.0
30.0
25.0
20.0 1 - 2 Kilometres
15.0 3 - 4 Kilometres
10.0
5.0 5 Kilometres and above
0.0

5.3 Youth and Level of Health Care Facilities

The report indicates that the primary health care facilities are more pronounced than other level
of health care facilities in all the zones; North west (88.7 percent) had the highest youths that
utilizes the primary health care facilities followed by South South (85.1 percent) and south
west had 82.2 percent while South East had the least of youths that make use of the primary
health care facilities.
Also, the south east (37.8 percent) had the highest youths that patronize the secondary health
facilities while North west recorded the least (11.3 percent) of the youths that make use of the
secondary health facilities across the zones.

[28]
 Fig. 5.3 Percentage distribution of youths access to
health care facility by different level and zone
100
90
80
70
60
50
40 Primary
30 Secondary
20
10 Tertiary
0

5.4 Youth and Assessment of Cost of Health Services

The result shows that 69.6 percent of youths nationally viewed the cost of health care services
as being moderate, 17.9 percent considered the services expensive while very small proportion
viewed the health services as very expensive (1.9 percent). Among all the zones, only North
West and South-South reported free health services.

Fig. 5.4 Percentage distribution of youths assessment of

cost of health care services by zone
90
80
70
60
Free
50
40 Low
30
20 Moderate
10 Expensive
0
V.Expensive

[29]
 CHAPTER SIX

6.0 Youth and Agriculture

Over the years, agriculture has been the main driver of Nigeria economy because it has the
highest contribution to the GDP of the country. Some decades back, Northern part of Nigeria
had groundnut Pyramid apart from cotton production, hides and skins while in the south there
was Cocoa production. Most of the populace engages in subsistence farming which cut across
all the zones.

6.1 Youth and type of farming.

Crop farming cut across all the 6 Geo Political zones with North West having the highest
percentage of youths engaged in crop farming (32.4 percent) followed by North East (20.4
percent) and South West (14.2 percent). In livestock farming, North East (44.7 percent) had
the highest percentage of youths in the activity followed by North Central (20.6 percent) and
North West (19.7 percent). The remaining 3 zones engaged less than 10 percent of youths in
livestock production. In poultry farming North Central (32 percent) of youths are involved in
the activity, followed by North East (27.8 percent) and South East (15.9 percent). Fishing
activity by youths is more in South West (53.5 percent) than other zones. Forestry activity by
youths is also more in South West (92.6 percent) than other zones across the country.

Fig. 6.1 Percentage distribution of youth by type of farming

activity and zones
100
80
60
40
20
0
N.Central N.East N.West S.East S.South S .West

Crop Livestock Poultry Fishing Forestry

6.2 Youths and Employment in Agriculture

The result shows that 52.6 percent of youths worked as employee while 47.4 percent of youth
as employers across the six Geo-Political zones.

[30]
North central (67.3 percent) had the highest percentage of youth as employers followed by
South East (64.5 percent) while south west (29.0 percent) had the least percentage of youth as
employer in Agriculture. With respect to employee in agriculture, South West (71 percent)
had the highest of youths that worked as employees followed by South-South (64.9 percent)
while North Central (32.7 percent) had the least of youth engaged as employees in agriculture.

Fig. 6.2 Percentage distribution of youth's employment

status in agriculture by zones
80
70
60
50
40
30 Employers
20
10 Employees
0

6.3 Youth and Access to agricultural Input

Nationally, male youths (61.4 percent) have access to agricultural input in the country than
their female (38.6 percent) counterparts. At the zonal level, the male youths also have access
to agricultural input in most of the zones than the female counterparts except in the south east
where the female youths (61.7 percent) have access to agricultural input than the male (38.3
percent) counterpart.

[31]
 Fig. 6.3 Percentage distribution of youth that have
access to Agricultural inputs by zone
80
70
60
50
40
30 Male
20
10 Female
0

[32]
 Chapter Seven

7.0 Youth and Employment

Young men and women are invaluable asset to the country especially with respect to
socioeconomic development. They bring in their energy, talent and creativity to work in order
to grow the economy. Youths face challenges in the labor market, large number of young
people work long hours for low pay with limited job security and no voice at work.

7.1 Youth in Employment

The result indicates that among youths that were employed 50.6 percent were male while 49.4
percent were female across all zones. Furthermore the report shows that male youths{North
East (70.3 percent), North West (58.2 percent) and South East (58 percent)} were more in
employment than their female counterparts while in the south south (57.5 percent) and North
central (54.7 percent) of female youths were more in employments than their male counterparts.

Fig. 7.1 Percentage distribution of youths in

Employment by zone and sex
80
70
60
50
40
30 Males
20
Females
10
0

[33]
7.2 Youth and Unemployment
The result shows different reasons why youths cannot secure a job .The general over view in
the zones indicate that 26.3 percent of youth in North- West could not secure job followed by
South West ( 23.4percent)while North- West and South –South (14 .2 percent) and( 14 percent)
respectively could not secure job. In the same vein, Youths in South East (12.5 percent) and
North Central (9.5 percent) were unemployed.
The reasons why youth were not engaged in North –West (62.1 percent) was as a result of
sickness while (40.2 percent) of the youth believed that job was not available. In North East
(47.2 percent) of youths were invalid for work followed by North West (33.7 percent) of youths
were not qualified; while South West (29.8percent) of their youths were students.

Percentage Distribution of Youths Not in Employment by

Reasons and Zone
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Looked and Sick Believed no Waiting to Laid off 30 Student Others
available for job available join work days or less
work but
could not get

North-Central North-East North-West South-East South-South South-West

[34]
7.3 Youth Employment by Sector
Nationally South West had the highest youths in employment (29.0 percent) followed by North
central (25.9 percent) and South South had (17.2 percent) while North East had the least (5.7
percent) of the youths in employment.
At zonal level, North Central, Mining Quarry company engaged (86.3 percent) of youths;
Electricity employed (46.8 percent) and Manufacturing Company employed 45.7 percent while
Financial Inter-mediation had the least 4.4 percent of youths employed.
In North East (23.4 percent) of youth were engaged by Federal / state civil service followed
by community services (8.8 percent) and organized road transports (8.3 percent) while hotel
and Restraint employed the least (3 percent) of the youths
In North west (29.6 percent) of youth were engaged by Oil and Gas company; Community
services engaged (19.1 percent) and (16 percent) were employed by Real Estate while Hotel
and Restaurant had the least (4.2percent)
South East, financial inter-mediation engaged (25.2 percent) of the youth; Oil and Gas
employed (23.3 percent) of youths and Electricity company (20.4 percent) while community
services had the least (3.5 percent) of youth in employment
It was reported that (47.1percent) of the youth were employed by Oil and Gas in South-South
;( 25.7 percent) were engaged by Electricity company and Other Community Services had the
least 3.6 percent of the youths
Lastly South West (53.8 percent) of youths were employed by Real Estate; Road transport
engaged (50.8 percent) followed by financial inter-mediation (49.9 percent) while Electricity
company had the least (7.1 percent) of the youth in employment.

[35]
 Fig. 7.3 Percentage distribution of Youth in Employment by zone and sector

120

100

80

60

40

20

North-Central North-East North-West South-East South-South South-West Total

[36]
 Chapter Eight
8.0 Youth Participation in Politics and Decision Making
Participation of all citizens in formal political processes is very important for democracy. For
political system to be representative, all part of society must be included. In liberation struggle
from colonialism in the 1920s, some young activists contributed immensely towards the
achievement of democracy
Below are the political parties that contested in 2019 election viz Action Congress (AC), All
Progressives Congress (APC), Congress for progressive change (CPC), Labour Party (LP),
People Democratic Party (PDP) and other. From the 2019 election result shows that the youth
constituted up to 60% of the population that participated in the election process of voting.
Not too young campaign has awoken the desire of young Nigeria to participate in election and
has increased the desire to create a better nation. Hence, the increase in number of youths
running for the Office of the President, National Assembly, Gubernatorial and State House of
Assembly in 2019 Elections.
It was also shown that Nigeria youths within the age group of 18 to 35 are the highest
population of voters as they constituted 51.11% of the total age group registered to vote at the
polls

8.1 Youth with Political Affiliation.

The result shows in political party male youths (65 percent) affiliated most in PDP party. The
male youths affiliated more in political parties across all the zones than females. The reflection
were shown clearly in South- East and North East zones .Looking at the two dominant parties
APC and PDP the youths affiliated more in PDP than APC and in other parties.

[37]
 Fig. 8.1 Percentage distribution of youth and Political affilition by zone
and sex
120

100

80

APC Male

60 APC Female
PDP Male
PDP Female
40
Others Male
Others Female
20

8.2 Youth in Elective Offices.

The result shows that male youths (71.6 percent) were elected into Political Offices than their
Female counterpart across all the 6 Geo Political zones.
Out of the six Geo-Political zones, in North East and South East all electives offices occupied
by the youth had (100 percent) male. The North Central (84. 4 percent), South-west (77.5
percent) and South- South (56.8 percent) while in North West female youths (66.7 percent)
were more in political Offices than their male youths.

[38]
 Fig. 8.2 Percentage distribution of youths and elective Offices
by zone and sex
120

100

80

60
Male
40
Female
20

[39]
 Chapter Nine

9.0 Youth and Information & Communication Technology (ICT)/Computer Proficiency

Information and Communication Technology/Computer Proficiency have permeated all
aspects of life, providing newer, better, and quicker ways for people to interact, network, seek
help, gain access to information, and learn. The growth of ICT is changing the way economic
and social development occurs all over the world. New ICT and Computer-related tools have
been known to make Institutions and markets more productive, enhance skills and learning,
improve governance at all levels and make it easier for services to be accessed.

A nation where the growth of information technology is powered by young and industrious
youths, would someday lead the development of the continent.

9.1 Youth with Computer Literacy

Among youths with computer literacy, 54 percent were males and 46 per cent females. South
East and South South have 50.3 and 51.2 per cent of their computer literate youths as females
respectively, while North West has the least percentage of computer-literate female youths
(19.4 percent) as shown in figure 9.1

Fig. 9.1: Percentage Distribution of Youth with

Computer Literacy by Zone

90
80
70
60
50
Male
40
Female
30
20
10
0
SE SS NE NW NC SW

[40]
9.2 Youth and Type of Computer Literacy

Most youths in Nigeria (95 percent) can surf the internet, while less than half (45.1 percent)
know word processing. Youths that are certified IT professional are 4.7 percent. In the North
East, the percentage of youth that are Certified IT Professional accounted for 26.9 percent
which is highest when compared with Certified IT Professional Youths in other zones. North
West zone recorded 6.4 percent, South South 5.6 percent while South West recorded the least
percentage of Youth that are Certified IT Professionals with 0.9 percent

Fig. 9.2: Percentage Distribution of Youth and Type of

Computer Literacy
120
Internet Browsing
100
Word Processing
80

60 Graphic Design

40
Specialised Software
20 Packages
Certified IT Professional
0
SE SS NE NW NC SW

[41]
 Chapter Ten

10.0 Youth and Conflict Prevention/Peace Building

Conflict prevention can be described as a diplomatic approach to a variety of activities and

strategies designed to pre-empt and subsequently neutralise potential triggers to widespread
violent conflict. In the same vein, Peace building is the development of constructive personal,
group, and political relationships across ethnic, religious, class, national, and racial boundaries.
It aims to resolve injustice in nonviolent ways and to transform the structural conditions that
generate deadly conflict.

It is globally acknowledged that underdevelopment, poverty, and violent conflict reinforce each
other. To provide support for development in Nigeria, there is an urgent need for a paradigm
shift in favour of youths’ involvements in conflict sensitive programme.

Mainstreaming youth-led peace-building in development will have a long term positive impact
on both economic and social life of the people.

10.1 Youth and Conflict Prevention Training

At the National level, it was observed that 1.64 percent of youth have one form of training in
Conflict Prevention. Of this, more males (56.8 percent) are involved in conflict preventions
training than females (43.2 percent). Out of the total youth in the South South, 5.05 percent
were trained in conflict prevention and this is the highest percentage when compared with other
zones. In South East zone, 3.03 percent of youth were trained, followed by a distant 0.71
percent for North Central. The least percentage of youth trained in conflict prevention was
recorded in south West zone with 0.05 percent.

[42]
 Fig. 10.2a: Percentage Distribution of Youth with
Training in Conflict Prevention by Zone
6.00
5.05
5.00

4.00
3.03
3.00
Percent
2.00

1.00 0.64 0.50 0.71

0.05
0.00
SE SS NE NW NC SW

10.2 Level of Involvements of Youths in Conflict Prevention

Conflict prevention is being done at different levels; some people are involved at the
community level while some are involved at the State level depending on the status of the
individuals. Across the country, out of those involved in conflict prevention, 44.9 percent
indicated they were involved at ward level; 50 percent at community level; 3.2 percent and 1.9
percent at LGA and State levels respectively.

Fig. 10.2b: Percentage Distribution of Youth Involved in

Conflict Prevention by Level
60

50

40

30
Level
20

10

0
Ward Community LGAs State

[43]
10.3 Youth and Type of Conflict Prevented

The youths are a reference point in any conflict prevention whether at home or in the society.
Table 1.49 shows the type of Conflict prevented by Youth. Out of the youth involved in
Conflict Prevention, 46.1 percent of them were involved in Civil/Household type while 38
percent were political conflicts; 8.8 percent and 7.2 percent were Boundary dispute and
religious crises respectively.

Fig. 10.3: Percentage Distribution of Youth by Type of

Conflict Prevented

7%

46% Civil/Household
38%
Boudary Dispute
Political
9% Religious

10.4 Youth and Type of Organization Through which Conflict is Prevented

Nationally, the youths are more involved with Faith Based Organization (FBO) (66.1
percent), followed by Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) (18.2 percent), while
Voluntary Youth Organization (VYOs) and Community based Organizations (CBOs)
recorded 10.8 and 4.9 percent respectively

[44]
 Fig. 10.4: Percentage Distribution of Type of
Organisation Through which Nigerian Youth Prevent
Conflict

18%

11% NGOs
VYOs
66%
CBOs
5% Faith Based

[45]
 Chapter Eleven

11.0 Youth in Sports and Recreation

Sports and recreational activities are very useful engagements for both in-school and out-of-
school youths. To a large extent, various social and economic benefits are available to the
nation through the participation of youths in various forms of sports. In addition to physical
benefits, sports and recreational activities also have strong influences on inclusion and
community building, character-building, delinquency control and community safety.

11.1 Youth and Level of Involvement in Sports

At national level, more males (75.5 per cent) than females (24.5 per cent) were involved in
recreation and sporting activities. Also a higher proportion (89 per cent) of males compared to
only 11 per cent females are engaged in professional sporting activities. The level of
involvement in recreational and sporting activities at zonal levels is similar with the national.

Fig. 11.1: Percentage Distribution of Youth Actively Involved

in Sport By Level
100
90
80
70
60
50 Male
40 Female
30
20
10
0
Recreational Professional

11.2 Youth and Level of Involvement in Sports by Gender

As observed in Fig.11.2 there are variations in the involvement of Nigerian youths in Sport by
sex and at level of sport across zones, though the trend is similar with national. The percentage
involvement of females (36.8 percent) is the highest in South West, followed by South South
with (32.2 percent), while the North West recorded the least percentage involvement of females
in Sport with 3.5 percent at recreational level. At professional level, North West recorded the
[46]
highest percentage of female involvement with 49.9 percent followed by South South with 42.1
percent.

Fig. 11.2: Percentage Distribution of Youth Actively Involved in Sport

By Zone and Level

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
North-Central North-East North-West South-East South-South South-West

Professional Male Professional Female Recreation Male Recreation Female

11.3 Youth and Forms of Disability by Sex

The bar chart in fig 11.3 reveals a variation in the tendency of male and female youths to exhibit
one form of disability or the other. Both males and females were equally affected by visual
impairment compared to Poliomyelitis and Partial Paralysis where more males than females
were affected with 66 and 62.5 percent respectively.

[47]
 Fig. 11.3: Percentage Distribution of Youth by Sex and Form
of Disability
90
80
70
60
50
40 Male
30 Female
20
10
0
Visual Poliomyelitis Partial Paralyses Others
impairment

[48]
 Chapter Twelve

12.0 Youth Migration

Migration is increasingly becoming a force that can contribute to development and an integral
aspect of the global development process. In Nigeria, and as observed around the world, youth
migration is a critical issue in rural and urban areas. Though some urban areas, cities and towns
provide better opportunities for youths, others serve as breeding grounds for poverty,
unemployment and crime, causing severe social problems. Migration is a serious issue for both
the origin and destination points. Internal migration within countries is on the rise and people
move in response to inequitable distribution of resources, services and opportunities or to
escape violence, natural disasters or increasing occurrence of extreme weather conditions.

12.1 Youth and Place of Residence

The result from the survey show that more Nigerian youths (81.6 percent) did not reside at their
home states at the time of the survey, of this, 52.3 percent were females. The result is similar
across zones with North West and North East recording 95.4 percent and 90.3 percent youth
that did not reside in their home state respectively while South South and South East recorded
the least percentages with 75.2 percent and 68.1percent respectively

Fig. 12.1: Percentage Distribution of Youth by Place of

Residence
120.0

100.0 95.4
90.3 88.2

80.0 75.2 75.4

68.1
60.0 Not at Home
At Home
40.0

20.0

0.0
SE SS NE NW NC SW

[49]
12.2 Youth and Reason for Movement

As observed from the chat below, over 60.2 percent of Nigerian youths’ movements are tied to
family reasons. Sizeable proportion (24.4 percent) of them moved as a result of transfer, while
8.9 percent of youth’s movement is attributed to ‘search for job’.

Fig 12.2 Percentage Distribution of Youth's Movement by

Reason
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

12.3 Ever-Changed Base

The pie chart below shows the percentage distribution of youths who have ever-changed base
and reason for movement. Nationally, more than one-third (34.0 per cent) of the youths who
had ever-changed their location did so due to family reasons compared to 28 per cent, and 26
per cent who relocated due to education and search for job respectively. Only 4 per cent and 1
per cent stated they changed their residence due to transfer and conflict/civil unrest
respectively.

[50]
 Fig. 12.3: Youth Ever Change Base by Reason

1%
Conflict and civil unrest
34% 26%
Search for Job

7% Employment
Transfer
28%
Education
4%
Family

[51]
 Chapter 13

13.0 Family Life/Parenting

The family as a unit of care has great effect in tackling young people problems and this could
be influenced by family functioning. This survey assesses the relationship between youths'
family functioning with socio-demographic characteristics and behavioral risk of the youths.
In this regard, the quality of parents' relationships makes a lot of difference to youth in many
ways. A youth trend analysis found that whether parents are married or cohabitating, parental
relationship quality is associated with youth's behavioral problems, social competence, school
engagement and depression. Also, parent-youth connectedness is associated with a wide range
of health indicators, however, close positive family relationships that feature open
communication help young people stay healthy and avoid substance use and violent behavior.

13.1 Youth and Parents

Nationally, fig.13.1a shows the percentage distribution of youth who lives with both parents;
more youths (37.8 percent) lives with both parents, followed by youth (35.3 percent) who are
now married and living with spouse, youth living with one parent only accounted for 13.2
percent, the proportion of youth now working and living on their own accounted for 7.5 percent
while youth living with guardian had the least with just 6.3 percent

Fig. 13.1a: Percentage distribution of Youth who live with

their Parents

Both Parents

One Parent only

35.2%
37.8%
No, with guardian

No,now working
and living on my
own
No, now married
7.5% and livig with
6.3% 13.2% spouse

[52]
Further analysis result by zone in fig. 13.1b revealed that youth (55.7 percent) who are “Now
Married and Living with their Spouse” are more in North East, followed by youth (39.8
percent) in North West, while the South South youth (24.4 percent) now married and living
with their spouse had the least value across the zone. Also, more youth (45.2 percent) from
North Central lives with “Both Parents” compared to other zones; followed by youth (44.3
percent) in North West, South South youth (40.4 percent) while South West had the least
percentage of youth (29.8 percent) that lives with “Both Parents” across the zones. In all the
zones, less than 25 percent of the youths live with “One Parent Only”, equally, less than 12
percent of the youth are “Now Working and Living on Their Own” and less than 10 percent of
the youth are “Living with Guardian” respectively in all the zones.

Fig. 13.1b: Percentage Distribution of Youths who lives with

their Parents by Zones
No, now married
living and with
SWZ spouse
No, now working
SSZ
and living on my
Zones

own
SEZ
No with guardian
NWZ

NEZ One Parent only

NCZ
Both Parents
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Percentage Value

According to the survey result shown in fig. 13.1c, the percentage distribution of youths and
parents relationship nationally indicates that 43.6 percent of youths reported that their
relationship with their parents were “Lovely”, followed by “Very Lovely” relationship of youth
and parents (41.6 percent), youth “Cordial” relationship with parents (14.7 percent) while
percentage of youth and parents “Not cordially” and “Stay out of their way” relationship were
respectively very insignificant.

[53]
 FIG.13.1C: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF YOUTHS
AND RELATIONSHIP WITH THEIR PARENTS BY ZONE

Very Lovely 14.7%

Lovely
41.6%
0.1%
Cordially

Not Cordial
43.6%

Across the zone, as shown in fig. 13.1d more youth (63.1 percent) in South-South had “Very
Lovely” relationship with their parents, followed by youth in the North Central (60.2 percent)
and youth (14.4 percent) in North West had the least “Very Lovely” relationship with their
parents. Also, 58.5 percent of the youth in North West had “Lovely” relationship with their
parents to be at the top of the pyramid, while youth (32.9 percent) in North Central had the
lowest “Lovely” relationship with their parents. Only 27.1 percent of the youth in North West
and 22.4 percent of the youth in South West had significant level of “Cordial” relationship with
their parents while youth from other zones had less than 13 percent “Cordial” relationship with
their parents. “Not Cordially” and “Stay out of their way” relationship with parents were
virtually non-existence across the zones.

[54]
 Fig. 13.1d: Percentage Distribution of Youths and
Relationship with their Parents by Zone
70

60
Percentage Value

50 Very Lovely
40 Lovely
30
Cordially
20
Not
10 Cpordially
Stay out of
0 Their Way
NCZl NEZ NWZ SEZ SSZ SWZ
Zones

Figure 13.1e shows the percentage distribution of youths and parents by quality and quantity
of time parents spent with their youths nationally. The figure revealed that 38.3 percent of the
youths spent more time with their “Mother”, 37.2 percent of the youths spent more time with
“Both Parents”, while 23.9 percent of them spent more time with their “Father” and less than
1 percent of the youths “Don’t Know” which of their parents they spent more time with.

Fig. 13.1e: Percentage Distribution of Youth and Time

Spent with Their Parents

0.6% Father
23.9%
37.2% Mother

Both

Don't Know
38.3%

[55]
Further disaggregation by zone as shown in figure 13.1f indicates that 69.3 percent of youths
spent more time with both parents in South West, followed by youth (43 percent) in North West
while only 11.9 percent of the youth in South East spent time with both parents. Relatively,
53.3 percent of youth in South East spent more quality time with their “Mothers”, 51 percent
of youths in North East also spent quality time with their “Mothers”, 48.5 percent of the youths
equally spent time with their “Mothers” in North Central, 40.9 percent youths in South-South
spent more time with their “Mothers” while less than 30 percent of the youths in both South
West and North West only spent time with their “Mothers” respectively. Furthermore, less than
35 percent of the youths across the zones spent quality time with their “Fathers” while “Don’t
Know” who spent more time amongst the parents is less than 3 percent in all the the zones.

Fig. 13.1f: Percentage Distribution of Youth and Time Spent with

80
Their Parents by Zone
70
60
Percentage Value

50 Father
40
Mother
30
20 Both
10 Don't Know
0
NCZ NEZ NWZ SEZ SSZ SWZ
Zone

At the national level, fig. 13.1g presents the percentage distribution of youth and which parents
to emulate. The figure shows that 39.7 percent of the youths prefer to emulate both parents,
30.3 percent prefer to emulate their father, 29.4 percent prefer to emulate their mother while
less than 1 percent were indifferently on whom to emulate.

[56]
 Fig.13.1g: Percentage Distribution of Youth and which
Parents to Emulate National
0.0%
0.6%

Father
39.7% 30.3% Mother
Both
None
29.4%
Don't Know

Distributing the percentage of youth and which parents to emulate into zones as shown in figure
13.1h, revealed that more youths (81.1 percent) prefers both parents in South West compared
to other zones while less than 30 percent of the youths prefers both parents in each of the
remaining five (5) zones. Equally, more youth (51.4 percent) in North East prefers to emulate
their “Father”, followed by 44.9 percent of the youths who prefers their “Father” in South East,
then 35.5 percent of the youth in North West, youth in North central 32.5 percent, youth in
South-South 23.1 percent and South West 6.2 percent prefers to emulate their “Fathers”
respectively. However, less than 50 percent of the youths across the zones prefers to emulate
their mother while the percentage of youth that responded “None” and “Don’t Know” were
absolutely insignificant.

Fig.13.1h: Percentage Distribution of Youth and which

Parents to Emulate by Zone
90
80
Percentage Value

70
60 Father
50
Mother
40
30 Both
20 None
10
Don't Know
0
NCZ NEZ NWZ SEZ SSZ SWZ
Zone

[57]
Figure 13.1i shows the percentage distribution of youths who live with one parents by reasons.
The survey result reveals that more youths (54.7 percent) lives with one parent due to the
“Death of One of the Parents”, 24.6 percent of the youth lives with one parent because of
“Separation of Parents”, 11.9 percent of the youth lives one parents due to “Exigency of Work”
and lastly, 8.7 percent of the youth lives with one parents based on parent’s divorce.

Fig. 13.1i: Percentage Distribution of Youth Who Live

with One Parent by Reason(s)
Exigency of
work
11.9%
Separation of
Parents
24.6%
Parents
54.7% Divorced

8.7% Death of One

of the
Parents

The result of the survey across the zones in figure 13.1i shows that in all the zones, the main
reason youth live with one parent was due to the “Death of one of the Parents” except in North
West. Also, across the zones, only North West had above 50 percent of the youths that lives
with one parent because of “Separation of Parents” while other reasons “Exigency of Work”
and “Parents Divorced” accounted for less than 20 percent for the reason why youth live with
one parent in all the zones.

Fig:13.1i: Percentage Distribution of Youth Who Live

with One Parent by Reason(s)
100 Exigency of
Percentage Value

80
work
Separation of
60 Parents
Parents
40 Divorced
Death of One
20 of the Parents
0
NCZ NEZ NWZ SEZ SSZ SWZ
Zone

[58]
13.2 Youth and Guardian

Figure 13.2a shows the percentage distribution of youths who live with guardians by reasons.
The survey result reveals that more youths (71.2 percent) lives with guardians due to
“Education”, 14.5 percent of the youth lives with guardians because of “Death of Parents”, 9.1
percent of the youth lives with guardians due to “Separation of Parents” and finally, 5.2 percent
of the youth lives with guardians based on parent’s divorced.

Fig.13.2a: Percentage Distribution of Youth Who Live

with Guardians by Reason(s)

14.5%

5.2% For Education

Separation of Parents
9.1%
Parents Divorced
Death of Parents

71.2%

The result of the survey distributed across the zones in figure 13.2b showed that in all the zones,
the main reason more youth live with guardians was due to the “Education” except in North
West with less than 40 percent. Also, across the zones, only North West had above 40 percent
of the youths that lives with guardians because of “Death of Parents” while less than 20 percent
of the youths lives with guardians as a result of “Parents Separation” and “Parents Divorced”
respectively across all the zones.

[59]
 Fig.13.2b: Percentage Distribution of Youth Who Live with
Guardians by Zone and Reason(s)
100
90
80
Percentage Value

70
60 For Education
50
40 Separation of Parents
30 Parents Divorced
20
Death of Parents
10
0
NCZ NEZ NWZ SEZ SSZ SWZ
Zone

The result of the survey across the zones in figure 13.2b shows that in all the zones, the main
reason more youth live with guardians was due to the “Education” except in North West with
less than 40 percent. Also, across the zones, only North West had above 40 percent of the
youths that lives with guardians because of “Death of Parents” while less than 20 percent of
the youths lives with guardians as a result of “Parents Separation” and “Parents Divorced”
respectively across all the zones.

[60]
 Chapter Fourteen

14.0 Youth and Environmental Concerns

Environmental degradation can be defined as a process through which the natural environment
is compromised in one way or the other by reducing biological diversity and the general health
of the environment. This process can be entirely natural, or it can be accelerated or caused
solely by human activities. The United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
defines environmental degradation as ‘the reduction of the capacity of the environment to meet
social and ecological objectives, and needs’.

The natural causes of environmental degradation include flood, typhoons, droughts, rising
temperatures, fires, etc.; while those attributed to human are modern urbanization,
industrialization, overpopulation growth, deforestation, bush burning etc. This problem can be
resolved through environmental protection and environmental resources management of which
youths could be of immense help if their energy, inventiveness, creative talents and labour
power can be harnessed.

Nationally, 14.6 percent of the youth experienced one form of environmental concerns or the
other across the different geo-political zone of the country. Out of these, more youths (40
percent) in the South South experienced environmental concern, followed by youth in the South
East. The least percentage of youth which experienced environmental concerns was from North
West with 3 percent.

14.1 Youth and Environmental Concerns by Type

The most prominent type of environmental concern experienced by youth in the country is
erosion and this is more pronounced in the South East with 97 percent, followed by youth from
South South with 68.6 percent while 25.6 percent of youth from North West was the least. The
next most experienced environmental concern by youths in the country is Air Pollutions. This
is more pronounced in the South West with 33.1 percent of youth closely followed by youth
from North West with 24.5 percent while youth from South East recorded the least percentage
with 1.6 percent.

[61]
 Fig. 14.1: Percentage Distribution of Youths Who Experienced
Environmental Concern by Type and Zone
SE SS NE NW NC SW

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
Air Pollution Water Erosions Bush Burning Deterio-ration Indiscri-minate
Pollution through Agric. Dumping of
Activities solid Waste

[62]
 Chapter Fifteen
15.0 Youth and Business Enterprises
Business enterprise refers to a person sporting a business opportunity and setting up a business.
Business enterprise means a firm, sole proprietorship, association corporate, company, or other
business entity of any kind including, but not limited, Liability Corporation, joint venture,
estate, or trust.

15.1 Youth and Business Enterprise

The result shows that across the six geo-political zone, female youths (65.4 percent) operated
business enterprises than their male counterpart .North West had the highest female youths
(82.9 percent) followed by South South (73.5 percent) and North Central (70.7 percent) and
North East (36 percent) had the least female youths .On the other hand North East male youths
(64 percent) were more than females followed by South East (57.7 percent) and North West
(17.1 percent) had the least of male youths in business enterprises.

Fig. 15.1 Percentage distribution of business Enterprise of youths by

zone and sex
90
80
70
60
50
40
Male
30
Female
20
10
0

[63]
15.2 Youth and Business Start-up and Annual Turnover

The result shows that youths made 75 percent turnover on business enterprises were start up across
the six Geo political zone. At zonal level youths in South-South yielded highest turnover followed by
North Central (39 percent) of youth’s turnover and North-West (25.7 percent) while North East (12.7
percent) had the least turnover in the Business enterprises. Conversely South –East and southwest
zones recorded lost (35.9 percent and 20.3 percent) respectively in the Business enterprises that were
set up by the youths.

Fig. 15.2 Percent distribution of youths average business start up and

annual turnover by zones
600000

500000

400000

300000 Start-Up Capital at inception

200000 annual sales/turnover for

December 2020
100000

15.3 Youth and Business Registration

The result indicates that only (8.9 percent) of youths registered business enterprises across the six
geo-political zones. South West had the highest (13.2 percent) of youths that registered business
Enterprises followed by South-South (12.2 percent) and North Central (8 percent) while South East
(7.2 percent) had the least of youths that registered their business enterprises. There was no report
for North East and North West on youths that registered their Business enterprises

[64]
 Fig. 15.3 Percentage distribution of youths that registered Business
enterprises
14
12
10
8
6
4
Percent
2
0

15.4 Youth and Legal Business Enterprises by Type.

The result shows the type of business enterprises set up by youths across the six geo-political zones.
Nationally ,(90.8 percent) of youths were into sole proprietorship, (1.5 percent) were into partnership,
( 0.3 percent) were into private liability and (7.4 percent) were into other businesses. At zonal level,
(100 percent) of the youths were engaged as sole proprietorship in North East and North west while
40.2 percent in the South West were into other businesse. In the North Central (97 percent) were into
sole proprietorship and ( 0.3 percent) were into partnership. In South South (96.7 percent) engaged
as sole proprietorship, 1.8 percent were into partnership and 0.9 percent were into private liability
while 0.6 percent of the youths were involved in other Businesses.

[65]
 Fig. 15.4 Percentage distribution of youths by type of business
enterprises and zone
120

100

80

60 sole proprietorship
partnership
40
Private limited liability
20
Others
0

15.5 Youth and Sources of Business Funding

The result indicates various ways youths across the six Geo political zones source for fund to set up
their businesses enterprises. This include personal savings, loan, family sources ,cooperate/Esusu,
grants and Other sources. Nationally, 34.5 percent of youths sourced fund through Government
Grants to set up their business enterprises, 29.7 percent of youths used their personal savings while
15.1 percent sourced fund through cooperative thrift and 2.4 percent of the youth obtained loan to
start up their business enterprises. The results on zonal level shows that 96.6 percent of youths from
South South obtained grant to start-up businesses and 49.2 percent of youths from North central also
obtained grant to start-up their bussinesses while in South West, 26.2 percent of youth acquired fund
through Cooperative thrift to start-up their businesses. In North west (44.4 percent) and south West
(24.8 percent) of youths obtained funds through other sources as shown in figure 15.5.

[66]
 Fig. 15.5 Percentage distribution of youths with sources of fund and zone
120

100

80
Personal savings
Loan
60 Family sources
Cooperative/Esusu
grants
40
others

20

0
North North East North South-East South - South National
central West South West

15.6 Youth and Bank Loan Finances

The survey result shows that nationally, female youths (55.1 percent) has access to bank loan than
their males (44.9 percent) counterpart. At the zonal level, Female from the South South (76.8 percent)
had the highest female youths who have access to bank loan to finance their businesses followed by
North west (65.5 percent) and South West (63.6 percent) respectively while female from North Central
(28.4 percent) had the least access to Bank loan. Conversely, 71.6 percent of male youths from North
Central has access to bank loan to finance their businesses which is the highest among the male youths
across the zones followed by male youths from South East (61.7 percent) and North East (57.5 percent)
while male youths from South South (23.2 percent) had the least access to bank loan to finance their
businesses.

[67]
 Fig.15.6 Percentage distribution of youths with access to Bank loan
finances by zone
90
80
70
60
50
40
Male
30
Female
20
10
0

15.7 Youth and Reasons for Inaccessibility of Bank Loan

There are many reasons why youths found it difficult to finance their Businesses through bank loans.
These reasons include high rate of interest, stringent bank polices, Government policies and other
measures that were adopted by banking institutions. The result from the survey shows that nationally,
youths (31.7 percent) could not access bank loan due to high rate of interest followed by stringent
Bank policies (24.8 percent) and Government policies (7.3 percent) while (13.2 percent) of the youths
attributed it to other measures. At zonal level, youths from South South and South West (45.7 percent
and 35.5 percent respectively) could not access bank loan due to high rate of interest while youths
from North West and North Central (54.5 percent and 33.8 percent respectively )could not access
bank loans due to Stringent policies. Youths from South South and North East (15.7 percent and 13.3
percent respectively) could not access bank loans due to Government policies.

[68]
 Fig. 15.7 Percentage distribution of youths with reason for
inaccessbility to bank finance by zone
60

50

40

High rate of interest

30
Stringent bank policies
Government policies

20 other specify

10

15.8 Youth and Major Challenges Facing Businesses

The result indicates different types of challenges faced by youths in their business enterprises.
Nationally, 86.1 percent of youths faced the challenge of access to fund to finance their businesses.
Some youths (4.9 percent) faced the challenge of Inconsistency in Government policies; others faced
the challenge of obsolete equipments (4.6 percent) while some youths (3 percent) faced the problem
of not undergoing proper training on their businesses.
At zonal level, most youths from all the zones reported the challenge of financing their businesses;
youths South West (100 percent) top the list followed by North East (93.6 percent) while youths from
South East (78.1 percent) were least. However, youths from North central (9.2 percent) faced the
challenge of obsolete equipment for their businesses followed by youth from South East (3.5 percent)
while youths from South- East (10 percent) reported inconsistent in Government policies as a major
challenge that is affecting their businesses.

[69]
 Fig. 15.8 Percentage Distribution of youths with major challenges
facing businesses

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
North-Central North-East North-West South-East South-South South-West

Lack of training Obsolete equipment Lack of access to finance Inconsistent policies Other Specify

15.9 Youth and Business Training

The result shows that nationally, Female youths (58.8 percent) had business trainings more than their
male (41.2 percent) counterpart. At zonal level, male youths from North East (80.8 percent) had the
highest number that had business training followed by male youths from south East (76.3 percent)
and male youths from South West (56.9 percent) while male youths from North west (26.3 percent)
had the least youths that undergone business training. The female youths from North West (73.7
percent) recorded the highest among the female youths that undergone business training followed by
female youths from South South (69.6 percent) while female youths from North East (19.2 percent)
had the least female youths that had business training.

[70]
 Fig. 15.9 Percentage of youths with Business training by zone and
sex
90

80

70

60

50

40 Male
Female
30

20

10

[71]
 APPENDIX

Table 3.1: Distribution of Household members by Age group and Sex

Male Female Total
Age
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
0-14 31,382,999 52 28,988,998 48 60,371,998 100
15-35 46,213,675 48.5 49,130,935 51.5 95,344,610 100
36 + 28,803,035 53.4 25,099,784 46.6 53,902,819 100
Total 106,399,709 50.8 103,219,718 49.2 209,619,427 100

Table 3.2: Distribution of Youth Aged 15-35 by Age Group and Sex

Age Group Male Percent Female Percent Total

15-19 12,539,693 51.5 11,819,793 48.5 24,359,486

20-24 9,848,124 48.8 10,322,174 51.2 20,170,298
25-29 10,156,676 46.8 11,556,894 53.2 21,713,570
Total 32,544,493 49.1 33,698,861 50.9 66,243,354

Table 3.3: Distribution of Youth Aged 15-35 by Age Group and Sex
Age Male % of Female % of Total
Group Population Male Population Female Population
15-19 12,539,693 51.5 11,819,793 48.5 24,359,486
20-24 9,848,124 48.8 10,322,174 51.2 20,170,298
25-29 10,156,676 46.8 11,556,894 53.2 21,713,570
30-35 14,232,277 49 14,839,513 51 29,071,790
Total 46,776,769 49.1 48,538,374 50.9 95,315,144

Table 3.4: Distribution of Youth Aged 18-35 by Age Group and Sex
Age Male % of Female % of Total
Group Population Male Population Female Population
18-20 7,997,964 48.8 8,378,640 51.2 16,376,604
21-25 10,416,264 47.8 11,394,103 52.2 21,810,367
26-30 10,205,341 46.9 11,570,987 53.1 21,776,328
31-35 10,262,717 50.5 10,061,932 49.5 20,324,649
Total 38,882,287 48.4 41,405,661 51.6 80,287,948

[72]
 Table 3.5: Distribution of Youth Aged 15-35 by Age Group and Sector
Age Urban % of Rural % of Total
Group Population Urban Population Rural Population
15-19 6,206,790 25.5 18,152,697 74.5 24,359,486
20-24 4,780,620 23.7 15,389,678 76.3 20,170,298
25-29 4,001,836 18.4 17,711,734 81.6 21,713,570
30-35 5,236,405 18 23,835,385 82 29,071,790
Total 20,225,650 21.2 75,089,494 78.8 95,315,144

Table 3.6A: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by Zone, Age group and sex
North Central North West
Age Group
Male Female Total Male Female Total
15-19 1,920,302 2,053,781 3,974,083 2,777,021 1,761,032 4,538,053
20-24 1,465,651 1,508,181 2,973,832 1,961,011 2,063,267 4,024,278
25-29 1,451,272 1,439,697 2,890,969 2,429,667 2,969,291 5,398,958
30-35 1,629,119 1,916,189 3,545,308 3,334,330 3,478,079 6,812,409
Total 6,466,344 6,917,848 13,384,192 10,502,029 10,271,669 20,773,698

Table 3.6B: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by Zone, Age group and sex

Age North East South East

Group
Male Female Total Male Female Total
15-19 1,158,920 1,246,470 2,405,390 1,325,757 1,118,045 2,443,802
20-24 1,141,361 1,221,244 2,362,605 1,239,072 1,158,757 2,397,829
25-29 1,198,985 1,456,317 2,655,302 1,275,353 1,507,713 2,783,066
30-35 1,814,306 2,017,476 3,831,782 2,072,690 2,246,892 4,319,582
Total 5,313,572 5,941,507 11,255,079 5,912,872 6,031,407 11,944,279

Table 3.6C: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by Zone, Age group and sex

Age South West South South

Group
Male Female Total Male Female Total
15-19 3,549,561 3,506,827 7,056,388 1,808,131 2,133,637 3,941,768
20-24 2,336,174 2,525,016 4,861,190 1,704,855 1,845,710 3,550,565
25-29 2,296,066 2,671,243 4,967,309 1,505,334 1,512,633 3,017,967
30-35 3,546,935 3,327,057 6,873,992 1,834,896 1,853,820 3,688,716
Total 11,728,736 12,030,143 23,758,879 6,853,216 7,345,800 14,199,016

[73]
Table 3.7: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by marital status and sex

Male Female Total

Marital status
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Married 13,429,438 34.3 25,719,794 65.7 39,149,232 100
Divorced 131,154 36.7 226,355 63.3 357,508 100
Separated 233,037 22 824,199 78 1,057,236 100
Widowed 31,231 9.8 286,890 90.2 318,121 100
Never Married 32,951,910 60.5 21,481,137 39.5 54,433,047 100
Total 46,776,769 49.1 48,538,374 50.9 95,315,144 100

Table 3.8: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by zone, form of marriage

and sex
Sex Zone
Form of North- North- North- South- South- South-
Total
Marriage Central East West East South West
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
Male 23.4 0 39.4 11 0 26.3 100
Ordinance
Female 27.8 0 29.7 27 6.5 9 100
(Court)
Total 26.6 0 32.2 22.9 4.8 13.4 100
Male 13.5 25.2 24.2 7.6 8.4 21 100
Religious Female 13.5 23.9 27.4 10.2 7.7 17.3 100
Total 13.5 24.3 26.3 9.3 7.9 18.5 100
Male 5.4 0 47.3 14.6 24.1 8.7 100
Customary Female 6.6 0.2 37.8 13.8 29.1 12.5 100
Total 6.2 0.1 40.6 14 27.6 11.4 100
Male 4.8 0.8 4.4 10.6 10 69.4 100
Mutual
Female 3.5 1.9 4.4 10.4 14.1 65.7 100
Agreement
Total 4 1.4 4.4 10.5 12.6 67.1 100
Male 11.2 18.2 23.8 8.9 10.4 27.5 100
Total Female 11.4 17.4 25.8 10.9 11.5 23 100
Total 11.3 17.7 25.1 10.2 11.1 24.5 100

[74]
Table 3.9: Distribution of Youth aged 15-35 Years by Marital Status and Sex

Never
Marital status Married Divorced Separated Widowed Total
Married
Number 74,481 0 0 0 12,465,212 12,539,693
Male
Percent 6.2 0 0 0 53.9 51.5
15-19 Number 1,134,086 0 0 21,086 10,664,621 11,819,793
Female
years Percent 93.8 0 0 100 46.1 48.5
Number 1,208,567 0 0 21,086 23,129,833 24,359,486
Total
Percent 100 0 0 100 100 100
Number 737,153 0 0 0 9,110,971 9,848,124
Male
Percent 14.7 0 0 0 60.4 48.8
20-24 Number 4,286,205 22,506 15,757 32,342 5,965,365 10,322,174
Female
years Percent 85.3 100 100 100 39.6 51.2
Number 5,023,358 22,506 15,757 32,342 15,076,336 20,170,298
Total
Percent 100 100 100 100 100 100
Number 3,007,924 12,697 0 0 7,136,055 10,156,676
Male
Percent 27 9.3 0 0 69.9 46.8
25-29 Number 8,139,106 123,858 214,937 10,743 3,068,249 11,556,894
Female
years Percent 73 90.7 100 100 30.1 53.2
Number 11,147,030 136,555 214,937 10,743 10,204,304 21,713,570
Total
Percent 100 100 100 100 100 100
Number 9,609,880 118,457 233,037 31,231 4,239,672 14,232,277
Male
Percent 44.1 59.7 28.2 12.3 70.4 49
30-35 Number 12,160,397 79,991 593,505 222,718 1,782,902 14,839,513
Female
years Percent 55.9 40.3 71.8 87.7 29.6 51
Number 21,770,277 198,447 826,542 253,949 6,022,574 29,071,790
Total
Percent 100 100 100 100 100 100
Number 13,429,438 131,154 233,037 31,231 32,951,910 46,776,769
Male
Percent 34.3 36.7 22 9.8 60.5 49.1
Number 25,719,794 226,355 824,199 286,890 21,481,137 48,538,374
Total Female
Percent 65.7 63.3 78 90.2 39.5 50.9
Number 39,149,232 357,508 1,057,236 318,121 54,433,047 95,315,144
Total
Percent 100 100 100 100 100 100

[75]
 Table 3.10A: Distribution of Households by main source of
drinking water and zone

Piped into yard or Public

Piped into dwelling Tubewell/borehole
Zone plot tap/standpipe

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

North-Central 0 0 69,575 1 593,240 8.5 3,674,597 52.6
North-East 273,531 5.3 25,968 0.5 378,393 7.4 2,096,493 40.7
North-West 859,317 8.2 28,115 0.3 570,913 5.5 2,337,160 22.3
South-East 174,478 2.7 332,339 5.2 833,618 13 3,133,961 48.9
South-South 362,816 4.5 98,409 1.2 594,239 7.3 3,017,696 37.1
South-West 343,544 2.5 42,973 0.3 1,403,781 10.2 4,905,953 35.6
Total 2,013,686 4 597,379 1.2 4,374,184 8.6 19,165,860 37.6

Table 3.10B: Distribution of Households by main source of drinking water and zone

Unprotected
Protected dug well Unprotected dug well Protected spring
Zone spring
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
North-Central 1,264,560 18.1 470,230 6.7 30,098 0.4 203,272 2.9
North-East 549,782 10.7 1,064,446 20.7 0 0 120,937 2.3
North-West 3,222,778 30.8 2,881,318 27.5 100,669 1 75,275 0.7

South-East 153,984 2.4 36,557 0.6 122,412 1.9 9,416 0.1

South-South 1,169,553 14.4 213,039 2.6 0 0 76,781 0.9

South-West 2,843,732 20.6 1,401,991 10.2 12,176 0.1 92,392 0.7

Total 9,204,389 18.1 6,067,581 11.9 265,355 0.5 578,073 1.1

[76]
Table 3.10C: Distribution of Households by main source of drinking water and zone

Surface water
Cart with small (river, stream, dam,
Rainwater collection Tanker-truck
Zone tank/drum lake, pond, canal,
irrigation channel)
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
North-Central 0 0 0 0 0 0 318,430 4.6
North-East 0 0 119,453 2.3 5,688 0.1 271,552 5.3
North-West 0 0 0 0 91,147 0.9 32,649 0.3

South-East 224,329 3.5 257,563 4 0 0 569,408 8.9

South-South 77,321 0.9 556,389 6.8 10,273 0.1 1,049,516 12.9

South-West 0 0 75,919 0.6 0 0 2,070,219 15

Total 301,651 0.6 1,009,325 2 107,108 0.2 4,311,776 8.5

Table 3.10D: Distribution of Households by main source of drinking water and zone

Bottled water Satchet Water Other (specify) Total

Zone
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
North-
0 0 357,471 5.1 0 0 6,981,472 100
Central
North-East 0 0 15,086 0.3 226,788 4.4 5,148,118 100
North-West 10,430 0.1 265,277 2.5 0 0 10,475,048 100

South-East 0 0 557,776 8.7 0 0 6,405,843 100

South-South 27,035 0.3 888,925 10.9 0 0 8,141,995 100

South-West 65,892 0.5 507,080 3.7 32,230 0.2 13,797,881 100

Total 103,357 0.2 2,591,616 5.1 259,018 0.5 50,950,357 100

[77]
Table 3.11: Distribution of Households by sources of water used for other purposes and zone

North- North- North- South- South- South-

Total
Zone Central East West East South West

Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent

Piped into dwelling 0 0 0 100 0 0 100
Piped into yard or plot 0 0 0 100 0 0 100
Public tap/standpipe 25 0 75 0 0 0 100
Tubewell/borehole 13.9 1.7 7.6 47.4 16.9 12.5 100
Protected dug well 7.3 0 0 4.3 38.1 50.2 100
Unprotected dug well 20 0 20.6 2.9 56.5 0 100
Protected spring 53.6 0 0 0 46.4 0 100
Unprotected spring 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rainwater collection 0 0 0 100 0 0 100
Tanker-truck 0 0 0 14.7 85.3 0 100
Cart with small tank/drum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Surface water (river, stream,
dam, lake, pond, canal, 46.8 0 0 0 53.2 0 100
irrigation channel)
Bottled water 100 0 0 0 0 0 100
Other (specify) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 13.3 0.6 10.2 20.7 34 21.3 100

Table 3.12: Distribution of Households by how long it takes to get water, the average
minutes and zone

Water
Water on Don’t
outside Total Average
premises know
premises
zone
Number
Percent Percent Percent Percent of
minutes
North-Central 85.5 14.5 0 100 17
North-East 75.9 23.6 0.5 100 19
North-West 53.9 44.5 1.6 100 7
South-East 80.2 19.1 0.7 100 11
South-South 65.7 32.5 1.8 100 12
South-West 77.8 21.8 0.4 100 16
Total 72.3 26.8 0.8 100 14

[78]
Table 3.13: Distribution of Households by who usually go to fetch water from the source and zone
Adult Adult Female child Male child (under
DK Total
Zone woman man (under 15) 15)
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
North-
62.8 18.5 12.1 6.5 0.1 100
Central
North-East 19.6 51.8 14.6 13.9 0 100
North-
59.9 29.6 4.6 3.7 2.2 100
West
South-East 39.6 48.1 6.5 5.5 0.3 100
South-
50.5 29.3 13.3 4.5 2.4 100
South
South-
59.8 22.6 9.8 5.3 2.5 100
West
Total 52 30.4 10 6.1 1.5 100

Table 3.14: Distribution of Households who usually treat water for safe drinking by zone
Yes No Total
Zone Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
North-
1,906,655 27.3 5,074,817 72.7 6,981,472 100
Central
North-East 418,210 8.1 4,729,908 91.9 5,148,118 100
North-West 1,349,966 12.9 9,125,082 87.1 10,475,048 100
South-East 340,648 5.3 6,065,195 94.7 6,405,843 100
South-South 1,887,074 23.2 6,254,921 76.8 8,141,995 100
South-West 1,299,214 9.4 12,498,667 90.6 13,797,881 100
Total 7,201,768 14.1 43,748,589 85.9 50,950,357 100

[79]
Table 3.15: Distribution of Households by methods of treating water for safe drinking and zone

North- North- North- South- South- South-

Total
Methods Central East West East South West
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
Yes 5.6 0.2 33 9 47.9 4.3 100
Boil No 41.8 9.9 8.3 1.6 10.3 28.1 100
Total 26.5 5.8 18.7 4.7 26.2 18 100
Yes 13 1.7 11.1 2.9 59 12.3 100
Add
No 32.2 7.5 22 5.5 12.3 20.5 100
bleach/chlorine
Total 26.5 5.8 18.7 4.7 26.2 18 100
Yes 69.7 6 10.2 14.1 0 0 100
Strain it
No 20 5.8 20 3.3 30.1 20.8 100
through a cloth
Total 26.5 5.8 18.7 4.7 26.2 18 100
Use water filter Yes 11.5 77.6 0 3.7 3.7 3.5 100
(ceramic, sand, No 27.5 1 20 4.8 27.7 19 100
composite,
etc.) Total 26.5 5.8 18.7 4.7 26.2 18 100
Yes 0 100 0 0 0 0 100
Solar
No 26.5 5.7 18.8 4.7 26.2 18.1 100
disinfection
Total 26.5 5.8 18.7 4.7 26.2 18 100
Yes 53.6 1.1 1.1 0.3 11.8 32.1 100
Let it stand and
No 9 8.8 30.1 7.6 35.5 9 100
settle
Total 26.5 5.8 18.7 4.7 26.2 18 100
Other Yes 100 0 0 0 0 0 100
No 26.3 5.8 18.8 4.7 26.3 18.1 100
Total 26.5 5.8 18.7 4.7 26.2 18 100

Table 3.16: Distribution of Households by types of toilet facilities and zone

North North North South South South
Toilet Facilities Total
Central East West East South West
Conventional 10.1 8.2 18.7 17.3 18.8 26.9 100
Unconventional 21.0 14.0 24.3 3.1 10.3 27.4 100
National 13.7 10.1 20.6 12.6 16.0 27.1 100

[80]
Table 3.17A: Distribution of Households by types of toilet facilities and zone
Zone
Types North-Central North-East North-West South-East
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Flush to piped
0 0 17,065 0.6 550,053 19.2 1,090,073 38
sewer system
Flush to septic
947,158 12.7 18,549 0.2 174,131 2.3 1,895,997 25.5
tank
Flush to pit
816,577 8 367,263 3.6 808,075 7.9 1,183,128 11.6
(latrine)
Flush to
0 0 0 0 29,475 61.7 18,279 38.3
somewhere else
Flush to
unknown
0 0 9,151 100 0 0 0 0
place/not sure/
DK where
Ventilated
Improved pit 184,297 22.1 65,044 7.8 130,145 15.6 8,308 1
latrine (VIP)
Pit latrine with
1,467,489 11.7 2,301,765 18.3 4,657,542 37 1,687,177 13.4
slab
Pit latrine
without 349,588 5.1 2,274,807 33.1 3,604,142 52.4 132,936 1.9
slab/open pit
Composting
8,724 9.9 0 0 36,731 41.8 0 0
toilet
Bucket 24,428 52.4 0 0 22,220 47.6 0 0
Hanging
toilet/hanging 0 0 4,946 1 0 0 11,078 2.2
latrine
No facilities or
3,183,211 33.9 89,528 1 462,535 4.9 378,867 4
bush or field
Other (specify) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 6,981,472 13.7 5,148,118 10.1 10,475,048 20.6 6,405,843 12.6

[81]
Table 3.17B: Distribution of Households by types of toilet facilities and zone
Zone
Types South-South South-West Total
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Flush to piped
669,398 23.3 543,727 18.9 2,870,316 100
sewer system

Flush to septic
2,027,658 27.3 2,374,372 31.9 7,437,865 100
tank
Flush to pit
2,328,833 22.8 4,691,566 46 10,195,443 100
(latrine)
Flush to
0 0 0 0 47,754 100
somewhere else

Flush to unknown
place/not sure/ DK 0 0 0 0 9,151 100
where

Ventilated
Improved pit 188,707 22.6 257,837 30.9 834,339 100
latrine (VIP)

Pit latrine with

1,181,990 9.4 1,288,590 10.2 12,584,552 100
slab

Pit latrine without

177,893 2.6 343,067 5 6,882,433 100
slab/open pit

Composting toilet 10,273 11.7 32,230 36.6 87,958 100

Bucket 0 0 0 0 46,647 100

Hanging
toilet/hanging 451,492 91.7 25,068 5.1 492,584 100
latrine

No facilities or
1,095,476 11.7 4,171,594 44.5 9,381,211 100
bush or field
Other (specify) 10,273 12.8 69,831 87.2 80,104 100
Total 8,141,995 16 13,797,881 27.1 50,950,357 100

[82]
Table 3.18A: Distribution of Households that share toilet facilities by the number of households and
zone
share this facility with other households
Zone Yes No Total
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
North-Central 2,260,823 59.5 1,537,438 40.5 3,798,261 100
North-East 684,569 13.5 4,374,021 86.5 5,058,590 100
North-West 2,803,776 28 7,208,737 72 10,012,513 100
South-East 1,750,321 29 4,276,655 71 6,026,976 100
South-South 2,206,092 31.3 4,840,426 68.7 7,046,518 100
South-West 4,524,569 47 5,101,719 53 9,626,287 100
Total 14,230,150 34.2 27,338,996 65.8 41,569,146 100

Table 3.18B: Distribution of Households that share toilet facilities by the number of households and
zone
households in total use of this toilet facility
Zone 1 2 3 4
No Per No Per No Per No Per
North-
117,776 5.2 585,170 25.9 610,003 27 291,385 12.9
Central
North-East 25,473 3.7 134,292 19.6 162,486 23.7 35,366 5.2
North-West 112,913 4 574,087 20.5 517,404 18.5 398,143 14.2
South-East 273,072 15.6 470,260 26.9 310,183 17.7 261,440 14.9
South-South 190,330 8.6 611,001 27.7 795,923 36.1 315,233 14.3
South-West 220,594 4.9 1,074,561 23.7 999,955 22.1 1,006,879 22.3
Total 940,158 6.6 3,449,372 24.2 3,395,955 23.9 2,308,447 16.2

[83]
 Table 3.18C: Distribution of Households that share toilet facilities by the number of households and
zone
households in total use of this toilet facility
Zone 5 6 7 8
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
North-
169,248 7.5 237,296 10.5 85,496 3.8 37,514 1.7
Central
North-East 85,571 12.5 34,130 5 14,097 2.1 52,926 7.7
North-West 567,739 20.2 151,911 5.4 196,350 7 233,081 8.3
South-East 52,620 3 23,264 1.3 51,513 2.9 0 0
South-South 180,597 8.2 36,768 1.7 39,472 1.8 0 0
South-West 522,837 11.6 348,797 7.7 0 0 192,662 4.3
Total 1,578,612 11.1 832,165 5.8 386,928 2.7 516,182 3.6

Table 3.18D: Distribution of Households that share toilet facilities by the number of households and
zone
households in total use of this toilet facility
Zone 9 10 and above Don't Know Total
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
North-
58,888 2.6 22,683 1 45,365 2 2,260,823 100
Central
North-East 29,925 4.4 110,303 16.1 0 0 684,569 100
North-West 45,347 1.6 6,802 0.2 0 0 2,803,776 100
South-East 0 0 307,968 17.6 0 0 1,750,321 100
South-South 18,384 0.8 18,384 0.8 0 0 2,206,092 100
South-West 0 0 143,243 3.2 15,041 0.3 4,524,569 100
Total 152,544 1.1 609,382 4.3 60,406 0.4 14,230,150 100

Table 3.19: Distribution of Head of household by Religion and zone

Christianity Islam Traditional Others No religion Total

Zone
North-Central 26.2 73.5 0.3 0 0 100
North-East 22.8 77.2 0 0 0 100
North-West 28.1 71.9 0 0 0 100
South-East 96.4 0.2 3 0 0.4 100
South-South 84.8 11.5 3.5 0 0.3 100
South-West 59.2 38.7 2.1 0 0 100
Total 53.4 45 1.6 0 0.1 100

[84]
Table 3.20: Distribution of Head of household by Mother tongue and zone

Hausa Yoruba Igbo others Total

Zone
North-
11.3 74.3 0.6 13.8 100
Central
North-East 45.3 0.3 0.2 54.2 100
North-West 73.8 1.2 1.3 23.7 100
South-East 0 0.2 96.5 3.3 100
South-South 0.2 5.1 8.2 86.5 100
South-West 1.6 92 4.4 2.1 100
Total 21.8 36.2 15 27 100

Table 3.21: Distribution of Household with average

number of rooms by zone

Zone Average
North-Central 2
North-East 3
North-West 3
South-East 3
South-South 2
South-West 2
Total 3

Table 3.22: Distribution of Household by Type of flooring material and zone

North- North- North- South- South- South-
Total
Flooring Material Central East West East South West
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
Earth Sand 2.4 34.3 29 1.9 9.9 22.4 100
Dung 0 20.6 79.4 0 0 0 100
Wood planks 0 0 51.9 0 0 48.1 100
Palm/Bamboo 0 63.2 0 0 0 36.8 100
Parquet or polished
0 100 0 0 0 0 100
wood
Vinyl or asphalt strips 0 0 0 100 0 0 100
Ceramic tiles 4.4 0.7 6.7 25 41.5 21.7 100
Cement 18.1 4 18.7 14 15.2 29.9 100
Carpet 5.8 2 48.9 23.5 19.9 0 100
Other (specify) 0 0 40.5 0 0 59.5 100
Total 13.7 10.1 20.6 12.6 16 27.1 100

[85]
Table 3.23: Distribution of Household by Type of roofing material and zone
North- North- North- South- South- South-
Roofing Total
Central East West East South West
Materials
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
No Roof 0 0 34.1 9 0 56.9 100
Thatch/palm leaf 0 67.4 0.7 0 0 31.9 100
Sod 0 100 0 0 0 0 100
Rustic mat 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Palm/bamboo 0 24.6 19.5 0 0 55.9 100
Wood planks 0 14 38.1 0 0 47.9 100
Plastic sheeting 0 11.4 0 72.3 16.3 0 100
Iron Sheets/Zinc 15.2 7.6 21.4 13.5 17.5 24.9 100
Wood 2.2 26.4 16 0 9.4 45.9 100
Calamine/cement
0 0 0 2.9 10.2 86.9 100
fiber
Ceramic tiles 0 0 8.5 20.2 41.7 29.6 100
Cement 8.6 3.7 18.7 17.2 6 45.8 100
Roofing shingles 0 0 0 8.3 5.4 86.4 100
Other (specify) 0 41.8 53.8 4.4 0 0 100
Total 13.7 10.1 20.6 12.6 16 27.1 100

Table 3.24: Distribution of Household by Type of wall material and zone

North- North- North- South- South- South-
Total
Wall Material Central East West East South West
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
No walls 0 0 54.4 0 0 45.6 100
Cane/palm/trunks 0 44.8 0 3.8 0 51.4 100
Dirt 0 55.7 14.3 30 0 0 100
Bamboo with mud 7.2 19.1 29.5 0 20.4 23.9 100
Stone with mud 8.5 30.5 45.5 0.3 4.5 10.6 100
Uncovered adobe 0 0 0 0 0 100 100
Plywood 0 0 0 0 0 100 100
Reused wood 0 0 0 100 0 0 100
Cement 18 3.6 9.4 20.1 18.7 30.1 100
Stone with
2.9 66.9 5.5 2.1 13.3 9.2 100
lime/cement
Bricks 3.8 0.8 74.3 0 1 19.9 100
Cement blocks 15.9 4.3 11.4 13.8 23.5 31.1 100
Covered adobe 0 0 0 0 14.1 85.9 100
Wood planks/shingles 0 0 0 4.7 87.3 8 100
Other (specify) 0 40.3 0 46.4 0 13.3 100
Total 13.7 10.1 20.6 12.6 16 27.1 100

[86]
Table 3.25: Distribution of Household by cooking fuel used and Zone
North- North- North- South- South- South-
Total
Fuel used for Cooking Central East West East South West
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
Electricity 11.9 2.1 53.3 3.1 13.8 15.7 100
Liquid Propane Gas
13 0.1 3.5 16.9 24 42.4 100
(LPG)
Natural gas 4.6 1.9 2.4 10.3 6.2 74.6 100
Biogas 0 0 0 100 0 0 100
Kerosene 5.9 0.9 3.2 31.1 29.6 29.2 100
Coal / Lignite 25.2 0 74.8 0 0 0 100
Charcoal 61.5 9.3 18 1.5 8.2 1.6 100
Wood 10.9 16.1 30.3 9.9 14.3 18.4 100
Straw/shrubs/grass 22.5 77.5 0 0 0 0 100
Agricultural crop
0 100 0 0 0 0 100
residue
Other (specify) 38.2 0 0 61.8 0 0 100
Total 13.7 10.1 20.6 12.6 16 27.1 100

Table 3.26: Distribution of Household that cook by open fire or stove

and zone
Open Open Closed Other
Total
Zone fire stove stove (specify)
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
North-Central 69.4 6.3 23.4 0.9 100
North-East 93.8 5.2 1 0 100
North-West 89.5 9.9 0.6 0 100
South-East 65.7 25.9 8 0.4 100
South-South 76.3 19.3 4.4 0 100
South-West 65.3 19.9 14.3 0.5 100
Total 77.7 13.9 8.1 0.3 100

Table 3.27: Distribution of Household that have chimney or hood in

their stove by zone

Yes No Total
Zone Percent Percent Percent
North-Central 28.5 71.5 100
North-East 10.7 89.3 100
North-West 13.3 86.7 100
South-East 17.1 82.9 100
South-South 13.4 86.6 100
South-West 20.5 79.5 100
Total 16.5 83.5 100

[87]
Table 3.28: Distribution of Household that cook in separate rooms or outdoors by zone

In a
In the
separate Outdoors Others Total
Zone house
building
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
North-Central 34.1 8.7 56.7 0.4 100
North-East 45.3 20.2 34.4 0 100
North-West 12.9 52.9 34.2 0 100
South-East 26.7 22.6 50.7 0 100
South-South 29.8 32.1 38.1 0 100
South-West 43.9 18.8 36.9 0.4 100
Total 31.9 27.2 40.7 0.2 100

Table 3.29: Distribution of Households with appliances by zone

Zone
North- North- North- South- South- South-
Household Appliances Total
Central East West East South West
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
Yes 18.1 6.8 13.5 16.7 18.6 26.3 100
Electricity No 5.1 16.6 34.3 4.5 10.8 28.7 100
Total 13.7 10.1 20.6 12.6 16 27.1 100
Yes 15.9 7.3 14.7 14.1 18.5 29.4 100
Radio No 8.6 16.4 34 9.1 10.1 21.8 100
Total 13.7 10.1 20.6 12.6 16 27.1 100
Yes 16.1 4.7 11.9 16.4 22.1 28.9 100
Television No 10.8 16.9 31.5 7.8 8.3 24.8 100
Total 13.7 10.1 20.6 12.6 16 27.1 100
Yes 20.1 4.5 7.8 17.2 22.7 27.6 100
VCR/VCD No 12 11.6 23.9 11.4 14.2 26.9 100
Total 13.7 10.1 20.6 12.6 16 27.1 100
Yes 15.9 3.8 9.2 17.9 22 31.2 100
DVD No 12 14.8 29 8.6 11.5 24 100
Total 13.7 10.1 20.6 12.6 16 27.1 100
Yes 15.1 8.4 17.8 14 18.3 26.3 100
Mobile Telephone No 5.7 19.8 36.7 4 2.4 31.4 100
Total 13.7 10.1 20.6 12.6 16 27.1 100
Yes 2.5 0 47.4 9.7 16.6 23.8 100
Land Line Telephone No 13.8 10.2 20.3 12.6 16 27.1 100
Total 13.7 10.1 20.6 12.6 16 27.1 100
Yes 20.9 9 19 13.6 12.1 25.4 100
Sewing Machine
No 13 10.2 20.7 12.5 16.4 27.2 100
[88]
 Total 13.7 10.1 20.6 12.6 16 27.1 100
Yes 11.2 3.9 10.6 18.6 27.4 28.3 100
Refrigerator No 14.5 12.1 23.7 10.7 12.4 26.7 100
Total 13.7 10.1 20.6 12.6 16 27.1 100
Yes 3.6 4.8 23.1 24.9 11.7 31.9 100
Water Pump No 14.2 10.3 20.4 12 16.2 26.9 100
Total 13.7 10.1 20.6 12.6 16 27.1 100
Yes 18.4 4.8 13.4 15.4 20.5 27.5 100
Clock No 7.4 17.1 30.1 8.9 9.9 26.6 100
Total 13.7 10.1 20.6 12.6 16 27.1 100
Yes 9.2 1.5 5.7 24.2 24.1 35.2 100
Generator No 15 12.6 24.9 9.1 13.6 24.7 100
Total 13.7 10.1 20.6 12.6 16 27.1 100
Yes 8.7 3.3 17 15.4 35.7 20 100
Computer No 14 10.5 20.8 12.4 14.9 27.5 100
Total 13.7 10.1 20.6 12.6 16 27.1 100
Yes 19.5 4.7 8.2 17 22 28.5 100
Fan No 6.2 17.1 36.4 6.9 8.2 25.2 100
Total 13.7 10.1 20.6 12.6 16 27.1 100
Yes 3.3 2 21.5 24.1 23.3 25.8 100
Air Conditioner No 14 10.3 20.5 12.3 15.8 27.1 100
Total 13.7 10.1 20.6 12.6 16 27.1 100
Yes 14.7 2.1 11 9.3 27.1 35.8 100
Blender/Mixer/Food
No 13.6 11.2 21.9 13 14.4 25.8 100
Processor
Total 13.7 10.1 20.6 12.6 16 27.1 100
Yes 14.7 10.6 19.7 5.9 29.7 19.4 100
Water Heater No 13.6 10.1 20.6 13.2 14.7 27.8 100
Total 13.7 10.1 20.6 12.6 16 27.1 100

[89]
 Table 3.30: Distribution of Household that own the items by zones

North- North- North- South- South- South-

Total
Own item Central East West East South West
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
Yes 17.5 3.4 12.5 13.1 20.7 32.8 100
Watch No 8.4 19.4 31.8 11.9 9.4 19.2 100
Total 13.7 10.1 20.6 12.6 16 27.1 100
Yes 5.4 15.6 31.2 9.8 24.6 13.4 100
Bicycle No 14.7 9.5 19.3 12.9 15 28.7 100
Total 13.7 10.1 20.6 12.6 16 27.1 100
Yes 22.4 9.4 21.5 9.2 19 18.5 100
Motocycle/Scooter No 10.4 10.4 20.2 13.8 14.9 30.3 100
Total 13.7 10.1 20.6 12.6 16 27.1 100
Yes 0 53.8 36 3.5 3.1 3.6 100
Animal draw-cart No 14 9.2 20.2 12.8 16.3 27.6 100
Total 13.7 10.1 20.6 12.6 16 27.1 100
Yes 19.3 3.2 11.8 18.6 20.1 27 100
Car/Truck No 13.1 10.8 21.4 12 15.6 27.1 100
Total 13.7 10.1 20.6 12.6 16 27.1 100
Yes 0 48.5 33.3 5 3 10.2 100
Engine Boat with
No 13.8 9.8 20.5 12.6 16.1 27.2 100
motor
Total 13.7 10.1 20.6 12.6 16 27.1 100

Table 4.1A: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by zone, school attendance and sex
North-Central North-East North-West
Attendance
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Never 1,214,615 9.9 4,752,166 38.7 2,432,388 19.8
Now in School 4,861,668 17.8 2,020,567 7.4 5,621,382 20.6
Before but not
7,307,910 13.1 4,482,345 8 12,719,927 22.8
now
Total 13,384,193 14 11,255,078 11.8 20,773,697 21.8

Table 4.1B: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by zone, school attendance and sex
South-East South-South South-West
Attendance
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Never 186,110 1.5 207,092 1.7 3,501,217 28.5
Now in
2,809,376 10.3 5,094,289 18.7 6,861,698 25.2
School
Before but
8,948,794 16.1 8,897,635 16 13,395,965 24
not now
Total 11,944,280 12.5 14,199,016 14.9 23,758,880 24.9

[90]
Table 4.2A: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by zone, school attendance and sex
Sex Zone
Attendance North-Central North-East North-West
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Male 373,610 8.1 2,029,594 44.2 694,709 15.1
Never Female 841,005 10.9 2,722,572 35.4 1,737,679 22.6
Total 1,214,615 9.9 4,752,166 38.7 2,432,388 19.8
Male 2,487,058 16.5 1,245,852 8.3 3,366,753 22.4
Now in School Female 2,374,610 19.4 774,716 6.3 2,254,629 18.4
Total 4,861,668 17.8 2,020,567 7.4 5,621,382 20.6

Male 3,605,676 13.3 2,038,127 7.5 6,440,567 23.7

Before but not now
Female 3,702,234 12.9 2,444,218 8.5 6,279,360 22
Total 7,307,910 13.1 4,482,345 8 12,719,927 22.8
Male 6,466,344 13.8 5,313,572 11.4 10,502,029 22.5
Total Female 6,917,848 14.3 5,941,506 12.2 10,271,668 21.2
Total 13,384,193 14 11,255,078 11.8 20,773,697 21.8

Table 4.2B: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by zone, school attendance and sex
Zone
Attendance South-East South-South South-West Total
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
426,267 9.3 209,912 4.6 781,492 17.0 4,595,334 100
Never 509,848 6.6 747,180 9.7 1,219,725 15.8 7,698,253 100
936,115 7.6 957,092 7.8 2,001,217 16.3 12,293,587 100
1,616,278 10.8 2,617,572 17.4 3,701,280 24.6 15,034,791 100
Now in School 1,193,099 9.8 2,476,717 20.2 3,160,418 25.8 12,234,189 100
2,809,376 10.3 5,094,289 18.7 6,861,698 25.2 27,268,980 100

4,211,849 15.5 4,190,224 15.4 6,660,202 24.5 27,146,645 100

Before but not
now 4,736,945 16.6 4,707,412 16.5 6,735,763 23.5 28,605,932 100
8,948,794 16.1 8,897,635 16 13,395,965 24 55,752,577 100
6,254,393 13.4 7,017,708 15.0 11,142,973 23.8 46,776,769 100
Total 6,439,892 13.3 7,931,308 16.3 11,115,906 22.9 48,538,374 100
12,694,286 13.3 14,949,017 15.7 22,258,880 23.4 95,315,144 100

[91]
Table 4.3A: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by School Attendance, Age group and sex
15-19 years 20-24 years
Attendance Male Female Male Female
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Never 758,841 41.2 1,084,767 58.8 646,404 30.7 1,459,680 69.3
Now in
9,083,178 53.1 8,022,023 46.9 3,510,160 61.4 2,206,380 38.6
School
Before but
2,697,673 49.9 2,713,003 50.1 5,691,560 46.1 6,656,115 53.9
not now
Total 12,539,693 51.5 11,819,793 48.5 9,848,124 48.8 10,322,174 51.2

Table 4.3B: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by School Attendance, Age group and sex
25-29 years 30-35 years
Attendance Male Female Male Female
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Never 1,052,139 34.8 1,969,189 65.2 2,137,949 40.2 3,184,619 59.8
Now in
1,510,368 57 1,139,312 43 931,084 51.8 866,473 48.2
School
Before but
7,594,168 47.3 8,448,393 52.7 11,163,244 50.9 10,788,421 49.1
not now
Total 10,156,676 46.8 11,556,894 53.2 14,232,277 49 14,839,513 51

Table 4.4A: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by Age group, Level of education and sex
Below Primary Primary
Age Group Male Female Male Female
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
15-19 years 44,893 40.1 67,096 59.9 1,091,641 48.8 1,147,326 51.2
20-24 years 0 0 44,893 100 550,407 27.2 1,475,905 72.8
25-29 years 31,289 13.5 200,801 86.5 1,076,089 36.7 1,859,159 63.3
30-35 years 76,182 100 0 0 2,032,650 37.4 3,395,425 62.6
Total 152,364 32.8 312,790 67.2 4,750,788 37.6 7,877,815 62.4

Table 4.4B: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by Age group, Level of education and sex
Secondary Post-Secondary
Age Group Male Female Male Female
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
15-19 years 10,134,141 52.6 9,121,742 47.4 510,176 56.1 398,863 43.9
20-24 years 6,672,846 55.6 5,321,099 44.4 1,978,466 49.5 2,020,598 50.5
25-29 years 5,723,373 50.3 5,666,166 49.7 2,273,785 55 1,861,579 45
30-35 years 7,058,154 52.5 6,393,855 47.5 2,927,341 61.1 1,865,614 38.9
Total 29,588,515 52.8 26,502,862 47.2 7,689,769 55.6 6,146,654 44.4

[92]
Table 4.5A: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by zone, Level of education and sex
Zone
Attendance Sex North-Central North-East North-West
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Male 0 0 0 0 152,364 100
Below Primary Female 0 0 15,334 4.9 275,253 88
Total 0 0 15,334 3.3 427,618 91.9
Male 361,615 7.6 612,848 12.9 1,440,659 30.3
Primary Female 694,595 8.8 1,106,860 14.1 3,077,442 39.1
Total 1,056,210 8.4 1,719,708 13.6 4,518,101 35.8
Male 4,094,756 13.8 2,063,724 7 6,927,589 23.4
Secondary Female 3,910,054 14.8 1,709,073 6.4 4,502,457 17
Total 8,004,811 14.3 3,772,797 6.7 11,430,046 20.4
Male 1,636,363 21.3 607,407 7.9 1,286,708 16.7
Post-Secondary Female 1,472,194 24 387,667 6.3 678,838 11
Total 3,108,558 22.5 995,074 7.2 1,965,545 14.2

Table 4.5B: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by zone, Level of education and sex
Zone
Attendance Sex South-East South-South South-West Total
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Male 0 0 0 0 0 0 152,364 100
Below
Female 0 0 0 0 22,203 7.1 312,790 100
Primary
Total 0 0 0 0 22,203 4.8 465,154 100
Male 364,743 7.7 653,447 13.8 1,317,477 27.7 4,750,788 100
Primary Female 293,567 3.7 668,316 8.5 2,037,035 25.9 7,877,815 100
Total 658,309 5.2 1,321,763 10.5 3,354,512 26.6 12,628,603 100
Male 4,604,286 15.6 4,640,634 15.7 7,257,526 24.5 29,588,515 100
Secondary Female 4,626,996 17.5 5,167,014 19.5 6,587,268 24.9 26,502,862 100
Total 9,231,282 16.5 9,807,648 17.5 13,844,794 24.7 56,091,377 100
Male 859,097 11.2 1,513,715 19.7 1,786,479 23.2 7,689,769 100
Post-
Female 1,009,481 16.4 1,348,798 21.9 1,249,676 20.3 6,146,654 100
Secondary
Total 1,868,579 13.5 2,862,513 20.7 3,036,155 21.9 13,836,423 100

Table 4.6: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by zone, Type of Education and sex
Formal Informal
zone Male Female Male Female
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
North-
6,017,053 49.9 6,045,001 50.1 75,682 70.4 31,843 29.6
Central
North-East 3,189,627 52.6 2,870,590 47.4 94,351 21.3 348,344 78.7
North-West 7,944,031 55.9 6,258,728 44.1 1,863,289 45 2,275,262 55
South-East 5,784,922 49.7 5,851,113 50.3 43,204 35.4 78,931 64.6
South-South 5,729,622 48.6 6,064,591 51.4 1,078,174 49.1 1,119,538 50.9
South-West 9,608,024 51.9 8,913,176 48.1 753,458 43.4 983,005 56.6
Total 38,273,279 51.5 36,003,199 48.5 3,908,157 44.7 4,836,922 55.3

[93]
Table 4.7: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by Course of Study and Age group
Age Group
15-19 20-24 25-29 30-35
Course of Study Total
years years years years
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent

Agriculture &
9.8 16.1 23.5 50.7 100
Agriculture related

Arts 4.3 33.5 25.7 36.5 100

Engineering 9.4 34.7 23.4 32.6 100
Law 10.9 20.9 22.4 45.8 100
Management
6.9 24 40.1 29 100
Sciences
Medicine 5.3 35.8 33.7 25.2 100

Medical Related 5.4 50.3 13.6 30.8 100

Pure & Applied

8.4 27.1 29.3 35.2 100
Sciences

Social Sciences 5.3 31.3 29.8 33.6 100

Total 6.7 29.3 29.9 34 100

Table 4.8A: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by zone and Course of Study

Agriculture &
Management
Agriculture Arts Engineering Law
Sciences
zone related

Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent

North-Central 1.4 13.3 8.7 1.7 26.7

North-East 0.8 18.2 3.6 4.4 5.8
North-West 10.5 8.1 3.4 16.3 19.5
South-East 2.5 8.7 12.6 5 30.9
South-South 1.6 12.2 7.7 5.2 21.7
South-West 5.2 8.4 9.8 10.1 32.1
Total 3.6 11 8.2 6.9 24.9

[94]
Table 4.8B: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by zone and Course of Study

Pure &
Medical Social
Medicine Applied Total
Related Sciences
zone Sciences

Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent

North-
0 3.2 10.2 34.8 100
Central
North-East 0 9.1 5.9 52.2 100
North-West 1.7 0.7 8.8 31.1 100
South-East 3.4 6 7 23.9 100
South-South 1.9 5.2 6.6 37.8 100
South-West 1.7 5.3 8.8 18.6 100
Total 1.5 4.5 8.2 31.2 100

Table 5.1: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 Accessibility to Health Care Facilities by Zone and
Type of Health Facility
Private Public Religious Community
Dispensary Dispensary Dispensary Health Pharmacist Total
zone
/Hospital /Hospital /Hospital Centre / Chemist
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
North-Central 23.2 71.5 0 5.3 0 100
North-East 3.7 87 0.3 7.4 1.6 100
North-West 21.6 20.9 0.3 56.9 0.3 100
South-East 19.5 20.5 7.3 31.7 21 100
South-South 38.7 15.6 0.1 40 5.7 100
South-West 13.3 12.1 0.3 66.3 8.1 100
Total 21.1 32.9 1.3 38.5 6.2 100

Table 5.2: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by distance to Health Facility and Type of Health Facility
Commu
Private Public Religious
nity
Dispensary Dispensary/Ho Dispensary/Ho Pharmacist/Ch Total
Distance Health
/Hospital spital spital emist
Centre
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
0 < 1
20.2 34.2 1.7 31.9 12 100
Kilometre
1 - 2
21.7 32.5 1.2 41.9 2.6 100
Kilometres
3 - 4
23.6 37.2 0.7 36.8 1.6 100
Kilometres
5
Kilometres 20.7 24.7 0.4 54.2 0 100
and above
Total 21.1 32.9 1.3 38.5 6.2 100
[95]
 Table 5.3: Distribution of youth Aged 15-35 by Accessibility to Health Care
Facilities and zone
zone Primary Secondary Tertiary Total
Percent Percent Percent Percent
North-Central 61.5 32.1 6.4 100
North-East 79.7 19.5 0.7 100
North-West 88.7 11.3 0 100
South-East 58.8 37.8 3.4 100
South-South 85.1 14.4 0.5 100
South-West 82.2 17.3 0.5 100
Total 76.6 21.5 1.9 100

Table 5.4: Percentage Distribution of Youth Aged 15-35 by Assessment of Cost of Service in Health
Facilities and zone

zone Free Low Moderate Expensive Very Expensive Total

Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent

North-Central 0.1 6.1 78.4 13.1 2.2 100
North-East 0 7.9 68.4 21.9 1.9 100
North-West 2.9 11.7 76 9.4 0.1 100
South-East 0 2.9 51.8 37.1 8.2 100
South-South 0.7 11.7 75.4 11.8 0.4 100
South-West 0 14.8 63.6 21 0.7 100
Total 0.8 9.7 69.6 17.9 1.9 100

Table 6.1A: Distribution of Youth Aged 15-35 by Type of farming, Sex and zone
Crop
Yes No
zone
Male Female Male Female
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
North-
1,472,070 77.1 438,324 22.9 76,118 17.5 359,433 82.5
Central
North-East 3,006,119 70.9 1,234,599 29.1 214,052 33.6 423,280 66.4
North-
4,498,375 66.9 2,227,648 33.1 93,187 45.8 110,192 54.2
West
South-East 581,317 38.3 938,305 61.7 104,687 41 150,384 59
South-
1,969,262 57.6 1,447,207 42.4 47,853 59.6 32,443 40.4
South
South-
1,555,380 52.5 1,405,930 47.5 730,897 77.1 217,013 22.9
West
Total 13,082,523 63 7,692,014 37 1,266,794 49.5 1,292,745 50.5

[96]
Table 6.1B: Distribution of Youth Aged 15-35 by Type of farming, Sex and zone
Livestock Poultry

Yes No Yes No
zone
Male Female Male Female

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

North-
656,427 28 1,689,518 72 457,580 19.5 1,888,366 80.5
Central
North-East 1,426,763 29.2 3,451,287 70.8 397,436 8.1 4,480,614 91.9
North-
627,823 9.1 6,301,580 90.9 120,848 1.7 6,808,554 98.3
West
South-East 139,583 7.9 1,635,110 92.1 228,206 12.9 1,546,486 87.1
South-
118,686 3.4 3,378,079 96.6 32,443 0.9 3,464,322 99.1
South
South-
224,175 5.7 3,685,045 94.3 195,527 5 3,713,694 95
West
Total 3,193,456 13.7 20,140,619 86.3 1,432,040 6.1 21,902,036 93.9

Table 6.1C: Distribution of Youth Aged 15-35 by Type of farming, Sex and zone
Fishing Forestry
Yes No Yes No
zone
Male Female Male Female
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
North-
30,534 1.3 2,315,411 98.7 0 0 2,345,945 100
Central
North-
0 0 4,878,050 100 0 0 4,878,050 100
East
North-
0 0 6,929,403 100 0 0 6,929,403 100
West
South-
381,360 21.5 1,393,333 78.5 19,940 1.1 1,754,752 98.9
East
South-
142,747 4.1 3,354,017 95.9 0 0 3,496,764 100
South
South-
637,073 16.3 3,272,147 83.7 249,243 6.4 3,659,978 93.6
West
Total 1,191,714 5.1 22,142,361 94.9 269,183 1.2 23,064,892 98.8

[97]
Table 6.2: Distribution of Youth Aged 15-35 by Type of farming and
zone
Zone
Type of North- North- North- South- South- South-
Item Total
Farming Central East West East South West
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
Yes 9.2 20.4 32.4 7.3 16.4 14.3 100
Crop No 17 24.9 7.9 10 3.1 37 100
Total 10.1 20.9 29.7 7.6 15 16.8 100
Yes 20.6 44.7 19.7 4.4 3.7 7 100
Livestock No 8.4 17.1 31.3 8.1 16.8 18.3 100
Total 10.1 20.9 29.7 7.6 15 16.8 100
Yes 32 27.8 8.4 15.9 2.3 13.7 100
Poultry No 8.6 20.5 31.1 7.1 15.8 17 100
Total 10.1 20.9 29.7 7.6 15 16.8 100
Yes 2.6 0 0 32 12 53.5 100
Fishing No 10.5 22 31.3 6.3 15.1 14.8 100
Total 10.1 20.9 29.7 7.6 15 16.8 100
Yes 0 0 0 7.4 0 92.6 100
Forestry No 10.2 21.1 30 7.6 15.2 15.9 100
Total 10.1 20.9 29.7 7.6 15 16.8 100

Table 6.3: Distribution of Youth Aged 15-35 who are in Agriculture by zone, Employment Status and sex

Employer Employee

zone Male Female Total Male Female Total

Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent

North-Central 44.9 55.1 100 45.9 54.1 100

North-East 67.3 32.7 100 72.7 27.3 100

North-West 34.6 65.4 100 82.1 17.9 100

South-East 64 36 100 47.1 52.9 100

South-South 34.9 65.1 100 46.6 53.4 100

South-West 52.4 47.6 100 49.9 50.1 100

Total 48.4 51.6 100 52.6 47.4 100

[98]
 Table 6.4: Distribution of Youth Aged 15-35 in
Agriculture by zone and Employment Status
zone Employer Employee Total
Percent Percent Percent
North-Central 67.3 32.7 100
North-East 44.2 55.8 100
North-West 50.4 49.6 100
South-East 64.5 35.5 100
South-South 35.1 64.9 100
South-West 29 71 100
Total 47.4 52.6 100

Table 6.5: Distribution of Youth Aged 15-35 by Average Annual Turnover of

Agriculture Firm/Business, Type of Farming Activity and zone
zone Crop Livestock Poultry Fishing Forestry
Average Average Average Average Average
North-Central 150,091 107,325 38,594 400,000 .
North-East 156,911 272,337 56,761 . .
North-West 260,849 148,740 453,396 . .
South-East 148,206 81,861 111,170 133,374 43,000
South-South 315,232 791,800 400,000 595,636 .
South-West 333,620 252,061 121,103 144,125 286,621
Total 240,524 223,676 109,659 201,324 268,574

Table 6.6: Distribution of Youth's Maximum Annual Turnover of Agriculture

Firm/Business by zone and Type of Farming Activity
zone Crop Livestock Poultry Fishing Forestry
Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum
North-Central 1,200,000 880,000 400,000 400,000 .
North-East 1,500,000 4,000,000 200,000 . .
North-West 18,000,000 1,000,568 3,000,000 . .
South-East 700,000 245,000 500,000 300,000 53,000
South-South 7,000,000 5,000,000 650,000 5,000,000 .
South-West 7,600,000 500,000 220,000 800,000 850,000
Total 18,000,000 5,000,000 3,000,000 5,000,000 850,000

[99]
 Table 6.7: Distribution of Youth's Average Annual Turnover in Agriculture by
Distance to Market/Input and Type of Farming Activity

Distance Crop Livestock Poultry Fishing Forestry

Average Average Average Average Average
0 < 1 Kilometre 336,897 369,217 305,439 889,393 62,257
1 - 2 Kilometres 162,872 154,619 111,469 137,857 .
3 - 4 Kilometres 215,348 194,346 167,811 141,644 16,000
5 Kilometres and
169,314 225,785 49,219 135,939 324,879
above
Total 206,883 220,560 112,104 197,355 272,428

Table 6.8: Distribution of Youth Annual Turnover in Agriculture by Distance to

Market/Input and Type of Farming Activity
Distance Crop Livestock Poultry Fishing Forestry
Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum
0 < 1 Kilometre 6,000,000 5,000,000 3,000,000 5,000,000 98,000
1 - 2 Kilometres 7,000,000 4,000,000 650,000 300,000 .
3 - 4 Kilometres 9,507,563 500,000 540,000 400,000 16,000
5 Kilometres and above 3,000,000 1,200,000 200,000 800,000 850,000
Total 9,507,563 5,000,000 3,000,000 5,000,000 850,000

Table 6.9: Distribution of Youth who have access to Market/Input by zone and sex
zone Yes No
Male Female Total Male Female Total
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
North-Central 65.8 34.2 100 71.9 28.1 100
North-East 65.6 34.4 100 70.8 29.2 100
North-West 66.9 33.1 100 64.1 35.9 100
South-East 38.3 61.7 100 46.2 53.8 100
South-South 57.1 42.9 100 79.9 20.1 100
South-West 59.8 40.2 100 52.4 47.6 100
Total 61.4 38.6 100 62.4 37.6 100

[100]
Table 7.1: Distribution of Youth in Employment by zone and sex
zone Yes No
Male Female Total Male Female Total
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
North-Central 45.3 54.7 100 51.5 48.5 100
North-East 70.3 29.7 100 43.6 56.4 100
North-West 58.2 41.8 100 49.5 50.5 100
South-East 58 42 100 46.2 53.8 100
South-South 42.5 57.5 100 51 49 100
South-West 50.7 49.3 100 48.7 51.3 100
Total 50.6 49.4 100 48.5 51.5 100

Table 7.2: Distribution of Unemployed Youth by reasons for not working and Zone
North- North- North- South- South- South-
Item Total
Central East West East South West
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
Looked and
available for
6.7 9.3 36.3 12.3 19.1 16.3 100
work but
could not get

Sick 1.8 9.2 62.1 6.3 3.7 16.9 100

Believed no
1.3 18.9 40.2 2.7 11.1 25.8 100
job available
Waiting to
1.7 15.9 20.8 30.2 8.2 23.1 100
join work
Laid off 30
0 93 2.3 0 0 4.8 100
days or less

Student 17.9 8.1 14.5 11.8 17.9 29.8 100

Others 10.7 16.5 25.1 18.1 2.9 26.8 100

Total 9.5 14.2 26.5 12.5 14 23.4 100

[101]
Table 7.3: Distribution of Youth in Employment by zone and Employment Status
zone Employer Employee Total
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
North-Central 4,634,841 67.3 2,248,422 32.7 6,883,264 100
North-East 665,897 44.2 839,141 55.8 1,505,038 100
North-West 1,291,469 50.4 1,271,063 49.6 2,562,532 100
South-East 2,170,177 64.5 1,192,268 35.5 3,362,444 100
South-South 1,606,176 35.1 2,969,573 64.9 4,575,749 100
South-West 2,232,800 29 5,476,180 71 7,708,980 100
Total 12,601,360 47.4 13,996,647 52.6 26,598,007 100

Table 7.4: Distribution of Youth in Employment by zone and

Sector
North- North- North- South- South- South-
Sector Total
Central East West East South West
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
Fed/State/LG Civil
32.3 23.4 15 10.6 10.8 7.9 100
Service
Manufacturing 45.7 5.7 6.1 6.7 12.3 23.5 100
Building &
26.6 2.5 7 23 6.3 34.7 100
Construction
Mining & Quarrying 86.3 0 0 0 13.7 0 100
Financial
4.4 0 8.9 25.2 11.6 49.9 100
Intermediation
Private Professional
20.9 1.5 12.3 14.8 19.9 30.5 100
Service
Wholesale & Retail 26.4 7.4 7.9 12.3 22.8 23.2 100
Organised Road
16.1 8.3 6 12.9 5.9 50.8 100
Transport
Other Community
15.7 8.8 19.1 3.5 3.6 49.3 100
Service
Hotel & Restaurant 21.4 3 4.2 13.4 15.9 42.2 100
Oil & Gas 0 0 29.6 23.3 47.1 0 100
Electricity 46.8 0 0 20.4 25.7 7.1 100
Real Estate, Renting 0 0 16 15 15.2 53.8 100
Total 25.9 5.7 9.6 12.6 17.2 29 100

[102]
 Table 8.1A: Distribution of Youth with Political Affiliation by zone
and Sex
All Progressives Congress (APC) People's Democratic Party (PDP)

zone Male Female Male Female

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
North-Central 2,155,448 56 1,691,980 44 229,008 52.2 210,033 47.8
North-East 182,148 93.8 12,118 6.2 84,706 75.8 27,081 24.2
North-West 1,283,760 57.2 959,759 42.8 155,765 60.8 100,443 39.2
South-East 57,606 81.9 12,740 18.1 169,216 100 0 0
South-South 1,197,941 51.9 1,108,183 48.1 315,504 71.1 128,148 28.9
South-West 1,654,815 64.1 927,498 35.9 153,986 54.2 130,351 45.8
Total 6,531,717 58.1 4,712,278 41.9 1,108,185 65 596,056 35

Table 8.1B: Distribution of Youth with Political Affiliation by zone and Sex

Others
zone Male Female
Number Percent Number Percent
North-Central 0 0 0 0
North-East 0 0 8,903 100
North-West 31,289 100 0 0
South-East 172,817 88.1 23,264 11.9
South-South 0 0 0 0
South-West 35,811 100 0 0
Total 239,916 88.2 32,167 11.8

Table 8.2: Distribution of Youth in Elective Offices by zone and Sex

Yes No
zone Male Female Male Female
Percent Percent Percent Percent
North-Central 84.4 15.6 52.4 47.6
North-East 100 0 83.9 16.1
North-West 33.3 66.7 58.5 41.5
South-East 100 0 90.2 9.8
South-South 56.8 43.2 54.6 45.4
South-West 77.5 22.5 61.6 38.4
Total 71.6 28.4 58.1 41.9

[103]
Table 8.3: Distribution of Youth classified as Registered and Unregistered Voters
by zone and Sex
Yes No
zone Male Female Male Female
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
North-
4,294,289 50.7 4,169,410 49.3 2,172,055 44.1 2,748,439 55.9
Central
North-
3,796,168 46.8 4,321,466 53.2 1,517,404 48.4 1,620,040 51.6
East
North-
6,292,284 54.3 5,302,596 45.7 4,209,745 45.9 4,969,072 54.1
West
South-
4,003,029 50.4 3,932,684 49.6 1,909,844 47.6 2,098,724 52.4
East
South-
4,864,488 52.9 4,338,648 47.1 1,988,727 39.8 3,007,153 60.2
South
South-
5,668,961 53.5 4,935,318 46.5 6,059,776 46.1 7,094,826 53.9
West
Total 28,919,219 51.7 27,000,122 48.3 17,857,551 45.3 21,538,252 54.7

Table 8.4: Distribution of Youth with and without Leadership Training by

zone and Sex

Yes No

zone Male Female Male Female

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

North-
242,312 60.2 159,869 39.8 6,224,032 47.9 6,757,979 52.1
Central

North-East 40,683 53.8 34,995 46.2 5,272,889 47.2 5,906,511 52.8

North-West 316,745 61.6 197,711 38.4 10,185,283 50.3 10,073,958 49.7

South-East 97,209 60.9 62,314 39.1 5,815,663 49.3 5,969,094 50.7

South-South 666,424 48.2 716,439 51.8 6,186,791 48.3 6,629,361 51.7

South-West 88,453 43 117,459 57 11,640,284 49.4 11,912,684 50.6

Total 1,451,827 53 1,288,788 47 45,324,943 49 47,249,587 51

[104]
Table 8.5: Distribution of Youth by Type of Leadership Training and Sex
Male Female
Type of Training
Number Percent Number Percent
Autocratic leadership Training (e.g. Military). 106,131 83.6 20,859 16.4
Bureaucratic leadership Training. 128,656 80.2 31,813 19.8
Party Leader 647,773 46.4 747,973 53.6
Democratic leadership or participative leadership
19,291 43.6 24,983 56.4
Training.
People-oriented leadership or relations-oriented
149,344 68.5 68,528 31.5
leadership Training.
Servant leadership Training. 107,983 37.2 182,186 62.8
Task-oriented leadership Training. 172,530 48 186,808 52
Transactional leadership Training. 0 0 16,221 100
Transformational leadership Training. 49,768 100 0 0
Others 70,352 88.2 9,416 11.8
Total 1,451,827 53 1,288,788 47

Table 9.1: Distribution of Youth with or without Computer Literacy by zone and Sex
zone Yes No
Male Female Male Female
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
North-
2,955,325 56.5 2,274,595 43.5 3,511,020 43.1 4,643,254 56.9
Central
North-East 839,883 62.6 502,174 37.4 4,473,689 45.1 5,439,332 54.9
North-West 1,298,498 66.3 659,565 33.7 9,203,531 48.9 9,612,103 51.1
South-East 2,214,212 51.8 2,059,951 48.2 3,698,661 48.2 3,971,456 51.8
South-South 2,938,212 50.9 2,836,829 49.1 3,915,003 46.5 4,508,972 53.5
South-West 2,574,435 53.4 2,242,469 46.6 9,154,302 48.3 9,787,674 51.7
Total 12,820,564 54.8 10,575,583 45.2 33,956,205 47.2 37,962,792 52.8

[105]
 Table 9.2A: Distribution of Youth by zone and Type of Computer
Literacy
North-West
Type of North-Central North-East
Computer Item
Literacy Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Yes 5,113,234 23.4 1,207,889 5.5 1,412,998 6.5
Browsing the
No 116,685 7.5 134,169 8.6 545,065 34.8
Internet
Total 5,229,919 22.4 1,342,057 5.7 1,958,063 8.4
Yes 2,124,026 21.9 651,923 6.7 711,940 7.3
Word
No 3,105,894 22.7 690,134 5 1,246,123 9.1
Processing
Total 5,229,919 22.4 1,342,057 5.7 1,958,063 8.4
Yes 875,683 24 467,797 12.8 409,252 11.2
Graphics and
No 4,354,236 22 874,260 4.4 1,548,811 7.8
Design
Total 5,229,919 22.4 1,342,057 5.7 1,958,063 8.4
Specialized Yes 366,304 13.5 274,149 10.1 267,091 9.9
software No 4,863,616 23.5 1,067,908 5.2 1,690,972 8.2
packages Total 5,229,919 22.4 1,342,057 5.7 1,958,063 8.4
Yes 126,718 10.1 326,704 25.9 268,678 21.3
Certified IT
No 5,103,202 23.1 1,015,354 4.6 1,689,385 7.6
Professional
Total 5,229,919 22.4 1,342,057 5.7 1,958,063 8.4

Table 9.2B: Distribution of Youth by zone and Type of Computer Literacy

Type of South-East South-South South-West Total
Computer Item
Literacy Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Yes 4,191,908 19.2 5,612,288 25.7 4,293,709 19.7 21,832,026 100
Browsing
No 82,254 5.3 162,753 10.4 523,195 33.4 1,564,121 100
the Internet
Total 4,274,162 18.3 5,775,041 24.7 4,816,904 20.6 23,396,147 100
Yes 2,276,802 23.5 2,470,499 25.5 1,458,572 15 9,693,763 100
Word
No 1,997,360 14.6 3,304,542 24.1 3,358,332 24.5 13,702,384 100
Processing
Total 4,274,162 18.3 5,775,041 24.7 4,816,904 20.6 23,396,147 100
Yes 678,249 18.6 621,815 17.1 592,310 16.2 3,645,107 100
Graphics
No 3,595,913 18.2 5,153,226 26.1 4,224,594 21.4 19,751,040 100
and Design
Total 4,274,162 18.3 5,775,041 24.7 4,816,904 20.6 23,396,147 100
Specialized Yes 556,669 20.6 680,482 25.1 563,661 20.8 2,708,356 100
software No 3,717,494 18 5,094,559 24.6 4,253,243 20.6 20,687,791 100
packages Total 4,274,162 18.3 5,775,041 24.7 4,816,904 20.6 23,396,147 100
Yes 127,120 10.1 306,041 24.3 104,209 8.3 1,259,470 100
Certified IT
No 4,147,042 18.7 5,469,000 24.7 4,712,695 21.3 22,136,677 100
Professional
Total 4,274,162 18.3 5,775,041 24.7 4,816,904 20.6 23,396,147 100

[106]
Table 9.3: Distribution of Youth with Certified IT Professionals by Area of
specialization and sex
Male Female
Type
Number Percent Number Percent

Artificial Intelligence 97,118 54.9 79,796 45.1

Database Administration 143,663 57.5 105,988 42.5

Graphics & Design 319,158 56.6 244,246 43.4

Multimedia (Including CGI &

14,839 100 0 0
Animation)

Networking 71,218 74.6 24,245 25.4

Software Engineering 52,409 77.8 14,955 22.2

Web Design & Management 43,371 47.2 48,463 52.8

Total 741,777 58.9 517,693 41.1

Table 10.1: Distribution of Youth who were involved in conflict prevention by

zone and sex
zone Yes No
Male Female Male Female
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
North-Central 53,653 79.4 13,959 20.6 6,412,691 48.2 6,903,890 51.8
North-East 45,382 78.6 12,366 21.4 5,268,190 47 5,929,140 53
North-West 243,057 61.6 151,231 38.4 10,258,971 50.3 10,120,438 49.7
South-East 124,627 64.6 68,407 35.4 5,788,245 49.3 5,963,001 50.7
South-South 280,087 38.7 443,381 61.3 6,573,128 48.8 6,902,419 51.2
South-West 0 0 25,068 100 11,728,736 49.4 12,005,076 50.6
Total 746,808 51.1 714,410 48.9 46,029,962 49 47,823,964 51

[107]
 Table 10.2A: Distribution of Youth who were involved in conflict prevention
by zone and level of Involvement
North North North
Level of Item
Central East West
Involvement
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Ward 35,551 5.9 22,877 3.8 139,667 23.1
Community 21,592 3.9 26,957 4.9 102,030 18.4
Yes LGAs 0 0 0 0 17,685 43.2
State 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 57,143 4.7 49,834 4.1 259,382 21.3
Ward 147,438 28.7 8,903 1.7 146,243 28.5
Community 225,020 15.2 20,651 1.4 565,698 38.3
No LGAs 0 0 22,506 49.2 14,057 30.7
State 0 0 0 0 88,879 100
Total 372,457 17.5 52,060 2.5 814,877 38.4

Table 10.2B: Distribution of Youth who were involved in conflict prevention by zone and level of
Involvement

South- South- South-

Level of Item
East South West
Involvement
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Ward 38,219 6.3 368,763 60.9 0 0
Community 112,165 20.3 290,361 52.5 0 0
Yes LGAs 23,264 56.8 0 0 0 0
State 0 0 16,221 100 0 0
Total 173,647 14.3 675,345 55.6 0 0
Ward 35,450 6.9 121,119 23.6 53,716 10.5
Community 278,888 18.9 125,444 8.5 259,986 17.6
No LGAs 0 0 9,192 20.1 0 0
State 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 314,338 14.8 255,755 12 313,702 14.8

Table 10.3: Distribution of Youth who were involved in conflict prevention by zone and Type
of Conflict
zone Civil/Household Boundary Dispute Political Religious
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
North-Central 216,514 50.4 15,703 3.7 182,988 42.6 14,395 3.4
North-East 79,388 77.9 15,334 15 7,172 7 0 0
North-West 620,114 57.7 42,172 3.9 138,987 12.9 272,986 25.4
South-East 361,696 74.1 58,713 12 27,695 5.7 39,881 8.2
South-South 98,950 10.6 63,804 6.9 757,533 81.4 10,814 1.2
South-West 161,865 51.6 35,811 11.4 116,027 37 0 0
Total 1,538,526 46.1 231,537 6.9 1,230,402 36.9 338,076 10.1

[108]
Table 10.4: Distribution of Youth who were involved in conflict prevention by zone and
Type of Organisation
NGOs VYOs CBOs Faith Based
zone
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
North-
272,784 35 17,884 2.3 69,575 8.9 418,757 53.8
Central
North-East 30,914 3.7 5,688 0.7 8,903 1.1 780,775 94.5
North-West 26,301 5.3 0 0 61,898 12.5 405,625 82.1
South-East 570,516 12.5 0 0 164,231 3.6 3,824,673 83.9
South-South 761,048 25.2 1,545,616 51.1 266,029 8.8 450,140 14.9
South-West 100,270 40.8 0 0 0 0 145,392 59.2
Total 1,761,834 17.7 1,569,189 15.8 570,636 5.7 6,025,362 60.7

Table 10.5: Distribution of Youth with training and without training on conflict prevention
by zone and sex
Yes No
zone Male Female Male Female
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
North-
53,653 79.4 13,959 20.6 6,412,691 48.2 6,903,890 51.8
Central
North-East 45,382 78.6 12,366 21.4 5,268,190 47 5,929,140 53
North-West 243,057 61.6 151,231 38.4 10,258,971 50.3 10,120,438 49.7
South-East 124,627 64.6 68,407 35.4 5,788,245 49.3 5,963,001 50.7
South-South 280,087 38.7 443,381 61.3 6,573,128 48.8 6,902,419 51.2
South-West 0 0 25,068 100 11,728,736 49.4 12,005,076 50.6
Total 746,808 51.1 714,410 48.9 46,029,962 49 47,823,964 51

[109]
Table 11.1A: Distribution of Youth actively involved in Sport by zone and Level
Recreation
zone Male Female
Number Percent Number Percent
North-Central 2,995,019 67.7 1,428,698 32.3
North-East 1,426,144 87.5 203,541 12.5
North-West 1,905,008 85.5 324,001 14.5
South-East 2,068,259 77.2 610,951 22.8
South-South 2,187,438 65.4 1,159,280 34.6
South-West 3,874,007 80 970,710 20
Total 14,455,875 75.5 4,697,180 24.5

Table 11.1B: Distribution of Youth actively involved in Sport by zone and Level
As Profession
zone Male Female
Number Percent Number Percent
North-Central 59,978 100 0 0
North-East 135,158 95 7,172 5
North-West 165,061 59.8 110,872 40.2
South-East 95,825 100 0 0
South-South 70,833 65 38,120 35
South-West 455,513 85 80,574 15
Total 982,368 80.6 236,739 19.4

Table 11.2A: Distribution of Youth actively involved in Sport by Type and Level
Recreation
Type of Sports Male Female
Number Percent Number Percent
Basketball 379,260 28.4 954,611 71.6
Boxing 148,731 100 0 0
Football 12,596,469 91.1 1,234,257 8.9
Hockey 14,324 53.9 12,244 46.1
Swimming 72,385 16 380,195 84
Tennis 577,847 84.5 105,912 15.5
Track & Field 339,036 18 1,546,198 82
Volley Ball 207,793 30.9 463,765 69.1
Wrestling 120,030 100 0 0
Total 14,455,875 75.5 4,697,180 24.5

[110]
Table 11.2B: Distribution of Youth actively involved in Sport by Type and Level
As Profession
Type of
Male Female
Sports
Number Percent Number Percent
Basketball 72,669 63.7 41,345 36.3
Boxing 0 0 0 0
Football 857,039 83.2 173,081 16.8
Hockey 0 0 7,172 100
Swimming 22,561 100 0 0
Tennis 14,395 100 0 0
Track & Field 0 0 0 0
Volley Ball 15,703 50.9 15,140 49.1
Wrestling 0 0 0 0
Total 982,368 80.6 236,739 19.4

Table 11.3: Distribution of Youth by form of Disability and sex

Type of Male Female Total
Disability No Per No Per No Per
Visual
70,126 51.3 66,554 48.7 136,679 100
impairment
Poliomyelitis 50,108 65 26,981 35 77,089 100
Partial
11,632 14.9 66,481 85.1 78,113 100
Paralyses
Others 123,526 64.1 69,214 35.9 192,740 100
Total 255,391 52.7 229,230 47.3 484,621 100

Table 12.1A: Distribution of Youth not at Home State by Sex and zone

Yes
zone Male Female Total
No Per No Per No Per
North-
5,937,009 49.2 6,120,901 50.8 12,057,909 100
Central
North-
4,813,871 47.5 5,321,239 52.5 10,135,110 100
East
North-
8,816,725 49.4 9,033,935 50.6 17,850,660 100
West
South-
4,750,239 51.8 4,414,299 48.2 9,164,537 100
East
South-
4,853,673 48.3 5,191,616 51.7 10,045,290 100
South
South-
9,140,335 50.1 9,108,345 49.9 18,248,680 100
West
Total 38,311,853 49.4 39,190,334 50.6 77,502,187 100

[111]
Table 12.1B: Distribution of Youth not at Home State by Sex and zone

No
zone Male Female Total
No Per No Per No Per
North-
529,336 39.9 796,948 60.1 1,326,283 100
Central
North-
499,701 44.6 620,267 55.4 1,119,968 100
East
North-
1,685,304 57.7 1,237,733 42.3 2,923,037 100
West
South-
1,162,634 41.8 1,617,108 58.2 2,779,743 100
East
South-
1,999,542 48.1 2,154,184 51.9 4,153,726 100
South
South-
2,588,401 47 2,921,799 53 5,510,200 100
West
Total 8,464,917 47.5 9,348,040 52.5 17,812,957 100

Table 12.2A: Distribution of Youth movement to Present Residence by zone and Reason for
movement
Reason for movement
Conflict and civil
Zone Search for Job Employment
unrest
No Per No Per No Per
North-
0 0 0 0 0 0
Central
North-East 12,613 7.8 5,688 3.5 25,597 15.8
North-West 0 0 51,468 11.6 75,049 16.9
South-East 0 0 63,144 12.6 0 0
South-South 0 0 57,315 6.5 10,814 1.2
South-West 0 0 64,459 7.5 22,203 2.6
Total 12,613 0.4 242,076 8 133,662 4.4

[112]
Table 12.2B: Distribution of Youth movement to Present Residence by zone and Reason for
movement
Reason for movement

Zone Transfer Education Family

No Per No Per No Per

North-
0 0 11,341 6.7 158,561 93.3
Central
North-East 8,161 5.1 34,624 21.4 74,813 46.3
North-West 22,673 5.1 8,616 1.9 285,683 64.4
South-East 0 0 22,156 4.4 415,978 83
South-South 0 0 25,954 3 783,487 89.3
South-West 164,729 19.3 85,946 10.1 517,107 60.5
Total 195,564 6.5 188,637 6.3 2,235,629 74.3

Table 12.3A: Distribution of Youth movement (Ever change base) to Present Residence by
zone and Reason for movement

Reason for Movement

Conflict and civil
zone Search for Job Employment
unrest
No Per No Per No Per
North-
75,900 3.1 317,776 13 106,870 4.4
Central
North-East 12,613 2.2 53,049 9.1 50,081 8.6
North-West 64,619 2.8 542,344 23.1 201,565 8.6
South-East 0 0 1,522,669 31.8 371,666 7.8
South-South 45,960 0.9 1,389,622 27.1 471,498 9.2
South-West 68,757 1.4 786,046 15.5 398,574 7.8
Total 267,849 1.3 4,611,506 22.6 1,600,255 7.8

Table 12.3B: Distribution of Youth movement (Ever change base) to Present Residence by
zone and Reason for movement
Reason for Movement
zone Transfer Education Family
No Per No Per No Per
North-
10,469 0.4 1,280,482 52.3 654,745 26.8
Central
North-East 18,054 3.1 344,016 59 105,109 18
North-West 0 0 193,176 8.2 1,347,699 57.4
South-East 77,546 1.6 1,032,745 21.5 1,788,817 37.3
South-South 0 0 1,538,858 30 1,683,227 32.8
South-West 98,838 1.9 1,757,472 34.5 1,977,111 38.9
Total 204,907 1 6,146,748 30.1 7,556,708 37.1

[113]
Table 12.4A: Distribution of Youth by zone and Type of Movement
Type of Movement

zone Rural-urban Urban-rural Inter-state

No Per No Per No Per

North-
1,100,329 45 180,153 7.4 955,072 39
Central
North-
221,224 38 53,667 9.2 229,880 39.4
East
North-
832,562 35.4 221,971 9.4 579,529 24.7
West
South-
1,968,557 41.1 137,921 2.9 1,984,897 41.4
East
South-
669,127 13 931,641 18.2 2,912,528 56.8
South
South-
352,139 6.9 573,688 11.3 2,925,858 57.5
West
Total 5,143,938 25.2 2,099,042 10.3 9,587,764 47

Table 12.4B: Distribution of Youth by zone and Type of Movement

Type of Movement
Inter-local
zone North-south South-north
governments
No Per No Per No Per
North-Central 30,534 1.2 64,558 2.6 115,595 4.7
North-East 16,570 2.8 7,914 1.4 17,065 2.9
North-West 509,468 21.7 67,340 2.9 138,534 5.9
South-East 547,252 11.4 10,524 0.2 0 0
South-South 588,832 11.5 15,140 0.3 0 0
South-West 776,019 15.3 85,946 1.7 50,135 1
Total 2,468,676 12.1 251,422 1.2 321,328 1.6

[114]
Table 12.4C: Distribution of Youth by zone and Type of Movement
Type of Movement

zone West-east East-west Total

No Per No Per No Per

North-Central 0 0 0 0 2,446,242 100
North-East 13,850 2.4 22,753 3.9 582,922 100
North-West 0 0 0 0 2,349,404 100
South-East 11,078 0.2 133,213 2.8 4,793,443 100
South-South 0 0 11,896 0.2 5,129,165 100
South-West 28,649 0.6 294,364 5.8 5,086,797 100
Total 53,576 0.3 462,226 2.3 20,387,972 100

Table 13.1A: Distribution of Youth who live with parents by zone and sex

Yes with both parents

zone Male Female Total
No Per No Per No Per
North-
3,425,554 56.7 2,618,325 43.3 6,043,879 100
Central
North-
2,460,789 64.6 1,347,622 35.4 3,808,410 100
East
North-
5,966,696 64.8 3,239,102 35.2 9,205,798 100
West
South-
2,532,981 61.2 1,605,200 38.8 4,138,180 100
East
South-
3,067,171 53.5 2,670,291 46.5 5,737,462 100
South
South-
3,906,356 55.1 3,179,398 44.9 7,085,753 100
West
Total 21,359,547 59.3 14,659,937 40.7 36,019,484 100

[115]
Table 13.1B: Distribution of Youth who live with parents by zone and sex

Yes with one parent only

zone Male Female Total
No Per No Per No Per
North-
575,792 41.9 799,347 58.1 1,375,138 100
Central
North-
260,052 69.8 112,281 30.2 372,333 100
East
North-
1,074,259 66.8 534,182 33.2 1,608,441 100
West
South-
1,396,103 56.3 1,084,811 43.7 2,480,914 100
East
South-
1,355,017 51.8 1,262,826 48.2 2,617,842 100
South
South-
2,146,496 51.8 2,000,508 48.2 4,147,004 100
West
Total 6,807,718 54 5,793,955 46 12,601,673 100

Table 13.1C: Distribution of Youth who live with parents by zone and sex

No, with guardian

zone Male Female Total
No Per No Per No Per
North-
673,938 50.7 654,869 49.3 1,328,807 100
Central
North-
70,238 67.7 33,511 32.3 103,749 100
East
North-
337,378 71.7 133,092 28.3 470,470 100
West
South-
418,748 50.3 413,486 49.7 832,233 100
East
South-
494,478 46 581,262 54 1,075,740 100
South
South-
1,283,099 59 890,375 41 2,173,474 100
West
Total 3,277,879 54.8 2,706,595 45.2 5,984,474 100

[116]
Table 13.1D: Distribution of Youth who live with parents by zone and sex
No, now working and living on my own
zone Male Female Total
No Per No Per No Per
North-
457,144 87.3 66,739 12.7 523,883 100
Central
North-East 315,698 45.2 382,597 54.8 698,295 100
North-
1,103,054 90 122,662 10 1,225,717 100
West
South-East 627,845 63.1 366,404 36.9 994,249 100
South-
907,310 69.5 398,232 30.5 1,305,542 100
South
South-
1,428,968 60 953,998 40 2,382,967 100
West
Total 4,840,018 67.9 2,290,633 32.1 7,130,652 100

Table 13.1E: Distribution of Youth who live with parents by zone and sex

No, now married and living with my spouse

zone Male Female Total
No Per No Per No Per
North-
1,333,917 32.4 2,778,568 67.6 4,112,485 100
Central
North-
2,206,796 35.2 4,065,495 64.8 6,272,290 100
East
North-
2,020,641 24.5 6,242,630 75.5 8,263,271 100
West
South-
937,197 26.8 2,561,506 73.2 3,498,704 100
East
South-
1,029,239 29.7 2,433,190 70.3 3,462,429 100
South
South-
2,963,817 37.2 5,005,865 62.8 7,969,682 100
West
Total 10,491,607 31.2 23,087,254 68.8 33,578,861 100

[117]
Table 13.2A: Distribution of Youth and how parents relate with them by zone and sex
North-Central North-East North-West
Item Sex
No Per No Per No Per
M 2,180,421 24.9 1,457,306 16.6 803,994 9.2
Very
F 1,458,454 23.4 808,227 13 521,485 8.4
lovingly
T 3,638,875 24.3 2,265,533 15.1 1,325,479 8.8
M 967,925 10.5 881,927 9.6 3,530,000 38.4
Lovingly F 1,018,322 15.6 510,335 7.8 1,854,900 28.4
T 1,986,247 12.6 1,392,262 8.9 5,384,900 34.3
M 277,209 8.2 114,383 3.4 1,632,702 48.4
Cordially F 141,549 7.4 29,060 1.5 862,718 45.3
T 418,757 7.9 143,443 2.7 2,495,419 47.3
M 0 0 0 0 0 0
Not
F 0 0 0 0 0 0
cordially
T 0 0 0 0 0 0
Stay out M 0 0 7,172 32.4 0 0
of their F 0 0 0 0 0 0
way T 0 0 7,172 32.4 0 0

Table 13.2B: Distribution of Youth and how parents relate with them by zone and sex
South-East South-South South-West
Item Sex
No Per No Per No Per
M 994,249 11.3 2,003,056 22.9 1,326,788 15.1
Very
F 802,323 12.9 1,614,827 26 1,014,519 16.3
lovingly
T 1,796,572 12 3,617,883 24.1 2,341,307 15.6
M 1,144,079 12.4 1,012,207 11 1,661,141 18.1
Lovingly F 672,987 10.3 967,058 14.8 1,496,651 23
T 1,817,066 11.6 1,979,265 12.6 3,157,792 20.1
M 379,698 11.3 51,908 1.5 918,426 27.2
Cordially F 114,934 6 88,406 4.6 668,229 35.1
T 494,632 9.4 140,314 2.7 1,586,655 30.1
M 0 0 0 0 0 0
Not
F 14,955 100 0 0 0 0
cordially
T 14,955 100 0 0 0 0
Stay out M 14,955 67.6 0 0 0 0
of their F 0 0 0 0 0 0
way T 14,955 67.6 0 0 0 0

[118]
Table 13.3A: Distribution of Youth who live with one parents by zone and the Reasons

Reason for staying with one of the spouse

zone Exigency of work of Separation of
Parents divorced
one of the parents parents
No Per No Per No Per
North-
277,427 20.2 263,468 19.2 92,476 6.7
Central
North-East 26,215 7 63,560 17.1 49,710 13.4
North-
58,270 3.6 882,897 54.9 116,541 7.2
West
South-East 108,841 4.4 29,080 1.2 14,401 0.6
South-
590,995 22.6 406,613 15.5 202,766 7.7
South
South-
439,040 10.6 1,460,601 35.2 625,972 15.1
West
Total 1,500,788 11.9 3,106,219 24.6 1,101,866 8.7

Table 13.3B: Distribution of Youth who live with one parents by zone and the Reasons
Reason for staying with one of the spouse

zone Death of one of the

Total
parents
Number Percent Number Percent
North-Central 741,768 53.9 1,375,138 100
North-East 232,847 62.5 372,333 100
North-West 550,734 34.2 1,608,441 100
South-East 2,328,592 93.9 2,480,914 100
South-South 1,417,468 54.1 2,617,842 100
South-West 1,621,391 39.1 4,147,004 100
Total 6,892,800 54.7 12,601,673 100

[119]
Table 13.4A: Distribution of Youth who live with Guardians by zone and the Reasons
reason for staying with Guandian
For education Separation of
Zone Parents divorced
purpose/learn trade parents
No Per No Per No Per
North-Central 1,156,724 87 33,152 2.5 40,567 3.1
North-East 45,506 43.9 18,549 17.9 0 0
North-West 174,357 37.1 83,438 17.7 13,604 2.9
South-East 681,850 81.9 9,416 1.1 0 0
South-South 799,979 74.4 59,478 5.5 101,653 9.4
South-West 1,402,588 64.5 340,202 15.7 154,702 7.1
Total 4,261,004 71.2 544,234 9.1 310,527 5.2

Table 13.4B: Distribution of Youth who live with Guardians by zone and the Reasons
reason for staying with Guandian

Zone Death of parents Total

Number Percent Number Percent

North-Central 98,364 7.4 1,328,807 100
North-East 39,694 38.3 103,749 100
North-West 199,071 42.3 470,470 100
South-East 140,967 16.9 832,233 100
South-South 114,630 10.7 1,075,740 100
South-West 275,982 12.7 2,173,474 100
Total 868,709 14.5 5,984,474 100

Table 14.1: Distribution of Youth who experienced environmental concerns by zone

Yes No Total
zone
No Per No Per No Per
North-
2,639,450 19.7 10,744,743 80.3 13,384,193 100
Central
North-
981,966 8.7 10,273,112 91.3 11,255,078 100
East
North-
1,403,475 6.8 19,370,222 93.2 20,773,697 100
West
South-
1,819,559 15.2 10,124,721 84.8 11,944,280 100
East
South-
4,030,985 28.4 10,168,031 71.6 14,199,016 100
South
South-
5,561,767 23.4 18,197,113 76.6 23,758,880 100
West
Total 16,437,201 17.2 78,877,943 82.8 95,315,144 100

[120]
Table 14.2A: Distribution of Youth who experienced environmental concerns by zone and Type of
Environmental Concerns
North-Central North-East North-West
Type of
Item
Pollution Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Yes 311,233 18.1 274,767 16 419,682 24.5

Air Pollution No 2,328,217 15.8 707,198 4.8 983,793 6.7
Total 2,639,450 16.1 981,966 6 1,403,475 8.5
Yes 466,273 24.7 90,765 4.8 447,570 23.7
Water
No 2,173,177 14.9 891,201 6.1 955,905 6.6
Pollution
Total 2,639,450 16.1 981,966 6 1,403,475 8.5
Yes 1,013,088 10.1 581,810 5.8 324,228 3.2
Erosions No 1,626,362 25.6 400,156 6.3 1,079,247 17
Total 2,639,450 16.1 981,966 6 1,403,475 8.5
Yes 210,251 44.2 8,409 1.8 31,289 6.6
Bush Burning No 2,429,198 15.2 973,557 6.1 1,372,186 8.6
Total 2,639,450 16.1 981,966 6 1,403,475 8.5
Deterioration Yes 0 0 0 0 77,996 15.8
through agric. No 2,639,450 16.6 981,966 6.2 1,325,479 8.3
activities Total 2,639,450 16.1 981,966 6 1,403,475 8.5
Indiscriminate Yes 638,605 37 26,215 1.5 94,094 5.5
dumping of No 2,000,844 13.6 955,751 6.5 1,309,381 8.9
solid waste Total 2,639,450 16.1 981,966 6 1,403,475 8.5

[121]
Table 14.2B: Distribution of Youth who experienced environmental concerns by zone and Type of
Environmental Concerns
South-East South-South South-West
Type of
Item
Pollution Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Yes 23,264 1.4 118,956 6.9 567,958 33.1

Air Pollution No 1,796,295 12.2 3,912,029 26.6 4,993,809 33.9
Total 1,819,559 11.1 4,030,985 24.5 5,561,767 33.8
Yes 13,294 0.7 98,409 5.2 770,647 40.8
Water
No 1,806,265 12.4 3,932,576 27 4,791,120 32.9
Pollution
Total 1,819,559 11.1 4,030,985 24.5 5,561,767 33.8
Yes 1,774,693 17.6 3,127,460 31 3,254,839 32.3
Erosions No 44,866 0.7 903,525 14.2 2,306,928 36.3
Total 1,819,559 11.1 4,030,985 24.5 5,561,767 33.8
Yes 0 0 207,632 43.6 18,263 3.8
Bush Burning
No 1,819,559 11.4 3,823,353 24 5,543,504 34.7
Total 1,819,559 11.1 4,030,985 24.5 5,561,767 33.8
Deterioration Yes 8,308 1.7 98,409 19.9 308,689 62.6
through agric. No 1,811,250 11.4 3,932,576 24.7 5,253,079 32.9
activities Total 1,819,559 11.1 4,030,985 24.5 5,561,767 33.8
Indiscriminate Yes 0 0 380,118 22 587,296 34
dumping of No 1,819,559 12.4 3,650,866 24.8 4,974,471 33.8
solid waste Total 1,819,559 11.1 4,030,985 24.5 5,561,767 33.8

Table 14.3A: Distribution of Youth who are involved in the effort to convert the environmental
degradation by zone and sex
Yes
zone Male Female Total
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
North-
743,949 51.7 694,377 48.3 1,438,326 100
Central
North-East 95,216 91.9 8,409 8.1 103,625 100
North-West 330,349 44.9 406,078 55.1 736,428 100
South-East 422,071 49.5 430,933 50.5 853,005 100
South-
881,896 71.3 355,786 28.7 1,237,683 100
South
South-West 280,756 75.5 91,317 24.5 372,074 100
Total 2,754,238 58.1 1,986,901 41.9 4,741,140 100

[122]
Table 14.3B: Distribution of Youth who are involved in the effort to convert the environmental
degradation by zone and sex
No
zone Male Female Total
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
North-Central 616,483 51.3 584,640 48.7 1,201,124 100
North-East 409,431 46.6 468,910 53.4 878,341 100
North-West 378,870 56.8 288,177 43.2 667,047 100
South-East 516,788 53.5 449,766 46.5 966,554 100
South-South 1,108,724 39.7 1,684,579 60.3 2,793,302 100
South-West 2,312,300 44.6 2,877,394 55.4 5,189,694 100
Total 5,342,596 45.7 6,353,466 54.3 11,696,061 100

Table 14.4: Distribution of Youth who are involved in the effort to convert the
environmental degradation by zone
Yes No Total
zone
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
North-Central 1,438,326 54.5 1,201,124 45.5 2,639,450 100
North-East 103,625 10.6 878,341 89.4 981,966 100
North-West 736,428 52.5 667,047 47.5 1,403,475 100
South-East 853,005 46.9 966,554 53.1 1,819,559 100
South-South 1,237,683 30.7 2,793,302 69.3 4,030,985 100
South-West 372,074 6.7 5,189,694 93.3 5,561,767 100
Total 4,741,140 28.8 11,696,061 71.2 16,437,201 100

Table 14.5A: Distribution of Youth who are involved in the effort to convert the environmental
degradation by zone, sex and Level of involvement
North-Central North-East North-West
Types Sex
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Male 18,757 4 55,151 11.6 79,810 16.8
Individual Efforts Female 117,713 19.4 8,409 1.4 141,254 23.3
Total 136,470 12.6 63,560 5.9 221,064 20.4
Male 718,213 31.9 20,527 0.9 250,540 11.1
With other youths in the
Female 576,664 42.8 0 0 233,081 17.3
community
Total 1,294,877 36 20,527 0.6 483,621 13.4
Male 0 0 11,129 100 0 0
Through membership of
Female 0 0 0 0 31,743 100
NGOs
Total 0 0 11,129 26 31,743 74
Through religious Male 6,979 45.4 8,409 54.6 0 0
activities with Female 0 0 0 0 0 0
Government agency Total 6,979 45.4 8,409 54.6 0 0

[123]
Table 14.5B: Distribution of Youth who are involved in the effort to convert the environmental
degradation by zone, sex and Level of involvement
South-East South-South South-West Total
Types
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
59,821 12.6 246,023 51.8 15,041 3.2 474,602 100
Individual Efforts 81,423 13.4 224,935 37.1 32,946 5.4 606,680 100
141,244 13.1 470,957 43.6 47,986 4.4 1,081,283 100
362,250 16.1 635,874 28.2 265,716 11.8 2,253,119 100
With other youths
349,510 25.9 130,852 9.7 58,372 4.3 1,348,478 100
in the community
711,760 19.8 766,725 21.3 324,087 9 3,601,597 100
Through 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,129 100
membership of 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,743 100
NGOs 0 0 0 0 0 0 42,872 100
Through religious 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,388 100
activities with 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Government
agency 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,388 100

Table 15.1: Distribution of Youth who operate Non Farm Enterprise by zone and sex
Yes No
Zone Male Female Total Male Female Total
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
North-Central 29.3 70.7 100 50.8 49.2 100
North-East 64 36 100 47 53 100
North-West 17.1 82.9 100 51.3 48.7 100
South-East 57.6 42.4 100 48.9 51.1 100
South-South 26.5 73.5 100 51.4 48.6 100
South-West 53.8 46.2 100 49.3 50.7 100
Total 34.6 65.4 100 49.9 50.1 100

Table 15.2: Distribution of Youth who operate Non Farm Enterprise

by zone
Yes No Total
zone
Percent Percent Percent
North-Central 11.5 88.5 100
North-East 1.1 98.9 100
North-West 2.3 97.7 100
South-East 6.6 93.4 100
South-South 12.6 87.4 100
South-West 2 98 100
Total 5.4 94.6 100

[124]
Table 15.3: Distribution of Youth Average Start up
Capital and Annual Sales Turnover by zone

Start-Up Annual
Capital at sales/turnover for
zone
inception December 2020

Average Average
North-
133,365 185,887
Central
North-East 140,676 158,537
North-West 39,456 53,101
South-East 138,306 88,599
South-South 181,730 482,974
South-West 183,165 146,104
Total 146,912 257,294

Table 15.4: Distribution of maximum Youth Start

up Capital and Annual Sales Turnover by zone

What is your
Start-Up
annual
Capital at
zone sales/turnover for
inception
December 2020

Maximum Maximum
North-
5,000,000 2,000,000
Central
North-East 900,000 600,000
North-West 250,000 300,000
South-East 800,000 500,000
South-South 2,000,000 12,000,000
South-West 1,500,000 300,000
Total 5,000,000 12,000,000

[125]
 Table 15.5: Distribution of Youth with Registered business by zone
Yes No Total
zone
Percent Percent Percent
North-Central 8 92 100
North-East 0 100 100
North-West 0 100 100
South-East 7.2 92.8 100
South-South 12.2 87.8 100
South-West 13.2 86.8 100
Total 8.9 91.1 100

Table 15.6A: Distribution of Youth with Legal business status by

zone and sex

Zone
Business Status Sex
North-Central North-East North-West

Numbers Percent Numbers Percent Numbers Percent

Male 450,974 30.7 79,636 5.4 80,944 5.5
Sole Proprietorship Female 1,041,877 32.2 44,764 1.4 392,928 12.2
Total 1,492,852 31.7 124,400 2.6 473,871 10.1
Male 0 0 0 0 0 0
Partnership Female 46,892 100 0 0 0 0
Total 46,892 59.7 0 0 0 0
Male 0 0 0 0 0 0
Private limited liablity
Female 0 0 0 0 0 0
company
Total 0 0 0 0 0 0
Male 0 0 0 0 0 0
Others Female 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 0 0 0 0 0 0

[126]
 Table 15.6B: Distribution of Youth with Legal business status by zone and sex

Zone
Business
Sex
Status South-East South-South South-West Total

Numbers Percent Numbers Percent Numbers Percent Numbers Percent

Male 315,722 21.5 442,300 30.1 99,196 6.8 1,468,772 100
Sole
Female 249,255 7.7 1,287,698 39.8 217,013 6.7 3,233,535 100
Proprietorship
Total 564,977 12 1,729,998 36.8 316,209 6.7 4,702,307 100
Male 0 0 31,631 100 0 0 31,631 100
Partnership Female 0 0 0 0 0 0 46,892 100
Total 0 0 31,631 40.3 0 0 78,524 100
Private Male 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
limited liablity Female 0 0 16,221 100 0 0 16,221 100
company Total 0 0 16,221 100 0 0 16,221 100
Male 135,982 46.9 0 0 153,986 53.1 289,968 100
Others Female 83,085 89 10,273 11 0 0 93,358 100
Total 219,067 57.1 10,273 2.7 153,986 40.2 383,327 100

Table 15.7A: Distribution of Youth with Legal business status by

zone
Private limited liability
Sole Proprietorship Partnership
zone company
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
North-Central 1,492,852 97 46,892 3 0 0
North-East 124,400 100 0 0 0 0
North-West 473,871 100 0 0 0 0
South-East 564,977 72.1 0 0 0 0
South-South 1,729,998 96.7 31,631 1.8 16,221 0.9
South-West 316,209 67.3 0 0 0 0
Total 4,702,307 90.8 78,524 1.5 16,221 0.3

Table 15.7B: Distribution of Youth with Legal business status by zone

Others Total
zone
Number Percent Number Percent
North-Central 0 0 1,539,744 100
North-East 0 0 124,400 100
North-West 0 0 473,871 100
South-East 219,067 27.9 784,044 100
South-South 10,273 0.6 1,788,124 100
South-West 153,986 32.7 470,195 100
Total 383,327 7.4 5,180,378 100

[127]
Table 15.8: Distribution of Youth with source of fund by zone

Zone
North- North- South- South- South-
Type Item North-Central Total
East West East South West
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
Personal Saving Yes 32.3 2.6 9.4 17.1 30.5 8.2 100
No 23.8 2 8.7 10.6 43.9 11.1 100
Total 29.7 2.4 9.1 15.1 34.5 9.1 100
Loan Yes 29.7 0 8.2 15.2 29.7 17.3 100
No 29.7 2.6 9.2 15.1 34.9 8.5 100
Total 29.7 2.4 9.1 15.1 34.5 9.1 100
Family Source Yes 37 2.4 13 20 26.2 1.4 100
No 21.5 2.4 4.8 9.6 44 17.8 100
Total 29.7 2.4 9.1 15.1 34.5 9.1 100
Cooperative/Esusu Yes 49.2 1.5 0 1.2 21.9 26.2 100
No 26 2.6 10.9 17.8 36.9 5.8 100
Total 29.7 2.4 9.1 15.1 34.5 9.1 100
Grants Yes 3.4 0 0 0 96.6 0 100
No 32.3 2.6 10 16.6 28.5 10 100
Total 29.7 2.4 9.1 15.1 34.5 9.1 100
Others Yes 0 0 44.4 20.6 10.2 24.8 100
No 30.3 2.4 8.4 15 35 8.8 100
Total 29.7 2.4 9.1 15.1 34.5 9.1 100

Table 15.9: Distribution of Youth with access to bank finances by zone and sex
Yes No
zone Male Female Total Male Female Total
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
North-Central 71.6 28.4 100 26.1 73.9 100
North-East 57.5 42.5 100 66.4 33.6 100
North-West 34.5 65.5 100 13 87 100
South-East 61.7 38.3 100 53.9 46.1 100
South-South 23.2 76.8 100 27.4 72.6 100
South-West 36.4 63.6 100 56.5 43.5 100
Total 44.9 55.1 100 32 68 100

[128]
Table 15.10: Distribution of Youth with access to bank finances by zone

Yes No Total
zone
Percent Percent Percent
North-Central 7 93 100
North-East 26.6 73.4 100
North-West 18.9 81.1 100
South-East 47.4 52.6 100
South-South 20.8 79.2 100
South-West 13.2 86.8 100
Total 20 80 100

Table 15.11: Distribution of Youth with reason to inaccessibility to bank finances by zone
Reasons
Non Stringent
High Interest Government Others
zone availability of Bank Total
rate Policies specify
collateral policies
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
North-Central 23.6 26.7 33.8 3.1 12.8 100
North-East 60.2 26.6 0 13.3 0 100
North-West 26.8 7 54.5 0 11.7 100
South-East 21.2 21.1 15.4 5.8 36.5 100
South-South 19.8 45.7 17.3 15.7 1.5 100
South-West 21.9 35.5 6.1 0 36.4 100
Total 23 31.7 24.8 7.3 13.2 100

Table 15.12: Distribution of Youth who employ staff by zone and

sex
Yes No
zone Male Female Total Male Female Total
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
North-Central 38.4 61.6 100 28.6 71.4 100
North-East 100 0 100 57.5 42.5 100
North-West 0 100 100 18.7 81.3 100
South-East 63.8 36.2 100 56.6 43.4 100
South-South 37.5 62.5 100 24.8 75.2 100
South-West 100 0 100 46.5 53.5 100
Total 48.8 51.2 100 32.7 67.3 100

[129]
Table 15.13 Distribution of Youth who employ staff by zone
Yes No Total
zone
Percent Percent Percent
North-Central 6.7 93.3 100
North-East 15.3 84.7 100
North-West 8.9 91.1 100
South-East 14.1 85.9 100
South-South 13.7 86.3 100
South-West 13.7 86.3 100
Total 11.3 88.7 100

Table 15.14: Distribution of Youth’s export products by zone

Yes No Total
zone
Percent Percent Percent
North-Central 1.2 98.8 100
North-East 0 100 100
North-West 5.8 94.2 100
South-East 0 100 100
South-South 0 100 100
South-West 0 100 100
Total 0.9 99.1 100

Table 15.15: Distribution of Youth with Business plan by zone and sex
Yes No
zone Male Female Total Male Female Total
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
North-Central 40.8 59.2 100 28.4 71.6 100
North-East 70.4 29.6 100 62.1 37.9 100
North-West 100 0 100 13.3 86.7 100
South-East 74.4 25.6 100 55.6 44.4 100
South-South 31 69 100 20.7 79.3 100
South-West 71 29 100 39.6 60.4 100
Total 41.8 58.2 100 31.7 68.3 100

[130]
Table 15.16: Distribution of Youth with Business plan by zone
Yes No Total
zone
Percent Percent Percent
North-Central 7.2 92.8 100
North-East 22.9 77.1 100
North-West 4.4 95.6 100
South-East 10.5 89.5 100
South-South 56 44 100
South-West 45.4 54.6 100
Total 28.1 71.9 100

Table 15.17: Distribution of Youth with Average Business plan

year by zone

zone Average
North-Central 2
North-East 5
North-West 2
South-East 6
South-South 11
South-West 9
Total 10

Table 15.18: Distribution of Youth with Business Training by zone and sex
Yes No
zone Male Female Total Male Female Total
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
North-Central 42.4 57.6 100 18.5 81.5 100
North-East 80.8 19.2 100 54.9 45.1 100
North-West 26.3 73.7 100 15.2 84.8 100
South-East 76.3 23.7 100 50.7 49.3 100
South-South 30.4 69.6 100 21.5 78.5 100
South-West 56.9 43.1 100 52.7 47.3 100
Total 41.2 58.8 100 29.8 70.2 100

[131]
Table 15.19: Distribution of Youth with Business Training by zone
Yes No Total
zone
Percent Percent Percent
North-Central 45.1 54.9 100
North-East 35.2 64.8 100
North-West 16.7 83.3 100
South-East 27.1 72.9 100
South-South 56 44 100
South-West 27.2 72.8 100
Total 41.7 58.3 100

Table 15.20: Distribution of Youth by who gave the training and zone
Private
Government Individuals Total
zone organizations
Percent Percent Percent Percent
North-Central 0 36.9 63.1 100
North-East 25.4 19.2 55.4 100
North-West 0 100 0 100
South-East 0 11.7 88.3 100
South-South 40.2 14.2 45.5 100
South-West 0 48.5 51.5 100
Total 19.2 26.5 54.3 100

Table 15.21: Distribution of Youth by areas of training received and zone

Vocational Entrepreneurship Management Total
zone
Percent Percent Percent Percent
North-Central 74 26 0 100
North-East 25.4 74.6 0 100
North-West 60.6 39.4 0 100
South-East 15.4 84.6 0 100
South-South 56.2 43.8 0 100
South-West 39.2 30 30.8 100
Total 56.5 41.7 1.8 100

[132]
Table 15.22: Distribution of Youth by areas of training
needed and zone and sex
Vocational Entrepreneurship Management
Zone Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
North-Central 19.2 80.8 100 18.7 81.3 100 0 100 100
North-East 0 0 0 44.3 55.7 100 100 0 100
North-West 0 100 100 17.2 82.8 100 0 0 0
South-East 50 50 100 51 49 100 46.5 53.5 100
South-South 14.5 85.5 100 25.3 74.7 100 12.9 87.1 100
South-West 52.9 47.1 100 52.5 47.5 100 0 0 0
Total 29.5 70.5 100 30.2 69.8 100 26.5 73.5 100

Table 15.23: Distribution of Youth by areas of training needed and zone

Vocational Entrepreneurship Management Total
Zone
Percent Percent Percent Percent
North-Central 19.8 78.5 1.6 100
North-East 0 81 19 100
North-West 11.3 88.7 0 100
South-East 5.2 87.9 6.9 100
South-South 18.5 67.1 14.4 100
South-West 57.3 42.7 0 100
Total 19.3 74.6 6 100

Table 15.24: Distribution of Youth

that received support from
Government by zone and sex
North- North- North- South- South- South-
Total
Item Sex Central East West East South West
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
Male 0 30.1 0 0 69.9 0 100
Yes Female 0 100 0 0 0 0 100
Total 0 67.7 0 0 32.3 0 100
Male 25.6 4.1 4.6 25.6 25.8 14.4 100
No Female 32.4 0.4 11.7 9.9 39.1 6.5 100
Total 30.1 1.7 9.2 15.3 34.5 9.2 100
Male 25.2 4.4 4.5 25.2 26.5 14.1 100
Total Female 32.1 1.3 11.6 9.8 38.8 6.4 100
Total 29.7 2.4 9.1 15.1 34.5 9.1 100

[133]
 Table 15.25A: Distribution of Youth that received support from Private by
zone and sex
Yes
zone Male Female Total
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
North-Central 7,197 21.9 25,736 78.1 32,934 100
North-East 0 0 0 0 0 0
North-West 0 0 0 0 0 0
South-East 0 0 0 0 0 0
South-South 15,410 35.8 27,576 64.2 42,986 100
South-West 0 0 39,392 100 39,392 100
Total 22,608 19.6 92,704 80.4 115,312 100

Table 15.25B: Distribution of Youth that received support from Private by zone and sex

No
zone Male Female Total
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
North-
443,777 29.5 1,063,033 70.5 1,506,810 100
Central
North-East 79,636 64 44,764 36 124,400 100
North-
80,944 17.1 392,928 82.9 473,871 100
West
South-East 451,705 57.6 332,339 42.4 784,044 100
South-
458,521 26.3 1,286,617 73.7 1,745,138 100
South
South-
253,182 58.8 177,621 41.2 430,803 100
West
Total 1,767,764 34.9 3,297,303 65.1 5,065,067 100

Table 15.26: Distribution of Youth that received support from Private

by zone
Yes No Total
zone
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
North-Central 32,934 2.1 1,506,810 97.9 1,539,744 100
North-East 0 0 124,400 100 124,400 100
North-West 0 0 473,871 100 473,871 100
South-East 0 0 784,044 100 784,044 100
South-South 42,986 2.4 1,745,138 97.6 1,788,124 100
South-West 39,392 8.4 430,803 91.6 470,195 100
Total 115,312 2.2 5,065,067 97.8 5,180,378 100

[134]
 Table 15.27A: Distribution of Youth by Type of support received from
Private and zone
Zone
Type of Support Item
North-Central North-East North-West
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Yes 0 0 0 0 0 0
Capacity Building No 32,934 50.2 0 0 0 0
Total 32,934 28.6 0 0 0 0
Yes 25,736 30.8 0 0 0 0
Loans/Grants No 7,197 22.6 0 0 0 0
Total 32,934 28.6 0 0 0 0
Yes 7,197 15.4 0 0 0 0
Provision of
No 25,736 37.4 0 0 0 0
infrastructure
Total 32,934 28.6 0 0 0 0
Yes 7,197 12.7 0 0 0 0
Patronage No 25,736 44 0 0 0 0
Total 32,934 28.6 0 0 0 0
Yes 7,197 41.2 0 0 0 0
Provision of
No 25,736 26.3 0 0 0 0
equipment
Total 32,934 28.6 0 0 0 0

Table 15.27B: Distribution of Youth by Type of support received from Private and zone
Zone
Type of
Item
Support South-East South-South South-West Total
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Yes 0 0 10,273 20.7 39,392 79.3 49,665 100
Capacity
No 0 0 32,713 49.8 0 0 65,646 100
Building
Total 0 0 42,986 37.3 39,392 34.2 115,312 100
Yes 0 0 18,384 22 39,392 47.2 83,512 100
Loans/Grants No 0 0 24,602 77.4 0 0 31,800 100
Total 0 0 42,986 37.3 39,392 34.2 115,312 100
Yes 0 0 0 0 39,392 84.6 46,589 100
Provision of
No 0 0 42,986 62.6 0 0 68,722 100
infrastructure
Total 0 0 42,986 37.3 39,392 34.2 115,312 100
Yes 0 0 10,273 18.1 39,392 69.3 56,863 100
Patronage No 0 0 32,713 56 0 0 58,449 100
Total 0 0 42,986 37.3 39,392 34.2 115,312 100
Yes 0 0 10,273 58.8 0 0 17,471 100
Provision of
No 0 0 32,713 33.4 39,392 40.3 97,841 100
equipment
Total 0 0 42,986 37.3 39,392 34.2 115,312 100

[135]
Table 15.28: Distribution of Youth by major challenge faced in their enterprises
and zone
Major Challenges
Lack of
Obsolete Inconsistent Other
zone Lack of training access to Total
equipment policies specify
finance
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
North-
1.6 9.2 84.2 5 0 100
Central
North-East 0 0 93.6 0 6.4 100
North-West 6.7 2.7 90.6 0 0 100
South-East 1.1 3.5 78.1 10 7.3 100
South-South 5 3.2 85.9 5.4 0.6 100
South-West 0 0 100 0 0 100
Total 3 4.6 86.1 4.9 1.5 100

[136]