Shortcut of Matrices
Shortcut of Matrices
2 Matrices
2.1
Elementary Transformations 2.3 Application of matrices
2.2 Inverse of a matrix
Quick Review
of
C’C+ kC, Adding k times the elements of I(where
is identity matrix of the same order as of A
¡ column to the and
elements of i" columncorresponding B), then A and B are called inverses of each
Note: other. We write A=B andB= A.
1. A row of a matrix cannot be ie. AA=AAI.
a column and vice versa. interchanged with
If \A|=0, then A exists.
2. The elements of row or multiples of the ii. If the inverse of a square matrix
elements of row cannot be added to elements of exists., then it is
unique. A matrix can not have more than one
a column and vice versa. distinct inverse.
Inverse of a nonsingular matrix by elementary transformations:
To find inverse of a nonsingular square matrix A.
i. By elementary row transformations:
Step-I: Consider AA=J
Step-II: Perform elementary row transformations on matrices A andI to convert matrix A
and the matrix I in RHS intoa new matrix B. into identity matrix I
Thus, we get
IA=B
i.e. A =B
ii. By elementary column transformations:
Step-I: Consider A"A=I
Sten-JI: Perform elementary column transformations on matrices A and I to convert matrix A into identity
matrix I and the matrix I in RHS into a new matrix B.
Thus, we get
AI=B
i.e. A-'=B
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Chapter 2: Matrices
Minor of an element
of a matrix
Co-factor of an element
of a matrix
Adjoint of a square matrix
Let A=[a be a square Let A = Jal be a The adjoint of a square matrix A= [ajm xm
matrix of order n. The
matrix of order n.square
The is the transpose of the matrix [Ajmm
minor M; of a; in A is
the determinant of the
co-factor A; of a; in Ais where A denotes the co-factor of a; of A.
square matrix obtained equal to (-1y* Mi, where
M; stands for minor of the If A= | a1 ag az3 then
by deleting i" row and
h column of A in which element aj. Thus,
Aj = Mi, ifi+jiseven
ajlies. and Aj Ap A A Az A1
Aj=-Mj, ifi +jis odd. adj A A,l An A Az A Ag
|A_| A2 A3 Aj A A_
Application of matrices
Pre-multiplying by A", b2 b
0 b3
A (AX) =AB
.. (A A)X = AB which gives,
IX= A'B’X=AB bËxt b12y + by3z = b, ...)
from this, we will get the values of x, y bz2y +bzsz= b, ...(1)
and z.
bs3z = b, ...(iii)
By solving (i), (i) and (iii) we will get the
values ofx, y and z.
139
MHT-CET: Mathematics (PSP)
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