Computer- 6th

Chapter- 1 : Computer Language

A. 1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (d)
B. 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T
6. T 7. T
C. 1. First 2. Assemblers 3. On, off 4. Found, removed
5. 5GL 6. Cobol
D. 1. A set of instructions which tells the computer what to do is called a
programming language.
2. Disadvantages of low level languages
• Programs developed using low level language are machine
dependent and are not portable.
• It is difficult to develop, debug and maintain.
3. • HLL languages are simple and user-friendly as they use simple
English words and mathematical operators.
• The errors can be found and removed with less effort.
4. Fortran formerly FORTRAN, derived from Formula Translation) is a
general-purpose, compiled imperative programming language that
is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific application.
5. Characteristics of fourth-generation language:
take from pg 9 (features of 4gl) take only two feature and one
example
6. The first major program written in C was the UNIX operating system.
E. 1. A low-level language is a programming language that provides
little or no abstraction of programming concepts and is very close
to writing actual machine instructions. Two examples of low-level
languages are assembly and machine code.
Benefits of low level language:
Programs developed using low level languages are fast and memory
efficient. Programmers can utilize processor and memory in better
way using a low level language. There is no need of any compiler
or interpreters to translate the source to machine code.
2. (a) Differences between Machine language and Assembly language
are as follows:
(i) Learning and using assembly language is easy as compared to
machine language.
(ii) In Assembly language task of converting assembly language
program into machine language is done by translator programs
which are known as assemblers. There is no need of a translator
for Machine language.
(b) Differences between Interpreter and Compiler are as follows:
(i) An interpreter translates line by line, executes the instruction and
then repeats the procedure for remaining instructions whereas

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 Compiler is a program that translates an entire program at time
and makes an executable file.
(ii) The execution speed of a Compiler is faster as compared to an
interpreter.
3. Most contemporary programming is carried out using high-level
languages. High-level languages have the following characteristics:
(i) Require translation (ii) Portable
(iii) Easier to read, write and maintain as commands are similar to
English (iv) Allow access to module libraries
(v) Use data types and data structures, selection statements and
repetition/iteration constructs
Use logic operators and functions that are built into the language
4. A high-level language (HLL) is a programming language such as
C, FORTRAN, or Pascal that enables a programmer to write programs
that are more or less independent of a particular type of computer.
5. (i) Due to their reduced complexity, a fourth-generation language
only requires about ten percent of the statements that a third-
generation language requires to accomplish a similar task.
(ii) When 3GL statements are generated, a large volume of assembly
language and machine language instructions are generated as
compared to 4GL.
(iii) HLL languages are simple and user-friendly as they use simple
English words and mathematical operators. While fourth
generation languages are highly user-friendly.
(iv) Most data-oriented fourth-generation languages are SQL
(Structured Query Language) based. Java, C and C++ are
common examples of third-generation languages.

Chapter- 2 : Computer Software

A. 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (c)
B. 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T
C. 1. System 2. Virus 3. Boots 4. Mac OS 5. DOS
6. Single user
D. 1. (iii) 2. (v) 3. (i) 4. (ii) 5. (iv)
E. 1. Software is a set of instruction (commands) that tells a computer
how to do a particular function. Software is an interface between
the computer hardware and the user.
2. (i) System software is used for operating computer hardware. On
other hand Application software is used by user to perform
specific task. System software is installed on the computer when
operating system is installed.
(ii) The main difference between GUI and CLI is that the Graphical
User Interface (GUI) allows the user to interact with the system
using graphical elements such as windows, icons, menus while
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 the Command Line Interface (CLI) allows the user to interact
with the system using commands.
(iii) General purpose applications and custom software are the two major
types of application software. General purpose applications,
which are sometimes referred to as ‹off the shelf› aplications
are designed as feature-full packages while custom software is
tailor-made for a client’s specific needs.
3. The operating system is the main software used in a computer
which runs the computer system. Every computer must have an
operating system to work and run other programs.
Take from page 15 various functions of operating system:
4. System Utilities are small programs that help in the maintenance
and upkeep of your computer system. Disk Defragmenter, Disk
cleanup, Data compression, System restore, Anti-Virus software are
some examples of system utility software.
5. Defragmentation is the process of consolidating fragmented files
on the user’s hard drive. Files become fragmented when data is
written to disk and there is not enough contiguous space to hold
the complete file. Storage algorithms break the data apart so that
it will fit into the available space.
Disk Defragmenter Utility is know as Optimization in Windows 10. It
is termed as Microsoft Drive Optimizer.

Chapter- 3 : Windows 10 — Features and Utilies

A. 1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (c)
B. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. F
C. 1. Window Media player 2. Copying 3. Utilities 4. Updates
5. Internet explorer
D. 1. Disk cleanup feature to remove unnecessary files from your hard
disk to free up the disk space.
2. Window + Ctrl + D
3. Window Media Player is a full featured media player from Microsoft
which is used for playing and organizing audio and video files.
4. To “burn” a CD simply means to copy or write information onto
a compact disc, or CD.
5. Numbers, mathematical notation, symbols and characters from all
languages are assigned a code point, for example, U+0041 is an
English letter “A”. This Unique number is called a Unicode.
6. Align selected text or line to the center.
E. 1. To create a new desktop, follow the given steps:
Step 1 : On the taskbar, click on the Task View button.
The Task View Pane opens and displays the preview of all the open
windows.
Step 2 : At the bottom right corner of the Task View Pane, click on
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 the New desktop button.
A new desktop thumbnail named ‘Desktop 2’ gets displayed.
Step 3 : Click on the thumbnail to view the newly created desktop.
It is a replica of Desktop 1 but doesn’t display the applications
opened in Desktop 1.
You can open the apps that you want to use on this desktop. You
can group the desktop windows by opening similar kind of apps in
one desktop.
Step 4 : Click on the Task View button again to switch between
desktops.
You can also move an app from one desktop to another.
2. Windows Hello is a new exciting feature that allows you to sign
into your Windows10 device with either a quick look, or a swipe of
a finger. Your device, if equipped with a camera or biometrics, can
recognise your face iris or fingerprints at login. Biometric logins are
secure, fast and easy to create.
3. Follow the steps given below to rip a CD:
Step 1 : Press the Start button.
Step 2 : Click on the All apps, and select Windows Media Player
from the list.
Step 3 : Insert an audio CD in the CD drive.
Step 4 : Select the songs that you what to rip.
Step 5 : Click on the Rip CD button, once you are done with the
selection of songs.
Step 6 : The songs are ripped to the music folder contained in This
PC folder.
Step 7 : You can now play the ripped songs from the music folder.
4. There are several ways to open Notepad and create a new text
document.
Way 1 : Open Notepad via Run
Step 1 : Press Win+R to open Run box.
Step 2 : Input notepad and OK.
Way 2 : Open Notepad from Start Menu
Step 1 : Go to the Start Menu and click All apps, you can find it
under Window Accessories folder.
Step 2 : Select the Notepad option to open it.
5. Integrated Search Feature: This feature of Windows 10 allows you
to search all local locations as well as the web simultaneously.
Microsoft Edge debuted with Windows 10 and replaces Internet
Explorer as the default web browser. Edge includes tools such as
Web Notes, and Reading View. Edge browser comes with the in-
built reading mode and annotations capability. It keeps the record of
the usual visit and mark them to favorites. The browser integrates
directly with Cortana, Microsoft’s digital assistant, which is also

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 embedded within Windows 10.
Cortana is the most enhanced and powerful search tool. It integrates
directly with the Bing search engine and supports both text and
voice input. It tracks and analyses location services, sends emails
and text messages, plays music and games, sets alarms, takes
notes, creates and manages lists, and browses the web to respond
to your query.

Chapter- 4 : Working with Control Panel

A. 1. (a) 2. (c) 3. ( b) 4. (b)
B. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. T
C. 1. Control panel 2. Three 3. Button 4. Segoe UI
5. Sleep mode
D. 1. The control panel is a component of Microsoft Window that provides
the ability to view and change system setting.
2. A power scheme is a collection of settings that controls the power
usage of your computer. You can use power schemes to reduce the
power consumption of individual devices or the entire system.
3. Sleep mode puts your work and settings in memory and draws a
small amount of power. While, hibernation mode puts your open
documents and programs on your hard disk, and then turns off your
computer.
E. 1. Click on the Start > All apps > Windows System and Select Control
Panel from the displayed sub-list.
2. To change Date and Time in Windows 10, do the following:
Step - 1 : Open Control Panel.
Step - 2 : Go to Control Panel/Clock, Language, and Region.
Step - 3 : There, click on the icon Date and Time.
Step - 4 : Click on the button Change date and time.
Step - 5 : Now to change date, select the current day in the displayed
calendar. The month can be changed by using the forward/backward
arrow button present on the calendar.
Step - 6 : To change the time, select the hour in the text box
located below the clock.
Step - 7 Click on the spin arrows to increase or decrease the hours
as desired. In the same way, you can change the minutes and
seconds. Press OK button.
3. Double-click is a term used to describe the process of quickly
pressing a mouse button twice while keeping it still. In most
cases, a double-click is with the left mouse button and is used
to open or execute a file, folder, or software program. Click
Lock enables a user to lock down the primary mouse button after
a single click. This allows you to highlight or drag without holding
down the primary mouse button.
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 4. To add new font(s) to the font list:
Step - 1 : Open This PC folder by double-clicking its icon on the
desktop.
Step - 2 : In the selected drive, open the folder that contains the
new fonts.
Step - 3 : Choose the font that you wish to add. Now drag it to the
Fonts window.
5. Follow the steps given below to use sleep mode:
Step - 1 : Click the Start menu button.
Step - 2 : Click the Circle icon in the lower left of the Start menu.
Step - 3 : Choose the Sleep command from the Shut down menu.

Chapter- 5 : Working with Tables in MS Word 2016

A. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F 6. T
B. 1. Table 2. Cell 3. Autofit 4. Alt + 5 6. Splitting
C. 1. Insert tab 2. Shift + tab 3. Design tab
4. Layout tab 5. F9
D. 1. A table is a collection of rectangular boxes, which are arranged
in rows and columns. It can be used to both store and display
data in a structured format. For example, databases store data in
tables so that information can be quickly accessed from specific
rows. Websites often use tables to display multiple rows of data on
page. Spreadsheets combine both purposes of a table by storing
and displaying data in a structured format.
2. Table move handle is used to move and change the position of the
table. While, table resize handle is used for resizing the table.
3. Splitting a cell means dividing the selected cell into separate cells.
While, merging a cell means combine or merge two or more cells
into one.
4. We will move the table around with the help of table move handle.
E. 1. A table is a collection of rectangular boxes, which are arranged in
rows and columns. Each rectangular box is called a cell. When a
number of cells are placed together horizontally, it is called a row.
When a number of cells are placed one after the other vertically, it
is called a column.
TABLE GRID METHOD
Step 1 : To insert a new table, place the cursor where you want the
table to appear.
Step 2 : On the Insert tab in the Table group, click on the Table
button.
This will open a drop-down menu that contains a grid.
Step 3 : Drag the mouse pointer over the grid to select the number
of rows and columns you want in the table.

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 2. You can resize a table by using in-built autofit option. It option
offers flexibility to automatically resize the column width, based on
different criteria. You can set the table width based on the window
size or covert it back to use fixed column width.
To use this option follow these steps:
(i) Click on the layout tab.
(ii) In the cell size group, click on the drop-down arrow of Autofit
option.
3. Normally, we draw a table and type the text in it. However, a
wonderful feature of Word 2016 allows us to convert text to a table.
Here are the steps to be followed:
Step 1 : Enter the text as shown in the figure below.
Step 2 : Select the text.
Step 3 : Click on the Insert tab and select the Table button.
Step 4 : Click on the option Convert Text to Table.
Step 5 : Define the columns and rows under the Number of columns
and Number of rows respectively.
Step 6 : Click OK.
4. Word 2016 allows you to perform calculations on the numeric data
entered in a table.
To do so, follow these steps:
Step 1 : Enter the data in a table.
Step 2 : Select the Layout tab.
Step 3 : Click in the cell where the result is to be displayed.
Step 4 : Now, select the Formula button in the Data group.
The Formula dialog box will appear. You will see that the SUM
formula is already displayed in the dialog box.
Step 5 : Click OK.

Chapter- 6 : Adding Special Effects in a Presentation

A. 1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (b)
B. 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. F 6. T
C. 1. Slide sorter view 2. Media 3. Ctrl + D 4. Can view
5. Text, object
D. 1. Animation is the movement of objects such as text, graphics, logos,
charts, images, etc. on the screen or a slide.
2. Animation is very important because it makes us able to tell stories
and communicate emotions and ideas in a unique, east to perceive
way that both small children and adults can understand. It makes
the presentation more interesting and entertaining and also conveys
a lot of information in a short span of time. It gives visual effects to
your presentation.
3. Follow these steps to remove a transition effect form a slide:
Step - 1 Select the slide with the transition you want to remove.
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 Step - 2 Choose none from the Transition to This Slide group. The
transition will be removed.
4. If you want to delete a video, just select it and then press either the
Backspace or Delete key. The video will be deleted.
E. 1. You can add an animation effect to text or objects by following the
below given steps:
Step - 1 Select the text or object you want to animate.
Step - 2 Click on the Animations tab in the navigation ribbon.
Step - 3 Click Add Animation button present in the Advance
Animation group.
A drop-down menu will appear with animation effects.
Step - 4 Select an animation effect from the list. The effect will
apply to the object.
2. To Apply Slide Transition Effects, Follow these given below steps:
(i) Select the slide to which you want to apply the effect.
(ii) Select the Animation tab.
(iii) In Transition to This Slide group you will see the transition
effects.
(iv) Click the drop-down arrow to see menu of transition effects.
3. In Normal view, click the slide that you want to add a sound to.
On the Insert tab, in the Media group, click the arrow under
Audio. In the list, click Audio from file or Clip Art audio, locate and
select the audio clip that you want, and then click Insert. The audio
icon and controls appear on the slide.
4. To insert a video clip, follow these steps:
Step 1 : Select the Insert tab.
Step 2 : In the Media Group, clip on the Video drop-down arrow.
Step 3 : From the drop-down menu, select the Video on My PC
option.
Step 4 : Now, select the video file you want to insert, and then click
on the Insert option.
Step 5 : Click on the Play button present either below the video clip
or at the extreme left of the ribbon. The video will start playing.

Chapter- 7 : More about Microsoft Excel 2016

A. 1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (c)
B. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T
C. 1. Active 2. formula 3. autofill 4. F4
5. Quick access toolbar 6. F2
D. 1. 8.43 2. 12.75 3. Cells group 4. Clipboard group 5. Ctrl + Z
E. 1. Select the entire row or column and then hold down the shift key
while you select the last row or column.
2. Auto fill is a very useful feature. It allows you to enter data quickly
in a worksheet thus, saving your time.
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 3. Step 1 : Select the range of cells where you want to insert the cells.
Step 2 : Select the Insert button in the Cells group on the Home tab
and click on the Insert Cells options from the drop-down list.
The Insert dialog box appears with the four different options.
Step 3 : Select the desired option and click OK.
4. Pending
5. Method: 1
(i) Choose the cell or a range of cells you want to copy.
(ii) In the clipboard group, click on the copy button.
(iii) Now, choose the destination cell, click on the paste button
located in the clipboard group.
The Text gets copied to the new location.
Method: 2
(i) Select the cells you want to copy.
(ii) Press short cut key Ctrl + C.
(iii) Now, choose the destination cell, click on the Ctrl + V.
The Text gets copied to the new location.
6. The Flash fill feature analyses the information that you are entering
and automatically fills data when it identifies a pattern. Let us
understand with an example:
Using Flash Fill feature
Step 1 : Make two columns, NAMES and FIRST NAME, in the Excel
sheet.
Step 2 : Fill the data in Names column as shown in the figure given
below. The First Names column should have data that is the First
name, e.g., Jitendra for Jitendra Sharma.
Step 3 : Type Jitendra in the First Names column.
Step 4 : Now, press Enter key.
Step 5 : Click on the Fill drop-down arrow present on the Home tab
in the Editing group and select the Flash Fill option.
7. Just press and hold down the Ctrl key, and you can select multiple
non-adjacent cells or ranges with mouse clicking or dragging in
active worksheet.
8. You can delete the contents of the cell by following any of the given
ways:
Way 1
Step 1 : Select the cell.
Step 2 : Click on the Clear button in the Editing group on the Home
tab.
Step 3 : Choose Clear Contents option.

Chapter- 8 : Algorithms and Flowchart

A. 1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (c)
B. 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T
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C. 1. Algorithm 2. Flowchart 3. Symbols
4. Parallelogram 5. Frank Gilbreth
D. 1. The characteristics of an algorithm are:
• Input : Receive user input/inputs.
• Output : Each algorithm is expected to produce at least one result.
• Definiteness : Each instruction must be clear and unambiguous.
Also, based on input, the result of each step must be uniquely
defined.
• Finiteness : If the instructions of an algorithm are executed, the
algorithm should terminate after finite number of steps.
2. Control structures in algorithm (in a computer program, -------------
------------------------ for loops)
3.
Algorithm Flowchart
 lgorithm is step by step
A  lowchart is a diagram created
F
procedure to solve the by different shapes to show the
problem. flow of data.
lgorithm is complex to
A Flowchart is easy to understand.
understand.
 In algorithm plain text are I n flowchart, symbols/shapes
used. are used.
 lgorithm is
A difficult to Flowchart is simple to construct.
construct.
lgorithm does not follow
A lowchart follows rules to be
F
any rules. constructed.
lgorithm is the pseudo
A  lowchart is just graphical
F
code for the program. representation of that logic.

4. Advantages of a Flowchart
• It simplifies the logic and subsequent steps by providing the
pictorial representation of the steps.
• Having easily understandable pictorial logic and steps, it makes
communication better.
• It is easy and efficient to analyse problem using flowchart.
• It also helps in coding process efficiently, as it gives directions
on what to do, when to do and where to do. It makes the work
easier.
• It is easy to convert the flowchart into any programming
language code.
5. Take table from page 89 (Table of Flowchart Symbols)
6. Avoid the intersection of flow lines to make the more effective and
better presentation.

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 Chapter- 9 : Getting Started with Ms Small Basic
A. 1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (b)
B. 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. F
C. 1. WriteLine() 2. Title bar 3.Ctrl + Z
4. String 5. Expression
D. 1. 14 2. Ctrl + Z 3. Integrated Development Environment
4. F5 5. Microsoft, Vijaye Raji 6. Math.round(number)
7. Ampersand symbol
1. Small Basic, a free text-based programming language, was developed
in October, 2008 by Vijaye Raji, a Microsoft engineer. It is an IDE
(Integrated Development Environment) designed to type, edit,
debug, and execute small programs. It is the only programming
language that helps students transition from block-based coding
to text-based coding. It provides a graphical user-interface. Small
Basic gives students the skills and confidence to tackle more
complex programming languages such as C, C++, and Java.
2. The various distinct components of the Small Basic programming
screen window are mentioned below:
Title Bar : The Title Bar shows the current opened program on
which you are working.
Tool Bar : This bar contains various commands such as New, Open,
Save, Clipboard, etc., that help you in running Small Basic programs.
Editor Window : This is the place where Small Basic programs are
written. All programs open in this editor. The unique feature of
the Small Basic editor window is its colourful code format. The
statements, comments, etc., that you write on the editor are
displayed with different colours. The colouring help in identifying
any mistakes made during typing.
Help Area : This area helps the user with tips and hints while writing
the program code in the window.
Surface : It is an open area where you can move and organise your
Editor Windows for each Small Basic Program. The various distinct
components of the Small Basic programming screen window are
mentioned below:
3. i) The keywords used in coding must be spelled correctly. For
example, if you type writelline instead of writeline, an error will
occur.
ii) Keywords and variables are not case sensitive, that is, Read or
Read both are considered to be the same.
iii) Small Basic ignores any whitespace such as blanks. Using
whitespace makes the code easier to read.
iv) Variables are never declared and any value can be assigned to
a variable.
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 v) Use apostrophe ( ’ ) prefix for comments.
4. (i) A variable is a named location in the computer memory which
temporarily stores data that can change while the program is
running. While, a constant is a character or a group of characters
that represents a fixed value throughout the program.
(ii) take from 106 write() or writeline()
5. A variable is a named location in the computer memory which
temporarily stores data that can change while the program
is running. It continues to hold the value until another value is
assigned to it.
Every variable has three properties.
1. Name of the Variable: The name of the variable is defined by the
programmer. Once the programmer has created a variable, it can
be used to store a data value. The name refers to the value stored
in it.
2. Location of the Variable: When a programmer defines (or creates)
a variable, a memory location is reserved for it. The variable-name
is associated with this memory location.
6.
Operator Symbol Example Result
5=5 1 or True
Equality =  rue, if the value stored in
T
B=2
B is 2, otherwise False
7 < 12 1 or True
rue, if value stored in
T
Less than < variable Age is less than
Age < 30
30 and False, if the value
is either 30 or more
rue, if value stored in
T
variable C is less than 2 or
C<=2
Less than or equal to 2 and False, if the
<=
equal to value is more than 2
3<=3 1 or True

20 > 8 1 or True
 rue, if the value stored in
T
Greater than > variable X is more than the
X>Y
value stored in variable Y,
otherwise False
7. (i)

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 Operations Description Example
Math.Pi (This It gives the value Math.Pi =
property is Read-only) of Pi. 31.415935464
It gives the absolute Math.Abs
Math.Abs (number) value of the given (–16.46) will
number. give –16.46
It gives an integer
that is greater than Math.Ceiling
Math.Ceiling
or equal to the (16.46) will
(number)
specified decimal give 17
number.
It gives an integer
Math.Floor
that is less than or
Math.Floor (number) (16.46) will
equal to the specified
give 16
decimal number.

8. (i) O  perators are special symbols which generate a new value from
one or more given values. You have already worked with a few
operators. For example, ‘+’ (the plus symbol) is an operator.
The three types of operators in Small Basic are: Arithmetic
Operators, Relational operators and Logical operators
(ii) Alphanumeric or String Constant: A String is defined as a set
of characters. An alphanumeric or string constant consists of a
string of characters, A-Z, a-z, 0-9, and certain special symbols,
such as % ? # ^ & * ( ) ; : ”’ / \ , etc., enclosed in double quotes.
String constants are used to represent nonnumeric quantities,
such as names, phone numbers, addresses, etc.

Chapter- 10 : Introduction to Flash CS6

A. 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (a)
B. 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T
C. 1. Timeline 2. Menu bar 3. Macromedia 4. View section
5. Frames
D. 1. Animation is a visual technique that creates an illusion of motion
by showing a series of still images in a quick succession.
2. The tools panel is divided into four parts: tool, view, colors and
option.
3. A grid is made up of horizontal and vertical lines and the stage
area which is often helpful when drawing objects on the stage. By
default, these grid lines are not visible. To display the grid, click on
View > Grid > Show Grid options.
4. To start Flash, the steps are as follows:

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 Step 1 : Click on the Start > All apps > Adobe Master Collection CS6
> Adobe Flash Professional CS6.
Step 2 : Under Create New section, select Action Script 3.0.
5. (i) Flash provides interactive graphics and animation for the web.
(ii) It is a powerful drawing tool and a movie editor.
(iii) It is easy to use with drag and drag user interface components.
6. text, images, symbols or shape
E. 1. Adobe Flash Professional CS6 is one of the most popular versions of
Flash that allows users to integrate images, audio, video, text, and
graphics to create animation. Using Flash you can create cartoons,
games, movies, websites, and much more.
There are various components in Flash workspace.
(i)  Menu bar: The menu bar contains control for common functions
and commands, such as operating editing, etc.
(ii) Stage: Thus is the main working area for your drawing, contents
and commands.
(iii) Tools panel: This tools panel consists of various tools which
enable you to draw, paint, colour, text elements, select and edit
objects, etc in the workspace.
(iv) Timeline: Timeline is the area where graphics and elements are
gathered in a sequence so that the user can view the order of
events in a sequence.
(v) Frames: every image is called a frame.
(vi) Properties panel: The properties panel displays various
properties of the selected object (text, image, symbol, object).
2. The Properties panel displays various properties of the selected
object (text, symbol, image, or shape). It is a combination of
various elements used for changing the settings, such as Stage
size, background colour of the Stage, ruler unit, and frame rate. It
is also called as Property inspector.
3. Changing the Dimensions of the Stage
This option allows you to change the size (in pixels) of the stage.
To do this, follow the steps given below:
Step 1 : Click on Modify menu and then click on Document option
from the menu bar.
Step 2 : Change the dimensions as per your requirement. By default,
Flash CS6 uses stage size of 550 pixels width by 400 pixels height.
Step 3 : Click OK.
4. You can create a new document for a task by following the steps
given below:
Step 1 : Click on the New option from File menu (File > New).
Step 2 : Select the Action Script 3.0 option in the Type section.
Step 3 : Click on OK button.

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 Chapter- 11 : Internet Tools and Services
A. 1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (b)
B. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. F
C. 1. Tweets 2. Micro blogging 3. E-banking 4. Hypertext
5. Doug brown, David woolley
D. 1. Internet banking 2. Twitter 3. Chrome 4. Skype
5. Whatsapp 6. Netflix 7. Twitch 8. 280
E. 1. The World Wide Web (WWW) or simple ‘web’ is a means of accessing
and sharing information over the Internet. It consists of millions of
web pages stored on very powerful networked computers called
web servers. The web pages are linked together through hyperlinks
and contain information on almost every topic in the world in the
form of text, video, images, sound, animation, and so on.
Each web page on the WWW has a unique address that is called its
Uniform Resource Locator (URL). We can access web pages from
the WWW and view them on our computer with the help of a web
browser. Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, and Mozilla Firefox are
three most popular web browsers being used these days.
2. Benefits of using e-mail are:
(i) It is a digital message between where pen or paper are not
required.
(ii) The cost f communication is negligible.
3. Chat room is a designated area or forum on the World Wide Web
that allows friends, relatives or people with the common interest to
communicate with each other through instant messaging.
4. The requirements for video conferencing are a personal computer
with a sound and video card, a web camera, speakers and a
microphone.
5. Instant Messaging is a type of online chat that offers real-time text
transmission over the Internet. The messages are sent from sender
to receiver instantly. Though Instant Messaging is quite similar to
Online chat, but they have one difference. In Instant Messaging,
the communication takes place between known users, and includes
only those people whom the user has invited, whereas, Online
chat could happen between unknown users also. Some popular IM
services in use these day are WhatsApp, Google Hangouts, Skype
IM, AOL Messenger, ez Talks, Viber, WeChat, etc.
F. 1. Email: (i) e-mail is a method of exchanging digital messages
between two or more computers over the Internet.
(ii) E-mail does not require accounts on the same provider.
(iii) E-mail is a protocol.
(iv)Chat is not able to convey voice and audio.
Chatting: (i) A chat is text based communication between one or
more users in which messages are exchanged back and forth in real
15
 time through a chat software.
(ii) Chat requires account on the same provider.
(iii) Chat is a type of software.
(iv) Chat is able to convey voice and audio.
2. (i) A Social Networking Site is an outline platform that allows
users to create a public profile and interact with other users on the
website. SNS allows individuals to connect with each other, keep in
touch with old friends and gives society the ability to explore their
interests and hobbies. This is a web based service where every user
has to create his identity profile. A user can also invite other people
on the website to connect with him. Some highly popular social
networking sites are Facebook, hi5, Twitter, Linkdin, and Snapchat.
(ii) Not just messages, Internet lets you make free voice calls
and video calls to anyone across the world. They are very cost
effective. Some software even allows you to send free messages
and videos along with free Internet calls. The only condition is
that the particular software or application should be installed in
the devices at both the ends. After the software is installed on a
mobile or computer system, an account needs to be created on it.
Examples of such software or applications are: WhatsApp, Skype,
Viber, Google Hangouts, etc.
3. YouTube is a free video-sharing website that allows people to
upload, view, and share videos. It was created by three former
employees of PayPal–Chad Hurley, Steve Chen and Jawed Karim, in
February 2005. YouTube lets the users to watch online videos, create
a personal YouTube channel and upload videos to their channel.
One can find all kinds of user generated videos on YouTube, such
as tutorials, cooking lessons, exercise tips, music, videos, various
shows, and much more. Videos can be rated with a like or dislike.
You can also comment on videos. On YouTube, you can subscribe
to the channels you like. Currently, Google owns and operates
YouTube.
4. The US Department of Defence started a network with four
computers in 1969 which was called as ARPANET. ARPANET stands
for Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. The aim of
ARPANET was to connect the computers of Defence Department
to various US universities. Many engineers, scientists, and research
scholars could interchange the information among each other
with the help of it. In 1985, National Science Foundation started
another network NSFnet to support and promote the advanced
research related to education and engineering. NSFnet was also
the name given to several nationwide backbone networks that were
constructed to support NSF’s networking initiatives from 1985 to
1995. Later, it took the shape of a large network which was referred

16
 as Internet.
5. Google Maps is a free web mapping service and technology developed
by Google. It offers street maps, a route planner, satellite view, user
submitted photos, 360° panorama and street view, there by making
it an interactive way to learn about different places all over the
world. Google Maps can generate driving directions between any
pair of locations and can also show turn-by-turn instructions, an
estimate of the trip time and the distance between two locations. It
also offers real-time traffic conditions. It is accessible through your
web browser or as an app for mobile devices.

Computer- 7th
Chapter- 1 : Computer Hardware
A. 1. (iv) 2. (iii) 3. (i) 4. (i)
B. 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F
C. 1. Barcode Scanner 2. MICR 3. Dot Matrix
4.Card Reader 5. RAM
D. 1. Peripheral devices connect with a computer through several I/O
(Input-Output) interfaces, such as communications (COM),
Universal Serial Bus (USB), serial ports etc.
2. CPU or Central Processing Unit is called the brain of the computer
because it carries out instructions given by computer programs and
controls all the tasks that a computer has to perform. All the major
calculations and comparisons are performed inside the CPU.
3. Sound Card is an expansion card. It helps produced sound on a
computer that can be heard through speakers or headphones.
4. There are three types of Mouse:
(i) Trackball Mouse (ii) Optical Mouse (iii) Wireless Optical Mouse
E. 1. Computer hardware refers to the physical devices that make up a
computer. Examples include the keyboard, monitor, and disk drive.
Hardware devices can be classified into two categories:
(i) Internal Hardware: Internal hardware includes the hardware
components that are found inside the computer case. RAM,
ROM, Disk Drives, Motherboard, CPU, etc. are some of the
examples of the internal hardware.
(ii) External Hardware: These hardware components are attached
to the computer externally. These are also called computer
peripherals. They are divided into three categories:
1. Input Devices 2. Output Devices 3. Storage Devices
2. A motherboard is one of the most essential parts of a computer
system. It is a main circuit board of the computer.
These are its functions:
(i) It holds together many important components of a computer

17
 such as CPU, memory, hard drives, video and sound cards and
other expansion cards.
(ii)  All the activities related to the connected devices start and
end up in the motherboard. It is thus, called the ‘mother’ of
components.
(iii) The base of a motherboard consists of a very firm plastic sheet.
Thin layers of copper and aluminum foil, called traces, are
printed onto this sheet. These traces form the circuits between
its various components.
3. (i) Serial port: This is the most commonly used port for connections
to terminals, mouse and modems. It is a serial communication
interface through which information transfers in or out just one
bit at a time.
 Parallel port: This port acts as a connector for a device that
sends or receives several bits of data simultaneously by using
more than one wire. This is most commonly used for printers.
(ii) Impact printer: There is mechanical contact between the
printer head and paper in these printers. They are also knows
as character printers. For example, Dot-matrix printer, Daisy
Wheel printer, Dum printer, etc.
 Non-impact Printer: These printers do not allow mechanical
contact between the printing head and paper. For example,
Inkjet printer, Laser printer, etc.
4. Magnetic ink is special ink that contains magnetic particles of iron
oxide. A magnetic ink character reader can scan characters printed
in magnetic ink. This technique is called magnetic ink character
recognition (MICR). MICR is used extensively in banks because
magnetic ink characters are difficult to forge. This makes them ideal
for making and indentifying cheques.
Cheques usually have the cheque number, IFSC code, bank code
and branch code printed in magnetic ink. This information is
scanned by magnetic ink character readers and the cheques are
stored city-wise or branch-wise. Unlike barcodes, MICR characters
are read easily by humans. The MICR E-13B font has been adopted
as the international standard.
5. Devices in which a computer stores data, instructions and information
are called storage devices.
There are two storage devices are:
(i)  CD: It stands for Compact Disc-Read Only Memory. It is a type
of optical disk that can store large amount of data, information,
software, etc. You cannot change the pre-recorded information
stored on the disk, and thus, it is read-only memory. It is made
up of polycarbonate plastic and a thin layer of pure aluminum is
applied to make the surface reflective. It has storage capacity of

18
 about 650 MB to 900 MB. The data stored in it is accessed using
a CD drive.
(ii) DVD: DVD means Digital Video/Versatile Disc. It was formed
primarily to store movies. It is similar to CD-ROM in principle but
is different in terms of recording data. It has sufficient space to
store more than one movie. It can store superior quality audio,
video and other types of digital information. A DVD can hold 4.7
GB to 17 GB of data.

Chapter- 2 : Number System

A. 1. (i) 2. (ii) 3. (iii) 4. (i) 5. (iii)
B. 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T
C. 1. 2 2. Octal 3. 10 4. 16 5. Bits
D. 1. The number system is simply a system to represent or express numbers.
There are various types of number systems and the most commonly
used ones are decimal number system, binary number system,
octal number system, and hexadecimal number system.
2. To convert a binary number into decimal number, the rules to follow
are:
i) Multiply each binary number with its positional value, which is in
terms of power of 2, starting from the extreme right digit.
ii) Increase the power one by one, keeping the base fixed as 2.
iii) Add all these products to get the equivalent decimal number.
3. Base of any number system is the number of unique digits, including
the digit zero, used to represent numbers in a positional numeral
system. For example, for the decimal system (the most common
system in use today) the radix is ten, because it uses the ten digits
from 0 through 9.
4. Rules for performing binary subtraction are as follows:
X Y X-Y Difference (Z)
0 0 0-0 0
1 0 1-0 1
1 1 1-1 0
0 1 0-1 1
5. I n many special purpose computers, such as IBM 7090, PDP 7, PDP
8, etc., Octal numbers are used for easy and direct input output
operations. The Octal number system consists of 8 digits: 0 to 7
with the base 8. The procedure of ‘Octal to decimal’ conversion is
similar to ‘binary to decimal’ conversion; the only difference is the
change of base.
6. The four rules of binary addition are:
• 0 + 0 = 0.
19
 • 0 + 1 = 1.
• 1 + 0 = 1.
• 1 + 1 =10.
In computation of 1+1, the output will be 10, where 0 is written
under the same column and carry over 1 is shied to the next place
as it happens in decimal number addition.

Chapter- 3 : Formulae and Functions in Excel 2016

A. 1. (iv) 2. (i) 3. (iii) 4. (ii) 5. (ii)
B. 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. F
C. 1. Realtive 2. Instruction 3. Parentheses
4. Ctrl+C 5. Formulas tab 6. Math & Trig
D. 1. PENDING 2. Average function 3. MAX function
4. COUNT function
E. 1. Functions are predefined formulas, that perform calculations using
the values supplied in their arguments. SUM, AVERAGE, MAX are
three examples of functions.
2. A range is a collection of two or more cells.
3. (i) Click on the cell E5 and type the formula =SUM(E5:E11).
(ii) Press the Enter Key.
4. While working on an Excel worksheet if a formula is entered
incorrectly, errors are displayed in the working cell or the Formula
bar instead of the result.
These are two examples of error type in excel:
(i) #value!= Function used incorrectly, contains an invalid argument
or misspelled.
(ii) #REF!= Invalid cell reference
5. The basic elements of a formula in Excel are:
(i) Cell references are used to indicate the cells that are to be used
in formula such as B6, H12, 19, etc. They also indicate ranges
such as E2:E5.
(ii) Arithmetic operators show what type of calculation is to be
performed. Some operators are +, -, *, /, etc.
(iii) Functions are predefined formulas that perform calculations
using the values supplied in their arguments.
(iv)Constants number or text values that you enter directly in a
formula, such as =CONCATENATE (1, “Two”).
F. 1. Relative reference is the default reference in Excel 2016. In this
reference, when you copy a formula to another cell/s, then the
cell references are changed automatically based on their relative
positions, e.g. if you copy the formula =A1+B1+C1+D1 from row 1
to row 2, the formula will become =A2+B2+C2+D2.
2. Absolute reference is used when we do not want to change the
address of the cell while copying the formula to another cell. When
20
 a cell reference remains fixed, it is known as absolute cell reference.
It consists of the column letter and row number of a cell, each
preceded by a ‘$’ sign.
For example, formula = B2 * $ B $ 9
3. Mixed cell reference is a reference that contains either fixed row
number or column letter of the same cell address. It is a combination
of relative and absolute cell reference. For example, to fix column
A, you will write $A2 and to fix the row 2, you will write A$2. (Refer
to the figure alongside).
In this example, 10 is fixed and it is being multiplied by numbers in
row 1.
4. The AutoSum option enables you to automatically show the results
for a range of cells for common function such as SUM, Average, etc.
provided the function is logically placed.
5. To use the fill handle:
(i) Select the cell(s) containing the content you want to use. The fill
handle will appear as a small square in the bottom-right corner
of the selected cell(s).
(ii) Click, hold, and drag the fill handle until all of the cells you want
to fill are selected.
(iii) Release the mouse to fill the selected cells.

Chapter- 4 : Sorting and Filtering Data in Excel 2016

A. 1. (i) 2. (i) 3. (iii) 4. (i) 5. (ii)
B. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. PENDING
6. F 7. T 8. F
C. 1. Duplicate 2. Reapply 3. Criteria range
4. Conditional Formatting 5. Data Validation
D. 1. Data sorting is any process that involves arranging the data either in
an ascending (A to Z) or descending (Z to A) order.
2. There are two guidelines to be followed while naming a range of
cells:
(i) Name a range must begin with a letter of the alphabet, not a
number, e.g. Event-4, Quarter-2, etc.
(ii) Range names cannot contain spaces, but to tie the parts of
the name together you can use the underscore. For example,
Creadit_Score, Sales_04, etc.
3. Filter feature of Excel helps you to locate the data you wish to find
and hides the rest, thus enabling you to focus on specific information
in a large database. Filtering does not remove or modifying data, it
just changes which rows or columns appear in the active worksheet.
4. To select all the cells within the data set:
(i) Click the upper left cell of the range.
(ii) Hold down the shift key and click the lower right cell of the
21
 range.
OR
Drag the mouse diagonally, opposite to the lower right cell of the
range.
5. A field is a column within the database that contains only one type
of data, e.g., S.No, Roll No., Name, Department fields, whereas a
record is a row that contains the information about an object or a
person.
E. 1. There are two types of sorting:
(i) Ascending Sorts
Text: Sort alphabetically from A to Z
Numbers: Sorts from smallest number to largest number
Dates: Sorts from the oldest date to the newest date
(i) Descending Sorts
Text: Sort alphabetically from Z to A
Numbers: Sorts from largest number to smallest number
Dates: Sorts from the newest date to the oldest date
2. (i) Sorting and filtering
 Sorting: 1. Arranging the data either in an ascending (A to Z)
OR descending (Z to A) order is called sorting.
2. Data can be stored in rows on the basis of text, numbers,
combination to text and numbers or dates.
 Filtering: 1. Filtering data in a spreadsheet means to set
conditions so that only certain data is displayed.
2. Filter feature of Excel helps you to locate the data you wish to
find and hides the rest, thus enabling you to focus on specific
information in a large database.
(ii) Auto filter and advanced filter
 Auto filter: 1. It allows you to filter a column or row to view the
data based on a specified condition.
2. It shows only those records that meet the specified condition
and hides the rest of the records.
 Advanced Filter: 1. It is used to filter data in multiple fields
based on specific complex criteria.
2. It also copies data to a different location. It even helps you to
find unique records.
3. Auto filter allows you to filter a column or row to view the data
based on a specified condition. It shows only those records that
meet the specified condition and hides the rest of the records.
Let us understand with an example:
To use Auto Filter option, follow the given steps:
Step 1 : Select the data or cell range to be filtered.
Step 2 : Click the Filter option in the Sort & Filter group on the Data
tab.

22
 Step 3 : Click the drop-down arrow for the column you want to
filter.
Step 4 : Uncheck the Select All check box to quickly deselect all the
options. Now, select the check boxes next to the data you want to
view.
Step 5 : Click OK
4. (i) Let us follow the given steps to apply conditional formatting:
Step 1 : Select the desired cell range for the conditional
formatting rule.
Step : 2 Click on Home Tab on the Ribbon and select Conditional
Formatting in the Styles group.
Step : 3 Select the desired option to specify a condition from the
drop-down list.
Step : 4 Type the value to create a condition and select the
desired formatting style.
Step : 5 Click on the OK button.

Chapter- 5 : Tools Panel and Symbols in Flash CS6

A. 1. (iii) 2. (i) 3. (ii) 4. (ii) 5. (i)
B. 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5.
C. 1. width 2. Pencil 3. Oval Primitive 4. PolyStar
5. Pen 6. symbol 7. library 8. F8
D. 1. The zoom tool is used to magnify and demagnify the stage.
2. The line tool is used to create straight lines on the stage.
3. The paint bucket allows you to fill the enclosed areas on an object
with colours, in a single click.
4. The eyedropper tool allows you to select the attributes of a shape
such as fill and stroke color and line weight and style and then
transfer them to other shapes.
5. The eraser tool helps you to erase a part of the artwork.
E. 1. Tools Panel contains the major drawing, painting, colouring selecting
and editing tools. To select a tool, take the mouse pointer to the
tools and click to select. Move to the stage and use the tool in the
required area.
The tools panel is divided into four section: Tools, View, Colors and
Options.
2. Text tool is used to add text on the stage. You can set various text
attributes such as font family, style, size from the Properties panel
when text is inserted on the stage.
3. The selection tool is used to select a single or multiple objects on
the stage. To select multiple elements, hold down the shift key and
click on the objects you want to select.
4. Following are the options displayed on invoking this tool:
(i) Magic wand tool: This option is used to select the areas that
23
 contain similar colours.
(ii) Magic wand settings: This option is used to specify the values
for the Threshold and Smoothing options of the Magic wand
options.
(ii) Polygon mode: This option is used to select an object or an area
by creating linear and interconnected lines.
5. Importance of Using Flash Symbols
The size of the Flash file depends largely on the size of all the
graphics and texts used in the movie (both symbols and non-
symbols). The major advantage of using symbols is that a symbol’s
size is considered only once even if it is used a hundred times.
Unused symbols in your library are not counted in the size of your
movie. This helps remarkably in reducing the size of the Flash file.
6. The three types of symbols in Flash are:
(i) Graphic (ii) Button (iii) Movie Clip
7. By default, the Spray Brush emits a spray of dot particles using the
currently selected fill color.  However, it can also be used to apply a
symbol as a pattern.
F. 1. (i) Stroke color and Fill color
Stroke color
1. The Stroke color swatch is used to define the colour of the
stroke. In Flash, the outline of an object is called stroke.
2. To set the colour of the stroke, select the stroke by using the
selection tool and then choose the desired colour from the
layout that is displayed on choosing the stroke colour.
Fill color
1. The Fill color swatch is used to define the colour of the fill. In
Flash, the colour filled inside an object is called the fill.
2. To define the colour of the fill, select the colour from the flyout
that is displayed on choosing the fill color swatch.
(ii) Paint bucket tool and Ink bottle tool
 The Paint Bucket Tool : This tool allows you to fill the enclosed
areas of an object with colours, in a single click. You can also
use the Paint Bucket tool to fill the areas that are not completely
closed and change the colour of existing painted drawings.
Step 1 : Click on the Paint Bucket tool from the Tools panel.
Step 2 : Click on the Fill color button.
The color palette will appear. OR
Step 3 : Select the desired colour. Click the drop-down arrow of
the Gap Size modifier and choose a gap option to close the gap
in the shape.
Step 4 : Click inside the object to fill it with the selected colour.
 Ink Bottle Tool : It is used to change the stroke colour, width,
and style of stroke (lines or shape outlines).

24
 To use this Tool, follow the given steps:
Step 1 : Click the drop-down menu arrow at the corner of Paint
Bucket tool.
Step 2 : From the displayed list of tool variants, select the Ink
Bottle tool.
Step 3 :Choose the Stroke color, Width, and Style of Stroke in
the Properties panel.
2. When using the Pencil tool, you can draw in three modes:
Smooth, Ink and Straighten.
Let us explain its uses:
Smooth: It draws smooth curved lines.
Ink: It draws freehand lines with the modification applied
Straighten: It draws straight lines. It is the default modifier.
3. There are three options of the Erase Mode Modifier:
1 To 3 Take from page 69 erase normal, fills , lines complete
uthane h points.
4. Take complete steps how to create symbols from page 71 to 72
5. Take deco tool paragraph from page 68
6. Take steps of spray brush tool from 67 or 68

Chapter- 6 : Timeline in Flash CS6

A. 1. Shape tweens 2. (i) 3. (i) 4. (iv) 5. (i)
B. 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. T
C. 1. Ctrl + Enter 2. Motion Path 3. Tint 4. Layers
5. Timeline
D. 1. Not mention in book
2. (i) FRAME-BY-FRAME ANIMATION
 In Frame-By-Frame Animation, we create an image in every
frame.
(ii) TWEENED ANIMATION
In the Tweened Animation, we create the starting and ending
keyframes to animate the object. Tweening means ‘in between’.
The movement from one keyframe to the other becomes easy
with the use of the tweening. Flash itself creates the motion
effects in between the frames.
3. In Flash, layer refers to the different levels on which you place you
drawings, animation and objects. They are stacked on one on top
of another. Each layer contains its own graphics or effects, which
can be worked on and changed independently of the other layers.
4. The Timeline is one of the most important toolbars in Flash. It is
a rectangular window that is present at the bottom of the Stage.
It controls the flow, interactivity and organisation of the movie.
It is the area where one controls the sequencing and timing of
graphics and other elements of a movie. The major components of
25
 the Timeline are Layers, Frames and the Playhead.
5. The Playhead indicates the current frame displayed on the stage. It
is represented by a red vertical line in the timeline window. When
Flash player plays your movie, the playhead moves from left to right
across the Timeline.
E. 1. Flash provides us the facility to show the transition of the image
from one keyframe to another keyframe. This transition is called
as Tweening. There are two type of tweens: Motion Tween and
Shape Tween
2. In the timeline, you work with the frames to organise and control
the content of your document. You place frames in the timeline in
the order you want the objects in the frames to appear in your
finished content. A Keyframe is a frame where a new symbol
instance appears in the timeline.
3. The property Inspector is a panel that displays the properties of the
selected object (text, symbol, an image, a line, or a shape). The list
of properties also varies in the property inspector depending on the
object selected.
4. In Flash, you can create a motion guide that enables you to move
your symbol in a predefined path such as curves or circles.
Let us learn how to use motion guide:
Step - 1 : Open a new Flash document.
Step - 2 : Using various drawing and colouring tools from the Tools
panel, create a flying bird.
Step - 3 : Convert the graphic that you created into a symbol either
by selecting Modify > Convert to Symbol option or by selecting the
graphic and pressing F8 shortcut key. The Convert to Symbol dialog
box appears.
Step - 4 : In the Convert to Symbol dialog box, enter the name
‘Birdie’ in the Name text box and select the Graphic option from the
Type drop-down list.
Step - 5 : Now, double-click on Layer 1 and rename it to ‘L-Birdie’.
Step - 6 : Create another new layer on the Timeline by using Insert
> Timeline > Layer. Rename this layer to ‘Motion-Birdie’.
Step - 7 : Select the Pencil Tool from the Tools panel and select a
Stroke color from the Properties panel on the right. Draw a path on
the Stage, that the object will follow while in motion.
Step - 8 : Choose the Selection Tool and double click on the path
you just created.
Step - 9 : Now, select Edit > Cut to remove that path from the
Stage temporarily.
Step - 10 : Click on the layer L- Birdie. Right-click on Frame 1 and
choose Create Motion Tween option from the Context menu that
appears.

26
 Step - 11 : Choose Edit > Paste in Place to paste the path you
created earlier. Flash automatically converts the path to a motion
path, and your symbol snaps to the path.
Step - 12 : Press Ctrl + Enter or select Control > Test Movie > in
Flash Professional from the Menu bar to play your Flash movie. The
Birdie follows the path that you have created.
5. In the Tweened Animation, we create the starting and ending
keyframes to animate the object. Tweening means ‘in between’.
The movement from one keyframe to the other becomes easy with
the use of the tweening. Flash itself creates the motion effects in
between the frames.
There are two types of tweened animation in Flash. They are:
• Motion Tween (works on symbols)
• Shape Tween (works on objects that are not symbols)
6. Tint Tweening is used to change the colour of an object. Tint effects
works on symbols and cannot be added to the object that are drawn
directly on the canvas of the movie. You could start with a green
object, see the first keyframe to gray and the last keyframe to blue
and your object would fade from gray to blue. The green colour
would not appear.

Chapter- 7 : Introduction to HTML5

A. 1. (iii) 2. (i) 3. (i) 4. (iii) 5. (iii)
B. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T
C. 1. World Wide Web 2. Hypertext, markup language
3. Italics 4. Horizontal rule 5. Headings
D. 1. HTML is a language used for create web pages. HTML is the
acronym for Hypertext Markup Language. The term HTML is the
combination of Hypertext and Markup Language. Hypertext is the
text that defines the link between the web page and it opens a new
web page when you click on it. Markup language is used to define
the text document within tag which defines the structure of web
pages. Web pages are text document.
There are features of HTML5:
• HTML5 is a complete code package.
• HTML documents are simple text files.
• HTML is not a case sensitive language, i.e., you can do its coding
in lower case or upper case.
• HTML documents are allowed to be viewed on any type of
computer platform.
• HTML5 has introduced new multimedia features which support
audio and video controls.
• HTML5 allows you to draw images directly in the web page.
2. Basically, two types of tools are required to create and view any HTML
27
 document or web page:
• HTML editor • We browser
html editor
Text Editor
These are programs that are used to create or compose HTML
documents. The most common text editors are Notepad and
WordPad. These are simple text editors. Yet another type of
text editors that are being used professionally are HTML editors.
They are highly advance text editors with features such as
automatically inserting a closing tag, thus reducing the amount
of typing required.
WYSIWYG Editor
WYSIWYG stands for What You See Is What You Get. This
type of web editor allows a user to see what the end result
will look like while the document is being created. This editor
makes the job much easier as the user does not require the
knowledge of HTML commands, since the required HTML codes
are added automatically as and when required. Atom, Adobe
Dreamweaver, Sublime text are some popular editors being
used professionally.
 Web Browser
These are used to view and display the HTML documents.
Internet Explorer, Microsoft Edge, Mozilla Firefox, Google
Chrome, and Opera are few examples of web browsers.
2. Basically, two types of tools are required to create and view any
HTML document or web page:
• HTML editor • We browser
html editor
Text Editor
These are programs that are used to create or compose HTML
documents. The most common text editors are Notepad and
WordPad. These are simple text editors. Yet another type of
text editors that are being used professionally are HTML editors.
They are highly advance text editors with features such as
automatically inserting a closing tag, thus reducing the amount
of typing required.
WYSIWYG Editor
WYSIWYG stands for What You See Is What You Get. This
type of web editor allows a user to see what the end result
will look like while the document is being created. This editor
makes the job much easier as the user does not require the
knowledge of HTML commands, since the required HTML codes
are added automatically as and when required. Atom, Adobe
Dreamweaver, Sublime text are some popular editors being

28
 used professionally.
 Web Browser
These are used to view and display the HTML documents.
Internet Explorer, Microsoft Edge, Mozilla Firefox, Google
Chrome, and Opera are few examples of web browsers.
3. A tag is set of characters which give instructions to the web browser.
It controls the format of the page or document.
4. An HTML element consists of an opening tag and a closing tag,
with the content inserted in between i.e., it contains an ON tag, the
content and an OFF tag.
The two types of elements used in HTML are:
• Container Elements: In HTML, the elements that include both
opening (ON) and closing (OFF) tags are called container
elements. These elements wrap around and enclose the data.
• Empty Elements: Empty elements contain only opening (ON)
tags. They do not have closing (OFF) tags. These elements do
not enclose any data. They are mostly used to insert something
like an image <img> or a line-break <br>.
5. HTML documents are also called web pages.
These can be divided into two parts: head and body
The head section contains the general information about the page,
such as title of the document and several other elements while the
body section contains the content of the page. All the information
that you wish to view in the page must be written in the body
section.
6. Headings are used for determining main titles and subtitles are
also to emphasise some text. There are six levels of headings in
HTML, from H1 to H6. H1 heading style displays the text sixe in the
largest size and is mainly used for the main headings, H6 being the
smallest headings. The lower levels of headings are used for sub
headings. Font size of the heading decreases from <H1> to <H6>.
7. Bold Tag
The bold tag is used when you need to highlihgt the text. Type <b>
before typing the text that you want to display as bold and type </
b> after the text.
Italic Tag
This tag displays the text at a slight angle and thus, draws the
attention of the reader. The text should be enclosed in <i> and </
i>.

Chapter- 8 : Cascading Style Sheet (CSS3)

A. 1. (i) 2. (iii) 3. (ii) 4. (iii) 5. (i)
6. (iii) 7. (i) 8. (ii)
B. 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. F
29
 6. F 7. T 8. F
C. 1. Selector 2. Cascading Style Sheet 3. comment 4. 16px
5. Background Attachment 6. Font size 7. Rounded
D. 1. The Text Decoration property states the decorations that can be
applied to the text to decorate it. Its value none. Whereas, The Text
Shadow property is used to add shadows to text. Its value conflict.
2. Benefits of using CSS:
(i) CSS controls the fonts, text, colours, background, margins, and
layout of an HTML document.
(ii) CSS makes it easier to enhance the look of the different elements
on a web page.
(iii) These sheets are easier to maintain and update.
3. This font specifies the list of fonts to be used to display a given
element or web page.
In CSS3, there are two types of font family, names:
Generic family: It is a group of font families having similar
appearance (such as “Serif”, “Sans-serif”, or “Monospace”)
Font family: It is a group of specific font families (such as “Times
New Roman”, “Verdana”, or “Lucida”).
4. The text-decoration property allows text to be decorated by one of
five properties:
• Overline • Underline • Line-through • Blink • None
5. In HTML, you can set margins for each side of an element, viz.
top, right, bottom and left by using CSS Margin properties. Margin
properties are used to define the amount of free space surrounding
an element.
E. 1. Border Properties
You can set the border style, border width and border colour of an
HTML element using the CSS Border properties.
BORDER STYLE: Using the border-style property, you can specify
the type of border you want to display around your text.
BORDER WIDTH: It defines the width of all the four borders of
an element. This can be defined either by specifying size (in px,
cm, em, etc.) or by using any of the three values (thin, medium or
thick). Its default value is ‘medium’.
BORDER COLOR: This property defines the colour of the border
surrounding an element. You can also set different colours for each
of the four borders.
Text Transform
In CSS 3, you can transform the letters in a text into uppercase,
lowercase or capitalize the first letter of each word using the text
transform property.
Syntax: text–transform : value
where value = uppercase|lowercase|capitalize|none

30
 Defining the Values
uppercase: capitalizes all letters of each word
lowercase: converts all letters of each word to small case
capitalize: capitalizes first letter of each word
none: the text remains unaected
2. This inline-style is open used to apply a unique style for a single
element. The inline styles are added to an HTML tag with “style”
attribute. In this style, a number of declarations can be used; each
one separated by a semicolon. It is also known as the Attribute
Style of applying CSS. Using inline styles is not as powerful as
embedded style sheets or linking to an external style sheet because
in inline style, the declaration is to be repeated with every element,
even if the same style is applied on some other element in an HTML
document.
3. (i) Font Size
You can specify the size of the text in CSS3 using this property.
Syntax: font-size : value
Where value can be (defined from the list below).
The various values that can be used in this property are given
below:
• xx-large • x-large • large • larger • medium
• small • smaller • x-smaller • xx-smaller • pixels
• %(percent)
Font Property
This property specifies the weight of a font, values being either
normal or bold.
Syntax: font–weight : value
where value = normal|bold
GIVE TABLE
(ii) Letter spacing
The letter-spacing property increases or decreases the space
between characters in a text.
Word-spacing
The word break property specifies the line breaking rules.
Give table
(iii) BACKGROUND POSITION
This property is used to set the position of the background
image. By default, an image is placed at the top-le corner of the
element.
Syntax: background-position : value
where value = xpos ypos/x% y%|[top|center|bottom]||[Le|cen
ter|right]
BACKGROUND REPEAT
You can specify the repetition pattern for the background

31
 image by using the background repeat property. By default, a
background image is repeated in both horizontal and vertical
directions.
Syntax: background-repeat : value
where value = no-repeat/repeat–x/repeat–y|repeat
4. repeated question

Chapter- 9 : Branching and Looping in Small Basic

A. 1. (ii) 2. (iii) 3. (i) 4. (i) 5. (iii)
B. 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. Pending 5. T
C. 1. Indentation 2. Relational 3. GoTo
4. Looping 5. If Else If Leader 6. .sb
(i) Syntax: If<Condition1>Then<Statement1>
Else If <Condition2>Then<Statement2>
Else<Statement3>
End If
(ii) Syntax: Sub<Name of the subroutine>
….
Statement(s)
EndSub
(iii) Syntax: For<Control Variable>=<Initial Value>to<Final Value>….
(iv) Syntax: If<Condition1>Then
<Statement1>
Else
<Statement2>
End If
(v) Syntax: While <Condition>
{
Statement (s)
}
End While
E. 1. Branching Statement: take from page 114 (branching statement)
2. Label: Label acts as a destination of the GoTo Statement. It identifies
a location within a program. It is often followed by a colon (:) and it
can be a word, digit, symbol or any combination of these. You can
not assign the same more to more than one label.
3. Looping: Loops is programming languages are used for repeating the
execution of the same statements again and angain. Loops instruct
the computer to run one or more statements more than once. The
advantage of using loops in programming is that it reduces the
number of instructions and also use less memory space.
4. IF then is a decision making statement. Depending upon the decision,
it can change the order of execution of statement. It is a conditional
statement having logical expression. It is a combination of two sub-
32
 statements–IF and THEN. After the keyword IF, the condition is
defined and after the keyword THEN, we define execution. If the
condition is true then the control moves forward and reads THEN
statement and performs accordingly. If the condition defined after
IF is false, the control transfers on the next line number without
reading THEN.
Thus, IF THEN statement checks only the true condition of the
program and comes to an end.
Syntax: If <Condition> Then <Statements> End If
Write a program to check whether the entered number is negative.

F. 1. In programming, the control statements to control the flow

of execution of a program based on certain conditions. These
statements determine whether or not the other statements will be
executed. These statements are also known as decision-making
statements since the help the programmer in making decisions
during the programs. Control statements in small basic are broadly
categorized into three categories: Branching, Looping, Subroutine
2. IF the number entered is smaller than 0, then the statement written
after Then, i.e., “Number is negative” will be displayed on the
screen. Else nothing will happen and the program will come out of
the IF block.
3. For with STEP statement
For loop increases the value of the counter variable by 1 every time
the loop runs. But you can increase the value of the counter variable
by any another number (other than 1) using the Step keyword.
You can even specify a negative value for the Step and make the
computer count backwards.
Write a program to print the numbers with an increment of 6.

You will notice in output that the value x is increasing by 6 after

every step.

33
 4. The For loop allows you to take a variable, give it an initial and an
end value and left the computer increment the variable for you.
Every time the variable is incremented, the computer runs the
statements between For and End For.
Syntax: For<Control Variable>=<Initial Value>to<Final Value>….
The While loop is used when you want the program to repeat the
instructions until a specific condition is true and when the loop
count is not known beforehand.
Syntax: While <Condition>
{
Statement (s)
}
End While
Give table
5. When we write programs, we often want the computer to run
certain statements more than once. Using subroutines you can
avoid writing the statements over and over in your programs and
run one or more statements with a single instruction. To create a
subroutine, Sub keyword is used and then a specific name is given
to the subroutine. Subroutine ends using he EndSub keyword.
Syntax: Sub <Name of the subroutine>
......
Statement(s)
EndSub
Write a program to find the maximum of two numbers.

Chapter- 10 : Introductions to Adobe Photoshop CS6

A. 1. (ii) 2. (iv) 3. (iii) 4. (iii) 5. (i) 6. (iv)
B 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. F
C. 1. Panels 2. Swatch 3. menu 4. Resolution 5. Hidden
D. 1. Photoshop is an image editing software developed by adobe
systems. It is one of the leading graphics editing software. Its
importance:
• It allows users to manipulate, crop, resize and do colour
correction on digital photos.
• It offers a variety of tools that help you to create complex
graphics, add various artistic effect of your images, improve
34
 colour of faded photographs, correct any error in images, make
desired changes and much more.
• It is widely used by graphic designers, web developers and
professional photographers.
2. The small triangle seen at the lower right corner of some of the tool
icons, Indicates the hidden tools. You can view these hidden tools
by clicking and holding down the mouse button on the tool icon.
3. You need to follow the given steps to create a new file in Photoshop:
Step - 1 : Open Photoshop.
Step - 2 : Click on the File menu and select the New option.
Step - 3 : Specify the desired properties for your new file and click
OK.
4. To save a file, follow the steps mentioned below:
Step - 1 : Click the File > Save option.
Step - 2 : Navigate to the folder where you want to save the file
from the Save in drop-down box.
Step - 3 : Type a name for the file in File name text box.
Step - 4 : Select the format from the Format drop-down list box for
your file to be saved.
Step - 5 : Click on the Save option. You can also press the Enter key
to save the file.
5. To open an already existing Photoshop file, follow the steps given
below:
Step - 1 : Click on the File menu and then click Open option.
Step - 2 : Using the Look in option, locate the desired file.
Step - 3 : Now, select the desired file and click on Open button. You
can also press the Enter key.
6. (i) The Document window is the area that contains the image that
you are working upon. It is also called image window. The name
of the image file is displayed as a tab at the top of the document
window.
(ii) A dock is a collection of panels displayed together generally in
a vertical orientation. To dock or undock panels, move them
into and out of a dock. You can also collapse panels to icons to
reduce clutter on the workspace.
(iii) Option bar is placed immediately below the menu bar and
displays several options related to the tool that is currently in
use. Thus, the options in the Options bar vary with the selected
tool.
(iv)The Color Panel displays the color values for the current
foreground and background colours. The sliders in the color
panel allows you to edit the foreground and the background
colours using different colour models. The color ramp located
at the bottom of the panel displays a wide spectrum of colours

35
 from where you can choose foreground or background colour.

Chapter- 10 : Cybercrime and Security

A. 1. (iii) 2. (ii) 3. (i) 4. (iii)
B. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. pending 5. T 6. T
C. 1. Hacking 2. 1980s 3. Malicious 4. Program file 5. Cyber Crime
6. Boot
D. 1. The Whole Virus 2. Quick heal 3. Morris worm
4. File-Vault 5. Proxy Server
E. 1. File backup and system image are two types of backup support
methods.
2. Many times while working on a computer, it gets hanged, restarts
frequently and sometimes even causes destruction of data. It
generally happens because of a virus attack. But, in reality, it is not
only the virus that is responsible for it, but worms, spyware, Trojan
horses, etc. are also to be equally blamed. These are all malicious
programs that can cause damage to a computer and are called
malware.
3. There are three computer ethics:
(i) You should not snoop around in other person’s computer files or
data.
(ii) You should never use a computer to steal information.
(iii) You should never buy pirated software.
4. (i) A worm is a kind of malware that spreads copies of itself into
the computer.
(ii) For example: Morris Worm
(i) The Trojan Horse is a destructive program which misleads user
and damages the computer, once it is installed.
(ii) For example: Kido (give in table)
5. Vital Information Resources Under Seize
F. 1. When the antivirus software is confused, if the file is infected or
not, it separates out the file so that the virus does not spread. This
is termed as quarantining.
2. A computer virus is a malicious software program that affects the
normal functioning of a computer. It infects or destroys the data,
computer memory, processing speed, etc. It gets loaded onto
a user’s computer without the user’s knowledge and performs
undesired action. For example, a virus might attack itself to a
program such as a PowerPoint program. Another example is an
e-mail virus that travels as an attachment to e-mails and replicates
itself by automatically mailing itself to various e-mail addresses
from the victim’s address book.
3. Cyber bullying, also known as Cyber harassment, is the use of
digital communication tool such as Internet, mobile phones, etc. to
36
 make another person feel sad, scared, angry, or humiliated, usually
again and again. Examples of cyber bullying are sending insulting
and threatening messages through e-mails, posting embarrassing
photos and videos on social media, spreading rumours about the
person online, or by sending such messages using cell phones.
This kind of Cybercrime involves online harassment where the user
is subjected to a number of messages and e-mails. Cyberstalkers
use social media, websites, blogs, e-mails and search engines to
intimidate a user and instill fear. A cyberstalker knows its victim
and makes the person feel afraid by harassing, threatening and
humiliating him/her.
4. A firewall is a security system designed to prevent unauthorised
access to or from a private network. A Firewall can be implemented
in both hardware and software form, or a combination of both. It
monitors and filters all messages entering or leaving the intranet
and blocks those that do not meet the specified security criteria.
Some common types of firewall are:
• Packet Filter Firewall • Circuit - level Gateway
• Application Gateway • Proxy Server
5. Antivirus is software that protects a computer from most types
of malware. It tracks down and remove any malware— including
viruses, spyware and adware, that comes onto a computer, networks
and IT systems.
An antivirus software usually performs these basic functions:
• Scanning specific computer files to search for known viruses
from virus dictionary.
• Scanning incoming e-mails for any virus in the attachment.
• Allowing users to initiate new scans at any time.
• Allowing users to schedule scans so they run automatically.
• Removing any malicious software it detects.
6. Backup and Restore are components of Microsoft Windows
introduced in Windows Vista and included in later versions. File
backup and system image are two types of backup support methods.

Computer- 8th
Chapter- 1 : Networking Concepts
A. 1. (ii) 2. (iii) 3. (ii) 4. (iv) 5. (ii)
B. 1. Coaxial 2. Server 3. Switches 4. Data 5. wireless
6.MAN 7. Network Card 8. PAN
C. 1. T 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. T
6. F 7. T
D. 1. Wireless Fidelity
2. Bluetooth is a wireless technology that used to connect computers,

37
 mobiles, wireless keyboard and printers using short-range of
wireless communications.
3. An electromagnetic wave used for long distance communication is
called radio waves.
4. The number of devices on the network and the type of network
traffic affects the efficiency of a network.
5. A coaxial cable consists of one or more small cables. Whereas a
Fibre-optic cable consists of a central glass core surrounded by
several layers of protective materials.
6. Internet is an interconnection of millions of over the world-wide
web.
E. 1. It provides point-to-point connection between the computers and
uses to determine the range of communication between them.
2. Function of router is to forward data packets between computer
networks.
3. It provides communication between any two computers can be done
through this centralised device.
4. It converts outgoing digital signals from the computer into analog
form so that they can be transmitted via a telephone line.
5. The server provides services to clients by answering their queries
and also controls the access to hardware, software and other
resources.
F. 1. A computer network is a system in which two or more computers
are connected together by wires or some wireless medium, for the
purpose of communication and sharing of data and resources with
each other.
2. Each computer in a network is called a node.
3. The nodes along with other network components, such as
peripherals, links etc are connected in a predetermined configuration
called topology.
4. Network architecture is the design of a computer network and how
computers are organised in a system.
5. Data transmission refers to the process of transferring data between
two or more digital devices. Data is transmitted from one device to
another in analogy or digital format.
G. 1. These are advantages of computer networking:
(i) Sharing information: Networking allows you to share
information throughout the world. A computer that is not
connected to a network is called a stand-alone computer. While
working in a stand-alone environment, you have to either use a
CD, DVD or a pen drive to take a printout to share information.
(ii) Quick and efficient transfer of data: A networked environment
allows faster, easier and reliable transfer of data files from one
computer to another.

38
 (iii) Resources sharing and cost-effective: The hardware devices
(printers, hard disk, scanners, CD drives, etc.) attached to one
computer in a network are shared by all other computers in
that network. In addition to the hardware resources, software
resources are also shared effectively over a network.
(iv) Preserving information: It is difficult to maintain regular
backups of data on a number of stand-alone computers. In a
networked environment, you can keep a backup copy of important
data on the server and can access it whenever required, and
you have just one place to look for the lost information.
(v) Cheaper sources of communication: Computer networking
reduces the need of hard copies of all documents, since the
files are shared over the network. It, thus, saves all the printing
costs as the need to print is greatly reduced.
These are disadvantages of computer networking:
(i)  Lack of robustness: If the core file server of a computer
network fails, the entire system may became useless. If a failure
occurs in the main connecting server or in a bridging device in
the network, the entire network kill come to a halt. For layer
networks, the central server must be a powerful computer.
Establishing a server and maintaining it on regular basis become
very costly.
(ii) Coast of network: The cost of implementing the network
including cabling and hardware parts is very expensive.
(iii) Virus and Malware: If a system on the network gets infected
with a virus or some malware, then it is a big possibility that the
virus can spread all over the connected hardware and systems.
2. A LAN (local area network) is a group of computer and network
devices connected together. The local area can be specified as a
small area such as educational institute, college campus, factory,
research laboratory, office or a single storey building. Computers
terminals are directly connected by cables within a limited range of
area in LAN. It is much similar to telephone system.
A MAN (metropolitan area network) is a large network that usually
spans several building in the same city or town. The IUB network in
an example of a MAN.
A WAN (wide area network), comparison to a MAN is not restricted
to a geographical location, although it might be defined within the
bounds of a state or a country. A WAN connects the different
smaller networks, including local area networks and metropolitan
area networks. ATMs and the internet are examples of WAN.
3. There are two types of network architecture, namely Client-Server
Network and Peer-to-Peer Network.
Client-Server Network: In this network, several computers called

39
 clients are connected to a single powerful computer called the
server. The server provides services to clients by answering their
queries and also controls the access to hardware, software and
other resources. In this network all files are stored in a central
location and the user access shared data. All the peripherals and
network security is controlled centrally. But the server is quite
extensive to purchase.
Peer-to-Peer Network: It is also known as P2P network. This
network is created when two or more computers are connected
and share resources without going through a separate server
(computer). In this network, each computer connect has equivalent
capabilities and responsibilities and each computer can act as a
server as well as client. It does not need an extensive server.
4. Infrared waves are high frequency waves which are used for short-
range communication. They are cheap and can be easily built, but
they cannot pass through solid objects. Infrared waves are widely
used for indoor wireless LANs, such as in television remotes and
wireless speakers.
5. A star topology is a topology for a Local Area Network in which
all nodes are individually connected to a central connection point,
like a hub or switch. A star takes more cable than e.g. a bus, but
the benefit is that if a cable fails, only one node will be brought
down. In this network, it is very easy to troubleshoot and isolate
problems. But it is more difficult than other topology in terms of
installation and implementation.
6. Bus: In a bus topology, all devices (or nodes) are connected
together through a common link called the bus. Each node on the
bus receives all the network traffic.
One of the benefits of bus networks is the ease of connecting
devices onto the network, which generally requires less cabling
than a star topology, for instance. Also, failure of a node does not
impact the rest of the network. On the downside, a network cable
failure shuts down the entire network. Also, adding nodes can slow
down the network.
Star: Also known as a spoke and hub configuration, in this setup
devices are connected not to one another but rather to a central
master/controller or hub. So messages can’t be passed from one
device to another directly but must go through the central master/
controller.
The most significant benefit of star topologies is that the failure of
one node doesn’t impact the rest of the network. It’s also simpler to
add devices on the network as the only connection is to the central
hub. On the other hand, the central hub is the main point of failure,
so if it fails the entire network stops working. Plus, adding devices

40
 to the network requires additional cabling, which can get expensive
as the device count rises.

Chapter- 2 : Introductions to Microsoft Access

A. 1. (iii) 2. (i) 3. (iii) 4. (ii) 5. (i)
6. (ii) 7. (iii)
B. 1. text 2. 64 3. DBMS 4. Search 5. Field property
6. Tools, Design 7. 255 8. Field grid area, Field properties area
9. Datasheet 10. Filter
C. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T
D. 1. Report 2. Hyperlink 3. Alt + F4 4. Record 5. Field
E. 1. An Access database has four main objects— Tables, Queries, Forms
and Reports.
2. This is the area on the left side of the access window and it displays
your database objects. When you open a database or create a new
one, the name of the database objects appear in the Navigation
Pane.
3. (i) Improved data sharing (ii) Improved data security
(iii) Improved data consistency
4. A database is a collection of information that is organized in a
manner that it can be easily accessed, managed and updated.
For example, a company database may include tables for products,
employees, and financial records.
Give table
5. The following table lists the data types available in desktop
databases in Microsoft Access:
5. Take table From page no. 27 (Data type table)
6. To create a table in Datasheet view, follow the given steps:
Step:1 Click on the Create tab.
Step:2 In the Tables group, click the Table button.
Step:3 Click the Click to Add box.
Step:4 Select the suitable data type for the field. Once you have
selected a data type, Access highlights the column header so that
you can name the field.
Step:5 Type the name for the field and press the Enter key.
Step:6 In a similar way, add more fields to the table.
Step:7 Once the table is created, save it by clicking the Save button
on the Quick Access Toolbar.
The save as dialog box appears.
Step:8 Enter the name of the table and click on the OK button.
1. Various objects of Access are as follows:
(i) T able: A table is a database object that stores data in the form
of records (rows) and fields (columns). All other elements of a
database are created based on the data stored in the tables.
41
 Each special information in a table is called a value. A value
is located at the intersection of a column and a row. The total
number of values in a table is the product of number of rows and
number of columns. A table is the most used object in Access.
(ii) Q ueries: A query is a request for a specific piece of information
from a database. Based on selection criteria, a query retrieves
data from one or more tables and displays it on the screen. For
example, “Get the record of patient no. 175” is a query.
(iii) A Form is an interactive graphical object of a database that
provides a medium of entering, editing and viewing the
information in tables. A form is always based on a table or
query table. Data entered through a form is stored in the table
based on which it is created.
(iv) R  eports: A Report is a database element using which you can
present data in a professional and printable format. Generally,
a report is used to obtain a printed copy of the data.
2. You can create a table in a Design view by the following steps:
Step:1 Click the Create tab.
Step:2 Select the Table Design button from the Tables group.
Step:3 In the field grid area, for each field, enter the name in the
Field Name column.
 Step:4 Select the required data type from the Data Type drop down
list box. By default, the short data Text data type appears in the
column.
 Step:5 If you wish, you can provide a description about the fields
in the Description column, though it is optional.
 Step:6 Set the required field properties from the properties area.
 Step:7 Once the table is created, you must save the table by
clicking the Save button on the Quick Access Toolbar.
 Step:8 Enter the name of the table in the Table name text box and
click OK.
3. A Primary key is a key in a relational database that is unique for
each record and it ensures that no two records in the database
contain the same value for that field. For example, the roll number
of a student is unique as two students cannot have the same roll
number in the same class. Thus, in this case, the roll number is the
Primary Key. To ensure row-level accessibility, each database table
needs a Primary Key.
4. Insert a table in datasheet view, follow the given steps:
(i) To insert a field, follow the steps given below:
Step - 1 : Right-click on the header cell of the field before which you
want to insert a field.
Step - 2 : Select the Insert Field option from the shortcut menu that
appears.

42
 A new field will be inserted with a name ‘Field1’ on the left of the
selected field.
Step - 3 : Change the name of this field as desired and add data to
it as required.
(ii) To delete a field from a table, follow either of the steps given
below:
Step - 1 : Right-click on the header of the field to be deleted and
select the Delete Field option from the context menu. OR
Select the required field and click on the Delete button in the Add
& Delete group on the Field tab.
Step - 2 : In the dialog box that appears, press the Yes button to
permanently delete the selected field.
5. To sort the data, follow the given steps:
(i) Select a field that you want to sort.
(ii) Select the Home tab on the Ribbon and the locate the Sort &
Filter group.
(iii) Sort the field by selecting the Ascending or Descending
command. The table will now be sorted by the selected field.
(iv)Save the new sort by clicking the Save command on the Quick
Access Toolbar.
If you want to remove a sort, you can do so by clicking the
Remove Sort command.
6. (i) ID: (pending)
(ii) Validation Text: Using this property, you can define error
message which appears on the screen when the validation rule
is validation rule is violated while making the data entry.
(iii) Caption: It is a label or a title given to a field. It is displayed as
the column heading whenever the table is displayed in datasheet
view. An effective caption is usually brief.
(iv)Relational Database: A relational database stores the data in the
form of tables and links those tables together to get a common
piece of information. The software system that is used to create,
maintain a query a relational database is called a Relational
Database Management System.

Chapter- 3 : More on Ms Access 2016

A. 1. (i) 2. (i) 3. (ii) 4. (iii) 5. (ii)
6. (iii) 7. (i)
B. 1. Database 2. Form 3. Reports 4. Three, four 5. objects 6 .
design 7. Sort
C. 1. T 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. F
D. 1. A Query is a request for a specific piece of information from a
database. Based on selection criteria, a query retrieves data from
one or more tables and displays it on the screen.
43
 2. Forms: A Form is an interactive graphical object of a database that
provides a medium of entering, editing and viewing the information
in tables.
Reports: A Report is a database element using which you can
present data in a professional and printable format. Generally, a
report is used to obtain a printed copy of the data.
3. Form view allows you to view, create, and edit data but you cannot
change its layout. Whenever, in layout view you can adjust the
layout of various fields as desired in this view.
4. Exporting a report means saving reports in other formats to make
them viewable outside of Access. It allows you to view and modify
reports in other formats and programs.
E. 1. Query window is an area where one can enter SQL statements
directly. The statements can be saved for later use and also be
erased.
The parts of Query window are as follows:
(i) D
 esign Area: The top portion displays the fields, tables and
queries that you may want to use in the query.
(ii) G
 rid Area: The lower portion contains columns where you can
setup the fields.
2. (PENDING)
3. (pending)
4. Follow the steps given below to export an Access file in a Word
document:
Step 1 : From the Home tab, click the View button and choose the
Print Preview option from the drop-down list.
Step 2 : Locate the Data group on the Ribbon.
Step 3 : Click on the drop-down arrow of the More option to see
options to save your report. Select Word from the options.
Export-RTF File dialog box appears.
Step 4 : Select the location where you want to save the report and
enter a file name for the report.
Step 5 : click OK.
A final screen will appear notifying that your file has been successfully
saved.
Step 6 : Click on the Close button. You can now open the exported
file from its location.
5. Follow the steps given below to format a form or a report created
by you.
Step 1 : Open the form or report in Layout View. To do so, right-
click the desired form or report in the Navigation Pane and then
click Layout View in the shortcut menu.
Step 2 : On the Design tab, in the Header/Footer group, click the
Logo option.

44
 The Insert Picture dialog box appears. Select any picture and click
OK.
The logo is added to the form or report header.
You can drag the logo if you want to reposition it. To resize the logo,
if required, move the cursor to the edge of the logo until it changes
to a double-ended arrow, and then drag it in the direction of the
arrows.
Step 3 : Type a title for your form or report by clicking on Title in
the Header/Footer group.
Step 4 : You can also set Date and Time for your form or table.
To do so, click on Date and Time option in Header/Footer group.
Choose the desired format for the Date and Time from the dialog
box that appears and click OK.
Step 5 : To specify a theme for your form or report, click on Themes
in the Themes group and select the desired theme.

Chapter- 4 : Intruduction to Visual Basic 2015

A. 1. (i) 2. (iv) 3. (i) 4. (i) 5. (i) 6. (ii)
B. 1. Relational 2. Event-driven 3. Event 4. Menu Bar
5. F5 6. Variable 7. Visible
C. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. F 6. F
D. 1. John G. Kemeny 2. Visual Basic 2015 3. Solution
4. Ctrl+Shift+A 5. Integer 6. Dim
E. 1. We know that Visual Basic is an event-driven programming language
used for creating GUI (Graphical User Interface) based applications.
In a GUI application such as MS Word or PowerPoint, a user normally
performs some actions, such as clicking a mouse, pressing a key,
making selection and so on. These actions are called Events. When
an event occurs, the application responds accordingly by executing
the event code written for the corresponding action or event. For
example, when a user clicks on the Save button, it executes the
task associated with it. In event-driven programs, whenever a user
clicks on an object, the code associated with it gets executed and
an action is performed in response to the event.
2. Follow these steps to start Visual Basic 2015:
Step - 1 To start Visual Basic 2015, click on Start > All apps > Visual
Studio 2015.
The Start Page of Visual Studio will appear.
The Visual Studio Start Page consists of a few panes. These are
discussed below:
• Start: This pane holds some helpful options to develop the
applications, such as New Project, Open Project and Open from
Source Control.
• Recent: This pane displays the list of recently created projects
45
 by you.
• New on Microsoft Platforms: This pane provides you with
various platforms to choose from to create an application in
Visual Studio.
• News: This pane includes the latest online news as well as
releases and updates about the different components of Visual
Studio 2015.
• Featured Videos: This section features videos that let you get
familiar with various tools of development environment. These
videos are created by Microsoft.
Step - 2 Now, on the Visual Studio Start Page, select the New
Project option in the Start section.
The New Project window will appear.
Step - 3 Choose the Visual Basic in the le‹ pane of the window
and select the Windows Forms Application option in the middle
pane. Selecting the option ‘Windows Forms Application’ defines
that you are going to design a program to run on a system with
MS Windows operating system.
Step - 4 In the Name textbox at the bottom, Windows Application
1 gets disp layed, which is the default name for your project. If
you wish to change the name for your project, you can do so by
clicking in this textbox.
Step: 5 click OK.
Upon clicking Windows Forms Application, the Visual Basic
Community 2015 window will open.
3. The TextBox control is used on a Form to take input from the user.
It is also used to display output to the user. You can enter text as
well as numeric values in a text box. Some of the commonly used
properties of the TextBox control are given below:
Name  his property assigns a name to the text box
T
while writing the program.
Font  sing this property, you can set the font, font
U
size, and font style for the text to be displayed
in the text box.
Text This property displays the text in the TextBox.
Read-Only  his property sets a value indicating whether
T
text in the TextBox is read-only..
Foreground I t sets the Foreground It sets the foreground
colour of the control.
MaxLength  his property specifies the maximum length of
T
the text that can be entered in the TextBox.

46
 Multiline  his property decides whether the text will
T
appear in a single line or in multiple lines in a
TextBox.
PasswordChar  his property hides the text with special
T
characters such as *, “, etc.
The Label control is used to display a descriptive text for a control
on the Form. Some of the commonly used properties of the Label
control are listed below:
Name  his property assigns a name to the label to refer it
T
while writing a program.
Text  his property specifies the text to be displayed in
T
the label.
Font I t sets the font, font size, font style, etc. for the text
to be displayed in the label.
Forecolor  his property changes the foreground colour of the
T
label used for displaying the text.
Visible  his property is used to either show or hide the
T
control.
A Button control allows a user to trigger some event to perform an
action by pointing, clicking, double clicking, etc. on it. Some of the
commonly used properties of the Button control are listed below:
Name It assigns a name to the button.
Text  his property specifies the text that appears on the
T
button.
Font  his property is used to set the font, font size and
T
font style for the text to be displayed on the button.
4. The properties window lists the properties of the currently selected
Form or Control. Properties are the characteristics of any control,
such as its colour, size, name, font, caption, etc. This window is
used to set these properties. The bottom section of this window
shows a description of the selected property.
5. (i)  Design Mode: Most of the work of creating an application is
done in this mode. The programmer can design forms, draw
controls, write codes, etc. while working in this mode. All objects
are made in this mode and logical procedures are written for
different events of objects.
(ii) Run Mode: The program executes in this mode. The codes are
executed and the application performs the tasks for which it has
been designed.
6. A form is the primary element of a Visual Basic application. It
47
 functions as an interface through which a user interacts with the
application. It contains various control elements such as button,
label, etc. using which a user can enter data and give instructions
to the application. The Form Window is the work area where a user
can create his or her application using various controls.

Chapter- 5 : More on Visual Basic 2015

A. 1. (iv) 2. (i) 3. (i) 4. (i) 5. (ii)
B. 1.FromFile(), Image 2. CheckBox 3. Autosize 4. Control
5. Looping
C. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. F 6. T 7. T
D. 1. This control displays a list of items where the user can click and
select the items from the list. You can add the items in a ListBox at
the design time and at runtime. The items can also be removed at
the design time as well as at the runtime mode.
Adding items at the design time To add items at the design time,
follow the given steps:
Step: 1 Open a new Project and insert a ListBox control from the
Toolbox on the Form.
Step: 2 To add items in the Listbox, click on the Properties window.
Step: 3 Locate the items property from the Data section and click
on the ellipsis (…) button.
Step - 4 The String Collection Editor window will open where you
can enter the list items one by one by typing the text.
Step - 5 Once you have entered the items, click on the OK option to
close the String Collection Editor window.
You will find that the list items are now added in the ListBox.
2. Like ListBox Control, ComboBox Control also displays a list of
items where the user can click and select the items from the list.
However, it differs a little from the ListBox in the way it displays the
items. In the ListBox, all the items are displayed at once in a text
area (depending upon the size of the ListBox Control), whereas the
ComboBox displays only one item initially, and the user needs to
click on the small arrowhead or handle on the right of the ComboBox
to see the items which are present in a dropdown list.
3. pending
4. In general, in a programming language, the statements are
executed sequentially, i.e. the first statement in a function is
executed first, followed by the second and so on. But sometimes,
the programming demands to change the flow of control. In such
cases, control statements are used. Thus, control statements or
structures are the statements which alter the flow of execution
of the program either by repeating or skipping the statements.
In Visual Basic 2015, control statements can be divided into the
48
 following two categories:
• Branching • Looping
Branching allows you to add logic to your applications. It includes
conditional structures or blocks of code that will only execute if
a particular condition (or expression) is true. You can use the
conditional operators and the logical operators together with the
control structures.
In Visual Basic 2015, there are three types of ‘If control structures’:
• If...Then Statement • If...Then...Else Statement
• If...Then...ElseIf
If...Then Statement
This is the most basic form of branching statement. It executes the
statements only if the condition is true. If the condition is false, no
action takes place.
SYNTAX: If (condition) Then
Statements
End If
If…Then…Else Statement
In this branching statement, if the condition is true, then the
statements written after Then are executed, else the statements
written after Else are executed. This statement provides an
alternative output
SYNTAX: If (condition) Then
Statements
Else
Other Statements
End If
If….Then…Elself statement
In circumstances where there are more than two alternative
conditions, then If….Then….Itself statement is used.
SYNTAX: If (Condition) Then
Statements
Elself (Condition) Then
Statements
Elself (Condition) Then
Statements
Else
Statements
End If
Looping
In Visual Basic 2015, looping is a process that involves repetition of
a set of statements until a certain condition is met.
The three types of loops in Visual Basic 2015 are:
• For…Next Loop • DoWhile Loop • While…End While Loop

49
 For…Next Loop
It repeats a set of statements for a definite number of times. As the
loop executes, a loop index counts the number of loop iterations.
SYNTAX: For Counter = Initial Value To Final Value
Statements
Next
DoWhile Loop
Using this loop, a set of statements is repeatedly executed, till
the specified condition remains true. It stops the execution of the
statements once the condition becomes false.
SYNTAX: DoWhile Condition
Statements
Loop
While…End While
The While…End While loop executes a series of statements as long
as the specified condition is true. When the condition becomes
false, program control passes to the line immediately following the
loop. It is generally preferred when the number of iterations are not
known at the start of the loop. The structure of a While…End While
loop is very similar to the Do While loop. However, the difference
is that the Do While first executes the set of statements and then
checks the condition, whereas, the While.....End While loop first
checks the condition and then executes the set of statements.
SYNTAX: While Condition
Statements
End While
5. For…Next Loop
It repeats a set of statements for a definite number of times. As the
loop executes, a loop index counts the number of loop iterations.
SYNTAX: For Counter = Initial Value To Final Value
Statements
Next
DoWhile Loop
Using this loop, a set of statements is repeatedly executed, till
the specified condition remains true. It stops the execution of the
statements once the condition becomes false.
SYNTAX: DoWhile Condition
Statements
Loop
6. The CheckBox control in Visual Basic 2015 allows the user to set
true/false or yes/no type options. The user can select or deselect it.
CheckBoxes work independently and the user can select more than
one item. When a CheckBox is selected, it holds the True value,
and when it is cleared, it has the False value. The CheckBox control

50
displays a check mark when it is selected.
The checkBox control can be used in groups as well to display
multiple options, from which the user can select one or more items.
Some common properties of this control are:
Name Identifies a label while writing the program
Appearance  ets a value determining the appearance of the
S
CheckBox
Checked  ets a value indicating whether the CheckBox is
S
selected
Text Sets the caption of a CheckBox
Font  ets the font, font size, font style, etc. for the
S
CheckBox
Visible etermines whether the control is visible or
D
hidden
RADIO BUTTON CONTROL
A radio button, also known as option button is one of the most
useful controls in Visual Basic 2015. It allows the user to choose
only one of the predefined sets of mutually exclusive options, i.e.
the user can choose only one option out of a number of choices.
The default names are RadioButton 1, RadioButton 2 and so on.
You can display text, image or both on RadioButton control.
There is a fundamental di‘erence between CheckBox control and
RadioBox control. The CheckBoxes work independently and allow
the user to select one or more items, whereas radio buttons allow
the user to select only one item out of a number of choices, such as
for a RadioButton named Sex, only one item, Male or Female can
be selected.
Some of the common properties of RadioButton control are:
Name Identifies a label while writing the program
Appearance  ets a value determining the appearance of the
S
RadioButton
Checked  ets a value indicating whether the control is
S
checked or not
Text Sets the caption of a RadioButton
Font  ets the font, font size, font style, etc. for the
S
control
Visible() Determines if the control is visible or hidden
Pending

51
 Chapter- 6 : Tools in Photoshop CS6
A. 1. (ii) 2. (ii) 3. (iii) 4. (i) 5. (iii) 6. (i)
7. (i) 8. (i)
B. 1. Clone Stamp Tool 2. Hand Tool 3. Brush
4. Clone Stamp Tool 5. Quick Selection Tool, Magic Wand Tool
6. Tolerance 7. Circle
C. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. F
D. 1. Photoshop 2. Elliptical Marquee Tool 3. Anchor Point
4. Ctrl+Alt+Z 5. Paint Brush 6. D
7. Rectangular Marquee Tool
E. 1. The Magic Wand Tool, known simply as the Magic Wand, is one
of the oldest selection tool in Photoshop. It allows you to select
an area of an image based on its colour. It is a great choice for
selecting areas of similar tone and colour.
2. The Crop Tool allows you to select an image and discard everything
outside this area.
You can use Crop Tool in editing images in the following way:
(i) Open the image.
(ii) Select the Crop Tool from the Tools Panel.
The pointer changes to the cropping symbol
(iii) Click and drag the mouse pointer across the picture to make a
rectangular selection.
(iv)Release the mouse button when the selection is complete.
Photoshop creates a marquee called crop marquee around the
selected part. This selected part is known as the cropping area.
The area outside the cropped area appears dark. This is called
a shield.
(v)  To complete the cropping process, double click inside the
selection or press the enter key.
You will see the desired cropped image.
3. (i) Healing Brush Tool is the default Healing Tool. Spot Healing Tool
is used to clone areas and quickly remove the blemishes from
the image. The main difference between Spot Healing Brush
and the normal Healing Brush is that the Spot Healing Brush
requires no source point. Whereas, The Healing brush need a
source point.
(ii) The main difference between the two tools is that Dodge Tool
is used to make an image appear lighter whereas Burn Tool is
used to make an image appear darker.
(iii) The Brush Tool is a basic painting Tool. It works like a Traditional
drawing tool by applying the colour using strokes. This tool
creates smooth strokes of the foreground colour in your image.
Whereas, this tool allows you to paint in a more realistic way
by mixing colours on the canvas, combining colours on a brush
52
 and varying paint wetness across a stroke.
4. The Gradient Tool is used to fill an entire layer or only the selected
areas of an image with the blends of multiple colours in a specified
pattern. Five types of Gradients are available in Adobe Photoshop
CS6. They are linear, radial, angle, reflected and diamond Gradients.
5. To use this feature, follow the steps:
(i) Select either the Horizontal or the Vertical Type Tool from the
Tools Panel.
(ii) Type the desired text.
(iii) Select the text and click the Create warped text button in the
options bar.
The Wrap Text dialogue box appears.
(iv) Select the desired wrap style from the drop-down list.
(v) Select the orientation of warp style — Horizontal or Vertical.
Specify other options required.
(vi) Click on OK button to apply the Warp style.
You can position your text wherever you want it on the image,
using the Move Tool.
7. Step 1 : Open the image.
Step 2 : Select the Clone Stamp Tool from the Tools panel.
Step 3 : Set the desired options like brush type, brush size or
hardness, blend mode, opacity for stroke from Options bar.
Step 4 : Press the Alt key to define a sampling source.
The cursor will change to the target symbol O.
Step 5 : Click on the area of the image you want to be cloned and
release the Alt key.
Step 6 : Click and drag on the area where the cloned image is to
appear.

Chapter- 7 : Layers and Filters in Photohop CS6

A. 1. (i) 2. (iv) 3. (iii) 4. (ii) 5. (ii)
B. 1. Layer 2. Flattening 3. Adjustment 4. Filters
5. Lock 6. Background
C. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. T
D. 1. Layers are a set of transparent sheets that are selected on top of
one another.
2. To convert a regular layer into a Background, layer, simply select a
Layer in the Layers panel and choose Layer — New —
Background From Layer
3. To instantly hide all layers except one, hold the Option/Alt key and
click the eye icon of the layer you want to remain visible.
4. The toggle() method toggles between hide() and show() for the
selected elements. This method checks the selected elements
for visibility. show() is run if an element is hidden. hide() is run if an
53
 element is visible - This creates a toggle effect.
5. The Filter Gallery allows you to apply filters incrementally and apply
individual filters more than once.
E. 1. To add a New layer, follow the given steps.
(i) Select the Layer—New—Layer option.
The New layer dialogue box will appear
The default name of the new layer is Layer 1. You can define
any appropriate name in the Name text box.
(ii) Click OK option.
You will see a new blank layer in the Layers panel.
2. (i) To select multiple adjacent layers, click the first layer you want
to select and holding down the Shift key, click the last layer that
you want to select.
(ii) To select multiple non-adjacent layers, hold down the Ctrl key
and click the desired layer.
3. (i) Drag the layer or group up or down in the Layers panel.
(ii) To move a layer into a group, drag a layer to the group folder.
(iii) Select a layer or group, choose Layer > Arrange, and choose a
command from the submenu.
(iv)To reverse the order of selected layers, choose Layer > Arrange
> Reverse.
4. pending
5. To create a layer group, follow these steps:
Step 1 : Select the Create a New Group button at the bottom of the
Layers to create a new folder.
or Choose Layer > New > Group.
Step 2 : Drag layers into the group folder in the Layers panel.
Step 3 : Double-click on the Group Name in the Layers panel to
rename it.
6. To apply a filter, follow the given steps:
(i) Select the whole layer or an area of the layer on which you want
to apply the filter.
(ii) Click the Filter menu and then choose the desired filter from the
submenu that appears.
A dialogue box corresponding to the chosen filter may appear.
However, in case of same filter effects, you will not see a
dialogue box, and the effect gets applied immediately.
(iii) Fill values and select options in the dialogue box.
(v) Click OK to apply the filter.

Chapter- 8 : Working with Layers in Flash CS6

A. 1. (ii) 2. (i) 3. (iii) 4. (i)
B. 1. dragging 2. Timeline 3. Lock 4. Masking 5. Onion Skin
C. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. T
54
D. 1. Layers are like sheets of transparent paper arranged in a stack.
Each layer is a separate layer, but when you have a stack of layers,
each with drawing on them, they can create an entire scene. In
Flash, Layers is very important to make graphics and animation
programs. Flash allows you to work on one layer without worrying
about messing up the layers. For example, if you want to erase an
object on one layer, you can do it without affecting other layers.
You will also find it easier to animate multiple characters if you
put them on different layers. Drawings on higher layers will cover
drawing on lower layers, allowing you to create scenes with depth.
2. Locking a layer prevents you from doing any work with that layer. It
acts like a safeguard that avoids the chance of accidently changing
the content of that layer.
TO LOCK A LAYER
Step: 1 Click the dot under the padlock, as shown in the figure.
Step: 2 The dot turns into a little padlock icon and deselects any
objects that are selected on the stage in that layer.
If the active layer is locked, flash draws a slsh through the pencil
icon next to the layer’s name as a reminder that this layer can’t be
edited.
TO UNLOCK A LAYER
Click the padlock. Instantly, the padlock turns into a dot. Flash
reselects the objects of that layer and these can be edited once
again on the stage.
3. pending
4. pending - not mentioned in book
5. In flash, there are two types of Onion skinning: The Onion skinning
and Onion skin outlines
Onion skinning: Onion skinning is a 2D computer graphics term
for a technique used in creating animated cartoons and editing
movies to see several frames at once. This way, the animator or
editor can make decisions on how to create or change an image
based on the previous image in the sequence.
Onion skin outlines: The onion skin reveals how the frames in
between change when you shift starting or ending instances. As
an alternative to seeing frames in your tween in full color, you can
preview them as outlines by using the Onion Skin Outlines option.
6. The concept of masking in Flash involves using a shape or shapes to
hide or reveal portions of an artwork. For example, you can make
a circular mask and allow others to only see through the circular
area so as to create the spotlight e‘ect. A masked item can be a
filled shape, a typed object, a graphic symbol, or a movie clip. Mask
layers contain objects used as masks to hide selected portions of
the layers below them whereas masked layers are layers beneath a

55
 mask layer that you associate with the mask layer. Only the portion
of the masked layer revealed by the mask is visible.

Chapter- 9 : More on Flash CS6

A. 1. (i) 2. (ii) 3. (iii) 4. (ii) 5. (i)
B. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. T
C. 1. Ctrl+R 2. .fla 3. Property panel 4. Skewing
5. Bind Tool 6. Radial 7. F7
D. 1. Sub selection Tool is used to select and move points of an object or
edit paths between the adjacent points.
2. The short cut key for Gradient Transform Tool is F.
3. The Bone Tool is used to create bones for objects so that the complex
movements of the objects look natural when the are animated.
It allows you to create skeletal joint type connections between
shapes.
4. When you draw an object in flash, it actually creates two objects:
the fill and the outline. This may cause problems if you want to
move your object to new position, because if you fail to select both
objects, only the selected will be moved. Therefore, you must group
the outline with the fill to avoid such problems while working.
5. The menu Modify>Transform can get you directly into the modes of
one of these tools. The Transform Panel (Window>Transform) lets
do you the default free transforms by entering property values for
size, rotate and skew.
6. A Gradient is a multicolour fill in which one colour gradually changes
into another colour. It is a gradual blend between two or more
colours. There are two types of Gradient Tools are: Linear and
Radial
E. 1. (i) To Skew an object, Follow the given steps :
Step 1 : Use Free Transform Tool to select an object.
Step 2 : Select the Window > Transform option.
Step 3 : Select the Skew radio button and enter values for Skew
Horizontal and Skew Vertical angles.
Step 4 : Drag the centre handle to skew the object.
Step 5 : Release the mouse button.
Step 6 : Click outside the selected object to end transformation.
(ii) To copy an object, Follow the following steps :
Step 1 : Use the Selection Tool to select the object that you
want to copy.
Step 2 : Choose the Edit > Copy option.
Step 3 : Click on the blank area on the stage.
Step 4 : Choose the paste in centre option from the Edit menu.
A duplicate copy of the object will be created on the screen.
2. To apply a gradient fill to an object, Follow these steps:
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 Step 1 : Select an object using the Selection Tool.
Step 2 : Choose the Paint Bucket Tool option.
Step 3 : Now, Click on the Fill Colour swatch to get the colour
palette.
Step 4 : Choose the desired gradient effect from the Swatches
panel and click inside the object.
You will see that the selection is filled with the gradient colour.
3. Select the Gradient Transform Tool in the Tools panel and click on
the object
The bounding shape appears as shown in the figure below.
Bounding circle
Dragging this center point this point changes the gradient’s focal
point. It is indicated by a small triangle.
This square handle changes the gradient’s width.
This middle circular handle changes the gradient’s radius.
This bottom circular handle rotates the gradient clockwise or
anticlockwise as required.
4. Filters add interesting visual effects to text, buttons and movie
clips. You can apply filters to your graphics using the adobe Flash
workspace or by using Actionscript at runtime. Filters are most
often associated with applying ddrop shadows, blurs, glows, and
bevels to graphic elements.
5. Sub selection Tool is used to select and move points of an object
or edit paths between the adjacent points. Whereas, the Free
Transform Tool is used to rotate, move, compress, skew, and distort
an object.
6. A Gradient is a multicolour fill in which one colour gradually changes
into another colours. It is a gradual blend between two or more
colours. You can create and save gradients and apply them to fill
or give strokes of your objects/object. You can either use the in-
built gradient presents from the swatches panel or create your own
gradients using the color panel and save them to the swatches
panel.
Flash gradients come in two flavors, linear and radial.  Both types
can include any number of colours. Linear gradient change colour
in straight line going in any direction or angle. These blend in a
uniform manner. Radial gradients change colour from the inside out
or centre outward, i.e., in a circular outward direction.

Chapter- 10 : Lists ans Images in HTML5

A. 1. (ii) 2. (i) 3. (iii) 4. (i) 5. (iv) 6. (i)
B. 1. Description, ordered, unordered 2. <ol> 3. <img>
4. Bullets 5. lists 6. Start 7. Alt
C. 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. T
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D. 1. A list can be defined as a number of related items or names written
in a sequence. There are three types of HTML lists :
(i) Unoredred list
(ii) Ordered list
(iii) Description list.
2. The types of bullets used in Unordered list are:
(i) Disc (ii) Circle (iii) Square
3. The attribute which specifies that the list order should be descending
is known as Reversed attribute.
4. The images which do not display automatically with other
content on the web page and we have to view them separately
by clicking on a link such images are called external images.
5. Syntax: <img src = “Path or address of the image file”>
OR
<img src = “url”>, where url is the web address of the image.
6. The word “Alt” stands for alternate. The alt attribute provides
alternate text description for an image, if it does not get displayed
for some reasons (such as slow connection, error in the src attribute,
or using non-graphical browser.)
E. 1. ORDERED LIST
(i) An Ordered list is a list where items are included in a specific order
and numbered. Therefore, it is also known as numbered list.
(ii) An ordered list is enclosed within the <ol>and</ol>tags. The <ol>
ah has two attributes. The type and the start attribute.
(iii) The type attribute allows you to choose numbers, lowercase and
uppercase alphabet or lowercase and uppercase roman numerals
to number the list items.
(iv) The start attribute allows you to indicate from which number you
want to start the list. It automatically starts with number 1.
UNORDERED LIST
(i) Unordered lists or bulleted lists are used when the items in a list
are not required to be in a specific order.
(ii) An unordered list is enclosed within the <ul> and </ul>tags.
(iii) The ‘type’ attribute of <ul> tag determines the style of bullets to
be used.
2. A definition list is a list of terms and corresponding definitions.
Definition lists are typically formatted with the term on the left
with the definition following on the right or on the next line. The
definition text is typically indented with respect to the term.
The <dd> tag is used to give the description or a definition of the
term mentioned with the <dt> tag.
3. The different attributes of an image element are:
SRC Attribute: Src stands for source. Thus, the src attribute
specifies the location of the image that is to be displayed in the

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 web page. Take from Pg 151- 152
4. This is the shorthand property that specifies all the list properties in
one declaration.
Syntax: list-style: value
Where value= list_style_type list_style_position list_style_image
5. (i)  Nested List: A Nested list can be used with another list that is a
list can be nested within another list to create sub lists. A nested
list can contain ordered, unordered, or description.
(ii) List-Style-Type: This property allows you to specify the bullet
style that will be used as the type of list item marker.
Syntax: list-style-position:value
Where value= none/disc/circle/square (for unordered list)
Here, disc is the default value.
OR
= decimal/decimal-leading-zero/lower-roman/upper-roman/
lower-alpha/upper-alpha (for ordered list)
Here, decimal is the default value.
(iii) List-Style-Image: This property specifies an image as the list
item marker.
Syntax: list-style-image:value
Where value= (“address or path of the image”)/none

Chapter- 11 : Tables and Links in HTML5

A. 1. (i) 2. (i) 3. (iii) 4. (ii) 5. (i) 6. (ii)
B. 1. <tr> 2. Border-Collapse 3. Caption 4. internal
5. Anchor 6. Frameset
C. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T
D. 1. <td> tag is used for the data to be inserted in the cell. Whereas
<th> tag is used to give the column attribute (or heading of the
column).
2. The <td> tag defines a standard cell in an HTML table.
An HTML table has two kinds of cells: Header cells - contains header
information (created with the <th> element) Standard cells -
contains data (created with the <td> element).
3. Caption holds a short description of the table. Whereas headings
are like labels which specify the type of information in each column.
4. Anchor Property
5. The text align property sets the horizontal alignment (left, right or
centre) of the text in the cell. This property can be used with the
<th>or<td>tags.
6. Hypertext is text which contains links to other texts. It allows access
to any information on the webpages in a nonhierarchical manner.
E. 1. Tables are used on a webpage or organise data in the form of
horizontal rows and vertical columns.
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 In HTML, a table is created by using the <table> tag. This tag
encloses the actual content of the table. Each able begins with a
<table> tag and end with a </table> tag.
A table consists of rows and columns, which can be set using one or
more <tr>, <th> and <td> elements. A table row begins with <tr>
tag and optionally ends with </tr> tag. Rows must be inside the
<table> tag. The columns contains cells, each of which begins with
the <td> table data tag and ends with </td> tag. <td> tag must
always be present inside the row tags <tr>. To specify a column
heading, we use the <th> tag that also ends with </th> tag. It
makes the text bold. The <caption> tag is used to specify the title
for the table.
Let us understand through an example:
Take example from page no 159
2. The Anchor <a> tag is used to mark the text as a hyperlink. It
specifies the destination of the hyperlink in order to create the
linking. The <a> is a container tag, i.e. it has an ON tag as <a>
and OFF tags as </a>. This page or file that is to be linked is
specified with <a> tag using the “href” attribute. (Pending)
3. HTML allows us to create standards-based video and audio players
that don’t require the use of any plugins. Adding video and audio
to a webpage is almost as easy as adding an image or formatting
some text.
There are two different ways to include video elements. We will be
discussing both of them below.
Video Element
The <video> element allows us to embed video files into an HTML,
very similar to the way images are embedded.
Attributes we can include are:
Take table Attributes of the video tag from page 173
4. HTML frames are use to divide your browser window into multiple
sections where each section can load a separate HTML document.
A collection of frames in the browser window is known as frameset.
Using frames gives greater flexibility to design and maintain your
site. Frames make your site interesting using various images, logos,
etc. as site themes.
In HTML, Frames can be created using <iframe>(inline frame)
tag. An inline frame is new HTML document embedded inside the
current HTML document. The attributes of <iframe>tag are src and
height & weight. You can enhance the appearance of the inline
frames by applying CSS Border Property.

Chapter- 12 : Internet Service and Application

A. 1. (i) 2. (i) 3. (iii) 4. (pending) 5. (i)
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B. 1. Blog 2.weblog 3.www.gogle.com.in 4. SkyDrive
5. Cloud 6. Google Translate
C. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F
D. 1. www.dictionary.com 2. WordPress, Wix
3. Cloud Computing allows you to work from anywhere over the
network. 4. Window 10 (pending) 5. Google Chrome
E. 1. App is short for “application”, which is the same thing as a software
program. While an App may refer to a program for any hardware
platform, it is most often use to describe program devices such as
tablet and smart phones.
2. Google Pay (formerly Pay with Google and Android Pay) is a digital
wallet platform and online payment system developed by Google
for Android phones and tablets. In January 2018, Google unified its
Pay with Google and Android Pay into a single pay system, named
Google Pay. Using this app, you can send and receive money from
anyone using a mobile. You can store your financial information
(credit and debit card details) in the app, so that you can use
it in future for making online payments. You can also do online
shopping, mobile recharge and much more using this app. When
you receive money through Google Pay, you can cash it out to your
bank account.
3. The word “Blog” is the contraction of the term ‘‘weblog”. It is a
website that enables the users to share their thoughts with the
world. It is usually created and maintained by an individual and
displays regular entries of commentary, descriptions of events,
graphics and much more. The entries are commonly displayed in
reverse-chronological order.
The word “blogging” means maintaining or adding content to a
blog. Blogs can be personal, professional, political, educational,
related to travel and fashion, and can focus on one narrow subject
or a whole range of subjects. Readers can add comments, reviews,
etc. to a blogger’s postings and other people can respond, thus
leading to conversation.
Some of the best free blog sites are WordPress, Wix, Weebly, Ghost,
Blogger, Tumblr, Joomla and Edublogs.
4. take matter google maps topic pg 182-183 give in points. Complete
the given sentence.
(i) Google Maps --------------------------------------------------------
world.
(ii) It shows ------------------------------------------------------------
panorama.
(iii) Google maps also includes -----------------------------------point of
view.
(iv)It suggest an -------------------------------------------------- for its

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 name.
(v) Google maps an interactive ------------------------------across the
globe.
6. Cloud storage is a term that refers to online space that is used by us
to store our data. It is the space that is normally located on remote
servers to which we can connect anytime by logging in using the
Internet.
Advantages of cloud are:
(i) Cloud computing allows you to work from anywhere over the
network.
(ii) Cloud computing services are cost-effective as you are required
to pay for the resources on cloud only when you use them.
(iii) Cloud computing provides a secure way of remotely storing your
confidential and important data.
Examples of Cloud computing are: Gmail, Dropbox etc.
7. (i) G oogle Translate: It is a free multilingual statistical and neural
machine translation service developed by Google, to translate
text and websites from one language to other.
(ii) Google Drive: take matter Google drive from pg 181
(iii) Google Play Books: It is an ebook digital distribution service
operated by Google. You can purchase and download ebooks
from Google Play. You can use any device to read any book,
anywhere even when you are not connected to the Internet. It
allows you to highlight the text and find their meanings. There
are millions of books available in Google Play Books.

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