Embedded System Design for IoT Applications

● Introduce students to the fundamentals of embedded

systems and IoT applications.

● Familiarize students with popular embedded hardware

platforms such as ESP32 and Raspberry Pi

● Enable students to design and implement embedded

systems for IoT applications, including sensor integration
and wireless communication.

● Develop skills in programming embedded systems using C

and Embedded C.

● Explore the key protocols used in IoT, including MQTT and

HTTP.
Course
Learning ● Provide hands-on experience in interfacing sensors and

Objectives actuators with microcontrollers.

● Introduce cloud-based IoT platforms and the integration of

data from IoT devices to the cloud.

● Equip students with the knowledge of power-efficient

designs for IoT devices.

● Enhance troubleshooting and debugging skills in embedded

system development.
 ● Understand the working principles of embedded
systems and IoT applications.

● Program embedded systems using C/Embedded C for

real-time IoT applications.

● Interface sensors and actuators with microcontrollers

like ESP32 and Raspberry Pi

● Use wireless communication protocols like Wi-Fi,

Bluetooth, and Zigbee for IoT applications.

● Implement communication between IoT devices and

cloud platforms (e.g., AWS IoT, ThingSpeak).
Course
Outcomes ● Design energy-efficient systems for long-lasting
battery-powered IoT devices.

● Apply security practices in IoT applications to prevent

unauthorized access and ensure data integrity.

● Troubleshoot and debug embedded systems in the

development and deployment phases.

UNIT I: Introduction to Embedded Systems and IoT

Overview of embedded systems, focusing on components, features, and

applications. Introduction to IoT, its definition, architecture, and real-world use
cases. Embedded system design workflow, including sensors, actuators,
microcontrollers, and IoT gateway. Introduction to ESP32 and Raspberry Pi, their
features, and applications. Development tools like Raspberry Pi IDE for
programming and development.
UNIT II: Microcontroller Programming and Sensor Interfacing

Introduction to Embedded C programming for microcontroller development.

GPIO control for digital input/output operations. Sensor interfacing with analog and
digital sensors like temperature, humidity, and motion. Actuator interfacing for
motors (DC, servo, stepper). Basics of interrupt handling, timers, and data
acquisition for IoT.

UNIT III: Communication Protocols for IoT Applications

Overview of communication protocols like UART, SPI, and I2C. Wireless

communication protocols such as Bluetooth, WiFi, and LoRa. Introduction to IoT
protocols like MQTT, HTTP, and CoAP. Implementing communication between
ESP32/Raspberry Pi and the cloud via WiFi. Case study on real-time data transfer
using MQTT to the IoT cloud.

UNIT IV: Cloud Integration and Real-Time IoT Data Monitoring

Introduction to IoT cloud platforms like AWS IoT Core and ThingsBoard. Steps
to connect embedded systems to the cloud for data management. Understanding
publish and subscribe mechanisms for IoT applications. Real-time data monitoring
using Node-RED, Thingspeak, or Power BI. Case study of an end-to-end IoT system
for environmental monitoring.

UNIT V: RTOS, Power Management, and IoT Security

Basics of Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS), task scheduling, and

multitasking. Integration of FreeRTOS with ESP32/ Raspberry Pi for real-time
applications. Power management techniques, including sleep modes and battery
optimization. Security considerations in IoT, focusing on encryption, authentication,
and secure communication. Case study on implementing secure data transmission
in IoT applications.
Course Duration: 45 Hours

Test Projects:

Use Cases:

1. Industrial Equipment Monitoring System

Design an IoT-based system for monitoring industrial machinery, ensuring
timely detection of equipment failures. This system enables continuous condition
monitoring, reducing downtime and improving overall efficiency through real-
time alerts and predictive maintenance.
Tasks:

o Task 1: Interface Vibration and Temperature Sensors.

o Task 2: Send Alerts to the Cloud for Anomalies.
o Task 3: Visualize Data using Node-RED Dashboard.
o Task 4: Implement Low-Power Modes for Sensors.
2. Smart Agriculture System
Develop an IoT solution to monitor soil moisture and automate irrigation,
ensuring optimal water usage. This system helps conserve water and improve
crop yield by triggering irrigation systems when soil moisture drops below
predefined thresholds.
Tasks:
o Task 1: Interface Soil Moisture Sensors and Pumps.
o Task 2: Connect to an IoT Cloud Platform for Monitoring.
o Task 3: Automate Irrigation Based on Thresholds.
o Task 4: Implement Data Logging and Analysis.
3. Real-Time Health Monitoring System
Objective: Build a wearable IoT system for monitoring vital health parameters,
enabling continuous health tracking for users. It allows users and healthcare
providers to access real-time data for proactive health management and
timely intervention.
Tasks:
o Task 1: Interface Heart Rate and Temperature Sensors.
o Task 2: Transmit Data via Bluetooth or WiFi to a Smartphone.
o Task 3: Implement Cloud-Based Health Analytics.
 o Task 4: Ensure Secure Data Transmission.
4. Smart Energy Meter
Objective: Design an IoT-based energy monitoring system for homes or
industries, facilitating better management of energy consumption. The
system helps track power usage patterns, optimize energy costs, and provide
insights for reducing overall energy consumption.
Tasks:
o Task 1: Interface Current and Voltage Sensors.
o Task 2: Implement Power Consumption Calculations.
o Task 3: Send Real-Time Data to IoT Cloud for Monitoring.
o Task 4: Analyze Energy Usage Patterns.
5. Real-Time Vehicle Tracking System
Objective: Develop a GPS and IoT-based vehicle tracking solution to monitor
fleet location and behavior. This system provides real-time tracking, route
optimization, and security monitoring, ensuring better fleet management and
enhanced safety for drivers.
Tasks:
o Task 1: Integrate GPS Module with Microcontroller.
o Task 2: Send Location Data to Cloud via MQTT.
o Task 3: Implement a Tracking Dashboard.
o Task 4: Optimize Data Transmission for Low Power Usage.
6. Predictive Maintenance in Industrial IoT
Objective: Use IoT-based sensors for predictive maintenance of machinery,
preventing failures before they occur. By continuously analyzing sensor data,
the system helps identify anomalies and potential issues, reducing
maintenance costs and improving operational uptime.
Tasks:
o Task 1: Interface Vibration and Noise Sensors.
o Task 2: Analyze Data Trends for Predicting Failures.
o Task 3: Visualize Data on IoT Cloud.
o Task 4: Send Alerts for Preventive Maintenance.
7. Smart Water Management System
Objective: Implement an IoT solution to manage water usage in urban and
industrial areas, optimizing water distribution. The system helps monitor
water quality, pressure, and levels in real-time to ensure efficient water
usage and early detection of leaks or contamination.
Tasks:
o Task 1: Interface Water Quality and Pressure Sensors.
o Task 2: Monitor Water Levels and Flow Rates.
o Task 3: Send Real-Time Data to IoT Cloud.
o Task 4: Implement Automated Leak Detection.
8. Smart Parking System
Objective: Create an IoT-based system for managing parking spaces in urban
areas, reducing traffic congestion. The system tracks available parking spaces
in real-time and allows users to reserve parking spots, improving parking
space utilization and reducing search times.
Tasks:
o Task 1: Interface Parking Sensors with Microcontroller.
o Task 2: Monitor Parking Space Availability in Real-Time.
o Task 3: Implement Reservation System via Mobile App.
o Task 4: Send Real-Time Parking Data to IoT Cloud.
9. Air Quality Monitoring System
Objective: Build an IoT solution for real-time air quality monitoring, improving
public health and environmental awareness. This system measures pollutants
such as PM2.5, CO2, and NO2, providing actionable data for air quality
improvement and policy decisions.
Tasks:
o Task 1: Interface Air Quality Sensors (PM2.5, CO2, NO2).
o Task 2: Send Data to IoT Cloud for Real-Time Monitoring.
o Task 3: Visualize Air Quality Data on Dashboard.
o Task 4: Implement Alerts for Poor Air Quality.
10. Smart Home Automation
Objective: Design an IoT solution for controlling home appliances and security,
enhancing comfort and energy efficiency. The system enables users to
remotely control lights, temperature, and security devices, promoting a safer
 and more energy-efficient living environment.
Tasks:

• Task 1: Interface Home Appliances with IoT.

• Task 2: Control Appliances Remotely via Smartphone App.
• Task 3: Implement Security Monitoring (Cameras, Motion Sensors).
• Task 4: Optimize Power Usage for Appliances.

11. Smart Waste Management System

Objective: Develop an IoT-based waste management system to optimize
waste collection in urban areas. By monitoring waste levels in bins, the
system can optimize collection schedules and routes, reducing costs and
improving the overall waste management process.
Tasks:

• Task 1: Interface Waste Level Sensors with IoT.

• Task 2: Send Real-Time Data to IoT Cloud.
• Task 3: Optimize Waste Collection Routes.
• Task 4: Implement Predictive Waste Collection Scheduling.

12. IoT-based Inventory Management System

Objective: Implement an IoT system to track inventory in warehouses,
ensuring accurate stock levels and efficient logistics. The system enables
real-time tracking of items, reduces inventory discrepancies, and enhances
supply chain efficiency.
Tasks:

• Task 1: Interface RFID or Barcode Scanners with IoT.

• Task 2: Monitor Stock Levels in Real-Time.
• Task 3: Integrate System with Warehouse Management Software.
• Task 4: Send Stock Updates to IoT Cloud.

13. Smart Lighting System

Objective: Design an energy-efficient lighting control system for large
buildings, improving sustainability and reducing energy costs. The system
adjusts lighting based on occupancy and ambient light levels, ensuring
 optimal lighting while minimizing electricity consumption.
Tasks:

• Task 1: Interface Light Sensors with IoT.

• Task 2: Implement Occupancy Sensing for Lights.
• Task 3: Adjust Lighting Based on Ambient Light.
• Task 4: Send Data to Cloud for Energy Usage Monitoring.

14. Smart Healthcare Monitoring

Objective: Build an IoT system to monitor chronic health conditions remotely,
ensuring better care and early detection of issues. The system allows
healthcare providers to access real-time health data from patients, facilitating
timely interventions and reducing hospital visits.
Tasks:

• Task 1: Interface Health Sensors (Blood Pressure, ECG, etc.).

• Task 2: Transmit Data to Healthcare Providers.
• Task 3: Implement Real-Time Health Analytics.
• Task 4: Ensure Secure Data Transmission.

15. Smart Grid System

Objective: Develop an IoT-based smart grid for energy distribution and
optimization, improving the reliability and efficiency of the power grid. The
system enables real-time monitoring and control of power distribution,
optimizing energy usage and reducing outages.
Tasks:

• Task 1: Interface Smart Meters with IoT.

• Task 2: Monitor Energy Distribution in Real-Time.
• Task 3: Implement Load Balancing and Optimization.
• Task 4: Send Alerts for Faults in the Grid.

16. Environmental Monitoring System

Objective: Implement an IoT-based system for environmental monitoring,
tracking air quality, temperature, and humidity. The system provides real-
time data for environmental protection, helping to mitigate risks such as
 pollution and extreme weather conditions.
Tasks:

• Task 1: Interface Environmental Sensors (Air Quality, Temp, Humidity).

• Task 2: Send Data to Cloud for Analysis.
• Task 3: Visualize Environmental Data on Dashboard.
• Task 4: Implement Alerts for Critical Environmental Conditions.

17. Smart Retail System

Objective: Build an IoT-based system for managing retail operations,
improving customer experience and inventory control. The system uses
sensors and analytics to track products, monitor store traffic, and optimize
stock levels, enhancing operational efficiency.
Tasks:

• Task 1: Interface Product and Customer Sensors.

• Task 2: Track Inventory in Real-Time.
• Task 3: Implement Customer Behaviour Analytics.
• Task 4: Send Inventory and Sales Data to IoT Cloud.

18. Fleet Management System

Objective: Design an IoT system to manage a fleet of vehicles, optimizing
routes, maintenance schedules, and fuel efficiency. The system provides real-
time vehicle location tracking and diagnostic data, improving fleet
productivity and reducing operational costs.
Tasks:

• Task 1: Interface GPS and Vehicle Sensors.

• Task 2: Implement Real-Time Fleet Tracking.
• Task 3: Optimize Routes Based on Traffic Conditions.
• Task 4: Analyze Vehicle Performance Data.

19. Smart Building Automation

Objective: Develop an IoT solution for automating building systems, such as
HVAC, lighting, and security. This system improves energy efficiency,
enhances occupant comfort, and ensures security with automated control and
 real-time monitoring.
Tasks:

• Task 1: Interface HVAC, Lighting, and Security Sensors.

• Task 2: Automate Control Based on Occupancy.
• Task 3: Monitor Energy Usage and Environmental Conditions.
• Task 4: Send Real-Time Data to Building Management System.

20. Smart City Wastewater Management

Objective: Build an IoT-based wastewater management system for cities to
monitor water quality and manage sewage systems. The system detects
blockages, monitors flow, and ensures compliance with environmental
standards, improving overall urban water management.
Tasks:

• Task 1: Interface Flow and Water Quality Sensors.

• Task 2: Send Data to Centralized Wastewater Management System.
• Task 3: Detect Blockages or System Failures.
• Task 4: Monitor and Optimize Wastewater Treatment.