ID: Bc190401190
CS604
Assignment No.1
Spring 2025
Question 1
Solution: - Part A
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
int factorial(int n) {
if (n <= 1) return 1;
else return n * factorial(n - 1);
}
int main() {
pid_t pid;
int i;
for (i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
pid = fork();
if (pid == 0) { // Child process
printf("Child Process %d:\n", i);
printf("PID: %d, PPID: %d\n", getpid(), getppid());
printf("Student ID: Bc190401190, Name: Sehar Iqbal\n");
int num = 6 - i; // Use different numbers for each child
int fact = factorial(num);
printf("Factorial of %d is: %d\n\n", num, fact);
exit(0);
}
}
// Parent waits for all children
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
wait(NULL);
}
printf("Parent Process:\nPID: %d\nAll child processes completed.\n", getpid());
return 0;
}
Screenshot of Output (Part A):
Question 1 - Part B Before (Initial Version)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main() {
pid_t pid1, pid2;
pid1 = fork();
if (pid1 == 0) {
printf("Child Process 1 (execlp):\nPID: %d, PPID: %d\n", getpid(), getppid());
execlp("ls", "ls", NULL);
perror("execlp failed");
exit(1);
} else {
pid2 = fork();
if (pid2 == 0) {
printf("Child Process 2:\nPID: %d, PPID: %d\n", getpid(), getppid());
printf("Message: Child 2 is exiting.\n");
exit(0);
} else {
sleep(10); // Let zombies be inspected
printf("\nParent Process:\nPID: %d\nSleeping... (Inspect zombie using 'ps aux | grep
<PID>')\n", getpid());
}
}
return 0;
}
Screenshot of Output (Part B before - Initial):
Question 1 - Part B After (Modified Version with execlp)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
int main() {
pid_t pid1, pid2;
// Create first child process
pid1 = fork();
if (pid1 < 0) {
perror("Fork failed for child 1");
exit(1);
}
if (pid1 == 0) {
// Inside first child process
printf("Child Process 1:\n");
printf("PID: %d, PPID: %d\n", getpid(), getppid());
// Run execlp to execute the 'ls' command
printf("Running ls using execlp...\n");
execlp("ls", "ls", NULL);
// If execlp fails
perror("execlp failed for child 1");
exit(1);
} else {
// Create second child process
pid2 = fork();
if (pid2 < 0) {
perror("Fork failed for child 2");
exit(1);
}
if (pid2 == 0) {
// Inside second child process
printf("Child Process 2:\n");
printf("PID: %d, PPID: %d\n", getpid(), getppid());
printf("Child Process 2 is exiting...\n");
exit(0); // Exit child 2
} else {
// Inside parent process
printf("Parent Process: Waiting for children to terminate.\n");
waitpid(pid1, NULL, 0); // Wait for child 1
waitpid(pid2, NULL, 0); // Wait for child 2
printf("Parent Process:\n");
printf("PID: %d\n", getpid());
printf("Both child processes have terminated.\n");
}
}
return 0;
}
Screenshot of Output (Part B - After):
Screenshot of Zombie Process:
