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Control Exp 8

The document outlines Experiment No. 8 from a Control System Lab Manual, focusing on plotting the unit step response of a given transfer function using MATLAB. It defines key performance criteria such as maximum overshoot, delay time, rise time, and settling time, which characterize the transient response of linear control systems. The results section provides specific values for the transfer function 25/(s^2+6s+25), including rise time, settling time, and peak overshoot.

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11 views

Control Exp 8

The document outlines Experiment No. 8 from a Control System Lab Manual, focusing on plotting the unit step response of a given transfer function using MATLAB. It defines key performance criteria such as maximum overshoot, delay time, rise time, and settling time, which characterize the transient response of linear control systems. The results section provides specific values for the transfer function 25/(s^2+6s+25), including rise time, settling time, and peak overshoot.

Uploaded by

singhanisha073
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Control System Lab Manual BEC 652

EXPERIMENT NO. 8

Objective: Plot unit step response of given transfer function and finds delay time, rise time, peak time and
peak overshoot.
Apparatus Used: MATLAB with Control System Toolbox.
Theory: The transient portion of the time response is the part that goes to zero as time becomes large.
Nevertheless, the transient response of a control system is necessarily important, because both the amplitude
and the time duration of the transient response must be kept within tolerable or prescribed limits.

For linear control systems, the characterization of the transient response is often done by use of the unit-step
function us(t) as the input. The response of a control system when the
input is a unit-step function is called the unit-step response. Figure 5.1 illustrates a typical unit-step response
of a linear control system. With reference to the unit-step response, performance criteria commonly used for
the characterization of linear control systems in the time domain are defined as follows:

Figure 5.1: Typical unit-step response of a control system illustrating


the time-domain specifications.

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Control System Lab Manual BEC 652

Maximum overshoot: Let y(t) be the unit-step response. Let ymax denote the maximum value of y(t); yss,
the steady-state value of y(t); and ymax > yss. The maximum overshoot of y(t) is defined as maximum
overshoot = ymax - yss.

The maximum overshoot is often represented as a percentage of the final value of the step response; that is,

Maximum Overshoot
Percentage Maximum Overshoot  100% (5.1)
y
ss

The maximum overshoot is often used to measure the relative stability of a control system.

Delay time: The delay time td is defined as the time required for the step response to reach 50% of its final
value. This is shown in Figure 9.1.

Rise time. The rise time tr is defined as the time required for the step response to rise from 10 to 90% of its
final value, as shown in Figure 9.1.

Settling time: The settling time ts is defined as the time required for the step response to decrease and stay
within a specified percentage of its final value. A frequently used figure is 5%. The four quantities just
defined give a direct measure of the transient characteristics of a control system in terms of the unit-step
response. These time-domain specifications are relatively easy to measure when the step response is well
defined, as shown in Figure 9.1. Analytically, these quantities are difficult to establish, except for simple
systems lower than the third order.

Program:

% Plot unit step response of given transfer function and find peak overshoot, peak time, rise time
and delay time using MATLAB.

% Transfer Function = 25/(s^2+6s+25)

clear all clc


syms s t
n=[25]
d=[1 6 25]
sys = tf(n,d)
R=roots(d)
S = stepinfo(sys,'RiseTimeLimits',[0.00,1.00]) ltiview(sys

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Control System Lab Manual BEC 652

Results:
n =25
d =1 6 25

Transfer function: 25
s^2 + 6 s + 25

R = -3.0000 + 4.0000i
-3.0000 - 4.0000i
S= Rise Time: 0.5538
Settling Time: 1.1886
Settling Min: 0.9910
Settling Max: 1.0948
Overshoot: 9.4778
Undershoot: 0
Peak: 1.0948
Peak Time: 0.7869

Figure 5.2: Step Response for the given transfer function

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Control System Lab Manual BEC 652

Precautions:

1. Program must be written carefully to avoid errors.


2. Programs can never be saved as standard function name.
3. Functions in MATLAB case sensitive so commands must be written in proper format.

Page | 25

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