KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO-1 CUTTACK

SUMMER VACATION HOMEWORK

SUBJECT-SCIENCE CLASS-XII (A,B & C)
1) Solve the following questions given from previous years Board Exam
papers.
2) Complete the Investigatory Project according to your Roll No.

CHAPTER – SOLUTIONS
A) 1.What is Henry’s Law ? Give one application of it . [2023]
2.a) Differentiate between ideal and non ideal solution . [2023]
b) 30g of urea dissolved in 846 g of water . Calculate the vapour pressure of water
for this solution if the vapour pressure of pure water at 298k is 23.8 mmHg.
3.Give reasons. [2023]
a) Measurement of osmotic pressure method is preferred for the determination of
molar masses of macro molecules such as proteins and polymers.
b) Aquatic animals are more comfortable in cold water than in hot water.
c) Elevation of boiling point of 1 M KCl solution is nearly double than that of 1M
sugar solution.
4. A solution is prepared by dissolving 10 g of non volatile solute in 200 g of water. It
has a vapour pressure of 31.84 mmHg at 308 K. Calculate the molar mass of the
solute .
( Vapour pressure of pure water at 308K is 32mmHg) [2023]
5.When 19.5 g of F-CH2-COOH (Molar mass-78 g mol -1)is dissolved in 500 g of
water, the depression in freezing point is observed to be 1°C. Calculate the degree of
dissociation of F-CH2-COOH.
(KF for water is 1.86 k kg mol -1 ) [2023]
6. The vapour pressure of pure liquid X and pure liquid Y at 25°C Are 120 mmHg
and 160 mm Hg respectively. If equal moles of X and Y are mixed to form an ideal
solution , calculate the vapour pressure of the solution. [2023]
7.Solubility of gas in liquid decrease with increase in [2023]
a) Temperature. b) Pressure
c) Volume d) No. Of solute molecules
8.Assertion (A): The enthalpy of mixing ( ∆mix H ) is equal to zero for an ideal
solution.
Reason ( R ): For an ideal solution the interaction between solute and solvent
molecules is stronger than the interaction between solute – solute and solvent –
solvent molecules. [2023]
9.An azeotropic mixture of two liquids has a boiling point higher than either of the
two liquids when it : [2023]
a) shows large -ve deviation from Raoult’s law
b) shows no deviation from Raoult’s law
c) Shows large +ve deviation from Raoult’s law
d) obey Raoult’s law
10. 1 molal aqueous solution of an electrolyte A2B3 is 60% ionized . calculate the
boiling point of the solution.(Kb for water is 0.53 k kg mol-1)
11.At the same temperature, CO2 gas is more soluble in water than O2 gas . [2024]
Which one of them has higher value of KH and why?
12. The vapour pressure of A and B at 25°C are 85 mmHg and 25 mmHg. [2024]
respectively. If A and B are mixed such that the mole fraction in the mixture is 0.4
then calculate the mole fraction of B in the vapour phase.
13.why are equimolar solution of NaCl and sucrose are not isotonic ? [2024]
14. The vapour pressure of solvent at 283K is 100 mmHg. Calculate the [2024]
Vapour pressure of a dilute solution containing 1 mole of a strong electrolyte AB in
50 moles of solvent at 283K (assume complete dissociation of solute AB)
15. A 1% solution of solute ‘X’ is isotonic with a 6% solution of sucrose [2024]
(molar mass 342 g mol -1). Calculate the molar mass of solute ‘X’ .
16. Define molal depression constant. How it is related to enthalpy of fusion. [2024]
17. What type of deviation is shown by ethanol and acetone mixture ? [2024]
Give reason .
What type of azeotropic mixture is formed by that deviation?
18. 18 g of non volatile solute dissolved in 200 g of water freezes at [2024]
272.07 K. Calculate the molecular mass of solute .(Kf for H2O is 1.86 K kg mol -1)
19 . Calculate the molar mass of a compound when 6.3 g of it is dissolved [2024]
in 27 g of chloroform to form a solution that has a boiling point of 68.04 °C. The
boiling point of pure chloroform is 61.04°C and Kb for chloroform is 3.63°C Kg mol -
1
.
20. Van’t Hoff factor for Na2SO4 .10 H2O solution, assuming
complete ionization is [2024]
A)1 B) 3 C) 13 D)2
21. Ishan’s automobile radiator is filled with 1.0 kg of water.
How many grams of ethylene glycol (molar mass = 62 g mol -1) must ishan add to get
the freezing point of the solution lowered to -2.8°C . (KF for H2O is 1.86 K kg mol -
1
) [2024]
22.Find the van’t Hoff factor for acetic acid in benzene as per the given
Instruction :
2 (CH3COOH) are in equilibrium with (CH3COOH)2 [2023]
23. Osmotic pressure of a solution containing 3.5 gram of dissolved protein in 0.05
L of a solution is 0.035 atm at 310 K. Calculate the molar mass of protein .(R=0.0821
L atm K-1 mol -1) [2023]
24. 1 mole of liquid A and 2 moles of liquid B make a solution having a total
vapour pressure of 40 torr . The vapour pressure of pure A and pure B are 45 torr and
30 torr respectively. The above solution is [2023]
A) An ideal solution. B) Shows positive deviation
C) Shows negative deviation D) Is a maximum boiling azeotrope
25. When 25.6 g of sulphur dissolved in 100 g of benzene, [2023]
the freezing point lowered by 0.512K . Calculate the formula of Sulphur.
(Kf for benzene = 5.12 K Kg mol -1 , atomic mass of sulphur is 32 g mol -1)
26. Which one of the following pairs will form an ideal solutions? [2021]
(A) Chloroform and acetone
(B) Ethanol and acetone
(C) n-hexane and n-heptane
(D) Phenol and aniline
27. Which of the following formula represents Raoult’s law for a solution [2021]
containing non-volatile solute?
(A) Psolute = P°solute - Xsolute
(B) P = KH.X
(C) PTotal = Psolvent
(D) Psolute = P°solvent - XSolvent
28. . An azeotropic solution of two liquids has a boiling point lower [2021]
than either of the two when it
(A) Shows a positive deviation from Raoult’s law.
(B) Shows a negative deviation from Raoult’s law.
(C) Shows no deviation from Raoult’s law.
(D) is saturated.
29. Elevation of boiling point is inversely proportional to [ 2021]
(A) Molal elevation constant (Kb)
(B) Molality (m)
(C) Molar mass of solute (M)
(D) Weight of solute (w)
30. An unknown gas ‘X’ is dissolved in water at 2.5 bar pressure and has [2021]
Mole fraction 0.04 is solution. The mole fraction of ‘X’ gas when the pressure of gas
is doubled at the same temperature is
(A) 0.08
(B) 0.04
(C) 0.02
(D) 0.92
31. The boiling point of a 0.2 m solution of a non-electrolyte in water is [2021]
(Ks for water = 0.52 K kg mol-1)
(A) 100 °C
(B) 100.52 °C
(C) 100.104 °C
(D) 100.26 °C
32. Assertion (A): A raw mango placed in a saline solution loses water. [2021]
and shrivel into pickle.
Reason (R): Through the process of reverse osmosis, raw mango shrivel into
pickle.
(A) Both A and R arc true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R arc true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false but R is true.
33.A solution contains 5.85 g NaCl (Molar mass = 58.5 g mol-1) [2020]
per litre of solution. It has an osmotic pressure of 4.75 atm at 27°C. Calculate the
degree of dissociation of NaCl in this solution. (R=0.082 L atm K-1 mol-1)
34. State Henry’s law. Why is air diluted with helium in the tanks used by [2020]
scuba divers?
35.Give reasons: [2020]
(i) 0.1 M KCl has higher boiling point than 0.1 M Glucose.
(ii) Meat is preserved for a longer time by salting.
36. State Raoult’s law for a solution containing volatile components. [2019,S-1]
Write two characteristics of the solution which obeys Raoult’s law at all
concentrations.
37. A 4% solution(w/w) of sucrose (M = 342 g mol–1) in water has a [2019,S-1]
freezing point of 271.15 K. Calculate the freezing point of 5% glucose (M = 180 g
mol–1) in water.
(Given: Freezing point of pure water = 273.15 K)
38. Calculate the molarity of 9.8% (w/w) solution of H2SO4 .If the density [2014]
Of the solution is 1.02 g ml–1. (Molar mass of H2SO4 = 98 g mol-1)
39. Define the following terms : [2017,S-1]
(i) Colligative properties
(ii) Molality (m)
40. A 10% solution (by mass) of sucrose in water has freezing point [2017,S-1]
of 269.15 K. Calculate the freezing point of 10% glucose in water, if freezing point
of pure water is 273.15 K.
Given : (Molar mass of sucrose = 342 g mol–1)
(Molar mass of glucose = 180 g mol–1)
41. (i) Out of 1 M glucose and 2 M glucose, which one has a higher . [2016]
boiling point and why ?
(ii) What happens when the external pressure applied becomes more than the applied
pressure of the solution.
42.Blood cells are isotonic with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. [2016]
What happens if we place blood cells in a solution containing
(i) 1.2% sodium chloride solution ?
(ii) 0.4% sodium chloride solution ?
43.What is meant by positive deviations from Raoult’s law ? [2015]
Give an example. What is the sign of ∆mixH for positive deviation ?
44. Define azeotropes. What type of azeotrope is formed by [2015]
positive deviation from Raoult’s law ? Give an example.
45. 3.9 g of benzoic acid dissolved in 49 g of benzene shows a [2015]
depression in freezing point of 1.62 K. Calculate the van’t Hoff factor and predict the
nature of solute (associated or dissociated).
(Given : Molar mass of benzoic acid = 122 g mol–1, Kf for benzene = 4.9 K kg mol
46.Calculate the mass of compound (molar mass = 256 g mol -l) to be [2014]
Dissolved in 75 g of benzene to lower it’s freezing point by 0.48K.(Kf = 5.12 K kg
mol-1)

CHAPTER – ELECTROCHEMISTRY
B) 1.A voltaic cell is made by connecting two half cells represented by half
equations below [2023]
Sn2+(aq) + 2e-  Sn(s) E°= -0.14V
Fe3+(aq) + e-  Fe2+(aq) E°= +0.77V
Which statement is correct about this voltaic cell ?
a)Fe2+ is oxidised and the voltage of the cell is -0.91V
b)Sn is oxidised and the voltage of the cell is 0.91 V
c)Fe2+ is oxidised and the voltage of the cell is 0.91 V
d)Sn is oxidised and the voltage of the cell is 0.63 V
2. Four half reactions I to IV are shown below. [2023]
I) 2Cl-  Cl2 + 2e-
II) 4OH-  O2 + 2H2O + 2e-
III) Na+ + e-  Na
IV) 2H+ + 2e-  H2
Which of these reactions are most likely to occur when concentrated brine is
electrolysed ?
3. Calculate the emf of the following cell at 298K : [2023]
Fe(s) | Fe2+ (0.01M) || H+ (1M) | H2 (g), (1 bar), Pt(s)
Given E°cell= 0.44V
4.In the Arrhenius equation, when logK is plotted against 1/T , a straight [2024]
line is obtained whose
a) Slope is A/R and intercept Ea
b)Slope is A and intercept is -Ea/R
c)Slope is -Ea/RT and intercept is log A
d) Slope is -Ea/2.303R and intercept is log A
5.Calculate the potential of iron electrode in which the concentration [2024]
of Fe2+ ion is 0.01 M.
(E° of Fe2+/Fe = -0.45V at 298 K ) (log 10 = 1)
6. When a certain conductivity cell was filled with 0.05 M KCl solution, [2024]
it has a resistance of 100 ohm at 25°C. When the same cell was filled with 0.02 M
AgNO3 solution, the resistance is 90 ohm . Calculate the conductivity and molar
conductivity of AgNO3 solution.
(Given conductivity of 0.05 M KCl solution = 1.35 × 10-2 ohm-1 cm-1)
7.(a) State Faraday’s law of electrolysis. How much charge in faraday is [2024]
required for the reduction of 1 mol of MnO4- to Mn2+.
(b)The resistance of 0.05 M CH3COOH solution is found to be 100 ohm . If the cell
constant is 0.0354 cm-1, calculate the molar conductivity of acetic acid solution.
8. Write anode ,cathode and overall cell reaction of a lead storage battery. [2024]
9. Calculate emf of the following cell: [2024]
Zn (s) | Zn2+(0.1M) || Sn2+ (0.001M) | Sn(s)
Given: E° Zn2+/Zn = -0.76V , E°Sn2+/Sn= -0.14V
[log 10 =1]
10. Complete the following iconic equation : [2024]
(a) 2 MnO4- + 5SO32- + 6H+ .
(b) Cr2O72- + 14H+ + 6Fe2+ 
11. The conductivity of 0.2 M KCl solution is 2.48 ×10-2 S cm-1 [2024]
Calculate it’s molar conductivity and degree of dissociation.
Given. λ ° (K+ )= 73.5 S cm2 mol-1
λ °(Cl-) = 76.5 S cm2 mol-1
12. Calculate ∆G° and logKc for the following cell reaction : [2024]
Fe(s) + Ag+ (aq) ⇌ Fe2+ (aq) + Ag(s)
Given E°Fe2+/Fe = -0.44V , E°Ag+/Ag = +0.80V
13. (a) write any two advantages of the fuel cell over primary and [2024]
secondary batteries .
(b) How many Faradays are required for the oxidation of 1 mol of H2O2 to O2 ?
14.The molar ionic conductivity of Ca2+ and Cl- are 119.0 and [2023]
76.3 S cm2 mol-1 respectively. The value of limiting mola conductivity of CaCl2 will
be
a) 195.3 Scm2 mol-1. b) 43.3 Scm2mol-1
c)314.3 Scm2 mol-1. d) 271.6 Scm2mol-1
15.Which of the following cell is used in Apollo space programme [2023]
a) Mercury cell. b) H2-O2 fuel cell
c) Dry cell. d) Ni- Cd cell
16. (a) State Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions . [2023]
Write an expression for the limiting molar conductivity of acetic acid according to
Kohlrausch law.
17. ∆G and E° cell for a spontaneous reaction will be. [2023]
a) positive, negative. b) negative, negative
c) negative, positive. d) positive, positive
18. On diluting two electrolytes A and B , the λm of A increases 25 [2023]
times that of B increases by 1.5 times. Which of the two electrolytes is strong ?
Justify your answer graphically.
19.The electrical resistance of a column of a 0.05 mol L-1 NaOH solution of [2023]
diameter 1 cm and length 50 cm is 5.55 ×10³ ohm. Calculate the conductivity.
20.Calculate the maximum work and log Kc for the given reaction at 298K. [2023]
Ni(s) + 2Ag+(aq) ⇌ Ni2+ (aq) + 2Ag(s)
Given : E°Ni2+/Ni = -0.25V , E°Ag+/Ag = +0.80V
1F= 96500 C mol-1
21. With the help of a graph explain why it is not possible to determine [2023]
molar conductivity at infinity dilution for weak electrolyte by extrapolating the
molar conductivity (λm) versus √C curve as for strong electrolyte.
22. Calculate the half cell potential at 298K for the given reaction [2023]
Zn2+(aq) + 2e-  Zn(s)
If [Zn2+] = 0.1 M and E° Zn2+/Zn = -0.76V
23. The molar conductivities of NH4+ and Cl-1are 73.8 S cm2 mol-1 and [2023]
76.2 S cm2 mol-1 respectively. The conductivity of 0.1 M NH4Cl is 1.29 ×10-2 S cm-
1
.
Calculate it’s molar conductivity and degree of dissociation.
24. Out of the following pairs , predict with reason which will allow greater [2022]
conduction of electricity :
a) 1 M CH3COOH solution or 0.1 M CH3COOH solution on dilution
b)copper wire at 27°C or copper wire at 50°C
25. The standard Gibbs energy (∆rG°) for the following cell reaction is [2022]
-300KJ.mol-1.
Zn(s) + 2 Ag+(aq)  Zn2+(aq) + 2Ag(s)
Calculate E°cell for the reaction . (Given 1F= 96500 mol-1)
26.Write the Nernst equation for the following cell reaction [2022]
Zn+ Cu2+(aq)  Zn2+ (aq) + Cu(s)
How will be the Ecell affected when the concentration of
a) Cu2+ increased
b) Zn2+ is increased
27.Calculate λm° for MgCl2 if λ° values of Mg2+ [2022]
And Cl- are 106 Scm²mol-1 and 76.3 Scm² mol-1 respectively
28. Calculate the degree of dissociation of CH3COOH if λm and [2022]
Λ°m of CH3COOH are 48 S cm2 mol-1and 400 S cm2 mol-1
respectively.
29. Define molar conductivity for the solution of an electrolyte. [2022]
How does it vary with concentration ?
30. The resistance and conductivity of a conductivity cell containing [2022]
0·001 M KCl solution at 298 K are 1200 ohm and 1·5× 10 -4S cm-1. Calculate its cell
constant and molar conductivity.
31. In a plot of λm against the square root of concentration (C1/2). [2022]
for strong and weak electrolyte, the value of limiting molar conductivity of a weak
electrolyte cannot be obtained graphically. Suggest a way to obtain this
value. Also state the related law, if any.
32. Write the Nernst equation and calculate emf of the followig [2022]
Cell at298 K :
Cr|Cr3+ (0·1 M)||Fe2+ (0·01 M)|Fe
Given : E° Cr3+/Cr =-0.75V and E° Fe2+/Fe =0.45V
(Log 10= 1)
33. Assertion (A): Conductivity of an electrolyte increases with. [2020]
decrease in concentration.
Reason (R) : Number of ions per unit volume decreases on dilution.
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason. (R) are correct statements, and Reason (R) is the
correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct statements, but Reason (R) is not
the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is correct, but Reason (R) is wrong statement.
(D) Assertion (A) is wrong, but Reason (R) is correct statement.
34. When a steady current of 2A was passed through two electrolytic [2020]
cells A and B containing electrolytes ZnSO4 and CuSO4 connected in series, 2g of
Cu were deposited at the cathode of cell B. How long did the current flow? What
mass of Zn was deposited at cathode of cell A?
[Atomic mass: Cu = 63.5 g mol–1, Zn = 65 g mol–1; 1F = 96500 C mol–1]
35. steady current of 2 amperes was passed through two electrolytic [2019]
cells X and Y connected in series containing electrolytes FeSO4 and ZnSO4 until 2.8
g of Fe deposited at the cathode of cell X.
How long did the current flow? Calculate the mass of Zn deposited at the cathode of
cell Y.
(Molar mass : Fe = 56 g mol–1, Zn = 65.3 g mol–1, 1 F = 96500 C mol–1)
36.In the plot of molar conductivity (λ m) vs square root of concentration
(c1/2) following curves are Obtained for two electrolytes A and B : [2019]
Answer the following :
(i)Predict the nature of electrolytes A and B.
(ii)What happens on extrapolation of λm to concentration approaching zero for
electrolytes A and B ?
37. E°cell for the given redox reaction is 2.71 V. [2019 ]
Mg(s) + Cu2+ (0.01 M) → Mg2+(0.001 M) + Cu(s)
Calculate Ecell for the reaction. Write the direction of flow of current when an
external opposite potential applied is
(i) less than 2.71 V and
(ii) greater than 2.71 V
38. Write the cell reaction and calculate the e.m.f. of the following [2018]
Cell at 298 K :
Sn (s) | Sn2+ (0·004 M) || H+(0·020 M) | H2(g) (1 bar) | Pt (s)
(Given : E°Sn2+/Sn = -0.14V)

39. 2AgCl (s) + H2(g) (1 atm)  2 Ag(s) + 2 H+ ( 0.1M) + 2 Cl-( 0.1 M) [2018]
∆G°= -43600 j at 25°C
Calculate the emf of the cell.
40. Define fuel cell and write its two advantages. [ 2018]
41. [2017]
42. Calculate the mass of Ag deposited at cathode when a current of [2017]

2 amperes was passed through a solution of AgNO3 for 15 minutes.

(Given : Molar mass of Ag = 108 g mol–1 1F = 96500 C mol–1)
43.Lead storage cell, Mercury cell, Fuel cell and Dry cell [2016]
Answer the following :
i)Which cell is used in hearing aids ?
ii)Which cell was used in Apollo Space Programme ?
iii)Which cell is used in automobiles and inverters ?
IV)Which cell does not have long life ?
44. Calculate e.m.f of the following cell at 298 K : [2016]
2Cr(s) + 3Fe2+(0.1M) → 2Cr3+(0.01M) + 3 Fe(s)
Given : E°(Cr3+ | Cr) = – 0.74 V E° (Fe2+ | Fe) = – 0.44 V
45.Following reactions occur at cathode during the electrolysis . [2015]
of aqueous silver Chloride solution :
Ag+(aq) + e– → Ag(s) E° = +0.80 V
H+(aq) + e– →1/2 H2 (g) E° = 0.00 V
On the basis of their standard reduction electrode potential (E°) values, which
Reaction is feasible at the cathode and why ?
46. Define limiting molar conductivity. Why conductivity of an . [2015]
electrolyte solution decreases with the decrease in concentration ?
47. [2015]

48.Resistance of a conductivity cell filled with 0.1 mol L-1 KCl solution [2014]
is 100 Ohm .If the resistance of the same cell when filled with 0.02 mol L-1 KCl
solution is 520 ohm . calculate the conductivity and molar conductivity of 0.02 mol
L-1 KCl Solution. The conductivity of 0.1 mol L-l KCl solution is 1.29 x 10-2
Ohm-1Cm-1 .
Note: – Complete your Project according to your Roll No.
Roll no – 1,9,17,25,33 Project -1
Roll no -2,10,18,26,34 Project -2
Roll No.- 3,11,19,27,35 Project -3
Roll No.- 4,12,20,28,36 Project -4
Roll No.- 5,13,21,29,37 Project -5
Roll No.- 6,14,22,30,38 Project -6
Roll No.- 7,15,23,31,39 Project -7
Roll No.- 8,16,24,32,40 Project -8