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Dr. A. H. Sequeira's article emphasizes that effective teaching focuses on student learning rather than the teacher's role, highlighting the importance of pedagogical principles and educational psychology. It advocates for reflective practice, adaptability, and a growth mindset among educators to foster extraordinary teaching. Additionally, the document discusses the evolution of teaching methodologies due to technological advancements, changing student demographics, and the need for ongoing professional development.

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14 views5 pages

Wa0004. 1

Dr. A. H. Sequeira's article emphasizes that effective teaching focuses on student learning rather than the teacher's role, highlighting the importance of pedagogical principles and educational psychology. It advocates for reflective practice, adaptability, and a growth mindset among educators to foster extraordinary teaching. Additionally, the document discusses the evolution of teaching methodologies due to technological advancements, changing student demographics, and the need for ongoing professional development.

Uploaded by

ndovemagda2030
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Question 1

Dr. A. H. Sequeira’s “Introduction to Concept of Teaching and Learning” (2012) provides


valuable insights into the essential aspects of teaching and learning, reinforcing the idea that
great teachers are made, not born. The article presents a clear and structured discussion on the
significance of understanding pedagogical principles and how they contribute to the
effectiveness of educators.

Key Insights from the Article

1. The Focus of Teaching Should Be on Learning

One of the most profound points in the article is that teaching is not about the teacher but
about student learning. Sequeira (2012) explains:“As teachers, we tend to think that teaching
is all about teachers and our role; in fact, the most important aspects of the educational
process are the students and what they learn.”

This statement reflects student-centered learning, a key characteristic of effective teaching


today. Teachers who embrace this philosophy shift their focus from mere knowledge delivery
to fostering critical thinking, problem-solving, and independent learning in students.

2. Learning Is a Process of Change

The article defines learning as a relatively permanent change that results from acquiring new
skills, understanding concepts, or shifting attitudes. Sequeira (2012) emphasizes that learning
is intentional and requires active engagement:“Learning is about a change: the change
brought about by developing a new skill, understanding a scientific law, or changing an
attitude.”

This perspective encourages teachers to design lessons that promote deep learning, where
students not only absorb information but also apply it in real-life situations.

3. The Role of Educational Psychology in Teaching


Sequeira (2012) incorporates educational psychology to explain how students learn,
highlighting different learning theories. This knowledge helps teachers adapt their methods to
accommodate diverse learning styles, making education more inclusive and effective. For
example, an extraordinary teacher uses this understanding to: Apply constructivist
approaches, allowing students to build knowledge through experiences.Implement behaviorist
strategies, such as reinforcement, to encourage positive learning behaviors.

How These Insights Foster the Development of Extraordinary Teachers

1. Promotes Reflective Practice – Teachers who continuously evaluate and refine their
methods become more effective in the classroom.
2. Encourages Adaptability – Understanding that learning is not one-size-fits-all enables
teachers to adjust their strategies for different students.
3. Strengthens Student Engagement – By focusing on student learning rather than just
teaching, educators create more meaningful learning experiences.
4. Builds a Growth Mindset – Recognizing that teachers are made, not born, encourages
continuous professional growth and improvement.

Conclusion

Sequeira’s “Introduction to Concept of Teaching and Learning” (2012) offers a solid


foundation for understanding effective teaching. By emphasizing that great teachers are
developed through deliberate effort, shifting the focus to student learning, and incorporating
educational psychology, the article provides valuable insights for educators striving to excel
in their careers.Ultimately, the principles outlined in the paper equip teachers with the
mindset and skills needed to become extraordinary educators, ensuring that they not only
deliver knowledge but also inspire and transform their students’ lives.
Question 2

Teaching methodologies evolve over time and adapt to different classroom environments
because of factors like technological advancements, changing student demographics, and
evolving pedagogical theories, all of which necessitate flexible and effective teaching
approaches.

1. Technological Advancements:
According to King et al (2018),the rise of computers, the internet, and interactive whiteboards
has fundamentally changed how teachers can deliver content and engage students.
Online Learning:
Online learning platforms and virtual classrooms have expanded educational possibilities,
requiring teachers to adapt their methods to accommodate remote learning.
Accessibility:
Technology can make learning more accessible for students with disabilities or those in
remote areas.
2. Changing Student Demographics:
Diverse Learners:
Classrooms are becoming increasingly diverse in terms of ethnicity, language, learning styles,
and socioeconomic backgrounds.
Individualized Learning:
Teachers must adapt their methods to cater to the unique needs of each student, which may
involve differentiated instruction, flexible grouping, and personalized learning paths.
Digital Natives:
Students who have grown up with technology have different learning preferences and
expectations than previous generation theory
4.Classroom Environment:
Physical Space:
According to Goodson (2009), The layout of the classroom, the availability of resources, and
the presence of technology all influence teaching methods.
Class Size:
Larger classes may require more structured teaching methods, while smaller classes allow for
more individualized attention and collaborative learning.
Student Behavior:
The level of engagement, discipline, and participation of students can impact the
effectiveness of different teaching methods Rohani (2009).
5.Professional Development:
Teacher Training:
Teachers need ongoing professional development to stay current with new technologies,
pedagogical theories, and best practices.
Collaboration:
Teachers can learn from each other by sharing ideas, strategies, and resources.
Question 3

Constructivism in Mathematics:

Constructivism views learning as an active process where students build their understanding
of mathematical concepts through experiences and interactions. According to
Dunaway(2011),constructivism encourages teachers to connect mathematical concepts to
real-world problems and scenarios, making learning more relevant and engaging.

Constructivist classrooms prioritize problem-solving and inquiry-based learning, allowing


students to explore mathematical ideas and develop their own solutions.
In other words Constructivism promotes collaborative learning, where students can learn
from each other and build upon each other’s ideas. He emphasized that, teachers in
constructivist classrooms act as facilitators, guiding students’ learning and encouraging them
to take ownership of their understanding.
Transformative Learning Theory in Mathematics:

Transformative learning theory focuses on how learners can adjust their thinking based on
new information and experiences, potentially leading to a deeper understanding of
mathematical concepts.

It encourages critical reflection on mathematical knowledge and assumptions, fostering a


more nuanced and comprehensive understanding.
Katz and Yabon’s (201) transformative learning emphasizes the importance of learners
making personal meaning of mathematical concepts, connecting them to their own
experiences and perspectives.
It can help students challenge their preconceived notions about mathematics and math
abilities, fostering a growth mind-set.
Connectivism in Mathematics:
Connectivism views learning as a process of connecting specialized information sets and
recognizing patterns across diverse sources, including digital resources.
It emphasizes the use of digital tools and online resources to facilitate learning, allowing
students to access a wider range of information and collaborate with others.
Bell (2010) clarifies that connectivism promotes the idea of lifelong learning, where
individuals continuously update their knowledge and skills through ongoing engagement with
networks and information.
Connectivism encourages learners to take responsibility for their own learning, allowing them
to explore topics deeply and learn at their own pace. Connectivism emphasizes the
importance of making connections between different mathematical concepts and ideas,
fostering a more holistic understanding.
In conclusion, a learning theory comprises a set of constructs linking observed changes in
performance with what is thought to bring about those changes. It explains how and why
learning happens.

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