ARTICLE

ENGLISH Class Notes

'A', 'An' 'The', Articles A/An In- (f) She in an LL.B graduate¼ y-,y-ch-½
definite 'The' Definite article (g) I have been waiting for an ¼ o
W j½
hour.
ARTICLE
(h) He is an heir to the throne. ¼ ;j½

(i) Ram is an honest person. ¼ usLV½
 
(A) (B) 3. Singular Countable noun ls iwoZ A/An dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk
Indefinite - A/An Definite-The gSA Countable dk vFkZ gS ftldh fxurh dh tk ldrh gS; vxj
Noun dk iz;ksx u gks rks Article dk Hkh iz;ksx ugha gksxkA
(a) ;g fdrkc gSA This is a book. tSls%
(b) mlus xkuk xk;kA She sang a song. (a) I have a pen (b) She has a car
(c) ;g Nrjh gSA This is an umbrella (c) Ram has an umbrella. (d) She is a house wife
Note ‘Noise’ uncountable Noun gSA fQj Hkh mlds lkFk
USES OF INDEFINITE ARTICLE (A/AN) Article ‘a’ dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
tSls%
1. A/An dk iz;ksx vfuf'pr (Indefinite) Singular noun ls iwoZ (a) Do not make a noise.
fd;k tkrk gSA 4. Exclamatory okD;ksa esa ‘What/How’ ds ckn o Singular
tSls% Countable nouns ls iwoZ A/An dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
(a) Ram is a student (b) I have a bike tSls%
2. ftl 'kCn ds iwoZ A vkSj An dk iz;ks x fd;k tkrk gS ;fn ml 'kCn (a) What a grand building! (b) What a pretty girl!
ds mPpkj.k dh izFke /ofu (First Sound of Pronunciation) Loj 5. ;k ds lUnHkZ esa iz;ksx djus ij A/
(Vowel) gS rks AN dk iz;ksx gksxkA vkSj ;fn /ofu O;atu An dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
(Consonant) gks rks A dk iz;ksx gksxkA tSl%s
tSls% (a) This car runs twenty kilometers a litre.
(b) I earn Rs. ten thousand a month.
(a) An umbrella (b) A University
(c) This train runs seventy kms. an hour
(c) A one rupee note (d) An honest man
6. Half/fractions ls iwoZ a dk iz;ksx fuEu izdkj ls fd;k tkrk gS(
Note: ABBREVIATION esa Hkh mPpkj.k ds vuqlkj pysaA tSls%
1
tSls% (a) 2
4
Metre-two and a quarter metre.
1
(a) He is an MLA/MP ¼ e-,y-,-@,e-ih-½ (b) 3 Kilo-three and a half kilo.
2
(b) He lodged an FIR. ¼ Q-vkbZ-vkj-½ (c) She has to run half a mile every day.
(c) He is an IAS officer. ¼ bZ-,-,l-½ 7. dqN fo’ks"k Phrases esa A/An dk iz;ksx gksrk gS (
(d) He is an SHO. ¼ l-,p-vks½ In a fix, in a hurry, in a nutshell, make a noise, make a
(e) I have an x-ray machine.¼ Dl&js½ foot, keep a secret, as a rule, at a stone's throw, a short

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 while ago, at a loss, take a fancy to, take an interest in,
USE OF DEFINITE ARTICLE 'THE'
take a liking, a pity, tell a lie.
tSls%  'The' dk iz;ksx ml noun ls iwoZ fd;k tkrk gS tks fuf'pr gS
(a) Never tell a lie ;k ftldh ppkZ igys dh tk pqdh gSA 'The' dks blh dkj.k
(b) Do not make a noise. Definite article dgk tkrk gSA tSls %
(c) Twelve inches make a foot. (a) I met a person in the market. The person was very kind
and soft hearted.
 Phrases ds lkFk article dk iz;ksx ugha gksrk gS(
(b) The book (which you mentioned) is not available in the
to lose heart, to set foot, to give ear, at home, last but market.
not least, to catch fire, in hand, set on fire, by car/bus
1. jkT;ksa ds uke ds lkFk Article dk iz;ksx ugha gksrkA
etc, at last, by mistake, in danger, to take heart.
viokn (Exception) The Punjab
fdlh Hkh ns'k ds uke ds lkFk Article dk iz;ksx ugha gksrkA
8. A/An dk iz;ksx fuEu fLFkfr esa ugha djuk pkfg,(
1. fdlh Hkh Plural noun ls iwoZ A/An dk iz;ksx ugha tSls% America, Russia
fd;k tkrk gSA 2. dqN LFkku ds uke ds lkFk Article 'The' dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk
boys gSA
tSls% A  pl.n.
have come ( )
Boys have come ()
tSls% The Ukraine
The Great Britain
The boys have come () The Netherlands
The Hague
9. Uncountable nouns ls iwoZ A/An dk iz;ksx lkekU;r% ugha The USA
fd;k tkrk gS( tSls% Advice, Accommodation, Baggage, 3. ioZr Ja`[kyk ds lkFk 'The' dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
Luggage, News, Permission, Progress, Scenery, tSls% The Himalayas, the Alps.
Weather, Traffic, Knowledge, Music, Wine, Equipment, Note: Aravali is not a mountain range. hence 'the' doesn't
Information, Poetry, Furniture, Hair, Business, Mis- come before it.
chief, Bread, Stationery Crockery, Postage, Wastage,  ysfdu ioZr dh pksVh ds uke ds lkFk Article dk iz;ksx ugha gksrk
Money, Jewellery, Breakage, Work, Evidence. gSA
tSls% tSls% Mt. Everest, Mt. Abu
(a) He gave me an advice (remove 'an') 4. Nationality O;Dr djus okys 'kCnksa ls iwoZ 'The' dk
(b) I will buy a furniture today (remove 'a'). iz;ksx djsa ysfdu Hkk"kk ds lkFk Article dk iz;ksx u djsaA
tSls %
10. Article dk iz;kssx 'kind of, sort of, type of, variety of' ds The English speak English.
The English defeated the French.
ckn iz;qDr Nouns ds igys ugha gksrk gSA
tSls% 5. chekfj;ksa ds uke ds lkFk Article dk iz;ksx ugha gksrkA
What sort of a man he is! ( ) viokn % The Measles, the Rickets, the Mumps, the Plague,
the Flu.
What sort of man he is! ()
Note : Kind of/ sort of/ type of/ variety of ds ckn A/An dk 6. tSls & The East, the West, etc.
iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS ;fn okD; Interrogative gksA ysfdu ;fn buds lkFk fdlh Place dk uke tksM+k x;k gks rks
'The' dk iz;ksx ugha gksxkA tSls% West Bengal.
tSls % What type of a singer is he?

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 blh rjg Northern, Southern, Eastern, Western ls iwoZ 10. bR;kfn dk mYys[k muds izkFkfed
article ugha vkrk gS( tSls % Western India. m)s'; ds lanHkZ esa gks rc article dk iz;ksx u djsaA tSls%
(a) Children should go to school.
tSls% (b) I go to temple every morning.
(a) The sun rises in the east.
(b) He is going to North America  ysfdu tc Ldwy] dkWyst bR;kfn dk mYys[k fdlh fcfYMax ;k
LFkku ds lanHkZ esa gks rc Article dk iz;ksx djsaA
7. & The Gita, the Bible. tSls%
 ysfdu Valmiki's Ramayana, Banbhatt's Kadambiri, tSlh (a) My house is behind a school.
fLFkfr esa] buds iwoZ 'The' ugha yxrk gS D;ksafd ;gk¡ /kkfeZd xzaFk (b) The college is next to the temple.
ds uke ds igys mlds ys[kd dk Hkh uke tqM+k gqvk gSA
8. tSls& The Taj Mahal, the Red 11. tc dksbZ Noun
Fort. rks mlls iwoZ article dk iz;ksx gksrk
 cgqr&lh egRoiw.kZ Buildings Monuments ds uke nks gS( tSls%
'kCnksa ls feydj cus gksrs gSaA ftuesa ls ,d 'kCn fdlh O;fDr ;k (a) The judge (moral of judge) in him, prevailed upon the
LFkku dk uke gksrk gS] ,sls uke ds lkFk 'The' dk iz;ksx ugha father (Love of father for his son) and he sentenced his
fd;k tkrk( son to death.
tSls% Delhi Airport, Victoria Palace, London Zoo, Jai (b) A mother (feelings of motherhood) was born in her when
Singh Palace, Indira Gandhi Airport. she was the baby.
12. lekpkj i= (News Paper) ds uke tSls % The Hindu, The
9. Common uses of 'The' Times of India.
(a) (Rivers) The Yamuna, the 13. Railway/Airways ds uke
Ganga, the Godawari, the Sutlej.
tSls % The Amritsar Express, The Jet Airways
(b) (Sea) The Arabian sea, the
Caribbean sea. 14. Political Parties ds uke
(c) (Ocean) The Indian Ocean, tSls % The BJP, The Congress
the Pacific Ocean, the Atlan tic Ocean. 15. Musical Instrument ds uke
(d) (Islands) The lakshdweep, the
tSls % The Flute, The Guitar
Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
(e) (Geographical Mass) 16. Inventions ds uke
The Sun, the Venus, etc. tSls % The telescope
(f) (Desert) The Sahara Desert 17. Date ds igys
(g) (Canal) The Suez Canal tSls % The 7th of October
(h) (Bay) The Bay of Bengal.
18. Planets ds uke ds igys
Note : - The
tSls % The Jupitor
The world, The Universe, The Environment, The
Atmosphere 19. Hotels ds uke ds igys
(Exception) : God, hell, heaven, Parliament tSls % The Taj Hotel
20. Trophy / Cup ds igys
(a) The World is in danger. tSls % The Worldcup, The Arjun Trophy
(b) Go to hell 21. Post of a person (O;fDr dk in) ds igys
(c) We must protect the environment tSls % The Principal

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 Note : Post ds igys A/An dk iz;ksx Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA 5. Meals Lunch, Dinner, etc.
tSls % An author, A Teacher 6. English, Hindi, etc.
22. Superlative Degree ds igys 7. Hobbies Gardening, singing etc.
tSls % He is the best student of our class 8. Hockey, Cricket etc.
9. Noun Complement appoint, make, elect,
ARTICLE CAN NOT BE USED select
They elected him the president. (remove 'the')
uhps fn;s x;s Proper Noun ds lkFk Article dk iz;ksx u
djsaA.
June, July, September etc.
2. Sunday, Monday, Tuesday etc.
3. Mathematics, Physics etc.
4. M.G. Road, Mall Road etc.

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