SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

A SEMINAR REPORT ON

Market Basket Analysis Using Apriori Algorithm

SUBMITTED TO THE SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, PUNE IN

THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE T.E.
COMPUTER ENGINEERING

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
(Computer Engineering)(T.E. SEM-I)

SUBMITTED BY
Shinde Omkar Annasaheb Roll No: 3240

Under The Guidance of

Prof. A. S. Thorat

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

Amrutvahini College of Engineering, Sangamner
Amrutnagar, Ghulewadi - 422608
2022-23
AMRUTVAHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,SANGAMNER
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that,

Shinde Omkar Annasaheb Roll No: 3240

Student in Third Year Computer Engineering has successfully completed his Sem-
inar titled ”Market Basket Analysis Using Apriori Algorithm” at Amrutvahini Col-
lege of Engineering, Sangamner towards partial fulfillment of Seminar Work in Third
year Computer Engineering.

Prof. A. S. Thorat Prof. R. S. Gaikwad

Internal Guide Seminar Coordinator
Dept. of Computer Engg. Dept. of Computer Engg.

Prof. S. K. Sonkar Dr. M. A. Venkatesh

H.O.D. Principal
Dept. of Computer Engg. AVCOE Sangamner
 Acknowledgment

Achievement is Finding out what you have been doing and what you have to do. The
higher is submit, the harder is climb. The goal was fixed and I began with the de-
termined resolved and put in a ceaseless sustained hard work. Greater the challenge,
greater was our determination and it guided us to overcome all difficulties. For ev-
erything I have achieved, the credit goes to who had really help us to complete this
seminar and for the timely guidance and infrastructure. Before I proceed any further,
I would like to thank all those who have helped me in all the way through. To start
with I thank my guide Prof. A. S. Thorat, for his guidance, care and support, which
he offered whenever I needed it the most. I would also like to take this opportunity
to thank to Seminar Coordinator Prof. R. S. Gaikwad and our respected Head of
Department Prof. S. K. Sonkar. I’m also thankful to Honourable Principal Dr. M.
A. Venkatesh Sir for his encouragement and support.

AVCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-23 I

 Abstract

Data mining refers to extracting knowledge from large amount of data and which is
used for identifying the relation between one item to another. The association rule
mining identifies relationship between a large set of data items. Finding of these
relationships can help the retailers to develop a sales strategy by considering the
items frequently purchased together by customers. This work acts as a wide area for
the researchers to develop a better data mining algorithm. This research discussed
the market basket analysis (MBA) by using Apriori Algorithm.
Keyword: Market basket analysis (MBA), Apriori Algorithm, Data Mining; Associ-
ation Rule Mining

AVCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-23 II

 Abbreviation
RE Real Estate
PREV Hash Previous Hash
UID User ID
PID Property/Land ID

AVCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-23 III

List of Figures

1.1 Traditional System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

3.1 Old Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

4.1 Proposed System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

4.2 Overall System Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.3 Simple Blockchain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.4 Single Block and Ledger comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.5 Block Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.6 Blockchain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.7 Merkle Root Blockchain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.8 Block Contains Transaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.9 Merkle Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

5.1 Workflow Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

List of Tables

2.1 Main Findings Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

 INDEX

Acknowledgment I

Abstract I

Abbreviation II

List of Figures III

List of Tables IV

1 Introduction 1
1.1 Seminar Idea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Motivation of the Seminar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2.1 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2.2 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2.3 Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2 Literature Survey 5
2.1 Literature Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

3 Problem In Current System 9

3.1 Problem In Current System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

4 System Architecture 12
4.1 Proposed System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.1.1 Participant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.1.2 Blockchain Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
 4.1.3 Merkle Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.1.4 Consensus Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

5 System Work Flow And Analysis 21

5.1 Workflow Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5.1.1 Workflow Of System As Follows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5.2 Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5.2.1 Related Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

6 Advantages And Disadvantages 25

6.1 Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6.2 Disadvantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

7 Conclusion and Future Work 28

7.1 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
7.2 Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

8 References 31

AVCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-23 VII

 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
1.1 SEMINAR IDEA

RE investment is considered one of the safest options for investing. It provides secu-
rity to investors and is a hedge against inflation (money inflation). It is also a physical
asset that is excellent for portfolio diversification, and can be non-volatile and essen-
tially risk-free over a long period of time. RE investment is available to everyone.
To provide security, stability and faster result Real Estate management system was
proposed. The Real Estate management system has moved towards keeping digital
records instead of the old traditional way of keeping paper documents but it has not
become digital for transactions of real estate. This process is involving so many peo-
ples and middlemen. This study involve the process due to which author can be do
all above task with a very smaller number of peoples and less time. For land, being
a high-valued asset, it is very important to have accurate records which identify the
current owner and provide proof that he is indeed an owner. These records can be
cryptographically secured and can be used to protect ownership rights, prevent fraud-
ulent sale deeds, and also resolve disputes. The problem is that the traditional way is
plagued with incomplete and damaged records. This study is divided into multiple
departments that do work synchronously for real estate management which leads to
complete verification and verify document forgery. For the transfer of property, one
needs to go through multiple departments that change their copy of the records which
is a loophole in the traditional way which some cheaters can take advantage. This
study is based on permissioned blockchain that will be distributed and decentralized
in nature. All the nodes in the blockchain network will be synchronized with each
other and will follow the Byzantine consensus protocol. Any change in the data to
any node will be nullified by the synchronous data checking with the other nodes in
the network means providing an immutable and secure ledger. The data will also be
stored in a centralized database for easy and efficient data fetching, which will be in
the public domain for easy to access and in case easy to verification, while the trans-
action of the property, the property will be verified by the Blockchain data store by
using the Merkle Patricia tree. This seminar study will be connected to the different
departments and synchronize with the departments for efficient and real-time data
access and verification and transactions of the property.

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1.2 MOTIVATION OF THE SEMINAR

Many industries have done the research and later discovered the efficient amount
of usage of the Blockchain Technology in their domain. Real Estate is also one of
these industries. There are various problems with the traditional working of the Real
Estate industry. Suppose you want to invest in properties located at someplace, you
need to visit the property once, which will be time consuming. Also, there will be
several middlemen included in this process. There exists a lack of transparency in
the traditional Real Estate industry. The introduction of crypto-currency will ensure
fast and much more transparent transactions. Panama Papers controversy reflected
the problem with the traditional working of the Real Estate industry. This showed
us how much corruption and scams are taking place in the Real Estate business. A
higher level of transparency can overcome the problem of corruption, tax evasion,
and illegal money transfers. The main concern comes with the security of the deeds
and agreements of the properties. Generally, the information of these records is kept
manually in a register. If this information is somehow lost then we barely have any
proof who is the actual owner of the property. This becomes a matter of concern
when their disputes over a property because at that time there will be no official
proof of the owner of the house.

1.2.1 Purpose

The study aimed at designing a management system for a real estate with statistical
capabilities that could help to buyer and seller reduce the extent and uncertainty as-
sociated with decision making. The package has been designed with statistical anal-
ysis tools for developing a better understanding of variables surrounding a decision-
making process. The package was also designed to compare two groups of data e.g.
income and expenditure, and make forecasts based on the current data.

1.2.2 Scope

• The system can be integrated with artificial intelligence to make predictive

models for the real estate system.

AVCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-23 3

 • The system can be completely automated and can eliminate the requirement
of the agent to verify and only buyer and seller can perform the transaction
easily.

• We can easily find the best available properties

1.2.3 Objectives

• To Study the Blockchain and how to apply it in real estate.

• To understand the loopholes in existing system (present system) and how to

overcome on it.

• To create feasibility and better communication between seller and buyer.

• To understand the importance of Blockchain security challenges, and its future

scope in real estate market.

• Blockchain replaces outdated paper deeds with true digital assets and tracks
changes on an immutable ledger that acts as a secure shared source of truth for
documents between multiple parties and organizations

Figure 1.1: Traditional System

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 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 LITERATURE SURVEY

Many researchers have contributed by proposing various Blockchain based concepts

and system to establish a stability in RE.Their contributions are enlisted as follows:-

1. Aniket Mittal, Bhavyansh Sharma (Atal Bihari Vajpayee-Indian Institute, Gwalior,

India) state how we can implement Blockchain in RE market to develop a secure sys-
tem. Using Blockchain they developed permission based system where buyer and
seller can easily buy and cell property. They use Merkle tree to find hash of block,
Byzantine fault tolerance for the consensus protocol

2. Sobhan Latifi, Yunpeng Zhang, Liang-Chieh Cheng (University of Houston,

U.S.A.) They State the concept of blockchain in RE. AS well as concept of Smart
contract in RE.The Smart contract are also another concept that means: a work be
done and be audited automatically without the existence of middlemen. In smart
contracts, codes are laws and two parties in a transaction agreed on its content.

3. Disha Shinde, Siddharth Raut, S. S. Sambhare, Snehal Padekar (Department of

Computer Engineering PCCOE Pune, India) they did survey of traditional system
and find drawbacks in like duplicate papers, middleman, delay in stamp duty like
this so they highlighted need of Blockchain based digital system which overcome
this drawbacks.

4. Dipika Bhanushali, Akshara Koul, Sainiranjan Sharma, Bushra Shaikh, (Depart-

ment of Information Technology,SIES School of Technology, Navi Mumbai, India)
proposed a design methodology design for the smart contract which enables the de-
velopment of different use cases using Blockchain technology. They explained de-
tailed working functions and processes which are described for a specific use case
providing beneficial contributions to the real estate domain. They also explained
how the Blockchain helps us for the development of a paperless layer for all city
transactions, in a secure way for the optimum management of the smart city’s assets.

AVCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-23 6

5. Mohammed Zahuruddin, Sangeeta Gupta, Shaik Akram . highlighted the major
challenge faced by RE market that is we have to visit so many government depart-
ment to change information on property document, to cell the property we have to
collect old documents, some times same property is cell to two different peoples as
well as if property paper is damaged then we don’t have any legal backup of it so
they apply Blockchain technology in traditional system to keep digital records any
many more.

AVCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-23 7

 Table 2.1: Main Findings Analysis

Sr.No. Paper Title Year of Main Findings

Publication
1 ”real Estate Management System 2020 Finding Loop hols
using blockchain” in traditional
system
2 ”Blochchain-based Real Estate market: 2019 Booming the real estate
one method for applying Blockchain market using Blockchain
technology in Commercial technology and provide
Real Estate Market” security to investor.
3 “Land Registry Using Blockchain 2019 Existing systems has
A Survey of existing systems and drawbacks like performance
proposing a feasible solution” bottleneck and single point of
failure and propose blockchain
based system for secure
storage of property papers.
4 “BlockChain to Prevent 2020 Minimize the fraud while
Fraudulent Activities: buying and selling
Buying and Selling property by using
Property Using BlockChain” blockchain based system.
5 ”Land Regestration Using 2020 Tovercome the limitations
Blockchain Technnology” of the present land
registration system.

AVCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-23 8

 CHAPTER 3

PROBLEM IN CURRENT SYSTEM

3.1 PROBLEM IN CURRENT SYSTEM

For the current system, the buyer first pays the money to the seller and then pays
the stamp duty charges to the government which can be done online. Then they
have to schedule an appointment with the local registry office where they need to
go with all the documents and the payment proof. Their documents are verified
and this process takes so much time and there are loopholes that can be used by
criminals. After this process, the buyer also needs to manually go and change owner
details in the municipal records. The electric board and water board also have owner
details that need to be changed manually. (This process is explained in following
fig 3.1) There are Increasing numbers of fraud cases because of the non-availability
of genuine data records to property buyers so a lack of transparency is there in the
system. It is all because the data is not available in the public domain and there is no
way to know how many properties are owned by any person because the records are
distributed. this problem is addressed by the government in the near past but the non-
availability of genuine data in the public domain is still a problem that needs to be
addressed. It is a very time-consuming process and involving many middlemen who
sometimes charge illegal fees to do the work. this process takes about 10-15 days
which should be done rapidly in this fast-moving world. The government has moved
towards digitalization and keeping digital records in a centralized database but there
are also issues with the centralized database some of the issues are data security and
fraudulent data changes which is a very important problem to focus upon. Loss of
records in any disaster situation if present in traditional offices or in a centralized
system is another issue. Also, the cost of this system is very high and the system is
involving so many peoples which are not required in this digital world where most
of the work can be automated by technology. Apart from all these problems, there is
another problem with the transfer of property by heredity or will. In this case, one
has to go to the land registry office with the death certificate of the person to transfer
the property and so many procedures are needed to be followed in this case which is
a very tiring procedure. There is no way to automatically transfer the property which
should be implemented.

AVCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-23 10

 Figure 3.1: Old Process

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 CHAPTER 4

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
4.1 PROPOSED SYSTEM

The proposed solution is a centralized system with a distributed blockchain network

for secured and immutable data storage. It will be synchronized with the different
departments for the real-time and efficient property transfer system. The data of the
property will be in the public domain through a channel in the system and will be
easily accessible to the people and all the departments for the trustworthy system. It
can also be extended to have the details of the property on lease. The transfer of the
property will be cryptographically secured with the public key-private key cryptog-
raphy and will be Blockchain secured for the immutable data records.he Blockchain
application is used to make property buying and selling and its registration trans-
parent and convenient. The security and consistency of the data is the primary aim
which is possible by the Blockchain technology shown in (Fig. 4.1 shows the pro-
posed system design).

Figure 4.1: Proposed System

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 Figure 4.2: Overall System Design

4.1.1 Participant

1. Buyer: who wants to buy the property.

2. Seller: who owns the property and wants to sell it.
3. Land registry department: The registry department will be responsible for the final
verification of the property transaction and the agent of the department will verify
the transaction with its id and it will have the power to not allow the transaction of
the property by some predefined rules.
4. Municipal department: This department can access the records in the public do-
main and will verify the transaction if there would be no taxes due for that property
and the respective municipal body will get the acknowledgment of the changes of
the property ownership.
5. Electric board and water board: They can access the public records and will ver-
ify the transaction if there would be no bills due. They will get the change records
according to if they would be the service providers for that property.
6. Income tax department: This department will verify the transaction based on the
credit of the person and unpaid taxes and will get the transaction details of the prop-
erty for the property income-related taxes.

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4.1.2 Blockchain Technology

Blockchain is nothing but the chain of block as shown in (fig 4.1 Simple block chain).

Figure 4.3: Simple Blockchain

If We compare it with ledger at shop. each record in ledger is a single block

in blockchain. The ledger hold records of specific Parson about it’s shopping and
borrow details as well as from where shop get stuff and where it delivered etc. like
that specific block holds the information of property like whose property is? who is
first owner? etc.

Figure 4.4: Single Block and Ledger comparison

Each block in blockchain consist of

• Data Part.

• Hash.

• prev Hash (Previous hash).

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The prev hash is equal to hash of previous block.

Figure 4.5: Block Structure

Figure 4.6: Blockchain

Blockchain is a distributed and decentralized ledger. It does not require any

central authority but it contains many nodes that work being synchronous to each
other. the data is timestamped when attached to the Blockchain. And the chain of
the data is cryptographically secured.
The most attention-seeking qualities of Blockchain technology are:

• Distributed and decentralized system.

• Security: chain of data is cryptographically secured.

AVCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-23 16

 • Immutability: data cannot tamper.

In the Blockchain, every block hash is calculated and stored in it and also
the hash of the previous block is stored in it by which it is linked to the previous
block and form a chain of blocks. (explained in Fig. 4.5) If any data in the block
is changed then the hash of the block will not match with the hash stored by which
system can know that there is a problem in the data and data is fraudulently changed,
since it is a distributed system so the data should be the same in all the nodes. It
follows Byzantine fault tolerance for the consensus protocol and all the nodes keep
in contact with each other checking the data of their respective Blockchain all the
time if data of anyone node is found different from other, then it gathers data from
all the other nodes and follow byzantine fault tolerance consensus protocol and cor-
rect the data in real-time which make it extremely difficult to hack and change the
data fraudulently. Byzantine fault tolerance protocol simply takes feedback from all
the nodes and takes the decision based on the feedback and go with the feedback of
the majority of the systems. Even if any node fails then there would be other nodes
working so there would not be any loss of data or anything.
They have store number of property transaction in single block. The single block can
hold around 2000 transaction at a time. To track each transaction and define hash of
block they used ”Merkle Algorithm” using which they have generated hash of block.
After using Merkle algorithm Blockchain will be, shown in fig (4.6).

AVCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-23 17

 Figure 4.7: Merkle Root Blockchain

4.1.3 Merkle Tree

Merkle tree is used to calculate the hash of the block efficiently. In this tree hash of
adjacent 2 leaf nodes are calculated then the hash of adjacent 2 hash nodes is calcu-
lated and this process repeats until we get a single Merkle root node and forming a
tree-like structure. Mrkle tree is binary hash tree. It broken the data into tiny pieces.
The merkle tree is useful because it allows to verify a specific transaction without
downloading the whole blockchain. It is used to encrypt blockchain data more effec-
tively and securely as well as to verify consistency of data.It generates Merkle root
which is act like hash of block shown in (fig 4.6).
Consider the block having 4 transaction each transaction has it’s hash as shown in
(fig 4.7).

AVCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-23 18

 Figure 4.8: Block Contains Transaction

The Merkle root for the above block is as shown in (fig 4.8).

Figure 4.9: Merkle Tree

4.1.4 Consensus Protocol

Blockchain is a distributed decentralized network that provides immutability, pri-

vacy, security, and transparency. There is no central authority present to validate and

AVCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-23 19

verify the transactions, yet every transaction in the Blockchain is considered to be
completely secured and verified. This is possible only because of the presence of the
consensus protocol which is a core part of any Blockchain network. A consensus al-
gorithm is a procedure through which all the peers of the Blockchain network reach a
common agreement about the present state of the distributed ledger. In this way, con-
sensus algorithms achieve reliability in the Blockchain network and establish trust
between unknown peers in a distributed computing environment. Essentially, the
consensus protocol makes sure that every new block that is added to the Blockchain
is the one and only version of the truth that is agreed upon by all the nodes in the
Blockchain.
The Blockchain consensus protocol consists of some specific objectives such as com-
ing to an agreement, collaboration, co-operation, equal rights to every node, and
mandatory participation of each node in the consensus process. Thus, a consensus
algorithm aims at finding a common agreement that is a win for the entire network.
Now, we will discuss consensus algorithms which is proof of work and how it work.

4.1.4.1 Proof Of Work

Proof-of-work or pow, is the original consensus algorithm in a Blockchain networks,

where buyer sends a digital token to seller, Land Registry verifies them and create
new transaction to the chain. In this algorithm, the seller and land registry depart-
ment had a key to change the data or add data in block this concept is known ad
proof of work. In ”Bitcoin” their is 10 minutes time stamp for proof of work.
In this proposed system key act as proof of work where it will transfer to the new
owner of property after the transaction added into block and old key which previous
owner had is blocked, the new owner can change it’s key time to time for security.
All the verified transactions in the network are collected into blocks and arranged
accordingly Merkle tree. Proof of work is a protocol that prevents data from cyber
attacks like denial-of-service attack (DoS) which intends to drain computer resources
by sending numerous false requests.

AVCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-23 20

 CHAPTER 5

SYSTEM WORK FLOW AND ANALYSIS

5.1 WORKFLOW DIAGRAM

Figure 5.1: Workflow Diagram

5.1.1 Workflow Of System As Follows

Initialization

1. Identity Mapping UID :

Every person should be identified by a unique id UID for the identification
purpose and should be provided a unique id linked to the all the person details
different entities should be provided a unique id UID.

2. Property Mapping PID :

Property should be mapped according to location and arca and should be pro-
vided a unique property id PID. Govt property and private property should be
mapped separately and should be mapped to the correct owner.

3. Genesis Transaction :
This transaction is the first step to add the data to the Blockchain. every prop-
erty PID should be linked to the owner UID and this transaction should be
committed to the Blockchain network initially by the real estate department.

4. Key Generation for UID :

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 Every person or entity can generate a public-private key pair for their account
on the system. this procedure use for key generatio0n.

5. Transaction Procedure :

• First the owner is verified by checking last occurrence of PID with UID
in the Blockchain data.

• After verifying ownership, status of the property is checked that is should

not be on lien being mortgaged. This information will be checked from
the system which will be given by financial institutions.

• After this, transaction will be initiated. Documents can be verified and

buyer and seller can be verified by an agent of land department. If they
want to meet virtually there is video call option too.

• After this, signatures and keys of buyer and seller will be verified and
after verification, transaction will be transmitted to the Blockchain net-
work.

• Individual Blockchain nodes will verify the transaction and give status
to the other nodes and based on the consensus results, they will add the
block to the Blockchain or will return false if found malicious.

• The Blockchain nodes will always be synchronized to each other if any

node data is changed fraudulently then it will be recovered from the other
nodes in the real time.

AVCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-23 23

5.2 ANALYSIS

The proposed system differs from the previously provided solutions in the following
ways

• Robust Central system :

All the departments related to the real estate will be connected at one place and
sharing real-time information the process will become easy and efficient and
also economical. While in previous solutions provided, decentralized system
was discussed. In the system government control is required to a great extent
and transparency is also required. To avoid the loopholes and fake person
data, the system can be integrated with the central citizenship database. So,
the proposed model provides a way between central system with distributed
and decentralized Blockchain database.

• Automation :
The system will be automated for many tasks e.g. it can transfer property
based on wills and heredity in a secured way according to people data.

• Integrated database :
In the proposed solution, the database is integrated for various departments
related to the real estate management.
e.g. land department, municipal department

5.2.1 Related Work

• Dubai is the world’s first government entity to adopt Blockchain technology

for land ownership registration.

• United Kingdom and Brazil have initiated their projects on the land registry
system.

• Russia working on registration of Real Estate on Blockchain based platform.

AVCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-23 24

 CHAPTER 6

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

6.1 ADVANTAGES

• Digital Data :
The technology gets better over time this is digital era. so keeping digital
records is much better than to keep paper records.

• Less time needed :

In traditional way it took so much time to complete the process and we have to
do stamp duty lots of paper work as well as we have to pay for middleman, so
is better to Blockchain based system which nullify the drawbacks in traditional
system.

• Better Security :
All the data will be secured by cryptography secured and only authorized peo-
ple with keys can update it.

• Immutable data :
All the data will be stored on the Blockchain network and will be immutable
in nature and any attempt to change the data will not be successful.

AVCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-23 26

6.2 DISADVANTAGES

• System cost is high.

• Skilled employee needed to handle the system.

• In Case of Attack (DOS) on system more cloud storage needed to store re-
quests.

AVCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-23 27

 CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

7.1 CONCLUSION

Solution has been provided to an inefficient, tedious, and insecure existing system
of Land Registry through Blockchain technology. All the prevailing problems of
forgery, middlemen, cronyism, etc. are dealt shrewdly with modern approaches and
tools. Multiple aspects have been considered in designing, implementing, and evalu-
ating various cases. Smart contracts are used to provide transparency and minimiza-
tion of any third-party entity. Digital signatures are used at every stage to ensure
immutability. Integrity is ensured through connected cryptographic hashes between
blocks.Therefore, we can think of this as a smart futuristic solution that can provide
immutability, security, convenience, time-saving, and many facilities and can change
the current Real Estate Management System. The main purpose to develop this real
estate management system project to resolve the issue of both buyer and seller. The
seller sell property with details such as location, area, hall, price, and all facilities
can list in the form, Buyer can search the property according to their budget, location
then direct contact to the seller no middle man is present so it’s better than traditional
way and we can save our precious time.

AVCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-23 29

7.2 FUTURE WORK

• The system can be integrated with artificial intelligence to make predictive

models for the real estate system.

• The system can be completely automated and can eliminate the requirement
of the agent to verify and only buyer and seller can perform the transaction
easily.

• More Functionality can be added depending upon the user requirements and
Specifications.

AVCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-23 30

CHAPTER 8

REFERENCES
 1. Aniket Mittal, Bhavyansh Sharma, “Real Management System Based On Bloackchain”,
2020 IEEE 7th Uttar Pradesh Section International Conference on Electrical,
Electronics and Computer Engineering (UPCON).

2. Sobhan Latifi, Yunpeng Zhang, Liang-Chieh Cheng, “Blochchain-based Real

Estate market: one method for applying Blockchain technology in Commer-
cial Real Estate Market”, 2019 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain
(Blockchain).

3. Disha Shinde, Siddharth Raut, S. S. Sambhare, Snehal Padekar, “Land Reg-

istry Using Blockchain - A Survey of existing systems and proposing a feasi-
ble solution”, 2019 International Conference On Computing, Communication,
Control And Automation (ICCUBEA).

4. Dipika Bhanushali, Akshara Koul, Sainiranjan Sharma, Bushra Shaikh, “BlockChain

to Prevent Fraudulent Activities: Buying and Selling Property Using BlockChain”,
2020 International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies (ICICT).

5. Mohammed Zahuruddin, Sangeeta Gupta, Shaik Akram, “Land Regestration

Using Blockchain Technnology”, Department of CSE, CBIT, Hyderabad.

6. Muhammad Umer Shabbir, “Blockchain in Real Estate Sector: Benefits and

Challenges”, researchgate.net

7. Introduction to blockchain.
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/blockchain-technology-introduction.

8. Consensus rule and Proof Of Work

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/consensus-algorithms-in-blockchain/
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/blockchain-proof-of-work-pow/

9. What is Merkle Treein BLockchain

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/blockchain-merkle-trees/

10. Role of Cryptography in blockchain.

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/cryptography-in-blockchain

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