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Statistics mcqs book - Good for practice

Business Management and strategy (Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan)

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MCQ’S OF INTRODUCTION

MCQ No 1.1
The science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting data to
assist in making more effective decisions is called:
(a) Statistic (b) Parameter (c) Population (d) Statistics

MCQ No 1.2
Methods of organizing, summarizing, and presenting data in an informative way are called:
(a) Descriptive statistics (b) Inferential statistics (c) Theoretical statistics (d) Applied statistics

MCQ No 1.3
The methods used to determine something about a population on the basis of a sample
is called:
(a) Inferential statistics (b) Descriptive statistics (c) Applied statistics (d) Theoretical statistics

MCQ No 1.4
When the characteristic being studied is nonnumeric, it is called a:
(a) Quantitative variable (b) Qualitative variable (c) Discrete variable (d) Continuous variable

MCQ No 1.5
When the variable studied can be reported numerically, the variable is called a:
(a) Quantitative variable (b) Qualitative variable (c) Independent variable (d) Dependent variable

MCQ No 1.6
A specific characteristic of a population is called:
(a) Statistic (b) Parameter (c) Variable (d) Sample

MCQ No 1.7
A specific characteristic of a sample is called:
(a) Variable (b) Constant (c) Parameter (d) Statistic

MCQ No 1.8
A set of all units of interest in a study is called:
(a) Sample (b) Population (c) Parameter (d) Statistic

MCQ No 1.9
A part of the population selected for study is called a:
(a) Variable (b) Data (c) Sample (d) Parameter

MCQ No 1.10
Listing of the data in order of numerical magnitude is called:
(a) Raw data (b) Arrayed data (c) Discrete data (d) Continuous data

MCQ No 1.11
Listings of the data in the form in which these are collected are known as:
(a) Secondary data (b) Raw data (c) Arrayed data (d) Qualitative data

MCQ No 1.12
Data that are collected by any body for some specific purpose and use are called:
(a) Qualitative data (b) Primary data (c) Secondary data (d) Continuous data

MCQ No 1.13
The data which have under gone any treatment previously is called:
(a) Primary data (b) Secondary data (c) Symmetric data (d) Skewed data

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MCQ No 1.14
The data obtained by conducting a survey is called:
(a) Primary data (b) Secondary data (c) Continuous data (d) Qualitative data

MCQ No 1.15
The data collected from published reports is known as:
(a) Discrete data (b) Arrayed data (c) Secondary data (d) Primary data

MCQ No 1.16
A survey in which information is collected from each and every individual of the population is
known as:
(a) Sample survey (b) Pilot survey (c) Biased survey (d) Census survey

MCQ No 1.17
Data used by an agency which originally collected them are:
(a) Primary data (b) Raw data (c) Secondary data (d) Grouped data

MCQ No 1.18
Registration is the source of:
(a) Primary data (b) Secondary data (c) Qualitative data (d) Continuous data

MCQ No 1.19
Data in the population census reports are:
(a) Ungrouped data (b) Secondary data (c) Primary data (d) Arrayed data

MCQ No 1.20
Issuing a national identity card is an example of:
(a) Sampling (b) Statistic (c) Census (d) Registration

MCQ No 1.21
A variable that assumes only some selected values in a range is called:
(a) Continuous variable (b) Quantitative variable (c) Discrete variable (d) Qualitative variable

MCQ No 1.22
A variable that assumes any value within a range is called:
(a) Discrete variable (b) Continuous variable (c) Independent variable (d) Dependent variable

MCQ No 1.23
A variable that provides the basis for estimation is called:
(a) Dependent variable (b) Independent variable (c) Continuous variable (d) Qualitative variable

MCQ No 1.24
The variable that is being predicted or estimated is called:
(a) Dependent variable (b) Independent variable (c) Discrete variable (d) Continuous variable

MCQ No 1.25
Monthly rainfall in a city during the last ten years is an example of a:
(a) Discrete variable (b) Continuous variable (c) Qualitative variable (d) Independent variable

MCQ No 1.26:
The proportion of females in a sample of 50 accounts officers is an example of a:
(a) Parameter (b) Statistic (c) Array (d) Variable

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MCQ No 1.27:
Number of family members in different families in a town is an example of a:
(a) Discrete variable (b) Continuous variable (c) Dependent variable (d) Qualitative variable

MCQ No 1.28
Colours of flowers are an example of:
(a) Quantitative variable (b) Qualitative variable (c) Skewed variable (d) Symmetric variable

MCQ No 1.29
If each measurement in a data set falls into one and only one of a set of categories,
the data set is called:
(a) Quantitative (b) Qualitative (c) Continuous (d) Constant

MCQ No 1.30
Any phenomenon which is not measurable is called:
(a) Variable (b) Constant (c) Parameter (d) Attribute

MCQ No 1.31
A constant can assume values:
(a) Zero (b) One (c) Fixed (d) Not fixed

MCQ No 1.32
A value which does not change from one individual to another individual is called:
(a) Variable (b) Statistic (c) Constant (d) Array

MCQ No 1.33
In the plural sense, statistics means:
(a) Numerical data (b) Methods (c) Population data (d) Sample data

MCQ No 1.34
In the singular sense, statistics means:
(a) Methods (b) Numerical data (c) Sample data (d) Population data

MCQ No 1.35
Weight of earth is:
(a) Discrete variable (b) Qualitative variable (c) Continuous variable (d) Difficult to tell

MCQ No 1.36
Weights of students in a class marks is a:
(a) Discrete data (b) Continuous data (c) Qualitative data (d) Constant data

MCQ No 1.37
Life of a T.V tube is a:
(a) Discrete variable (b) Continuous variable (c) Qualitative variable (d) Constant

MCQ No 1.38
Questionnaire method is used in collecting:
(a) Primary data (b) Secondary data (c) Published data. (d) True data

MCQ No 1.39
Census returns are:
(a) Primary data (b) Secondary data (c) Qualitative data (d) True data

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MCQ No 1.40
Students divided into different groups according to their intelligence and gender will
generate:
(a) Quantitative data (b) Qualitative data (c) Continuous data (d) Constant

MCQ No 1.41
Statistics are:
(a) Aggregate of facts and figures (b) Always true (c) Always continuous (d) Always qualitative

MCQ No 1.42
Statistics results are:
(a) Randomly true (b) Always true (c) Not true (d) True on average

MCQ No 1.43 Statistics does not study:

(a) Constant (b) Statistic (c) Parameter (d) Individual

MCQ No 1.44
A statistical population may consist of:
(a) Finite number of values (b) Infinite number of values
(c) Either of (a) and (b) (d) None of (a) and (b)

MCQ No 1.45
The only continuous variable here is:
(a) Rain fall on different days in a city (b) Number of customers entering a store on different days
(c) Number of flights landing on an airport on different days (d) None of them

MCQ No 1.46
Example of descriptive statistics is:
(a) 70% people in Pakistan live in rural areas. (b) 50% people are likely to vote in the national
election (c) 20% of the bulbs produced in a factory will be defective (d) Difficult to tell.

MCQ No 1.47
Example of inferential statistics is:
(a) Percentage of smokers in Pakistan (b) Percentage of skilled workers in a factory.
(c) Estimate of increase in prices in the next year (d) None of the above

MCQ No 1.48
Statistics are always:
(a) Exact (b) Estimated values (c) Constant (d) Population values

MCQ No 1.49
Statistics must be:
(a) Comparable (b) Not comparable (c) Discrete in nature (d) Qualitative in nature

MCQ No 1.50
Given 6 quantities, X1 through X6, the correct notation for adding quantities 3 through 6 is:

MCQ No 1.51

(a) 36 (b) 48 (c) 41 (d) 29

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MCQ No 1.52

(a) Add all quantities from Y1 through Yn (b) Add all quantities from Y=2 through Yn
(c) Add all quantities from Y=2 through Y=n (d) Add all quantities from Y2 through Yn

MCQ No 1.53

MCQ No 1.54
The figure 22.25 rounded to one decimal place is:
(a) 22.3 (b) 22.1 (c) 22.2 (d) 22

MCQ No 1.55
The figure 22.15 rounded to one decimal place is:
(a) 22.2 (b) 22.1 (c) 22 (d) 22.3

MCQ No 1.56
The figure 22.26 rounded to one decimal place is:
(a) 22.2 (b) 22.3 (c) 22.1 (d) 22

MCQ No 1.57
The figure 22.24 rounded to one decimal place is:
(a) 22.2 (b) 22.3 (c) 22.1 (d) 22

MCQ No 1.58
How many methods are used for the collection of data?
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1

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MCQ’S OF PRESENTATION OF DATA

MCQ No 2.1:
When data are classified according to a single characteristic, it is called:
(a) Quantitative classification (b) Qualitative classification
(c) Area classification (d) Simple classification

MCQ No 2.2:
Classification of data by attributes is called:
(a) Quantitative classification (b) Chronological classification
(c) Qualitative classification (d) Geographical classification

MCQ No 2.3:
Classification of data according to location or areas is called:
(a) Qualitative classification (b) Quantitative classification
(c) Geographical classification (d) Chronological classification

MCQ No 2.4:
Classification is applicable in case of:
(a) Normal characters (b) Quantitative characters (c) Qualitative characters (d) Both (b) and (c)

MCQ No 2.5:
In classification, the data are arranged according to:
(a) Similarities (b) Differences (c) Percentages (d) Ratios

MCQ No 2.6:
When data are arranged at regular interval of time, the classification is called:
(a) Qualitative (b) Quantitative (c) Chronological (d) Geographical

MCQ No 2.7:
When an attribute has more than three levels it is called:
(a) Manifold-division (b) Dichotomy (c) One-way (d) Bivariate

MCQ No 2.8:
The series
Country Pakistan India Britain Egypt Japan
Birth rate 45 40 10 35 10
is of the type:
(a) Discrete (b) Continuous (c) Individual (d) Time series

MCQ No 2.9:
The series
Country Pakistan India Britain Egypt Japan
Death rate 15 16 10 12 10
is of the type:
(a) Inclusive (b) Exclusive (c) Geographical (d) Time series

MCQ No 2.10
In an array, the data are:
(a) In ascending order (b) In descending order (c) Either (a) or (b) (d) Neither (a) or (b)

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MCQ No 2.11
The number of tally sheet count for each value or a group is called:
(a) Class limit (b) Class width (c) Class boundary (d) Frequency

MCQ No 2.12
The frequency distribution according to individual variate values is called:
(a) Discrete frequency distribution (b) Cumulative frequency distribution
(c) Percentage frequency distribution (d) Continuous frequency distribution

MCQ No 2.13
A series arranged according to each and every item is known as:
(a) Discrete series (b) Continuous series (c) Individual series (d) Time series

MCQ No 2.14
A frequency distribution can be:
(a) Qualitative (b) Discrete (c) Continuous (d) Both (b) and (c)

MCQ No 2.15
The following frequency distribution:
X 5 15 38 47 68
f 2 4 9 3 1
Is classified
(a) Relative frequency distribution (b) Continuous distribution
(c) Percentage frequency distribution (d) Discrete distribution

MCQ No 2.16
Frequency distribution is often constructed with the help of:
(a) Entry table (b) Tally sheet (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) and (b)

MCQ No 2.17
The data given as 3, 5, 15, 35, 70, 84, 96 will be called as:
(a) Individual series (b) Discrete series (c) Continuous series (d) Time series

MCQ No 2.18
Frequency of a variable is always in:
(a) Fraction form (b) Percentage form (c) Less than form (d) Integer form

MCQ No 2.19
Data arranged in ascending or descending order of magnitude is called:
(a) Ungrouped data (b) Grouped data (c) Discrete frequency distribution (d) Arrayed data

MCQ No 2.20
The grouped data are called:
(a) Primary data (b) Secondary data (c) Raw data (d) Difficult to tell

MCQ No 2.21
A series of data with exclusive classes along with the corresponding frequencies is called:
(a) Discrete frequency distribution (b) Continuous frequency distribution
(c) Percentage frequency distribution (d) Cumulative frequency distribution

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MCQ No 2.22
In an exclusive classification, the limits excluded are:
(a) Upper limits (b) Lower limits (c) Both lower and upper limits (d) Either lower or upper limits

MCQ No 2.23
The series
Weights(pounds) 15----20 20----25 25----30 30----35 35----40
No. of items 10 15 30 10 5
is categorized as:
(a) Continuous series (b) Discrete series (c) Time series (d) Geometric series

MCQ No 2.24
The series
Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Profit (000 Rs.) 7 10 16 18 22
will be called as:
(a) Time series (b) Discrete series (c) Continuous series (d) Individual series

MCQ No 2.25:
The suitable formula for computing the number of classes is:
(a) 3.322 logN (b) 0.322 logN (c) 1+3.322 logN (d) 1- 3.322 logN

MCQ No 2.26:
The number of classes in a frequency distribution is obtained by dividing the range of variable by
the:
(a) Total frequency (b) Class interval (c) Mid-point (d) Relative frequency

MCQ No 2.27:
If the number of workers in a factory is 256, the number of classes will be:
(a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 10 (d) 12

MCQ No 2.28:
The largest and the smallest values of any given class of a frequency distribution are called:
(a) Class Intervals (b) Class marks (c) Class boundaries (d) Class limits

MCQ No 2.29
If there are no gaps between consecutive classes, the limits are called:
(a) Class limits (b) Class boundaries (c) Class intervals (d) Class marks

MCQ No 2.30
The extreme values used to describe the different classes in a frequency distribution are called:
(a) Class intervals (b) Class boundaries (c) Class limits (d) Cumulative frequency

MCQ No 2.31
If in a frequency table, either the lower limit of first class or the upper limit of last class is not a fixed
number, then classes are called:
(a) One-way classes (b) Two-way classes (c) Discrete classes (d) Open-end classes
MCQ No 2.32
The class boundaries can be taken when the nature of variable is:
(a) Discrete (b) Continuous (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Qualitative

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MCQ No 2.33
Class boundaries are also called:
(a) Mathematical limits (b) Arithmetic limits (c) Geometric limits (d) Qualitative limits

MCQ No 2.34
The average of lower and upper class limits is called:
(a) Class boundary (b) Class frequency (c) Class mark (d) Class limit

MCQ No 2.35
The lower and upper class limits are 20 and 30, the midpoints of the class is:
(a) 20 (b) 25 (c) 30 (d) 50

MCQ No 2.36
A frequency distribution that contains a class with limits of "10 and under 20" would have a midpoint:
(a) 10 (b) 14.9 (c) 15 (d) 20

MCQ No 2.37
If the number of workers in a factory is 128 and maximum and minimum hourly wages are 100 and 20
respectively. For the frequency distribution of hourly wages, the class interval is:
(a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 10 (d) 80

MCQ No 2.38
Width of interval h is equal to:

MCQ No 2.39
Length of interval is calculated as:
(a) The difference between upper limit and lower limit (b) The sum of upper limit and lower limit
(c) Half of the difference between upper limit and lower limit (d) Half of the sum of upper limit and lower limit

MCQ No 2.40
The class marks are given below:
10,12,14,16,18. The first class of the distribution is:
(a) 9----12 (b) 10.5----12.5 (c) 9----11 (d) 10----12

MCQ No 2.41
If the midpoints are 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30. The last class boundary of the distribution is:
(a) 25----30 (b) 27.5----32.5 (c) 20----35 (d) 30----35

MCQ No 2.42
The number of classes depends upon:
(a) Class marks (b) Frequency (c) Class interval (d) Class boundary

MCQ No 2.43
The class interval is the difference between:
(a) Two extreme values (b) Two successive frequencies
(c) Two successive upper limits (d) Two largest values

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MCQ No 2.44
When the classes are 40----44, 45----49, 50----54, ... the class interval is:
(a) 4 (b) (c) 100 (d) 5

MCQ No 2.45:
A grouping of data into mutually exclusive classes showing the number of observations in each class
is called:
(a) Frequency polygon (b) Relative frequency
(c) Frequency distribution (d) Cumulative frequency

MCQ No 2.46:
The following frequency distribution
Classes Less than 2 Less than 4 Less than 6 Less than 8 Less than 10
Frequency 2 6 16 19 20
is classified as:
(a) Inclusive classification (b) Exclusive classification
(c) Discrete classification (d) Cross classification

MCQ No 2.47:
The following frequency distribution
Classes 10----20 20----30 30----40 40----50 50----60
Frequency 2 4 6 4 2
is classified as:
(a) Exclusive classification (b) Inclusive classification
(c) Geographical classification (d) Two-way classification

MCQ No 2.48:
The following frequency distribution
Classes 0----4 5----9 10----14 15----19 20----24
Frequency 2 3 7 5 3
is classified as:
(a) Multiple classification (b) Qualitative classification
(c) Inclusive classification (d) Exclusive classification

MCQ No 2.49:
The following frequency distribution
Classes More than 4 More than 4 More than 6 More than 8 More than 10
Frequency 2 6 16 19 20
is classified as:
(a) Geographical classification (b) Chronological classification
(c) Inclusive classification (d) Exclusive classification

MCQ No 2.50:
The class frequency divided by the total number of observations is called:
(a) Percentage frequency (b) Relative frequency
(c) Cumulative frequency (d) Bivariate frequency

MCQ No 2.51:
The relative frequency multiplied by 100 is called:
(a) Percentage frequency (b) Cumulative frequency
(c) Bivariate frequecy (d) Simple frequency

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MCQ No 2.52
In a relative frequency distribution, the total of the relative frequencies is:
(a) 100 (b) One (c) ∑f (d) ∑ X

MCQ No 2.53:
In a percentage frequency distribution, the total of the percentage frequencies is always equal to:
(a) 1 (b) ∑f (c) 100% (d) ∑X

MCQ No 2.54
The cumulative frequency of first group in more than cumulative frequency distribution is always equal to:
(a) 1 (b) 100 (c) ∑f (d) ∑X

MCQ No 2.55
The cumulative frequency of last class in less than cumulative frequency distribution is always equal to:
(a) ∑f (b) ∑X (c) 1 (d) 100

MCQ No 2.56:
The following frequency distribution:
Classes Less than 10 Less than 20 Less than 30 Less than 40 Less than 50
Frequency 2 6 16 19 20
is classified as:
(a) Less than cumulative frequency distribution (b) More than cumulative frequency distribution
(c) Discrete frequency distribution (d) Cumulative percentage frequency distribution

MCQ No 2.57:
The following frequency distribution
Classes 50----55 55----60 60----65 65----70 70----75
Frequency 40 36 30 16 4
is classified as:
(a) Relative frequency distribution (b) Less than cumulative frequency distribution
(c) More than cumulative frequency distribution (d) Bivariate frequency distribution

MCQ No 2.58
A frequency distribution formed considering two variables at a time is called:
(a) Univariate frequency distribution (b) Bivariate frequency distribution
(c) Trivariate frequency distribution (d) Bimodal distribution

MCQ No 2.59
The sum of rows or sum of columns, of a bivariate, frequency distribution is equal to:
(a) ∑X (b) ∑fX (c) ∑(f+X) (d) ∑f

MCQ No 2.60:
The arrangement of data in rows and columns is called:
(a) Classification (b) Tabulation (c) Frequency distribution (d) Cumulative frequency distribution

MCQ No 2.61:
When the qualitative or quantitative raw data are classified according to one characteristic, the
tabulation of different groups is called:
(a) Dichotomy (b) Manifold-division (c) Bivariate (d) One-way

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MCQ No 2.62
A statistical table consists of at least:
(a) Two parts (b) Three parts (c) Four parts (d) Five parts

MCQ No 2.63
In a statistical table, prefatory note is shown:
(a) Below the body (b) Box head ` (c) Foot note (d) Below the title

MCQ No 2.64
A source note in a statistical table is given:
(a) At the end of a table (b) In the beginning of a table
(c) In the middle of a table (d) Below the body of a table

MCQ No 2.65
In a statistical table, column captions are called:
(a) Box head (b) Stub (c) Body (d) Title

MCQ No 2.66
In a statistical table, row captions are called:
(a) Box head (b) Stub (c) Body (d) Title

MCQ No 2.67:
The headings of the rows of a table are called:
(a) Prefatory notes (b) Titles (c) Stubs (d) Captions

MCQ No 2.68:
The headings of the columns of a table are called:
(a) Stubs (b) Captions (c) Footnotes (d) Source notes

MCQ No 2.69:
The budgets of two families can be compared by:
(a) Sub-divided rectangles (b) Pie diagram (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Histogram

MCQ No 2.70:
Total angle of the pie-chart is:
(a) 45 (b) 90 (c) 180 (d) 360

MCQ No 2.71:
Diagram are another form of:
(a) Classification (b) Tabulation (c) Angle (d) Percentage

MCQ No 2.72
In pie diagram, the angle of a sub-sector is obtained as:

MCQ No 2.73:
A pie diagram is represented by a:
(a) Rectangle (b) Circle (c) Triangle (d) Square

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MCQ No 2.74:
A sector diagram is also called:
(a) Bar diagram (b) Histogram (c) Historigram (d) Pie diagram

MCQ No 2.75:
Which of the following is not a one-dimensional diagram:
(a) Simple bar diagram (b) Multiple bar diagram
(c) Component bar diagram (d) Pie diagram

MCQ No 2.76:
Which of the following is a two-dimensional diagram:
(a) Sub-divided bar (b) Percentage component bar chart
(c) Sub-divided rectangles (d) Multiple bar diagram

MCQ No 2.77:
Pie diagram represents the components of a factor by:
(a) Circles (b) Sectors (c) Angles (d) Percentages

MCQ No 2.78:
The suitable diagram to represent the data relating to the monthly expenditure on different items by a
family is:
(a) Historigram (b) Histogram (c) Multiple bar diagram (d) Pie diagram

MCQ No 2.79
A graph of time series or historical series is called:
(a) Histogram (b) Historigram (c) Frequency curve (d) Frequency polygon

MCQ No 2.80
The historigram is the graphical presentation of data which are classified:
(a) Geographically (b) Numerically (c) Qualitatively (d) According to time

MCQ No 2.81
Historigram and histogram are:
(a) Always same (b) Not same (c) Off and on same (d) Randomly same

MCQ No 2.82
A distribution in which the observations are concentrated at one end of the distribution is called a:
(a) Symmetric distribution (b) Normal distribution
(c) Skewed distribution (d) Uniform distribution

MCQ No 2.83
For graphic presentation of a frequency distribution, the paper to be used is:
(a) Carbon paper (b) Ordinary paper (c) Graph paper (d) Butter paper

MCQ No 2.84
Histogram can be drawn only for:
(a) Discrete frequency distribution (b) Continuous frequency distribution
(c) Cumulative frequency distribution (d) Relative frequency distribution

MCQ No 2.85
Histogram is a graph of:
(a) Frequency distribution (b) Time series (c) Qualitative data (d) Ogive

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MCQ No 2.86
Histogram and frequency polygon are two graphical representations of:
(a) Frequency distribution (b) Class boundaries (c) Class intervals (d) Class marks

MCQ No 2.87
Frequency polygon can be drawn with the help of:
(a) Historigram (b) Histogram (c) Circle (d) Percentage

MCQ No 2.88
In a cumulative frequency polygon, the cumulative frequency of each class is plotted against:
(a) Mid-point (b) Lower class boundary (c) Upper class boundary (d) Upper class limit

MCQ No 2.89
The graph of the cumulative frequency distribution is called:
(a) Histogram (b) Frequency polygon (c) Pictogram (d) Ogive

MCQ No 2.90
When successive mid-points in a histogram are connected by straight lines, the graph is called a:
(a) Historigram (b) Ogive (c) Frequency curve (d) Frequency polygon

MCQ No 2.91
A frequency polygon is a closed figure which is:
(a) One sided (b) Two sided (c) Three sided (d) Many sided

MCQ No 2.92
Ogive curve can be occurred for the distribution of:
(a) Less than type (b) More than type (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) and (b)

MCQ No 2.93
The word ogive is also used for:
(a) Frequency polygon (b) Cumulative frequency polygon
(c) Frequency curve (d) Histogram

MCQ No 2.94
Cumulative frequency polygon can be used for the calculation of:
(a) Mean (b) Median (c) Mode (d) Geometric mean

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MCQ’S OF MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

MCQ No 3.1
Any measure indicating the centre of a set of data, arranged in an increasing or decreasing order of
magnitude, is called a measure of:
(a) Skewness (b) Symmetry (c) Central tendency (d) Dispersion

MCQ No 3.2
Scores that differ greatly from the measures of central tendency are called:
(a) Raw scores (b) The best scores (c) Extreme scores (d) Z-scores

MCQ No 3.3
The measure of central tendency listed below is:
(a) The raw score (b) The mean (c) The range (d) Standard deviation

MCQ No 3.4
The total of all the observations divided by the number of observations is called:
(a) Arithmetic mean (b) Geometric mean (c) Median (d) Harmonic mean

MCQ No 3.5
While computing the arithmetic mean of a frequency distribution, the each value of a class is
considered equal to:
(a) Class mark (b) Lower limit (c) Upper limit (d) Lower class boundary

MCQ No 3.6
Change of origin and scale is used for calculation of the:
(a) Arithmetic mean (b) Geometric mean
(c) Weighted mean (d) Lower and upper quartiles

MCQ No 3.7
The sample mean is a:
(a) Parameter (b) Statistic (c) Variable (d) Constant

MCQ No 3.8
The population mean µ is called:
(a) Discrete variable (b) Continuous variable (c) Parameter (d) Sampling unit

MCQ No 3.9
The arithmetic mean is highly affected by:
(a) Moderate values (b) Extremely small values
(c) Odd values (d) Extremely large values

MCQ No 3.10
The sample mean is calculated by the formula:

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MCQ No 3.11
If a constant value is added to every observation of data, then arithmetic mean is obtained
by:
(a) Subtracting the constant (b) Adding the constant
(c) Multiplying the constant (d) Dividing the constant

MCQ No 3.12
Which of the following statements is always true?
(a) The mean has an effect on extreme scores (b) The median has an effect on extreme scores
(c) Extreme scores have an effect on the mean (d) Extreme scores have an effect on the median

MCQ No 3.13
The elimination of extreme scores at the bottom of the set has the effect of:
(a) Lowering the mean (b) Raising the mean (c) No effect (d) None of the above

MCQ No 3.14
The elimination of extreme scores at the top of the set has the effect of:
(a) Lowering the mean (b) Raising the mean (c) No effect (d) Difficult to tell

MCQ No 3.15
The sum of deviations taken from mean is:
(a) Always equal to zero (b) Some times equal to zero
(c) Never equal to zero (d) Less than zero

MCQ No 3.16
If = 25, which of the following will be minimum:
(a) ∑(X – 27)2 (b) ∑(X – 25)2 (c) ∑(X – 22)2 (d) ∑(X + 25)2

MCQ No 3.17
The sum of the squares fo the deviations about mean is:
(a) Zero (b) Maximum (c) Minimum (d) All of the above

MCQ No 3.18

(a) 10 (b) 50 (c) 60 (d) 100

MCQ No 3.19
For a certain distribution, if ∑(X -20) = 25, ∑(X- 25) =0, and ∑(X-35) = -25, then is
equal to:
(a) 20 (b) 25 (c) -25 (d) 35

MCQ No 3.20
The sum of the squares of the deviations of the values of a variable is least when the deviations are
measured from:
(a) Harmonic mean (b) Geometric mean (c) Median (d) Arithmetic mean

MCQ No 3.21
If X1, X2, X3, ... Xn, be n observations having arithmetic mean and if Y =4X ± 2, then is
equal to:
(a) 4X (b) 4 (c) 4 ± 2 (d) 4 ± 2

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MCQ No 3.22
If =100 and Y=2X – 200, then mean of Y values will be:
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 100 (d) 200

MCQ No 3.23
Step deviation method or coding method is used for computation of the:
(a) Arithmetic mean (b) Geometric mean (c) Weighted mean (d) Harmonic mean

MCQ No 3.24
If the arithmetic mean of 20 values is 10, then sum of these 20 values is:
(a) 10 (b) 20 (c) 200 (d) 20 + 10

MCQ No 3.25
Ten families have an average of 2 boys. How many boys do they have together?
(a) 2 (b) 10 (c) 12 (d) 20

MCQ No 3.26
If the arithmetic mean of the two numbers X1 and X2 is 5 if X1=3, then X2 is:
(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) 10

MCQ No 3.27
Given X1=20 and X2= -20. The arithmetic mean will be:
(a) Zero (b) Infinity (c) Impossible (d) Difficult to tell

MCQ No 3.28
The mean of 10 observations is 10. All the observations are increased by 10%. The mean of increased
observations will be:
(a) 10 (b) 1.1 (c) 10.1 (d) 11

MCQ No 3.29
The frequency distribution of the hourly wage rate of 60 employees of a paper mill is as follows:
Wage rate (Rs.) 54----56 56----58 58----60 60----62 62----64
Number of workers 10 10 20 10 10
The mean wage rate is:
(a) Rs. 58.60 (b) Rs. 59.00 (c) Rs. 57.60 (d) Rs. 57.10

MCQ No 3.30
The sample mean of first n natural numbers is:
(a) n(n+ 1) / 2 (b) (n+ 1) / 2 (c) n/2 (d) (n+ 1) / 2

MCQ No 3.31
The mean of first 2n natural numbers is:

MCQ No 3.32
The sum of deviations is zero when deviations are taken from:
(a) Mean (b) Median (c) Mode (d) Geometric mean

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MCQ No 3.33
When the values in a series are not of equal importance, we calculate the:
(a) Arithmetic mean (b) Geometric mean (c) Weighted mean (d) Mode

MCQ No 3.34
When all the values in a series occur the equal number of times, then it is not possible to calculate the:
(a) Arithmetic mean (b) Geometric mean (c) Harmonic mean (d) Weighted mean

MCQ No 3.35
The mean for a set of data obtained by assigning each data value a weight that reflects its relative
importance within the set, is called:
(a) Geometric mean (b) Harmonic mean (c) Weighted mean (d) Combined mean

MCQ No 3.36
If 1, 2, 3, ... , k be the arithmetic means of k distributions with respective frequencies n1, n2, n3, ... ,
nk, then the mean of the whole distribution c is given by:
(a) ∑ / ∑n (b) ∑n / ∑ (c) ∑n / ∑n (d) ∑(n+ ) / ∑n

MCQ No 3.37
The combined arithmetic mean is calculated by the formula:

MCQ No 3.38
The arithmetic mean of 10 items is 4 and the arithmetic mean of 5 items is 10. The combined arithmetic
mean is:
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 90

MCQ No 3.39
The midpoint of the values after they have been ordered from the smallest to the largest or the largest
to the smallest is called:
(a) Mean (b) Median (c) Lower quartile (d) Upper quartile

MCQ No 3.40
The first step in calculating the median of a discrete variable is to determine the:
(a) Cumulative frequencies (b) Relative weights
(c) Relative frequencies (d) Array

MCQ No 3.41
The suitable average for qualitative data is:
(a) Mean (b) Median (c) Mode (d) Geometric mean

MCQ No 3.42
Extreme scores will have the following effect on the median of an examination:
(a) They may have no effect on it (b) They may tend to raise it
(c) They may tend to lower it (d) None of the above

MCQ No 3.43
We must arrange the data before calculating:
(a) Mean (b) Median (c) Mode (d) Geometric mean

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MCQ No 3.44
If the smallest observation in a data is decreased, the average which is not affected is:
(a) Mode (b) Median (c) Mean (d) Harmonic mean

MCQ No 3.45
If the data contains an extreme value, the suitable average is:
(a) Mean (b) Median (c) Weighted mean (d) Geometric mean

MCQ No 3.46
Sum of absolute deviations of the values is least when deviations are taken from:
(a) Mean (b) Mode (c) Median (d) Q3

MCQ No 3.47
The frequency distribution of the hourly wages rate of 100 employees of a paper mill is as follows:
Wage rate (Rs.) 54----56 56----58 58----60 60----62 62----64
Number of workers 20 20 20 20 20
The median wage rate is:
(a) Rs.55 (b) Rs.57 (c) Rs.56 (d) Rs.59

MCQ No 3.48
The values of the variate that divide a set of data into four equal parts after arranging the observations in
ascending order of magnitude are called:
(a) Quartiles (b) Deciles (c) Percentiles (d) Difficult to tell

MCQ No 3.49
The lower and upper quartiles of a symmetrical distribution are 40 and 60 respectively. The value of
median is:
(a) 40 (b) 50 (c) 60 (d) (60 – 40) / 2

MCQ No 3.50
If in a discrete series 75% values are less than 30, then:
(a) Q3 < 75 (b) Q3 < 30 (c) Q3 = 30 (d) Q3 > 30

MCQ No 3.51
If in a discrete series 75% values are greater than 50, then:
(a) Q1 = 50 (b) Q1 < 50 (c) Q1 > 50 (d) Q1 ≠ 50

MCQ No 3.52
If in a discrete series 25% values are greater than 75, then:
(a) Q1 > 75 (b) Q1 = 75 (c) Q3 = 75 (d) Q3 > 75

MCQ No 3.53
If in a discrete series 40% values are less than 40, then :
(a) D4 ≠ 40 (b) D4 < 40 (c) D4 > 40 (d) D4 = 40

MCQ No 3.54
If in a discrete series 15% values are greater than 40, then:
(a) P15 = 70 (b) P85 = 15 (c) P85 = 70 (d) P70 = 70

MCQ No 3.55
The middle value of an ordered series is called:
(a) Median (b) 5th decile (c) 50th percentile (d) All the above

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MCQ No 3.56
If in a discrete series 50% values are less than 50, then:
(a) Q2 = 50 (b) D5 = 50 (c) P50 = 50 (d) All of the above

MCQ No 3.57
The mode or model value of the distribution is that value of the variate for which frequency is:
(a) Minimum (b) Maximum (c) Odd number (d) Even number

MCQ No 3.58
Suitable average for averaging the shoe sizes for children is:
(a) Mean (b) Mode (c) Median (d) Geometric mean

MCQ No 3.59
Extreme scores on an examination have the following effect on the mode:
(a) They tend to raise it (b) they tend to lower it
(c) They have no effect on it (d) difficult to tell

MCQ No 3.60
A measurement that corresponds to largest frequency in a set of data is called:
(a) Mean (b) Median (c) Mode (d) Percentile

MCQ No 3.61
Which of the following average cannot be calculated for the observations 2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 6, 8, 8, 10, 10 ?
(a) Mean (b) Median (c) Mode (d) All of the above

MCQ No 3.62
Mode of the series 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 3, 3, 8, 10 is:
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) No mode

MCQ No 3.63
A distribution with two modes is called:
(a) Unimodel (b) Bimodal (c) Multimodal (d) Normal

MCQ No 3.64
The model letter of the word “STATISTICS” is:
(a) S (b) T (c) Both S and I (d) Both S and T

MCQ No 3.65
The mode for the following frequency distribution is:
Weekly sales of burner units 0 1 2 3 Over 3
Number of weeks 38 6 5 1 0
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) No mode

MCQ No 3.66
Which of the following statements is always correct?
(a) Mean = Median = Mode (b) Arithmetic mean = Geometric mean = Harmonic mean
(c) Median = Q2 = D5 = P50 (d) Mode = 2Median - 3Mean

MCQ No 3.67
In a moderately symmetrical series, the arithmetic mean, median and mode are related as:
(a) Mean - Mode = 3(Mean - Median) (b) Mean - Median = 2(Median - Mode)
(c) Median - Mode = (Mean - Median) / 2 (d) Mode – Median = 2Mean – 2Median

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MCQ No 3.68
In a moderately skewed distribution, mean is equal to!
(a) (3Median - Mode) / 2 (b) (2Mean + Mode) / 3
(c) 3Median – 2Mean (d) 3Median - Mode

MCQ No 3.69
In a moderately asymmetrical distribution, the value of median is given by:
(a) 3Median + 2Mean (b) 2Mean + Mode
(c) (2Mean + Mode) / 3 (d) (3Median - Mode) / 2

MCQ No 3.70
For moderately skewed distribution, the value of mode is calculated as:
(a) 2Mean – 3Median (b) 3Median – 2Mean
(c) 2Mean + Mode (d) 3Median - Mode

MCQ No 3.71
In a moderately skewed distribution, Mean = 45 and Median = 30, then the value of mode is:
(a) 0 (b) 30 (c) 45 (d) 180

MCQ No 3.72
If for any frequency distribution, the median is 10 and the mode is 30, then approximate value of mean is
equal to:
(a) 0 (b) 10 (c) 30 (d) 60

MCQ No 3.73
In a moderately asymmetrical distribution, the value of mean and mode is 15 and 18 respectively. The value of
median will be:
(a) 48 (b) 18 (c) 16 (d) 15

MCQ No 3.74

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 1/2 (d) 1/3

MCQ No 3.75
Which of the following is correct in a positively skewed distribution?
(a) Mean = Median = Mode (b) Mean < Median < Mode
(c) Mean > Median > Mode (d) Mean + Median + Mode

MCQ No 3.76
If the values of mean, median and mode coincide in a unimodel distribution, then the distribution will
be:
(a) Skewed to the left (b) Skewed to the right (c) Multimodal (d) Symmetrical

MCQ No 3.77
A curve that tails off to the right end is called:
(a) Positively skewed (b) Negatively skewed (c) Symmetrical (d) Both (b) and (c)

MCQ No 3.78
The sum of the deviations taken from mean is:
(a) Always equal to zero (b) Some times equal to zero
(c) Never equal to zero (d) Less than zero

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MCQ No 3.79
If a set of data has one mode and its value is less than mean, then the distribution is called:
(a) Positively skewed (b) Negatively skewed (c) Symmetrical (d) Normal

MCQ No 3.80
Taking the relevant root of the product of all non-zero and positive values are called:
(a) Arithmetic mean (b) Geometric mean (c) Harmonic mean (d) Combined mean

MCQ No 3.81
The best average in percentage rates and ratios is:
(a) Arithmetic mean (b) Lower and upper quartiles
(c) Geometric mean (d) Harmonic mean

MCQ No 3.82
The suitable average for computing average percentage increase in population is:
(a) Geometric mean (b) Harmonic mean (c) Combined mean (d) Population mean

MCQ No 3.83
If 10% is added to each value of variable, the geometric mean of new variable is added by:
(a) 10 (b) 1/100 (c) 10% (d) 1.1

MCQ No 3.84
If each observation of a variable X is increased by 20%, then geometric mean is also increased by:
(a) 20 (b) 1/20 (c) 20% (d) 100%

MCQ No 3.85
If any value in a series is negative, then we cannot calculate the:
(a) Mean (d) Median (c) Geometric mean (d) Harmonic mean

MCQ No 3.86
Geometric mean for X1 andX2 is:

MCQ No 3.87
Geometric mean of 2, 4, 8 is:
(a) 6 (b) 4 (c) 14/3 (d) 8

MCQ No 3.88
Geometric mean is suitable when the values are given as:
(a) Proportions (b) Ratios (c) Percentage rates (d) All of the above

MCQ No 3.89
If the geometric of the two numbers X1 and X2 is 9 if X1=3, then X2 is equal to:
(a) 3 (b) 9 (c) 27 (d) 81

MCQ No 3.90
If the two observations are a = 2 and b = -2, then their geometric mean will be:
(a) Zero (b) Infinity (c) Impossible (d) Negative

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MCQ No 3.91
Geometric mean of -4, -2 and 8 is:
(a) 4 (b) 0 (c) -2 (d) Impossible

MCQ No 3.92
The ratio among the number of items and the sum of reciprocals of items is called:
(a) Arithmetic mean (b) Geometric mean (c) Harmonic mean (d) Mode

MCQ No 3.93
Harmonic mean for X1 and X2 is:

MCQ No 3.94
The appropriate average for calculating the average speed of a journey is:
(a) Median (b) Arithmetic mean (c) Mode (d) Harmonic mean

MCQ No 3.95
Harmonic mean gives less weightage to:
(a) Small values (b) Large values (c) Positive values (d) Negative values

MCQ No 3.96
The harmonic mean of the values 5, 9, 11, 0, 17, 13 is:
(a) 9.5 (b) 6.2 (c) 0 (d) Impossible

MCQ No 3.97
If the harmonic mean of the two numbers X1 and X2 is 6.4 if X2=16, then X1 is:
(a) 4 (b) 10 (c) 16 (d) 20

MCQ No 3.98
If a = 5 and b = -5, then their harmonic mean is:
(a) -5 (b) 5 (c) 0 (d) ∞

MCQ No 3.99
For an open-end frequency distribution, it is not possible to find:
(a) Arithmetic mean (b) Geometric mean (c) Harmonic mean (d) All of the above

MCQ No 3.100
If all the items in a variable are non zero and non negative then:
(a) A.M > G.M > H.M (b) G.M > A.M > H.M (c) H.M > G.M > A.M (d) A.M < G.M < H.M

MCQ No 3.101
The geometric mean of a set of positive numbers X 1, X2, X3, ... , Xn is less than or equal to their
arithmetic mean but is greater than or equal to their:
(a) Harmonic mean (b) Median (c) Mode (d) Lower and upper quartiles

MCQ No 3.102
Geometric mean and harmonic mean for the values 3, -11, 0, 63, -14, 100 are:
(a) 0 and 3 (b) 3 and -3 (c) 0 and 0 (d) Impossible

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MCQ No 3.103
If the arithmetic mean and harmonic mean of two positive numbers are 4 and 16, then their
geometric mean will be:
(a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 16 (d) 64

MCQ No 3.104
The arithmetic mean and geometric mean of two observations are 4 and 8 respectively, then harmonic
mean of these two observations is:
(a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 16 (d) 32

MCQ No 3.105
The geometric mean and harmonic mean of two values are. 8 and 16 respectively, then arithmetic
mean of values is:
(a) 4 (b) 16 (c) 24 (d) 128

MCQ No 3.106
Which pair of averages cannot be calculated when one of numbers in the series is zero?
(a) Geometric mean and Median (b) Harmonic mean and Mode
(c) Simple mean and Weighted mean (d) Geometric mean and Harmonic mean

MCQ No 3.107
In a given data the average which has the least value is:
(a) Mean (b) Median (c) Harmonic mean (d) Geometric mean

MCQ No 3.108
If all the values in a series are same, then:
(a) A.M = G.M = H.M (b) A.M ≠ G.M ≠ H.M (c) A.M > G.M > H.M (d) A.M < G.M < H.M

MCQ No 3.109
The averages are affected by change of:
(a) Origin (b) Scale (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of the above

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MCQ’s of Measures of Dispersion

MCQ No 4.1
The scatter in a series of values about the average is called:
(a) Central tendency (b) Dispersion (c) Skewness (d) Symmetry

MCQ No 4.2
The measurements of spread or scatter of the individual values around the central point is called:
(a) Measures of dispersion (b) Measures of central tendency
(c) Measures of skewness (d) Measures of kurtosis

MCQ No 4.3
The measures used to calculate the variation present among the observations in the unit of the variable is
called:
(a) Relative measures of dispersion (b) Coefficient of skewness
(c) Absolute measures of dispersion (d) Coefficient of variation

MCQ No 4.4
The measures used to calculate the variation present among the observations relative to their average is
called:
(a) Coefficient of kurtosis (b) Absolute measures of dispersion
(c) Quartile deviation (d) Relative measures of dispersion

MCQ No 4.5
The degree to which numerical data tend to spread about an average value called:
(a) Constant (b) Flatness (c) Variation (d) Skewness

MCQ No 4.6
The measures of dispersion can never be:
(a) Positive (b) Zero (c) Negative (d) Equal to 2

MCQ No 4.7
If all the scores on examination cluster around the mean, the dispersion is said to be:
(a) Small (b) Large (c) Normal (d) Symmetrical

MCQ No 4.8
If there are many extreme scores on all examination, the dispersion is:
(a) Large (b) Small (c) Normal (d) Symmetric

MCQ No 4.9
Given below the four sets of observations. Which set has the minimum variation?
(a) 46, 48, 50, 52, 54 (b) 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 (c) 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 (d) 48, 49, 50, 51, 52

MCQ No 4.10
Which of the following is an absolute measure of dispersion?
(a) Coefficient of variation (b) Coefficient of dispersion
(c) Standard deviation (d) Coefficient of skewness

MCQ No 4.11
The measure of dispersion which uses only two observations is called:
(a) Mean (b) Median (c) Range (d) Coefficient of variation

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MCQ No 4.12
The measure of dispersion which uses only two observations is called:
(a) Range (b) Quartile deviation (c) Mean deviation (d) Standard deviation

MCQ No 4.13
In quality control of manufactured items, the most common measure of dispersion is:
(a) Range (b) Average deviation (c) Standard deviation (d) Quartile deviation

MCQ No 4.14
The range of the scores 29, 3, 143, 27, 99 is:
(a) 140 (b) 143 (c) 146 (d) 70

MCQ No 4.15
If the observations of a variable X are, -4, -20, -30, -44 and -36, then the value of the range will be:
(a) -48 (b) 40 (c) -40 (d) 48

MCQ No 4.16
The range of the values -5, -8, -10, 0, 6, 10 is:
(a) 0 (b) 10 (c) -10 (d) 20

MCQ No 4.17
If Y = aX ± b, where a and b are any two numbers and a ≠ 0, then the range of Y values will be:
(a) Range(X) (b) a range(X) + b (c) a range(X) – b (d) |a| range(X)

MCQ No 4.18
If the maximum value in a series is 25 and its range is 15, the maximum value of the series is:
(a) 10 (b) 15 (c) 25 (d) 35

MCQ No 4.19
Half of the difference between upper and lower quartiles is called:
(a) Interquartile range (b) Quartile deviation (c) Mean deviation (d) Standard deviation

MCQ No 4.20
If Q3=20 and Q1=10, the coefficient of quartile deviation is:
(a) 3 (b) 1/3 (c) 2/3 (d) 1

MCQ No 4.21
Which measure of dispersion can be computed in case of open-end classes?
(a) Standard deviation (b) Range (c) Quartile deviation (d) Coefficient of variation

MCQ No 4.22
If Y = aX ± b, where a and b are any two constants and a ≠ 0, then the quartile deviation of Y values is
equal to:
(a) a Q.D(X) + b (b) |a| Q.D(X) (c) Q.D(X) – b (d) |b| Q.D(X)

MCQ No 4.23
The sum of absolute deviations is minimum if these deviations are taken from the:
(a) Mean (b) Mode (c) Median (d) Upper quartile

MCQ No 4.24
The mean deviation is minimum when deviations are taken from:
(a) Mean (b) Mode (c) Median (d) Zero

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MCQ No 4.25
If Y = aX ± b, where a and b are any two numbers but a ≠ 0, then M.D(Y) is equal to:
(a) M.D(X) (b) M.D(X) ± b (c) |a| M.D(X) (d) M.D(Y) + M.D(X)

MCQ No 4.26
The mean deviation of the scores 12, 15, 18 is:
(a) 6 (b) 0 (c) 3 (d) 2

MCQ No 4.27
Mean deviation computed from a set of data is always:
(a) Negative (b) Equal to standard deviation
(c) More than standard deviation (d) Less than standard deviation

MCQ No 4.28
The average of squared deviations from mean is called:
(a) Mean deviation (b) Variance (c) Standard deviation (d) Coefficient of variation

MCQ No 4.29
The sum of squares of the deviations is minimum, when deviations are taken from:
(a) Mean (b) Mode (c) Median (d) Zero

MCQ No 4.30
Which of the following measures of dispersion is expressed in the same units as the units of observation?
(a) Variance (b) Standard deviation
(c) Coefficient of variation (d) Coefficient of standard deviation

MCQ No 4.31
Which measure of dispersion has a different unit other than the unit of measurement of values:
(a) Range (b) Standard deviation (c) Variance (d) Mean deviation

MCQ No 4.32
Which of the following is a unit free quantity:
(a) Range (b) Standard deviation (c) Coefficient of variation (d) Arithmetic mean

MCQ No 4.33
If the dispersion is small, the standard deviation is:
(a) Large (b) Zero (c) Small (d) Negative

MCQ No 4.34
The value of standard deviation changes by a change of:
(a) Origin (b) Scale (c) Algebraic signs (d) None

MCQ No 4.35
The standard deviation one distribution dividedly the mean of the distribution and expressing in
percentage is called:
(a) Coefficient of Standard deviation (b) Coefficient of skewness
(c) Coefficient of quartile deviation (d) Coefficient of variation

MCQ No 4.36
The positive square root of the mean of the squares of the cleviations of observations from their mean is
called:
(a) Variance (b) Range (c) Standard deviation (d) Coefficient of variation

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MCQ No 4.37
The variance is zero only if all observations are the:
(a) Different (b) Square (c) Square root (d) Same

MCQ No 4.38
The standard deviation is independent of:
(a) Change of origin (b) Change of scale of measurement
(c) Change of origin and scale of measurement (d) Difficult to tell

MCQ No 4.39
If there are ten values each equal to 10, then standard deviation of these values is:
(a) 100 (b) 20 (c) 10 (d) 0

MCQ No 4.40
If X and Y are independent random variables, then S.D(X ± Y) is equal to:
(a) S.D(X) ± S.D(Y) (b) Var(X) ± Var(Y) (c) (d)

MCQ No 4.41
S.D(X) = 6 and S.D(Y) = 8. If X and Yare independent random variables, then S.D(X-Y) is:
(a) 2 (b) 10 (c) 14 (d) 100

MCQ No 4.42
For two independent variables X and Y if S.D(X) = 1 and S.D(Y) = 3, then Var(3X - Y) is equal to:
(a) 0 (b) 6 (c) 18 (b) 12

MCQ No 4.43
If Y = aX ± b, where a and b are any two constants and a ≠ 0, then Vat (Y) is equal to:
(a) a Var(X) (b) a Var(X) + b (c) a2 Var(X) – b (d) a2 Var(X)

MCQ No 4.44
If Y = aX + b, where a and b are any two numbers but a ≠ 0, then S.D(Y) is equal to:
(a) S.D(X) (b) a S.D(X) (c) |a| S.D(X) (d) a S.D(X) + b

MCQ No 4.45
The ratio of the standard deviation to the arithmetic mean expressed as a percentage is called:
(a) Coefficient of standard deviation (b) Coefficient of skewness
(c) Coefficient of kurtosis (d) Coefficient of variation

MCQ No 4.46
Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) The standard deviation of a constant is equal to unity
(b) The sum of absolute deviations is minimum if these deviations are taken from the mean.
(c) The second moment about origin equals variance
(d) The variance is positive quantity and is expressed in square of the units of the observations

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MCQ No 4.47
Which of the following statements is false?
(a) The standard deviation is independent of change of origin
(b) If the moment coefficient of kurtosis β2 = 3, the distribution is mesokurtic or normal.
(c) If the frequency curve has the same shape on both sides of the centre line which divides the curve into
two equal parts, is called a symmetrical distribution.
(d) Variance of the sum or difference of any two variables is equal to the sum of their respective
variances

MCQ No 4.48
If Var(X) = 25, then is equal to:
(a) 15/2 (b) 50 (c) 25 (d) 5

MCQ No 4.49
To compare the variation of two or more than two series, we use
(a) Combined standard deviation (b) Corrected standard deviation
(c) Coefficient of variation (d) Coefficient of skewness

MCQ No 4.50
The standard deviation of -5, -5, -5, -5, 5 is:
(a) -5 (b) +5 (c) 0 (d) -25

MCQ No 4.51
Standard deviation is always calculated from:
(a) Mean (b) Median (c) Mode (d) Lower quartile

MCQ No 4.52
The mean of an examination is 69, the median is 68, the mode is 67, and the standard deviation is 3.
The measures of variation for this examination is:
(a) 67 (b) 68 (c) 69 (d) 3

MCQ No 4.53
The variance of 19, 21, 23, 25 and 27 is 8. The variance of 14, 16, 18, 20 and 22 is:
(a) Greater than 8 (b) 8 (c) Less than 8 (d) 8 - 5 = 3

MCQ No 4.54
In a set of observations the variance is 50. All the observations are increased by 100%. The variance of
the increased observations will become:
(a) 50 (b) 200 (c) 100 (d) No change

MCQ No 4.55
Three factories A, B, C have 100, 200 and 300 workers respectively. The mean of the wages is the same
in the three factories. Which of the following statements is true?
(a) There is greater variation in factory C.
(b) Standard deviation in. factory A is the smallest.
(c) Standard deviation in all the three factories are equal
(d) None of the above

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MCQ No 4.56
An automobile manufacturer obtains data concerning the sales of six of its deals in the last week of
1996. The results indicate the standard deviation of their sales equals 6 autos. If this is so, the variance of
their sales equals:
(a) (b) 6 (c) (d) 36

MCQ No 4.57
If standard deviation of the values 2, 4, 6, 8 is 2.236, then standard deviation of the values 4, 8,12, 16 is:
(a) 0 (b) 4.472 (c) 4.236 (d) 2.236

MCQ No 4.58
Var(X) = 4 and Var(Y) =9. If X and Y are independent random variable then Var(2X + Y) is:
(a) 13 (b) 17 (c) 25 (d) -1

MCQ No 4.59
If = Rs.20, S= Rs.10, then coefficient of variation is:
(a) 45% (b) 50% (c) 60% (d) 65%

MCQ No 4.60
Which of the following measures of dispersion is independent of the units employed?
(a) Coefficient of variation (b) Quartile deviation
(c) Standard deviation (d) Range

MCQ No 4.61
In sheppard’s correction µ2 is equal to:

MCQ No 4.62
The moments about mean are called:
(a) Raw moments (b) Central moments (c) Moments about origin (d) All of the above

MCQ No 4.63
The moments about origin are called:
(a) Moments about zero (b) Raw moments (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) nor (b)

MCQ No 4.64
All odd order moments about mean in a symmetrical distribution are:
(a) Positive (b) Negative (c) Zero (d) Three

MCQ No 4.65
The second moment about arithmetic mean is 16, the standard deviation will be:
(a) 16 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 0

MCQ No 4.66
The first and second moments about arbitrary constant are -2 and 13 respectively, The standard deviation will
be:
(a) -2 (b) 3 (c) 9 (d) 13

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MCQ No 4.67
Moment ratios β1 and β2 are:
(a) Independent of origin and scale of measurement
(b) Expressed in original unit of the data
(c) Unit less quantities
(d) Both (a) and (c)

MCQ No 4.68
The first moment about X = 0 of a distribution is 12.08. The mean is:
(a) 10.80 (b) 10.08 (c) 12.08 (d) 12.88

MCQ No 4.69
First two moments about the value 2 of a variable are 1 and 16. The variance will be:
(a) 13 (b) 15 (c) 16 (d) Difficult to tell

MCQ No 4.70
The first three moments of a distribution about the mean are 1, 4 and 0. The distribution is:
(a) Symmetrical (b) Skewed to the left (c) Skewed to the right (d) Normal

MCQ No 4.71
If the third central is negative, the distribution will be:
(a) Symmetrical (b) Positively skewed (c) Negatively skewed (d) Normal

MCQ No 4.72
If the third moment about mean is zero, then the distribution is:
(a) Positively skewed (b) Negatively skewed (c) Symmetrical (d) Mesokurtic

MCQ No 4.73
Departure from symmetry is called:
(a) Second moment (b) Kurtosis (c) Skewness (d) Variation

MCQ No 4.74
In a symmetrical distribution, the coefficient of skewness will be:
(a) 0 (b) Q1 (c) Q3 (d) 1

MCQ No 4.75
The lack of uniformity or symmetry is called:
(a) Skewness (b) Dispersion (c) Kurtosis (d) Standard deviation

MCQ No 4.76
For a positively skewed distribution, mean is always:
(a) Less than the median (b) Less than the mode
(c) Greater than the mode (d) Difficult to tell

MCQ No 4.77
For a symmetrical distribution:
(a) β1 > 0 (b) β1 < 0 (c) β1 = 0 (d) β1 = 3

MCQ No 4.78
If mean=50, mode=40 and standard deviation=5, the distribution is:
(a) Positively skewed (b) Negatively skewed (c) Symmetrical (d) Difficult to tell

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MCQ No 4.79
If mean=25, median=30 and standard deviation=15, the distribution will be:
(a) Symmetrical (b) Positively skewed (c) Negatively skewed (d) Normal

MCQ No 4.80
If mean=20, median=16 and standard deviation=2, then coefficient of skewness is:
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) -2

MCQ No 4.81
If mean=10, median=8 and standard deviation=6, then coefficient of skewness is:
(a) 1 (b) -1 (c) 2/6 (d) 2

MCQ No 4.82
If the sum of deviations from median is not zero, then a distribution will be:
(a) Symmetrical (b) Skewed (c) Normal (d) All of the above

MCQ No 4.83
In case of positively skewed distribution, the extreme values lie in the:
(a) Middle (b) Left tail (c) Right tail (d) Anywhere

MCQ No 4.84
Bowley's coefficient of skewness lies between:
(a) 0 and 1 (b) 1 and +1 (c) -1 and 0 (d) -2 and +2

MCQ No 4.85
In a symmetrical distribution, Q3 – Q1 = 20, median = 15. Q3 is equal to:
(a) 5 (b) 15 (c) 20 (d) 25

MCQ No 4.86
Which of the following is correct in a negatively skewed distribution?
(a) The arithmetic mean is greater than the mode
(b) The arithmetic mean is greater than the median
(c) (Q3 – Median) = (Median – Q1)
(d) (Q3 – Median) < (Median – Q1)

MCQ No 4.87
The lower and upper quartiles of a distribution are 80 and 120 respectively, while median is 100. The
shape of the distribution is:
(a) Positively skewed (b) Negatively skewed (c) Symmetrical (d) Normal

MCQ No 4.88
In a symmetrical distribution Q1 = 20 and median= 30. The value of Q3 is:
(a) 50 (b) 35 (c) 40 (d) 25

MCQ No 4.89
The degree of peaked ness or flatness of a unimodel distribution is called:
(a) Skewness (b) Symmetry (c) Dispersion (d) Kurtosis

MCQ No 4.90
For a leptokurtic distribution, the relation between second and fourth central moment is:

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MCQ No 4.91
For a platydurtic distribution, the relation between and is:

MCQ No 4.92
For a mesokurtic distribution, the relation between fourth and second mean moment is:

MCQ No 4.93
The second and fourth moments about mean are 4 and 48 respectively, then the distribution is:
(a) Leptokurtic (b) Platykurtic (c) Mesokurtic or normal (d) Positively skewed

MCQ No 4.94
In a mesokurtic or normal distribution, µ 4 = 243. The standard deviation is:
(a) 81 (b) 27 (c) 9 (d) 3

MCQ No 4.95
The value of β2 can be:
(a) Less than 3 (b) Greater than 3 (c) Equal to 3 (d) All of the above

MCQ No 4.96
In a normal (mesokurtic) distribution:
(a) β1=0 and β2=3 (b) β1=3 and β2=0 (c) β1=0 and β2>3 (d) β1=0 and β2<3

MCQ No 4.97
Any frequency distribution, the following empirical relation holds:
(a) Quartile deviation = Standard deviation
(b) Mean deviation = Standard deviation
(c) Standard deviation = Mean deviation = Quartile deviation
(d) All of the above

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MCQ INDEX NUMBERS

MCQ No 5.1
An index number is called a simple index when it is computed from:
(a) Single variable (b) Bi-variable (c) Multiple variables (d) None of them

MCQ No 5.2
Index numbers are expressed in:
(a) Ratios (b) Squares (c) Percentages (d) Combinations

MCQ No 5.3
If all the values are of equal importance, the index numbers are called:
(a) Weighted (b) Unweighted (c) Composite (d) Value index

MCQ No 5.4
Index numbers can be used for:
(a) Forecasting (b) Fixed prices (c) Different prices (d) Constant prices

MCQ No 5.5
Index for base period is always taken as:
(a) 100 (b) One (c) 200 (d) Zero

MCQ No 5.6
When the prices of rice are to be compared, we compute:
(a) Volume index (b) Value index (c) Price index (d) Aggregative index

MCQ No 5.7
When index number is calculated for several variables, it is called:
(a) Composite index (b) Whole sale price index (c) Volume index (d) Simple index

MCQ No 5.8
How many types are used for the calculation of index numbers:
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5

MCQ No 5.9
In chain base method, the base period is:
(a) Fixed (b) Not fixed (c) Constant (d) Zero

MCQ No 5.10
Which formula is used in chain indices?

MCQ No 5.11
Price relatives are a percentage ratio of current year price and:
(a) Base year quantity (b) Previous year quantity (c) Base year price (d) Current year quantity

MCQ No 5.12
Indices calculated by the chain base method are free from:
(a) Seasonal variations (b) Errors (c) Percentages (d) Ratios

MCQ No 5.13
The chain base indices are not suitable for:
(a) Long range comparisons (b) Short range comparisons (c) Percentages (d) Ratios

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MCQ No 5.14
An index number that can serve many purposes is called:
(a) General purpose index (b) Special purpose index
(c) Cost of living index (d) None of them

MCQ No 5.15
Another name of consumer's price index number is:
(a) Whole-sale price index number (b) Cost of living index
(c) Sensitive (d) Composite

MCQ No 5.16
Consumer price index indicates:
(a) Rise (b) Fall (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) and (b)

MCQ No 5.17
Purchasing power of money can be accessed through:
(a) Simple index (b) Fisher’s index (c) Consumer price index (d) Volume index

MCQ No 5.18
Cost of living at two different cities can be compared with the help of:
(a) Value index (b) Consumer price index (c) Volume index (d) Un-weighted index

MCQ No 5.19
Consumer price index numbers are obtained by:
(a) Laspeyre's formula (b) Fisher ideal formula
(c) Marshall Edgeworth formula (d) Paasche's formula

MCQ No 5.20
Laspeyre's index = 110, Paasche's index = 108, then Fisher's Ideal index is equal to:
(a) 110 (b) 108 (c) 100 (d) 109

MCQ No 5.21
Most commonly used index number is:
(a) Volume index number (b) Value index number
(c) Price index number (d) Simple index number

MCQ No 5.22
For consumer price index, price quotations are collected from:
(a) Fair price shops (b) Government depots (c) Retailers (d) Whole-sale dealers

MCQ No 5.23
Price relatives computed by chain base method are called:
(a) Price relatives (b) Chain indices (c) Link relatives (d) None of them

MCQ No 5.24
Consumer price index are obtained by:
(a) Paasche's formula (b) Fisher's ideal formula
(c) Marshall Edgeworth formula (d) Family budget method formula

MCQ No 5.25
The aggregative expenditure method and family budget method always give:
(a) Different results (b) Approximate results (c) Same results (d) None of them

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MCQ No 5.26
In fixed base method, the base period should be:
(a) For away (b) Abnormal (c) Unreliable (d) Normal

MCQ No 5.27
If all the values are not of equal importance the index number is called:
(a) Simple (b) Unweighted (c) Weighted (d) None

MCQ No 5.28
Which of the following formula satisfy the time reversal test?

MCQ No 5.29
When the price of a year is. divided by the price of a particular year we get:
(a) Simple relative (b) Link relative (c) (a) and (b) both (d) None of them

MCQ No 5.30
When the price of a divided by the price of the preceding year, we, get:
(a) Value index (b) Link relative (c) Simple relative (d) None of them

MCQ No 5.31
The most appropriate average in averaging the price relatives is:
(a) Median (b) Harmonic mean (c) Arithmetic mean (d) Geometric mean

MCQ No 5.32
In constructing index number geometric mean relatives are:
(a) Non-reversible (b) Reciprocal (c) Reversible (d) None of them

MCQ No 5.33
The general purchasing power of the currency of a country is determined by:
(a) Retail price index (b) Volume index (c) Composite index (d) Whole-sale price index

MCQ No 5.34
What type of index number can help the government to formulate its price policies and to take
appropriate economic measures to control prices:
(a) Whole sale price index (b) Consumer's price (c) Quantity (d) None of them

MCQ No 5.35
The most suitable average in chain base method is:
(a) Arithmetic mean (b) Median (c) Mode (d) Geometric mean

MCQ No 5.36
Base year quantities weights are used in:
(a) Laspeyre's method (b) Paasche's method (c) Fisher's ideal method (d) Difficult to tell

MCQ No 5.37
Chain process is used to make comparisons of price index numbers in:
(a) Price relative (b) Link relative (c) Simple relative (d) None of the above

MCQ No 5.38
In the computation of consumer price index numbers, we use:
(a) Aggregate expenditure method (b) Family budget method
(c) Chain base method (d) Both (a) and (b)

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MCQ No 5.39
The Federal Bureau of Statistics prepares:
(a) The wholesale price index (b) The consumer price index
(c) The sensitive price indicator (d) All of the above

MCQ No 5.40
While computing a weighted index, the current period quantities are used in the:
(a) Laspeyre's method· (b) Paasche's method
(c) Marshall Edgeworth method (d) Fisher's ideal method

MCQ No 5.41
The best method to measure the relative change in prices of commodities is:
(a) Quantity index number (b) Value index number
(c) Volume index number (d) Price index number

MCQ No 5.42
When the base year values are used as weights, the weighted average of relatives price index
number is the same as the:
(a) Laspeyre's index (b) Paasche's index (c) Simple aggregative index (d) Quantity index

MCQ No 5.43
To measure the relative change in purchasing a specified basket of goods and services between two
periods for a certain locality for fixed income group of people, we can use:
(a) Consumer price index (b) Paasche's price index (c) Cost of living index (d) Both (a) and (c)

MCQ No 5.44
Fisher's ideal index number is the geometric mean of the:
(a) Laspeyre's and Marshall Edgeworth indices
(b) Laspeyre's and Paasche's indices
(c) Paasche's and Marshal Edgeworth indices (d) all of the above
(d) All of the above

MCQ No 5.45
A number that measures a relative change in a single variable with respect to abase.is called:
(a) Good index number (b) Composite index number
(c) Simple index number (d) Quantity index number

MCQ No 5.46
A number that measures an average relative change in a group of related variables with respect to
A base is called:
(a) Simple index number (b) Composite index number
(c) Price index number (d) Quantity index number

MCQ No 5.47
An index number constructed to measure the relative change in the price of an item or a group of
items is called:
(a) Quantity index number (b) Price index number (c) Volume index number (d) Difficult to tell

MCQ No 5.48
When relative change is measured for a fixed period, it is called:
(a) Chain base method (b) Fixed base method
(c) Simple aggregative method (d) Cost of living Index method

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MCQ No 5.49
The ratio of a sum of prices ill current period to the sum of prices ill the base period, expressed as a
percentage is called:
(a) Simple price index number
(b) Simple aggregative price index number
(c) Weighted aggregative price index number
(d) Quantity index number

MCQ No 5.50
An index that measures the average relative change in group of variables keeping in view the relative
importance of the variables is called:
(a) Simple index number (b) Composite index number
(c) Weighted index number (d) Price index number

MCQ No 5.51
Link relative of current year is equal to:

MCQ No 5.52
Simple average of relatives is equal to:

MCQ No 5.53
Paasche's price index number is also called:
(a) Base year weighted (b) Current year weighted
(c) Simple aggregative index (d) Consumer price index

MCQ No 5.54
Laspeyre's price index number is also called:
(a) Base year weighted (b) Current year weighted
(c) Cost of living index (d) Simple aggregative index

MCQ No 5.55
Index number having downward bias is:
(a) Laspeyre's index (b) Paasche’s index
(c) Fisher's ideal index (d) Marshall Edgeworth index

MCQ No 5.56
Index number having upward bias is:
(a) Laspeyre's index (b) Paasche's index (c) Fisher's ideal index (d) Marshal Edgworth index

MCQ No 5.57
Marshall Edgeworth price index was proposed by:
(a) One English economist (b) Two English economist
(c) Three English economist (d) Many English economist
MCQ No 5.58
Index number calculated by Fisher's formula is ideal because it satisfy:
(a) Circular test (b) Factor reversal test (c) Time reversal test (d) All of the above
MCQ No 5.59
The test which is lot obeyed by any of the weighted index numbers unless the weights are constant:
(a) Circular test (b) Time reversal test (c) Factor reversal test (d) None of them

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MCQPROBABILITY
MCQ 6.1
When the possible outcomes of an experiment are equally likely to occur, this we apply:
(a) Relative probability (b) Subjective probability
(c) Conditional probability (d) Classical probability

MCQ 6.2
A number between 0 and 1 that is use to measure uncertainty is called:
(a) Random variable (b) Trial (c) Simple event (d) Probability

MCQ 6.3
Probability lies between:
(a) -1 and +1 (b) 0 and 1 (c) 0 and n (d) 0 and ∞

MCQ 6.4
Probability can be expressed as:
(a) Ration (b) Fraction (c) Percentage (d) All of the above

MCQ 6.5
The probability based on the concept of relative frequency is called:
(a) Empirical probability (b) Statistical probability (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) nor (b)

MCQ 6.6
The probability of an event cannot be:
(a) Equal to zero (b) Greater than zero (c) Equal to one (d) Less than zero

MCQ 6.7
A measure of the chance that an uncertain event will occur:
(a) An experiment (b) An event (c) A probability (d) A trial

MCQ 6.8
A graphical device used to list all possibilities of a sequence of outcomes in systematic way is
called:
(a) Probability histogram (b) Venn diagram (c) Pie diagram (d) Tree diagram

MCQ 6.9
A random experiment contains:
(a) At least one outcome (b) At least two outcomes
(c) At most one outcome (d) At most two outcomes

MCQ 6.10
The probability of all possible outcomes of a random experiment is always equal to:
(a) One (b) Zero (c) Infinity (d) All of the above

MCQ 6.11
The outcome of tossing a coin is a:
(a) Mutually exclusive event (b) Compound event (c) Certain event (d) Simple event

MCQ 6.12
The result of no interest of an experiment is called:
(a) Constant (b) Event (c) Failure (d) Success

MCQ 6.13
A set of all possible outcomes of an experiment is called:
(a) Combination (b) Sample point (c) Sample space (d) Compound event

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MCQ 6.14
The numbers of counting rules that are useful in determining the number of outcomes in an
experiment are:
(a) One (d) Two (c) Three (d) Four

MCQ 6.15
The events having no experimental outcomes in common is called:
(a) Equally likely events (b) Exhaustive events
(c) Mutually exclusive events (d) Independent events

MCQ 6.16
A set of outcomes formed after some additional information is called:
(a) Sample space (b) Reduced sample space (c) Null set (d) Random experiment

MCQ 6.17
The probability associated with the reduced sample space is called:
(a) Conditional probability (b) Statistical probability
(c) Mathematical probability (d) Subjective probability

MCQ 6.18
An arrangement of objects without regard to order is called:
(a) Permutation (b) Combination (c) Random experiment (d) Sample point

MCQ 6.19
The number of permutations of a set of n things, taken r at a time with n 2 r given by:

MCQ 6.20
If three candidates are selected to attend a course from the ten candidates, the number of ways of selecting
the candidates is an example of:
(a) Combination (b) Permutation (c) Reduced sample space (d) Both (a) and (b)

MCQ 6.21
When each outcome of a sample space is as likely to occur as any other, the outcomes are called:
(a) Exhaustive (b) Mutually exclusive (c) Equally likely (d) Not mutually exclusive

MCQ 6.22
If A is any event in S and its complement, then P( ) is equal to:
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 1- A (d) 1 - P(A)

MCQ 6.23
When certainty is involved in a situation, its probability is equal to:
(a) Zero (b) Between -l and + 1 (c) Between 0 and 1 (d) One

MCQ 6.24
Which of the following cannot be taken as probability of an event?
(a) 0 (b) 0.5 (c) 1 (d) -1

MCQ 6.25
If an event contains more than one sample points, it is called a:
(a) Simple event (b) Compound event (c) Impossible event (d) Certain event

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MCQ 6.26
When the occurrence of one event has no effect on the probability of the occurrence of another
event, the events are called:
(a) Independent (b) Dependent (c) Mutually exclusive (d) Equally likely

MCQ 6.27
A particular result of an experiment is called:
(a) Trial (b) Simple event (c) Compound event (d) Outcome

MCQ 6.28
A collection of one or more outcomes of an experiment is called:
(a) Event (b) Outcome (c) Sample point (d) None of the above

MCQ 6.29
A process that leads to the occurrence of one and only one of several possible observations is
called:
(a) Random experiment (c) Random variable (c) Experiment (d) Probability distribution

MCQ 6.30
Which statement is false?
(a) The classical definition applies when there are n equally likely outcomes to an experiment
(b) The empirical definition occurs when number of times an event happen is divided by the number
of observations.
(c) A subjective probability is based on whatever information is available
(d) The general rule of addition is used when the events are mutually exclusive

MCQ 6.31
The term 'sample space' is used for:
(a) All possible outcomes (b) All possible coins (c) Probability (d) Sample

MCQ 6.32
The term 'event' is used for:
(a) Time (b) A sub-set of the sample space
(c) Probability (d) Total number of outcomes.

MCQ 6.33
The six faces of the die are called equally likely if the die is:
(a) Small (b) Fair (c) Six-faced (d) Round

MCQ 6.34
If we toss a coin and P(H) = 2P(T), then probability of head is equal to:
(a) 0 (b) 1/2 (c) 1/3 (d) 2/3

MCQ 6.35
A letter is chosen at random from the word "Statistics". The probability of getting a vowel is:
(a) 1/10 (b) 2/10 (c) 3/10 (d) 4/10

MCQ 6.36
An arrangement in which the order of the objects selected from a specific pool of objects is important
called:
(a) Combination (b) Permutation (c) Factorial (d) Sample space

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MCQ 6.37
Two books are to be selected at random without replacement out of four books. Then number of possible
selections are:
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 6 (d) 3

MCQ 6.38
Three books of different colours are to be arranged in a book-shelf. The possible arrangements are:
(a) 3 (b) 1 (c) 6 (d) 2

MCQ 6.39
If a sample S = {1, 2}, the number of all possible sub-sets are:
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 4

MCQ 6.40
When a die and a coin are rolled together, all possible outcomes are:
(a) 6 (b) 2 (c) 36 (d) 12

MCQ 6.41
When two coins are tossed, the possible outcomes are:
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d) None of them

MCQ 6.42
If three coins are tossed, the possible outcomes are:
(a) 8 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) None of them

MCQ 6.43
If n coins are tossed, the possible outcomes are:
(a) n (b) 2 (c) 2n (d) All of them

MCQ 6.44
If two dice are roiled, the possible outcomes are:
(a) 6 (b) 36 (c) 1 (d) Difficult to answer

MCQ 6.45
When n dice are rolled, the possible outcomes are:
(a) 6n (b) 6 (c) 1 (d) 18

MCQ 6.46
When one card is selected at random from a pack of 52 playing cards, the possible selections are:
(a) 104 (b) 52 (c) 520 (d) 2704

MCQ 6.47
Two cards are selected at random with replacement from a pack of 52 playing cards. The possible
outcomes are:
(a) 52 x 52 (b) 52 (c) 1326 (d) 2

MCQ 6.48
A bag contains 4 white and 2 black balls of the same size and weight, and two balls are selected at
random without replacement, the possible selections are:
(a) 6 (b) 4 (c) 36 (d) 15

MCQ 6.49
Two balls are selected at random with replacement from a bag containing 3 red, 3 black and 2 green
balls. The possible outcomes are:
(a) 8 (b) 64 (c) 16 (d) 2

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MCQ 6.50
Five cards are selected at random from a pack of 52 cards with replacement. The possible
combinations are:
(a) 52 (b) (52)5 (c) 52 x 52 (d) (5)52

MCQ 6.51
The digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 are the roll numbers of 5 students. These roll numbers are written on the paper
slips and two paper slips are selected at random without replacement. The possible combinations are:
(a) 5 (b) 2 (c) 25 (d) 10

MCQ 6.52
Which is the impossible event when a die is rolled:
(a) 2 or 3 (b) 5 or 6 (c) 1 (d) 0 or 7

MCQ 6.53
The probability of drawing any one spade card is:
(a) 1/13 (b) 1/4 (c) 4/13 (d) 1/52

MCQ 6.54
A balance die is rolled, the probability of getting an odd number is:
(a) 1/2 (b) 1/4 (c) 1/6 (d) 1/36

MCQ 6.55
Two fair dice are rolled. The probability of throwing an odd sum is:
(a) 1 (b) 1/2 (c) 1/6 (d) 1/36

MCQ 6.56
Given P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.5 and P(A⋃B)=0.9,then:
(a) A and B are not mutually exclusive events (b) A and B are equally likely events
(c) A and Bare independent events (d) A and B are mutually exclusive events

MCQ 6.57
If P(B/A) = 0.50 and P(A⋂B) = 0.40, then p(A) will be equal to:
(a) 0.40 (b) 0.50 (c) 0.80 (d) 1

MCQ 6.58
Which of the following statements is incorrect:
⋃ ⋂ ⋃ ⋂
⋂ ⋃ ⋂ ⋃

MCQ 6.59
If P(A/B) = P(A) and P(B/A)=P(B), then A and B are:
(a) Mutually exclusive (b) Dependent (c) Equally likely (d) Independent

MCQ 6.60
A fair coin is tossed 100 times, the expected number of heads is:
(a) 100 (b) 50 (c) 30 (d) 60

MCQ 6.61
When two dice are rolled, the maximum total on the two faces of the dice will be:
(a) 6 (b) 36 (c) 12 (d) 2

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MCQ 6.62
A random sample of 200 random digits is selected from a random number table. Expected number of
zeros in the sample is:
(a) Zero (b) 10 (c) 20 (d) 5

MCQ 6.63
Six digits are selected at random again and again from a random number table and the even digits are
counted each time. In most of the cases, the number of even digits will be:
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 6

MCQ 6.64
Two events A and B are called mutually exclusive if:
(a) A⋃B = Φ (b) A⋂B = Φ (c) A⋂B = S (d) A⋂B = 1

MCQ 6.65
If A and B are two mutually exclusive events, then:
(a) P(A⋂B) = 0 (b) P(A⋂B) = 1 (c) P(A⋃B) = 0 (d) P(A⋂B) = S

MCQ 6.66
When A and B are two non-empty and mutually exclusive events, then:
(a) P(A⋃B) = P(A).P(B) (b) P(A⋃B) = P(A) + P(B)
(c) P(A⋂B) = P(A).P(B) (d) P(A⋂B) = P(A)+P(B)

MCQ 6.67
The two events A and B are called not mutually exclusive events if:
(a) A⋂B = Φ (b) A⋂B ≠ Φ (c) A⋃B = Φ (d) A⋂B = zero

MCQ 6.68
If A and B are disjoint events then the statement which is always true is:
(a) P(A/B) = 0 (b) P(A⋃B) = 0 (c) P(A⋂B) = 1 (d) P(A) = P(B)

MCQ 6.69
The events A, B and C are called exhaustive events if:
(a) A⋃B⋃C = S (b) A⋂B⋂C = S (c) A⋃B⋃C = Φ (d) A⋃B⋃C = Zero

MCQ 6.70
If A and B are not-mutually exclusive events, then:
(a) P(A⋃B) + P(A⋂B) = P(A) + P(B) (b) P(A⋃B) = P(A) + P(B)
(c) P(A⋃B) = P(A).P(B) (d) P(A⋂B) = P(A) + P(B)

MCQ 6.71
If an event is the complement of the event A, then:
(a) A⋃ = S (b) A⋂ = S (c) A⋃ = Φ (d) P(A) = P( )

MCQ 6.72
If A1, A2, A3, ..., Ak are k mutually exclusive events, then:
(a) P(A1⋃A2⋃A3⋃ ...⋃Ak ) = P(A1)+P(A2)+P(A3)+...+ P(Ak)
(b) P(A1⋃A2⋃A3⋃ ...⋃Ak ) > 1
(c) P(A1⋂A2⋂A3⋂ ...⋂Ak ) = 1
(d) P(A1⋂A2⋂A3⋂ ...⋂Ak ) = P(A1⋃A2⋃A3⋃ ...⋃Ak )

MCQ 6.73
If A is an empty set and B is a non-empty set then:
(a) A⋂B = S (b) A⋂B = B (c) A⋃B = B (d) P(A) = P(B)

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MCQ 6.74
If A is an empty set and S is the sample space then:
(a) P(A⋃S) = P(S) (b) P(A⋃S) = P(Φ) (c) P(A⋂S) = 1 (d) P(A⋃S) = Zero

MCQ 6.75
If A and B are independent events, then:
(a) P(A⋃B) = P(A).P(B) (b) P(A⋂B) = P(A).P(B)
(c) P(A⋂B) = P(A)+P(B) (d) P(A) = P(B)

MCQ 6.76
If A and B are two independent events, then:
(a) P(A/B) = P(A) (b) P(A) = P(B) (c) P(A) < P(B) (d) P(A/B) = P(B/A)

MCQ 6.77
A and B are two independent events. Which one of these equations is false?
(a) P(A⋂ ) = P(A)P( ) (b) P( ⋂ ) = P( ⋂ )
(c) P( ⋂ ) = P( )P( ) (d) P(A⋃B) = P(A)P(B)

MCQ 6.78
The conditional probability of the event A when event B has occurred is denoted by:
(a) P(A + B) (b) P(A - B) (c) P(A/B) (d) P( )

MCQ 6.79
If A and B are any two events, then P(A/B)+P( /B) is equal to:
(a) 0 (b) 0.25 (c) 0.5 (d) 1

MCQ 6.80
If A is an arbitrary event, then P(A/A) is equal to :
(a) Zero (b) One (c) Infinity (d) Less than one

MCQ 6.81
If A and B are any two events, then P( /B) is equal to:
(a) P(A/B) (b) 1- P(A/B) (c) 1+ P(A/B) (d) P( ⋂B)

MCQ 6.82
If A and B are any two events, then P(A⋃ ):
(a) 1+P(A⋂B) (b) 1-P(A⋃B) (c) 1- P(A⋂B) (d) P(A)+P(B)

MCQ 6.83
If A and B are any two events, then P( ⋂ ):
(a) 1-P(A⋃B) (b) 1-P(A⋂B) (c) 1-P( ⋂B) (d) 1-P(A⋂ )

MCQ 6.84
Which of the following statements is correct?
⋂ ⋃ ⋂ ⋃ ⋂ ⋃ ⋂ ⋂ ⋂ ⋃
⋂ ⋂ ⋃ ⋃ ⋂ ⋂ ⋃ ⋂

MCQ 6.85
If A and B are two mutually exclusive and exhaustive events and P(A)=2P(B), then P(B) is equal to:
(a) 1/2 (b) 2/3 (c) 1/3 (d) 1/4

MCQ 6.86
Two coins are tossed. Probability of getting head on the first coin is:
(a) 2/4 (a) 1 (c) Zero (d) 4

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MCQ 6.87
A die and a coin are tossed together. Probability of getting head on the coin is:
(a) 6/12 (b) 6 (c) 12 (d) Zero

MCQ 6.88
A fair die is rolled. Probability of getting even face given that face is less than 5 is given by:
(a) 1/2 (b) 5 (c) 2 (d) 6

MCQ 6.89
Two coins are tossed. The probability that both faces will be matching given by:
(a) 1/4 (b) 1/2 (c) 1 (d) Zero

MCQ 6.90
Two coins are tossed. Probability of getting two heads given that there is at least one head is given
by:
(a) 1/2 (b) 1/3 (c) 1/4 (d) 2/3

MCQ 6.91
A fair die is rolled. Probability of getting more than4 or less than 3 is given by:
(a) 2/3 (b) 1/3 (c) 1/2 (d) 4/3

MCQ 6.92
74. A fair die is rolled. Probability of getting even face or face more than 4 is:
(a) 1/3 (b) 2/3 (c) 1/2 (d) 5/6

MCQ 6.93
Two dice are rolled. Probability of getting similar faces is:
(a) 5/36 (b) 1/6 (c) 1/3 (d) 1/2

MCQ 6.94
Two dice are rolled. Probability of getting total less than 4 or total more than 10 is given by:
(a) 10/36 (c) 4/36 (c) 1/36 (d) 14/36

MCQ 6.95
Two dice are rolled. Probability of getting a total of 4 given that both-faces are similar is:
(a) 5/36 (b) 1/36 (c) 4/36 (d) 1/6

MCQ 6.96
If A and B are two not-independent events, then the probability that both A and B will happen
together is:
(a) P(A⋂B) = P(A)P(B/A) (b) P(A⋂B) = P(A)P(B)
(c) P(A⋂B) = P(A)+P(B) (d) P(A⋂B) = P(A)

MCQ 6.97
If A and B are two dependent events, then:
(a) P(A) P(B/A) = P(B)P(A/B) (b) P(A/B) = P(B/A)
(c) P(A/B) = P(A) (d) P(A) = P(B)

MCQ 6.98
Which one is true?

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MCQ 6.99

(a) 1/5 (b) 2/5 (c) 3/5 (d) 1

MCQ 6.100

(a) 7/10 (b) 1/10 (c) 3/10 (d) 1

MCQ 6.101
Given P(A)=2/3, P(B)=3/8 and PAB)=1/4, then A and B are:
(a) Independent (b) Dependent (c) Mutually exclusive (d) Equally likely

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MCQ NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

MCQ 10.1
The range of normal distribution is:
(a) 0 to n (b) 0 to ∞ (c) -1 to +1 (d) -∞ to +∞

MCQ 10.2
In normal distribution:
(a) Mean = Median = Mode (b) Mean < Median < Mode
(c) Mean> Median > Mode (d) Mean ≠ Median ≠ Mode

MCQ 10.3
Which of the following is true for the normal curve:
(a) Symmetrical (b) Unimodel (c) Bell-shaped (d) All of the above

MCQ 10.4
In a normal curve, the ordinate is highest at:
(a) Mean (b) Variance (b) Standard deviation (d) Q1

MCQ 10.5
The parameters of the normal distribution are:
(a) µ and σ2 (b) µ and σ (c) np and nq (d) n and p

MCQ 10.6
The shape of the normal curve depends upon the value of:
(a) Standard deviation (b) Q1 (c) Mean deviation (d) Quartile deviation

MCQ 10.7
The normal distribution is a proper probability distribution of a continuous random variable, the total area
under the curve f(x) is:
(a) Equal to one (b) Less than one (c) More than one (d) Between -1 and +1

MCQ 10.8
In a normal probability distribution of a continuous random variable, the value of standard deviation is:
(a) Zero (b) Less than zero (c) Greater than zero (d) None of the above

MCQ 10.9
In a normal curve, the highest point on the curve occurs at the mean, µ, which is also the:
(a) Median and mode (b) Geometric mean and harmonic mean
(c) Lower and upper quartiles (d) Variance and standard deviation

MCQ 10.10
The normal curve is symmetrical and for symmetrical distribution, the values of all odd order moments
about mean will always be:
(a) 1 (b) 0.5 (c) 0.25 (d) 0

MCQ 10.11
If , the points of inflection of normal distribution are:
(a) (b) (c) (d)

MCQ 10.12
In normal probability distribution for a continuous random variable, the value of a mean deviation is
approximately equal to:
(a) 2/3 (b) 2/3 σ (c) 4/5 (d) 4/5 σ

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MCQ 10.13
In a normal distribution whose mean is land standard deviation 0, the value 4 quartile deviation is
approximately:
(a) 4/5 (b) 4/5 σ (c) 2/3 σ (d) 2/3

MCQ 10.14
In a normal distribution, the lower and upper quartiles are equidistant from the mean and are at a distance of:
(a) 0.7979 (b) 0.7979 σ (c) 0.6745 (d) 0.6745 σ

MCQ 10.15
The value of e is approximately equal to:
(a) 2.7183 (b) 2.1783 (c) 2.8173 (d) 2.1416

MCQ 10.16
The value of π is approximately equal to:
(a) 3.4116 (b) 3.1416 (c) 3.1614 (d) 3.6416

MCQ 10.17
If , the standard normal variate is distributed as:
(a) (b) (c) (d)

MCQ 10.18
The coefficient of skewness of a normal distribution is:
(a) Positive (b) Negative (c) Zero (d) Three

MCQ 10.19
The total area of the normal probability density function is equal to:
(a) 0 (b) 0.5 (c) 1 (d) 0.25

MCQ 10.20
In a standard normal distribution, the value of mode is:
(a) Equal to zero (b) Less than zero (c) Greater than zero (d) Exactly one

MCQ 10.21
The normal probability density function curve is symmetrical about the mean, µ, i.e. the area to the right of
the mean is the same as the area to the left of the mean. This means that P(X<µ) =P(X>µ) is equal to:
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 0.5 (d) 0.25

MCQ 10.22
The skewness and kurtosis of the normal distribution are respectively:
(a) Zero and zero (b) Zero and one (c) One and zero (d) One and one

MCQ 10.23
In a normal curve µ ± 0.6745σ covers:
(a) 50% area (b) 68.27% area (c) 95.45% area (d) 99.73% area

MCQ 10.24
The lower and upper quartiles for a standardized normal variate are respectively:
(a) -0.6745σ and 0.6745σ (b) -0.6745 σ and 0.6745
(c) 0.7979σ and 0.7979σ (d) -0.7979 and 0.7979

MCQ 10.25
The maximum ordinate of a normal curve is at:
(a) X = µ (b) X = µ + σ (c) X = µ - 2σ (d) X = σ2

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MCQ 10.26
The value of the standard deviation σ of a normal distribution is always:
(a) Equal to zero (b) Greater than zero (c) Less than zero (d) Equal to 0.5

MCQ 10.27
If X~N(100, 64), then standard deviation σ is:
(a) 100 (b) 64 (c) 8 (d) 100 - 64 = 36

MCQ 10.28
If , the coefficient of variation is equal to:
(a) Zero (b) One (c) Infinity (d) Hundred percent

MCQ 10.29
The points of inflection of the standard normal distribution lie at:
(a) -1 and 0 (b) 0 and 1 (c) -1 and +1 (d) µ and σ

MCQ 10.30
If , then µ 4 is equal to:
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) σ4

MCQ 10.31
The value of second moment about the mean in a normal distribution is 5. The fourth moment about
the mean in the distribution is:
(a) 5 (b) 15 (c) 25 (d) 75

MCQ 10.32
If X is a normal random variable having mean µ, then E|X - µ| is equal to:
(a) Variance (b) Standard deviation (c) Quartile deviation (d) Mean deviation

MCQ 10.33
If X is a normal random variable having mean µ, then E(X - µ)2 is equal to:
(a) σ2 (b) σ (c) 3σ4 (d) β1

MCQ 10.34
Which of the following is possible in normal distribution?
(a) σ < 0 (b) σ = 0 (c) σ > 0 (d) σ > n

MCQ 10.35
The range of standard normal distribution is:
(a) 0 to n (b) 0 to ∞ (c) 0 to k (d) -∞ to +∞

MCQ 10.36
In the normal distribution, the value of the maximum ordinate is equal to:

MCQ 10.37
The value of the ordinate at points of inflection of the normal curve is equal to:

MCQ 10.38
If , then β2 is equal to:
(a) 0 (b) 3 (c) 3σ4 (d) σ2

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MCQ 10.39
Pearson’s constants for a normal distribution with mean µ and variance σ2 are:
(a) β1=0, β2=0, γ1=0, γ2=0 (b) β1=0, β2=1, γ1=1, γ2=3
(c) β1=0, β2=3, γ1=0, γ2=0 (d) β1=3, β2=0, γ1=0, γ2=0

MCQ 10.40
The value of maximum ordinate in standard normal distribution is equal to:

MCQ 10.41
A random variable X is normally distributed with µ = 70 and σ2 = 25. The third moment about arithmetic
mean is:
(a) Zero (b) Less than zero (c) Greater than zero (d) None of the above

MCQ 10.42
For the standard normal distribution, P(Z > mean) is:
(a) More than 0.5 (b) Less than 0.5 (c) Equal to 0.5 (d) Difficult to tell

MCQ 10.43
Given a standardized normal distribution (with a mean of zero and a standard' deviation of one),
P(Z < variance) is equal to:
(a) 0.8413 (b) 0.3413 (c) 0.1587 (d) 0.5000

MCQ 10.44
The area to the left of (µ+σ) for a normal distribution is approximately equal to:
(a) 0.16 (b) 0.34 (c) 0.50 (d) 0.84

MCQ 10.45
The median of a normal distribution corresponds to a value of Z is:
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 0.5 (d) -0.5

MCQ 10. 46
The mean and standard deviation of the standard normal distribution a respectively:
(a) 0 and 1 (b) 1 and 0 (c) µ and σ2 (d) π and e

MCQ 10.47
In a standard normal distribution, the area to the left of Z = 1 is:
(a) 0.6413 (b) 0.7413 (c) 0.8413 (d) 0.3413

MCQ 10.48
The semi-inter quartile range for a standard normal random variable Z is:
(a) 0.6745 (b) 0.6745 σ (c) 0.7979 (d) 0.7979 σ

MCQ 10.49
If , then µ 4 is equal to:
(a) 3 (b) 3 σ (c) 3 σ2 (d) 3 σ4

MCQ 10.50
If , then β2 is equal to:
(a) 0 (b) 3 (c) 3 σ4 (d) σ4/3

MCQ 10.51
P(µ-σ < X < µ+σ) is equal to:
(a) 0.5000 (b) 0.6827 (c) 0.9545 (b) 0.9973

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MCQ 10.52
In a normal curve µ ± 2σ covers:
(a) 50% area (b) 68.27% area (c) 95.45% area (d) 99.73% area

MCQ 10.53
In X is N(µ, σ2), the percentage of the area contained within the limits µ ± 3σ:
(a) 50% (b) 68.27% (c) 95.45% (d) 99.73%

MCQ 10.54
Most of the area under the normal curve with parameters µ and σ lies between:
(a) µ - 0.5σ and µ + 0.5σ (b) µ - σ and µ + σ
(c) µ - 2σ and µ + 2σ (d) µ - 3σ and µ + 3σ

MCQ 10.55
The probability density function of the standard normal distribution is:

MCQ 10.56
The equation of the normal frequency distribution is:

MCQ 10.57
If X is N(µ,σ2) and if Y =a + bX, then mean and variance of Y are respectively:
(a) µ and σ2 (b) a + µ and bσ2 (c) a + bµ and σ2 (d) a + bµ and b2σ2

MCQ 10.58
For a normal distribution with mean µ and standard deviation σ:
(a) Approximately 5% of values are outside the range (µ - 2σ) to (µ + 2σ)
(b) Approximately 5% of values are greater than (µ + 2σ)
(c) Approximately 5% of values are outside the range (µ - σ) to (µ + σ)
(d) Approximately 5% of values are less than (µ - 3σ)

MCQ 10.59
The normal probability distribution with mean np and variance npq may used to approximate the
binomial distribution if n ≥ 50 and both np and nq are:
(a) Greater than 5 (b) Less than 5 (c) Equal to 5 (d) Difficult to tell

MCQ 10.60
In a normal distribution Q1 = 20 and Q3 = 40, then mean is equal to:
(a) 20 (b) 30 (a) 40 (b) 60

MCQ 10.61
If Z is a standard normal variate, then P(-1.645 ≤ Z ≤ +1.645) is equal to:
(a) 0.90 (b) 0.95 (c) 0.98 (d) 0.99

MCQ 10.62
If Z is a standard normal variate, then P(-2.33 ≤ Z ≤ +2.33) is equal to:
(a) 0.4901 (b) 0.6827 (c) 0.9545 (d) 0.9802

MCQ 10.63
If Z is a standard normal variate, then P(- 2.575 ≤ Z ≤ +2.575) is equal to:
(a) 0.9951 (b) 0.99 (c) 0.4951 (d) 0.4949

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MCQ 10.64
If Z is a standard normal variate, then P[ IZI< 1.96] is equal to:
(a) 0.0250 (b) 0.4750 (c) 0.95 (d) 0.9750

MCQ 10.65
For a normal distribution with µ = 10, σ = 2, the probability of a value greater than 10 is:
(a) 0.1915 (b) 0.3085 (c) 0.6915 (d) 0.5000

MCQ 10.66
Given a random variable X which is normally distributed with a mean and variance both equal to 100.
The value of mean deviation is approximately equal to:
(a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 8.5 (d) 9

MCQ 10.67
If X is a normal variate with mean 50 and standard deviation 3. The value of quartile
deviation is approximately equal to:
(a) 1 (b) 1.5 (c) 2 (d) 2.5

MCQ 10.68
In a normal distribution mean is 100 and standard deviation is 10. The values of points of inflection
are:
(a) 100 and 110 (b) 80 and 120 (c) 90 and 110 (d) None of the above

MCQ 10.69
If X is a normal variate with mean 20 and variance 16. The respective values of β1 and β2 are:
(a) 0 and 3 (b) 3 and 1 (c) 0.5 and 1 (d) 3 and 3

MCQ 10.70
If X is N(100; 5), the fourth central moment is:
(a) 65 (b) 75 (c) 85 (d) 100

MCQ 10.71
A normal distribution has the mean µ =200. If 70 percent of the area under the curve lies to the left
of 220, the area to the right of 220 is:
(a) 0.3 (b) 0.5 (c) 0.2 (d) 0.7

MCQ 10.72
Given a normal distribution with µ = 100 and σ2 = 100, the area to the left of 100 is:
(a) One (b) Equal to 0.5 (c) Less than 0.5 (d) Greater than 0.5

MCQ 10.73
If a normal distribution with µ = 200 have P(X > 225) = 0.1587, then P(X < 175) equal to:
(a) 0.3413 (b) 0.8413 (c) 0.1587 (d) 0.5000

MCQ 10.74
A random variable has a normal distribution with the mean µ = 400. If 8 percent of the area under
the curve lies to the left of 500, the area between 400 and 500 is:
(a) 0.5 (b) 0.2 (c) 0.3 (d) Zero
MCQ 10.75
If Y = 5X+ 10 and X is N(10, 25), then mean of Y is:
(a) 50 (b) 60 (c) 70 (d) 135
MCQ 10.76
If X is a normal random variable with mean µ = 50 arid standard deviation σ = 7, if Y = X – 7 then standard
deviation of Y is:
(a) 7 (b) 14 (c) 0 (d) 49

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MCQ SAMPLING AND SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS

MCQ 11.1
Sample is a sub-set of:
(a) Population (b) Data (c) Set (d) Distribution

MCQ 11.2
Any population constant is called a:
(a) Statistic (b) Parameter (c) Estimate (d) Estimator

MCQ 11.3
List of all the units of the population is called:
(a) Random sampling (b) Bias (c) Sampling frame (d) Probability sampling

MCQ 11.4
Any calculation on the sampling data is called:
(a) Parameter (b) Static (c) (d) Error

MCQ 11.5
Any measure of the population is called:
(a) Finite (b) Parameter (c) Without replacement (d) Random

MCQ 11.6
If all the units of a population are surveyed, it is called:
(a) Random sample (b) Random sampling (c) Sampled population (d) Complete enumeration

MCQ 11.7
Probability distribution of a statistics is called:
(a) Sampling (b) Parameter (c) Data (d) Sampling distribution

MCQ 11.8
The difference between a statistic and the parameter is called:
(a) Probability (b) Sampling error (c) Random (d) Non-random

MCQ 11.9
The sum of the frequencies of the frequency distribution of a statistic is equal to:
(a) Sample size (b) Population size (c) Possible samples (d) Sum of X values

MCQ 11.10
Standard deviation of sampling distribution of a statistic is called:
(a) Serious error (b) Dispersion (c) Standard error (d) Difference

MCQ 11.11
If we obtain a point estimate for a population mean µ, the difference between and µ is:
(a) Standard error (b) Bias (c) Error of estimation (d) Difficult to tell

MCQ 11.12
A distribution formed by all possible values of a statistics is called
(a) Binomial distribution (b) Hypergeometric distribution
(c) Normal distribution (d) Sampling distribution

MCQ 11.13
In probability sampling, probability of selecting an item from the population is known and is:
(a) Equal to zero (b) Non zero (c) Equal to one (d) All of the above

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MCQ 11.14
A population about which we want to get some information is called:
(a) Finite population (b) Infinite population (c) Sampling population (d) Target population

MCQ 11.15
The population consists of the results of repeated trials is named as:
(a) Finite population (b) Infinite population (c) Real population (d) Hypothetical population

MCQ 11.16
A population consisting of the items which are all present physically is called:
(a) Finite population (b) Infinite population (c) Real population (d) Hypothetical population

MCQ 11.17
Study of population is called:
(a) Parameter (b) Statistic (c) Error (d) Census

MCQ 11.18
For making voters list in Pakistan we need:
(a) Sampling error (b) Standard error (c) Census (d) Simple random sampling

MCQ 11.19
Sampling based upon equal probability is called:
(a) Probability sampling (b) Systematic sampling
(c) Simple random sampling (d) Stratified random sampling

MCQ 11.20
In sampling with replacement, an element can be chosen:
(a) Less than once (b) More than once (c) Only once (d) Difficult to tell

MCQ 11.21
Standard deviation of sample mean without replacement__________ standard deviation of sample mean
with replacement:
(a) Less than (b) More than (c) 2 times (d) Equal to

MCQ 11.22
In sampling without replacement, an element can be chosen:
(a) Less than once (b) More than once (c) Only once (d) Difficult to tell

MCQ 11.23
In sampling with replacement, the following is always true:
(a) n = N (b) n < N (c) n > N (d) All of the above

MCQ 11.24
Which of the following statement is true?
(a) Standard error is always one (b) Standard error is always zero
(c) Standard error is always negative (d) Standard error is always positive

MCQ 11.25
Random sampling is also called:
(a) Probability sampling (b) Non-probability sampling (c) Sampling error (d) Random error

MCQ 11.26
Non-random sampling is also called:
(a) Biased sampling (b) Non-probability sampling (c) Random sampling (d) Representative sample

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MCQ 11.27
Sampling error can be reducing by:
(a) Non-probability sampling (b) Increasing the population
(c) Decreasing the sample size (d) Increasing the sample size

MCQ 11.28
The selection of cricket team for the world cup is called:
(a) Random sampling (b) Systematic sampling (c) Purposive sampling (d) Cluster sampling

MCQ 11.29
A complete list of all the sapling units is called:
(a) Sampling design (b) Sampling frame (c) Population frame (d) Cluster

MCQ 11.30
A Plan for obtaining a sample from a population is called:
(a) Population design (b) Sampling design (c) Sampling frame (d) Sampling distribution

MCQ 11.31
If a survey is conducted by a sampling design is called:
(a) Sample survey (b) Population survey (c) Systematic survey (d) None

MCQ 11.32
The difference between the expected value of a statistic and the value of the parameter being estimated is
called a:
(a) Sampling error (b) Non-sampling error (c) Standard error (d) Bias

MCQ 11.33
The standard deviation of any sampling distribution is called:
(a) Standard error (b) Non-sampling error (c) Type- I error (d) Type II-error

MCQ 11.34
Which of the following statement is not true?
(a) S.E( ) ≠ 0 (b) S.E( ) ≠ 1 (c) S.E( ) = -2 (d) All of the above
MCQ 11.35
The standard error increases when sample size is:
(a) Increase (b) Decrease (c) Fixed (d) More than 30
MCQ 11.36
The mean of sampling distribution of mean is equal to:
(a) (b) µ (c) p (d) None of the above
MCQ 11.37
The mean of the sample means is exactly equal to the:
(a) Sample mean (b) Population mean (c) Weighted mean (d) Combined mean
MCQ 11.38

(a) E( ) (b) µ (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of the above
MCQ 11.39
A sample which is free from bias is called:
(a) Biased (b) Unbiased (c) Positively biased (d) Negatively biased
MCQ 11.40
If E( ) = µ then bias is:
(a) Positive (b) Negative (c) Zero (d) 100%

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MCQ 11.41

(a) Unbiased sample variance (b) Population variance (c) Biased sample variance (d) All of the above
MCQ 11.42

(a) Unbiased sample variance (b) True variance (c) Biased sample variance (d) Variance of means
MCQ 11.43
The sampling procedure in which the population is first divided into homogenous groups and then a sample
is drawn from each group is called:
(a) Probability sampling (b) Simple random sampling
(c) Stratified random sampling (d) Sampling with replacement
MCQ 11.44
When a random sample is drawn from each stratum, it is known as:
(a) Simple random sampling (b) Stratified random sampling
(c) Probability sampling (d) Purposive sampling
MCQ 11.45
When the procedure of selecting the elements from the population is not based on probability is known as:
(a) Purposive sampling (b) Judgment sampling (c) Subjective sampling (d) All of the above
MCQ 11.46
Suppose a finite population has 6 items and 2 items are selected at random without replacement,
then all possible samples will be:
(a) 6 (b) 12 (c) 15 (d) 36
MCQ 11.47
Suppose a finite population contains 7 items and 3 items are selected at random without replacement, then
all possible samples will be:
(a) 21 (b) 35 (c) 14 (d) 7
MCQ 11.48
A population contain N item and all possible sample of size n are selected without replacement. The
possible number of sample will be:
(a) N (b) nN (c) NCn (d) Nn
MCQ 11.49
Suppose a finite population contains 4 items and 2 items are selected at random with replacement, then all
possible samples will be:
(a) 6 (b) 16 (c) 8 (d) 4
MCQ 11.50
A population contains 2 items and 4 items are selected at random with replacement, then all possible
samples will be:
(a) 16 (b) 8 (c) 4C2 (d) 4
MCQ 11.51
Suppose a population has N items and n items are selected with replacement. Number of all possible
samples will be:
(a) Nn (b) NCn (c) N (d) n
MCQ 11.52
In random sampling, the probability of selecting an item from the population is:
(a) Unknown (b) Known (c) Un-decided (d) One
MCQ 11.53
If N is the size of the population and n is size of the sample, then sampling fraction is:
(a) nN (b) Nn (c) n/N (d) NCn

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MCQ 11.54
The finite population correction factor is:

MCQ 11.55
In sampling with replacement, the standard error of is equal to:

MCQ 11.56

MCQ 11.57
In sampling with replacement, the standard error of sample proportion is equal to:

MCQ 11.58

MCQ 11.59
If E( ) = 10 and µ = 10 then bias is equal to:
(a) 0 (b) 10 (c) 20 (d) Difficult to tell
MCQ 11.60
If = 10 and µ = 12 then sampling error is equal to:
(a) 22 (b) 10 (c) 12 (d) 2
MCQ 11.61
The standard deviation of the distribution of sample means is equal to:

MCQ 11.62
If n = 25, = 25 and = 25, then standard error of will be:
(a) 25 (b) 5 (c) 1 (d) 0
MCQ 11.63
If E(s2) = 3 and = 2 then bias will be:
(a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
MCQ 11.64
In sampling without replacement, the standard error of sampling distribution of sample proportion is equal
to:

MCQ 11.65
When sampling is done without replacement is equal to:

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MCQ 11.66
In case of sampling with replacement is equal to:

MCQ 11.67
The distribution of the mean of sample of size 4, taken from a population with a standard deviation, has a
standard deviation of:

MCQ 11.68
In sampling with replacement is equal to:

MCQ 11.69
When sampling is done with or without replacement, E( is equal to:

MCQ 11.70
In case of sampling with replacement, Ε (S²) is equal to:

MCQ 11.71
In sampling without replacement, the expected value of is S² is equal to:

MCQ 11.72
When the sampling is done with replacement, then µS2 is equal to:

MCQ 11.73
In sampling without replacement, µs² is equal to:

MCQ 11.74
When sampling is done with or without replacement, is equal to:

MCQ 11.75
If X represent the number of units having the specified characteristic and n is the size of the sample, then
population proportion p is equal to:

MCQ 11.76
If X represents the number of units having the specified characteristic and N is the size of the population,
then population proportion p is equal to:

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MCQ INTERVAL ESTIMATION

MCQ 12.1
Estimation is possible only in case of a:
(a) Parameter (b) Sample (c) Random sample (d) Population

MCQ 12.2
Estimation is of two types:
(a) One sided and two sided (b) Type I and type II
(c) Point estimation and interval estimation (d) Biased and unbiased

MCQ 12.3
A formula or rule used for estimating the parameter is called:
(a) Estimation (b) Estimate (c) Estimator (d) Interval estimate

MCQ 12.4
A value of an estimator is called:
(a) Estimation (b) Estimate (c) Variable (d) Constant

MCQ 12.5
Estimate and estimator are:
(a) Same (b) Different (c) Maximum (d) Minimum

MCQ 12.6
The type of estimates are:
(a) Point estimate (b) Interval estimates (c) Estimation of confidence region (d) All of the above

MCQ 12.7
Estimate is the observed value of an:
(a) Unbiased estimator (b) Estimator (c) Estimation (d) Interval estimation

MCQ 12.8
The process of using sample data to estimate the values of unknown population parameter is called:
(a) Estimate (b) Estimator (c) Estimation (d) Interval estimation

MCQ 12.9
The process of making estimates about the population parameter from a sample is called:
(a) Statistical independence (b) Statistical inference
(c) Statistical hypothesis (d) Statistical decision

MCQ 12.10
Statistical inference has two branches namely:
(a) Level of confidence and degrees of freedom
(b) Biased estimator and unbiased estimator
(c) Point estimator and unbiased estimator
(d) Estimation of parameter and testing of hypothesis

MCQ 12.11
A specific value calculated from sample is called:
(a) Estimator (b) Estimate (c) Estimation (d) Bias

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MCQ 12.12
An estimator is a random variable because it varies from:
(a) Population to sample (b) Population to population (c) Sample to sample (d) Sample to
population

MCQ 12.13
Statistic is an estimator and its calculated value is called:
(a) Biased estimate (b) Estimation (c) Estimator (d) Interval estimate

MCQ 12.14
The numerical value which we determine from the sample for population parameter is called:
(a) Estimation (b) Estimate (c) Estimator (d) Confidence coefficient

MCQ 12.15
A single value used to estimate a population values is called:
(a) Interval estimate (b) Point estimate (c) Level of confidence (d) Degrees of freedom

MCQ 12.16
An interval calculated from the sample data and it is likely to contain the value of parameter with some
probability is called:
(a) Interval estimate (b) Point estimate (c) Confidence interval (d) Level of confidence

MCQ 12.17
A range of values within which the population parameter is expected to occur is called:
(a) Confidence coefficient (b) Confidence interval (c) Confidence limits (d) Level of significance

MCQ 12.18
Interval estimate is determined in terms of:
(a) Sampling error (b) Error of estimation (c) Confidence coefficient (d) Degrees of freedom

MCQ 12.19
The level of confidence is denoted by:
(a) α (b) β (c) 1 - α (d) 1 - β

MCQ 12.20
The end points of a confidence interval are called:
(a) Confidence coefficient (b) Confidence limits (c) Error of estimation (d) Parameters

MCQ 12.21
The probability associated with confidence interval is called:
(a) Level of confidence (b) Confidence coefficient (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Confidence limits

MCQ 12.22
If the mean of the estimator is not equal to the population parameter, the estimator is said to be:
(a) Unbiased (b) Biased (c) Positively biased (d) Negatively biased

MCQ 12.23
The difference between the expected value of an estimator and the value of the corresponding parameter is
called:
(a) Bias (b) Sampling error (c) Error of estimation (d) Standard error

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MCQ 12.24
Bias of an estimator can be:
(a) Negative (b) Positive (c) Zero (d) Both (a) or (b)

MCQ 12.25
If is the estimator of the parameter , then is called unbiased if:
(a) (b) (c) (d)

MCQ 12.26
Estimates given in the form of confidence intervals are called:
(a) Point estimates (b) Interval estimates (c) Confidence limits (d) Degree of freedom

MCQ 12.27
Interval estimate is associated with:
(a) Probability (b) Non-probability (c) Range of values (d) Number of parameters

MCQ 12.28
The point estimator of population mean µ is:
(a) Sample mean (b) Sample variance (c) Sample standard deviation (d) Sample size

MCQ 12.29
(1 – α) is called:
(a) Critical value (b) Level of significance (c) Level of confidence (d) Interval estimate

MCQ 12.30
If (1 – α) is increased, the width of a confidence interval is:
(a) Decreased (b) Increased (c) Constant (d) Same

MCQ 12.31
By decreasing the sample size, the confidence interval becomes:
(a) Narrower (b) Wider (c) Fixed (d) All of the above

MCQ 12.32
Confidence interval become narrow by increasing the:
(a) Sample size (b) Population size (c) Level of confidence (d) Degrees of freedom

MCQ 12.33
By increasing the sample size, the precision of confidence interval is:
(a) Increased (b) Decreased (c) Same (d) Unchanged

MCQ 12.34
A function for estimating a parameter is called as:
(a) Estimator (b) Estimate (c) Estimation (d) Level of confidence

MCQ 12.35
A sample constant representing a population parameter is known as:
(a) Estimation (b) Estimator (c) Estimate (d) Bias

MCQ 12.36
The distance between an estimate and the estimated parameter is called:
(a) Sampling error (b) Error of estimation (c) Bias (d) Standard error

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MCQ 12.37
Standard error is the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of an:
(a) Estimate (b) Estimation (c) Estimator (d) Error of estimation

MCQ 12.38
∑Xi / n for i=1,2,3,….,n is called:
(a) Estimation (b) Estimate (c) Estimator (d) Interval estimate

MCQ 12.39
A statistic is an unbiased estimator of a parameter if:
(a) E(statistic)=parameter (b) E(mean)=variance
(c) E(variance)=mean (d) E(sample mean)=proportion

MCQ 12.40
The following statistics are unbiased estimators:
(a) The sample mean (b) The sample variance
(c) The sample proportion (d) All the above

MCQ 12.41
Which of the following is biased estimator?

MCQ 12.42
The number of values that are free to vary after we have placed certain restrictions upon the data is called:
(a) Degrees of freedom (b) Confidence coefficient (c) Number of parameters (d) Number of samples

MCQ 12.43
If the observations are paired and the number of pairs is n, then degree of freedom is equal to:
(a) n (b) n – 1 (c) n1 + n2 – 2 (d) n/2

MCQ 12.44
In t-distribution for two independent samples n1 = n2 = n, then the degrees of freedom is equal to:
(a) 2n – 1 (b) 2n – 2 (c) 2n + 1 (d) n – 1

MCQ 12.45
If the population standard deviation σ is unknown, and the sample size is small i.e.; n≤30, the confidence
interval for the population mean µ is based on
(a) The t-distribution (b) The normal distribution
(c) The binomial distribution (d) The hypergeometric distribution

MCQ 12.46
The shape of the t-distribution depends upon the:
(a) Sample size (b) Population size (c) Parameters (d) Degrees of freedom

MCQ 12.47
If the population standard deviation σ is known, the confidence interval for the population mean µ is based on:
(a) The Poisson distribution (b) The t-distribution
(c) The X2-distribution (d) The normal distribution

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MCQ 12.48
A statistician calculates a 95% confidence interval for µ when σ is known. The confidence interval is Rs. 18000
to Rs. 22000, the amount of the sample mean is:
(a) Rs. 18000 (b) Rs. 20000 (c) Rs. 22000 (d) Rs. 40000

MCQ 12.49
A student calculates a 90% confidence interval for population mean when population standard deviation σ is
unknown and n = 9. The confidence interval is -24.3 cents to 64.3 cents, the sample mean is:
(a) 40 (b) -24.3 (c) 64.3 (d) 20

MCQ 12.50
A 95% confidence interval for population proportion p is 32.4% to 47.6%, the value of sample proportion is:
(a) 40% (b) 32.4% (c) 47.6% (d) 80%

MCQ 12.51
A confidence interval will be widened if:
(a) The confidence level is increased and the sample size is reduced
(b) The confidence level is increased and the sample size is increased
(c) The confidence level is decreased and the sample size is increased
(d) The confidence level is decreased and the sample size is decreased

MCQ 12.52
A 95% confidence interval for the mean of a population is such that:
(a) It contains 95% of the values in the population
(b) There is a 95% chance that it contains all the values in the population.
(c) There is a 95% chance that it contains the mean of the population
(d) There is a 95% chance that it contains the standard deviation of the population

MCQ 12.53
If the population standard deviation σ is doubles, the width of the confidence interval for the population mean µ
(i.e.; the upper limit of the confidence interval – lower limit of the confidence interval) will be:
(a) Divided by 2 (b) Multiplied by (c) Doubled (d) Decrease

MCQ 12.54
If α = 0.10 and n = 15; equals:
(a) 1.761 (b) 1.753 (c) 1.771 (d) 2.145

MCQ 12.55
If n1 = 16, n2 = 9 and α = 0.01; equals:
(a) 2.787 (b) 2.807 (c) 2.797 (d) 3.767

MCQ 12.56
If 1 – α = 0.90, then value of is:
(a) 1.96 (b) 2.575 (c) 1.645 (d) 2.326

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MCQ 12.57
If the population standard deviation σ is known and the sample size n is less than or equal to or more than 30,
the confidence interval for the population mean µ is:

MCQ 12.58
If the population standard deviation σ is unknown and the sample size n is greater than 30, the confidence
interval for the population mean µ is:

MCQ 12.59
If the population standard deviation σ is unknown and the sample size n is less than or equal to 30, the
confidence interval for the population mean is:

MCQ 12.60
If we have normal populations with known population standard deviations σ1 and σ2, the confidence interval
estimate for the difference between two population means is:

MCQ 12.61
If the population standard deviations σ1 and σ2 are unknown and sample sizes
n1, n2 ≥ 30, the100 (1 – α)% confidence interval for is:

MCQ 12.62
If the sample size is large, the confidence interval estimate of a population proportion p is:

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MCQ 12.63
If n1, n2 ≤ 30, the confidence interval estimate for the difference of two population means when
population standard deviation σ1, σ2 are unknown but equal in case of pooled variates is:

MCQ 12.64
The confidence interval estimate for the difference of two population means in case of paired
observations small sample (n ≤ 30) is:

MCQ 12.65
If the sample size is large, the confidence interval estimate for the difference between two population
proportions p1 – p2 is:

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MCQ TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS

MCQ 13.1
A statement about a population developed for the purpose of testing is called:
(a) Hypothesis (b) Hypothesis testing (c) Level of significance (d) Test-statistic

MCQ 13.2
Any hypothesis which is tested for the purpose of rejection under the assumption that it is true is
called:
(a) Null hypothesis (b) Alternative hypothesis (c) Statistical hypothesis (d) Composite hypothesis

MCQ 13.3
A statement about the value of a population parameter is called:
(a) Null hypothesis (b) Alternative hypothesis (c) Simple hypothesis (d) Composite hypothesis

MCQ 13.4
Any statement whose validity is tested on the basis of a sample is called:
(a) Null hypothesis (b) Alternative hypothesis (c) Statistical hypothesis (b) Simple hypothesis

MCQ 13.5
A quantitative statement about a population is called:
(a) Research hypothesis (b) Composite hypothesis (c) Simple hypothesis (d) Statistical hypothesis

MCQ 13.6
A statement that is accepted if the sample data provide sufficient evidence that the null hypothesis is false is
called:
(a) Simple hypothesis (b) Composite hypothesis (c) Statistical hypothesis (d) Alternative hypothesis

MCQ 13.7
The alternative hypothesis is also called:
(a) Null hypothesis (b) Statistical hypothesis (c) Research hypothesis (d) Simple hypothesis

MCQ 13.8
A hypothesis that specifies all the values of parameter is called:
(a) Simple hypothesis (b) Composite hypothesis (c) Statistical hypothesis (d) None of the above

MCQ 13.9
The hypothesis µ ≤ 10 is a:
(a) Simple hypothesis (b) Composite hypothesis (c) Alternative hypothesis (d) Difficult to tell.

MCQ 13.10
If a hypothesis specifies the population distribution is called:
(a) Simple hypothesis (b) Composite hypothesis (c) Alternative hypothesis (d) None of the above

MCQ 13.11
A hypothesis may be classified as:
(a) Simple (b) Composite (c) Null (d) All of the above

MCQ 13.12
The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true is called:
(a) Level of confidence (b) Level of significance (c) Power of the test (d) Difficult to tell

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MCQ 13.13
The dividing point between the region where the null hypothesis is rejected and the region where it is not
rejected is said to be:
(a) Critical region (b) Critical value (c) Acceptance region (d) Significant region

MCQ 13.14
If the critical region is located equally in both sides of the sampling distribution of test-statistic, the test is
called:
(a) One tailed (b) Two tailed (c) Right tailed (d) Left tailed

MCQ 13.15
The choice of one-tailed test and two-tailed test depends upon:
(a) Null hypothesis (b) Alternative hypothesis (c) None of these (d) Composite hypotheses

MCQ 13.16
Test of hypothesis Ho: µ = 50 against H1: µ > 50 leads to:
(a) Left-tailed test (b) Right-tailed test (c) Two-tailed test (d) Difficult to tell

MCQ 13.17
Test of hypothesis Ho: µ = 20 against H1: µ < 20 leads to:
(a) Right one-sided test (b) Left one-sided test (c) Two-sided test (d) All of the above

MCQ 13.18
Testing Ho: µ = 25 against H1: µ ≠ 20 leads to:
(a) Two-tailed test (b) Left-tailed test (c) Right-tailed test (d) Neither (a), (b) and (c)

MCQ 13.19
A rule or formula that provides a basis for testing a null hypothesis is called:
(a) Test-statistic (b) Population statistic (c) Both of these (d) None of the above

MCQ 13.20
The range of test statistic-Z is:
(a) 0 to 1 (b) -1 to +1 (c) 0 to ∞ (d) -∞ to +∞

MCQ 13.21
The range of test statistic-t is:
(a) 0 to ∞ (b) 0 to 1 (c) -∞ to +∞ (d) -1 to +1

MCQ 13.22
If Ho is true and we reject it is called:
(a) Type-I error (b) Type-II error (c) Standard error (d) Sampling error

MCQ 13.23
The probability associated with committing type-I error is:
(a) β (b) α (c) 1 – β (d) 1 – α

MCQ 13.24
A failing student is passed by an examiner, it is an example of:
(a) Type-I error (b) Type-II error (c) Unbiased decision (d) Difficult to tell

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MCQ 13.25
A passing student is failed by an examiner, it is an example of:
(a) Type-I error (b) Type-II error (c) Best decision (d) All of the above

MCQ 13.26
1 – α is also called:
(a) Confidence coefficient (b) Power of the test (c) Size of the test (d) Level of significance

MCQ 13.27
1 – α is the probability associated with:
(a) Type-I error (b) Type-II error (c) Level of confidence (d) Level of significance

MCQ 13.28
Area of the rejection region depends on:
(a) Size of α (b) Size of β (c) Test-statistic (d) Number of values

MCQ 13.29
Size of critical region is known as:
(a) β (b) 1 - β (c) Critical value (d) Size of the test

MCQ 13.30
A null hypothesis is rejected if the value of a test statistic lies in the:
(a) Rejection region (b) Acceptance region (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) nor (b)

MCQ 13.31
The test statistic is equal to:

MCQ 13.32
Level of significance is also called:
(a) Power of the test (b) Size of the test (c) Level of confidence (d) Confidence coefficient

MCQ 13.33
Level of significance α lies between:
(a) -1 and +1 (b) 0 and 1 (c) 0 and n (d) -∞ to +∞

MCQ 13.34
Critical region is also called:
(a) Acceptance region (b) Rejection region (c) Confidence region (d) Statistical region

MCQ 13.35
The probability of rejecting Ho when it is false is called:
(a) Power of the test (b) Size of the test (c) Level of confidence (d) Confidence coefficient

MCQ 13.36
Power of a test is related to:
(a) Type-I error (b) Type-II error (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) and (b)

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MCQ 13.37
In testing hypothesis α + β is always equal to:
(a) One (b) Zero (c) Two (d) Difficult to tell

MCQ 13.38
The significance level is the risk of:
(a) Rejecting Ho when Ho is correct (b) Rejecting Ho when H1 is correct
(c) Rejecting H1 when H1 is correct (d) Accepting Ho when Ho is correct.

MCQ 13.39
An example in a two-sided alternative hypothesis is:
(a) H1: µ < 0 (b) H1: µ > 0 (c) H1: µ ≥ 0 (d) H1: µ ≠ 0

MCQ 13.40
If the magnitude of calculated value of t is less than the tabulated value of t and H1 is two-sided, we
should:
(a) Reject Ho (b) Accept H1 (c) Not reject Ho (d) Difficult to tell

MCQ 13.41
Accepting a null hypothesis Ho:
(a) Proves that Ho is true (b) Proves that Ho is false
(c) Implies that Ho is likely to be true (d) Proves that µ ≤ 0

MCQ 13.42
The chance of rejecting a true hypothesis decreases when sample size is:
(a) Decreased (b) Increased (c) Constant (d) Both (a) and (b)

MCQ 13.43
The equality condition always appears in:
(a) Null hypothesis (b) Simple hypothesis (c) Alternative hypothesis (d) Both (a) and (b)

MCQ 13.44
Which hypothesis is always in an inequality form?
(a) Null hypothesis (b) Alternative hypothesis (c) Simple hypothesis (d) Composite hypothesis

MCQ 13.45
Which of the following is composite hypothesis?
(a) µ ≥ µo (b) µ ≤ µo (c) µ = µo (d) µ ≠ µo

MCQ 13.46
P (Type I error) is equal to:
(a) 1 – α (b) 1 – β (c) α (d) β

MCQ 13.47
P (Type II error) is equal to:
(a) α (b) β (c) 1 – α (d) 1 – β

MCQ 13.48
The power of the test is equal to:
(a) α (b) β (c) 1 – α (d) 1 – β

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MCQ 13.49
The degree of confidence is equal to:
(a) α (b) β (c) 1 – α (d) 1 – β

MCQ 13.50
α / 2 is called:
(a) One tailed significance level (b) Two tailed significance level
(c) Left tailed significance level (d) Right tailed significance level

MCQ 13.51
Student’s t-test is applicable only when:
(a) n≤30 and σ is known (b) n>30 and σ is unknown (c) n=30 and σ is known (d) All of the above

MCQ 13.52
Student’s t-statistic is applicable in case of:
(a) Equal number of samples (b) Unequal number of samples (c) Small samples (d) All of the above

MCQ 13.53
Paired t-test is applicable when the observations in the two samples are:
(a) Equal in number (b) Paired (c) Correlation (d) All of the above

MCQ 13.54
The degree of freedom for paired t-test based on n pairs of observations is:
(a) 2n - 1 (b) n - 2 (c) 2(n - 1) (d) n - 1

MCQ 13.55
The test-statistic has d.f = ________:
(a) n (b) n - 1 (c) n - 2 (d) n1 + n2 - 2

MCQ 13.56
In an unpaired samples t-test with sample sizes n1= 11 and n2= 11, the value of tabulated t should be
obtained for:
(a) 10 degrees of freedom (b) 21 degrees of freedom
(c) 22 degrees of freedom (d) 20 degrees of freedom

MCQ 13.57
In analyzing the results of an experiment involving seven paired samples, tabulated t should be
obtained for:
(a) 13 degrees of freedom (b) 6 degrees of freedom
(c) 12 degrees of freedom (d) 14 degrees of freedom

MCQ 13.58
The mean difference between 16 paired observations is 25 and the standard deviation of differences is
10. The value of statistic-t is:
(a) 4 (b) 10 (c) 16 (d) 25

MCQ 13.59
Statistic-t is defined as deviation of sample mean from population mean µ expressed in terms of:
(a) Standard deviation (b) Standard error
(c) Coefficient of standard deviation (d) Coefficient of variation

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MCQ 13.60
Student’s t-distribution has (n-1) d.f. when all the n observations in the sample are:
(a) Dependent (b) Independent (c) Maximum (d) Minimum

MCQ 13.61
The number of independent values in a set of values is called:
(a) Test-statistic (b) Degree of freedom (c) Level of significance (d) Level of confidence
MCQ 13.62
The purpose of statistical inference is:
(a) To collect sample data and use them to formulate hypotheses about a population
(b) To draw conclusion about populations and then collect sample data to support the conclusions
(c) To draw conclusions about populations from sample data
(d) To draw conclusions about the known value of population parameter

MCQ 13.63
Suppose that the null hypothesis is true and it is rejected, is known as:
(a) A type-I error, and its probability is β
(b) A type-I error, and its probability is α
(c) A type-II error, and its probability is α
(d) A type-Il error, and its probability is β

MCQ 13.64
An advertising agency wants to test the hypothesis that the proportion of adults in Pakistan who read a Sunday
Magazine is 25 percent. The null hypothesis is that the proportion reading the Sunday Magazine is:
(a) Different from 25% (b) Equal to 25% (c) Less than 25 % (d) More than 25 %

MCQ 13.65
If the mean of a particular population is µo, is distributed:
(a) As a standard normal variable, if the population is non-normal
(b) As a standard normal variable, if the sample is large
(c) As a standard normal variable, if the population is normal
(d) As the t-distribution with v = n - 1 degrees of freedom

MCQ 13.66
If µ 1 and µ 2 are means of two populations, is distributed:

(a) As a standard normal variable, if both samples are independent and less than 30
(b) As a standard normal variable, if both populations are normal
(c) As both (a) and (b) state
(d) As the t-distribution with n1 + n2 - 2 degrees of freedom

MCQ 13.67
If the population proportion equals po, then is distributed:

(a) As a standard normal variable, if n > 30

(b) As a Poisson variable
(c) As the t-distribution with v= n 1 degrees of freedom
(d) As a distribution with v degrees of freedom

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MCQ 13.68
When σ is known, the hypothesis about population mean is tested by:
(a) t-test (b) Z-test (c) χ2-test (d) F-test

MCQ 13.69
Given µ o = 130, = 150, σ = 25 and n = 4; what test statistics is appropriate?
(a) t (b) Z (c) χ2 (d) F

MCQ 13.70
Given Ho: µ = µ o, H1: µ ≠ µo, α = 0.05 and we reject Ho; the absolute value of the Z-statistic must have equalled
or been beyond what value?
(a) 1.96 (b) 1.65 (c) 2.58 (d) 2.33

MCQ 13.71
If p1 and p2 are not identical, then standard error of the difference of proportions (p1 – p2) is:

MCQ 13.72
Under the hypothesis Ho: p1 = p2, the formula for the standard error of the difference between
proportions (p1 – p2) is:

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MCQ of REGRESSION AND CORRELATION

MCQ 14.1
A process by which we estimate the value of dependent variable on the basis of one or more independent
variables is called:
(a) Correlation (b) Regression (c) Residual (d) Slope

MCQ 14.2
The method of least squares dictates that we choose a regression line where the sum of the square of
deviations of the points from the lie is:
(a) Maximum (b) Minimum (c) Zero (d)
Positive

MCQ 14.3
A relationship where the flow of the data points is best represented by a curve is called:
(a) Linear relationship (b) Nonlinear relationship (c) Linear positive (d) Linear negative

MCQ 14.4
All data points falling along a straight line is called:
(a) Linear relationship (b) Non linear relationship (c) Residual (d) Scatter diagram

MCQ 14.5
The value we would predict for the dependent variable when the independent variables are all equal to zero
is called:
(a) Slope (b) Sum of residual (c) Intercept (d) Difficult to tell

MCQ 14.6
The predicted rate of response of the dependent variable to changes in the independent variable is called:
(a) Slope (b) Intercept (c) Error (d) Regression equation

MCQ 14.7
The slope of the regression line of Y on X is also called the:
(a) Correlation coefficient of X on Y (b) Correlation coefficient of Y on X
(c) Regression coefficient of X on Y (d) Regression coefficient of Y on X

MCQ 14.8
In simple linear regression, the numbers of unknown constants are:
(a) One (b) Two (c) Three (d) Four

MCQ 14.9
In simple regression equation, the numbers of variables involved are:
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

MCQ 14.10
If the value of any regression coefficient is zero, then two variables are:
(a) Qualitative (b) Correlation (c) Dependent (d) Independent

MCQ 14.11
The straight line graph of the linear equation Y = a+ bX, slope will be upward if:
(a) b = 0 (b) b < 0 (c) b > 0 (b) b ≠ 0

MCQ 14.12
The straight line graph of the linear equation Y = a + bX, slope will be downward If:
(a) b > 0 (b) b < 0 (c) b = 0 (d) b ≠ 0

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MCQ 14.13
The straight line graph of the linear equation Y = a + bX, slope is horizontal if:
(a) b = 0 (b) b ≠ 0 (c) b = 1 (d) a = b

MCQ 14.14
If regression line of = 5, then value of regression coefficient of Y on X is:
(a) 0 (b) 0.5 (c) 1 (d) 5

MCQ 14.15
If Y = 2 - 0.2X, then the value of Y intercept is equal to:
(a) -0.2 (b) 2 (c) 0.2X (d) All of the above

MCQ 14.16
If one regression coefficient is greater than one, then other will he:
(a) More than one (b) Equal to one (c) Less than one (d) Equal to minus one

MCQ 14.17
To determine the height of a person when his weight is given is:
(a) Correlation problem (b) Association problem (c) Regression problem (d) Qualitative
problem

MCQ 14.18
The dependent variable is also called:
(a) Regression (b) Regressand (c) Continuous variable (d) Independent

MCQ 14.19
The dependent variable is also called:
(a) Regressand variable (b) Predictand variable (c) Explained variable (d) All of these

MCQ 14.20
The independent variable is also called:
(a) Regressor (b) Regressand (c) Predictand (d) Estimated

MCQ 14.21
In the regression equation Y = a+bX, the Y is called:
(a) Independent variable (b) Dependent variable (c) Continuous variable (d) None of the above

MCQ 14.22
In the regression equation X = a + bY, the X is called:
(a) Independent variable (b) Dependent variable (c) Qualitative variable (d) None of the above

MCQ 14.23
In the regression equation Y = a +bX, a is called:
(a) X-intercept (b) Y-intercept (c) Dependent variable (d) None of the above

MCQ 14.24
The regression equation always passes through:
(a) (X, Y) (b) (a, b) (c) ( , ) (d) ( , Y)

MCQ 14.25
The independent variable in a regression line is:
(a) Non-random variable (b) Random variable (c) Qualitative variable (d) None of the above

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MCQ 14.26
The graph showing the paired points of (X i, Yi) is called:
(a) Scatter diagram (b) Histogram (c) Historigram (d) Pie diagram

MCQ 14.27
The graph represents the relationship that is:
(a) Linear (b) Non linear (c) Curvilinear (d) No relation

MCQ 14.28
The graph represents the relationship that is.:
(a) Linear positive (b) Linear negative (c) Non-linear (d) Curvilinear

MCQ 14.29
When regression line passes through the origin, then:
(a) Intercept is zero (b) Regression coefficient is zero (c) Correlation is zero (d) Association is zero

MCQ 14.30
When bXY is positive, then byx will be:
(a) Negative (b) Positive (c) Zero (d) One

MCQ 14.31
The correlation coefficient is the_______of two regression coefficients:
(a) Geometric mean (b) Arithmetic mean (c) Harmonic mean (d) Median

MCQ 14.32
When two regression coefficients bear same algebraic signs, then correlation coefficient is:
(a) Positive (b) Negative (c) According to two signs (d) Zero

MCQ 14.33
It is possible that two regression coefficients have:
(a) Opposite signs (b) Same signs (c) No sign (d) Difficult to tell

MCQ 14.34
Regression coefficient is independent of:
(a) Units of measurement (b) Scale and origin (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of them

MCQ 14.35
In the regression line Y = a+ bX:
(a) (b) (c) (d)

MCQ 14.36
In the regression line Y = a + bX, the following is always true:
(a) (b) (c) (d)

MCQ 14.37
The purpose of simple linear regression analysis is to:
(a) Predict one variable from another variable
(b) Replace points on a scatter diagram by a straight-line
(c) Measure the degree to which two variables are linearly associated
(d) Obtain the expected value of the independent random variable for a given value of the dependent
variable

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MCQ 14.38
The sum of the difference between the actual values of Y and its values obtained from the fitted
regression line is always:
(a) Zero (b) Positive (c) Negative (d) Minimum

MCQ 14.39
If all the actual and estimated values of Y are same on the regression line, the sum of squares of
error will be:
(a) Zero (b) Minimum (c) Maximum (d) Unknown

MCQ 14.40

(a) Residual (b) Difference between independent and dependent variables

(c) Difference between slope and intercept (d) Sum of residual

MCQ 14.41
A measure of the strength of the linear relationship that exists between two variables is called:
(a) Slope (b) Intercept (c) Correlation coefficient (d) Regression
equation

MCQ 14.42
When the ratio of variations in the related variables is constant, it is called:
(a) Linear correlation (b) Nonlinear correlation (c) Positive correlation (d) Negative correlation

MCQ 14.43
If both variables X and Y increase or decrease simultaneously, then the coefficient of correlation will
be:
(a) Positive (b) Negative (c) Zero (d) One

MCQ 14.44
If the points on the scatter diagram indicate that as one variable increases the other variable tends to
decrease the value of r will be:
(a) Perfect positive (b) Perfect negative (c) Negative (d) Zero

MCQ 14.45
If the points on the scatter diagram show no tendency either to increase together or decrease together
the value of r will be close to:
(a) -1 (b) +1 (c) 0.5 (d) 0

MCQ 14.46
If one item is fixed and unchangeable and the other item varies, the correlation coefficient will be:
(a) Positive (b) Negative (c) Zero (d) Undecided

MCQ 14.47
In scatter diagram, if most of the points lie in the first and third quadrants, then coefficient of
correlation is:
(a) Negative (b) Positive (c) Zero (d) All of the above

MCQ 14.48
If the two series move in reverse directions and the variations in their values are always
proportionate, it is said to be:
(a) Negative correlation (b) Positive correlation
(c) Perfect negative correlation (d) Perfect positive correlation

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MCQ 14.49
If both the series move in the same direction and the variations are in a fixed proportion, correlation
between them is said to be:
(a) Perfect correlation (c) Linear correlation
(c) Nonlinear correlation (d) Perfect positive correlation

MCQ 14.50
The value of the coefficient of correlation r lies between:
(a) 0 and 1 (b) -1 and 0 (c) -1 and +1 (d) -0.5 and +0.5

MCQ 14.51
If X is measured in yours and Y is measured in minutes, then correlation coefficient has the unit:
(a) Hours (b) Minutes (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) No unit

MCQ 14.52
The range of regressioin coefficient is:
(a) -1 to +1 (b) 0 to 1 (c) -∞ to +∞ (d) 0 to ∞

MCQ 14.53
The signs of regression coefficients and correlation coefficient are always:
(a) Different (b) Same (c) Positive (d) Negative

MCQ 14.54
The arithmetic mean of the two regression coefficients is greater than or equal to:
(a) -1 (b) +1 (c) 0 (d) r

MCQ 14.55
In simple linear regression model Y = α + βX + ε where α and β are called:
(a) Estimates (b) Parameters (c) Random errors (d) Variables

MCQ 14.56
Negative regression coefficient indicates that the movement of the variables are in:
(a) Same direction (b) Opposite direction (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Difficult to tell

MCQ 14.57
Positive regression coefficient indicates that the movement of the variables are in:
(a) Same direction (b) Opposite direction (c) Upward direction (d) Downward direction

MCQ 14.58
If the value of regression coefficient is zero, then the two variable are called:
(a) Independent (b) Dependent (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Difficult to tell

MCQ 14.59
The term regression was used by:
(a) Newton (b) Pearson (c) Spearman (d) Galton

MCQ 14.60
In the regression equation Y = a + bX, b is called:
(a) Slope (b) Regression coefficient (c) Intercept (d) Both (a) and (b)

MCQ 14.61
When the two regression lines are parallel to each other, then their slopes are:
(a) Zero (b) Different (c) Same (d) Positive

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MCQ 14.62
The measure of change in dependent variable corresponding to an unit change in independent
variable is called:
(a) Slope (b) Regression coefficient (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) and (b)

MCQ 14.63
In correlation problem both variables are:
(a) Equal (b) Unknown (c) Fixed (d) Random

MCQ 14.64
In the regression equation Y = a + bX, where a and b are called:
(a) Constants (b) Estimates (c) Parameters (d) Both (a) and (b)

MCQ 14.65
If byx = bxy = 1 and Sx = Sy, then r will be:
(a) 0 (b) -1 (c) 1 (d) Difficult to calculate

MCQ 14.66
The correlation coefficient between X and -X is:
(a) 0 (b) 0.5 (c) 1 (d) -1

MCQ 14.67
If byx = bxy = rxy, then:
(a) Sx ≠ Sy (b) Sx = Sy (c) Sx > Sy (d) Sx < Sy

MCQ 14.68
If rxy = 0.4, then r(2x, 2y) is equal to:
(a) 0.4 (b) 0.8 (c) 0 (d) 1

MCQ 14.69
rxy is equal to:
(a) 0 (b) -1 (c) 1 (d) 0.5

MCQ 14.70
If rxy = 0.75, then correlation coefficient between u = 1.5X and v = 2Y is:
(a) 0 (b) 0.75 (c) -0.75 (d) 1.5

MCQ 14.71
If byx = -2 and rxy= -1, then bxy is equal to:
(a) -1 (b) -2 (c) 0.5 (d) -0.5

MCQ 14.72
If byx = 1.6 and bxy = 0.4, then rxy will be:
(a) 0.4 (b) 0.64 (c) 0.8 (d) -0.8

MCQ 14.73
If byx = -0.8 and bxy = -0.2, then ryx is equal to:
(a) -0.2 (b) -0.4 (c) 0.4 (d) -0.8

MCQ 14.74
If = 6 – X, then r will be:
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) Both (b) and (c)

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MCQ 14.75
If = X + 10, then r equal to:
(a) 1 (b) -1 (c) 1/2 (d) Difficult to tell

MCQ 14.76
If Y = -10X and X = -0.1Y, then r is equal to:
(a) 0.1 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) 10

MCQ 14.77
If the figure +1 signifies perfect positive correlation and the figure -1 signifies a perfect negative
correlation, then the figure 0 signifies:
(a) A perfect correlation (b) Uncorrelated variables
(c) Not significant (d) Weak correlation

MCQ 14.78
A perfect positive correlation is signified by:
(a) 0 (b) -1 (c) +1 (d) -1 to +1

MCQ 14.79
If a statistics professor tells his class: "All those who got 100 on the statistics test got 20 on the
mathematics test, and all those that got 100 on the mathematics test got 20 on the statistics test", he
is saying that the correlation between the statistics test and the mathematics test is:
(a) Negative (b) Positive (c) Zero (d) Difficult to tell

MCQ 14.80
If is zero, the correlation is:
(a) Weak negative (b) High positive (c) High negative (d) None of the preceding

MCQ 14.81
If rxy = 1, then:
(a) byx = bxy (b) byx > bxy (c) byx < bxy (d) byx . bxy = 1

MCQ 14.82
The relation between the regression coefficient b yx and correlation coefficient r is:

MCQ 14.83
The relation between the regression coefficient b xy and correlation coefficient r is:

MCQ 14.84
If the sum of the product of the deviation of X and Y from their means is zero, the correlation
coefficient between X and Y is:
(a) Zero (b) Maximum (c) Minimum (d) Undecided

MCQ 14.85
If the coefficient of correlation between the variables X and Y is r, the coefficient of correlation
between X2 and Y2 is:
(a) -1 (b) 1 (c) r (d) r2

MCQ 14.86
If rxy = 0.75, then rxy will be:
(a) 0.25 (b) 0.50 (c) 0.75 (d) -0.75

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MCQ 14.87
If , then byx is equal to:
(a) Positive (b) Negative (c) Zero (d) One

MCQ 14.88
If , then intercept a is equal to:
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 to +1 (d) 0 to 1

MCQ 14.89
:
(a) Less than zero (b) Greater than zero (c) Equal to zero (d) Not equal to zero

MCQ 14.90
When rxy < 0, then byx and bxy will be:
(a) Zero (b) Not equal to zero (c) Less than zero (d) Greater than zero

MCQ 14.91
When rxy > 0, then byx and bxy are both:
(a) 0 (b) < 0 (c) > 0 (d) < 1

MCQ 14.92
If rxy = 0, then:
(a) byx = 0 (b) bxy = 0 (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) byx ≠ bxy

MCQ 14.93
If bxy = 0.20 and rxy = 0.50, then byx is equal to:
(a) 0.20 (b) 0.25 (c) 0.50 (d) 1.25

MCQ 14.94
A regression model may be:
(a) Linear (b) Non-linear (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a)
and (b)

MCQ 14.95
If r is negative, we know that:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

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MCQ ASSOCIATION

MCQ 15.1
A qualitative characteristic is called:
(a) Constant (b) Variable (c) Attribute (d) Association

MCQ 15.2
If an attribute has two classes, it is called:
(a) Trichotomy (b) Simple classification (c) Dichotomy (d) Mainfold classification

MCQ 15.3
If an attribute has more than two classes, it is said to be:
(a) Mainfold classification (b) Trichotomy (c) Dichotomous (d) All of the above

MCQ 15.4
The χ2-test should not be used if any expected frequency is:
(a) Less than 10 (b) Less than 5 (c) Equal to 5 (d) More than 5

MCQ 15.5
The total of all frequencies n is of order:
(a) Zero (b) One (c) Two (d) Three

MCQ 15.6
In case of consistent data, no class frequency can be:
(a) Positive (b) Negative (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) and (b)

MCQ 15.7
With two attributes A and B, the total number of ultimate frequencies is:
(a) Two (b) Four (c) Six (d) Nine

MCQ 15.8
If , the two attributes A and B are:
(a) Independent (b) Dependent (c) Correlated (d) Quantitative

MCQ 15.9
To calculate the level of association, we can calculate coefficient of association the coefficient of
Association(Q), the coefficient of association always lies between:
(a) -1 and + 1 (b) 0 and 1 (c) -1 and 0 (d) 0 and 5

MCQ 15.10
If the class frequency (AB) = 0, the value of Q is equal to:
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) 0 to 1

MCQ 15.11
If the class frequency (α B)=0, the value of Q will be:
(a) -1 (b) +1 (c) 0 (d) ∞

MCQ 15.12
If for two attributes the class frequency (AB)=(α B)=0, the value of the coefficient of association is:
(a) -1 (b) +1 (c) 0 (d) ∞

MCQ 15.13
If for two attributes the class frequencies(AB)(αβ)=(Aβ)(αB), then Q is equal to:
(a) 0 (b) -1 (c) +1 (d) ∞

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MCQ 15.14
If two attributes A and B are independent then the coefficient of association is:
(a) -1 (b) +1 (c) 0 (d) 0.5

MCQ 15.15
If for two attributes A and B, the class frequencies (AB)(αβ)=(Aβ)(αB), then A and B are called:
(a) Independent (b) Positively associated (c) Negatively associated (d) All of the above

MCQ 15.16
If (AB)(αβ)>(Aβ)(αB), then A and B are said to be:
(a) Negatively associated (b) Positively associated (c) Independent (d) Difficult to tell

MCQ 15.17
If two attributes A and B hold the relation (AB)(αβ)<(Aβ)(αB), then:
(a) A and B are positively associated (b) A and B are independent
(c) A and B are negatively associated (d) A and B are dependent

MCQ 15.18
If , the association between two attributes A and B is:
(a) Negative (b) Positive (c) Zero (d) Symmetrical

MCQ 15.19
Two attributes A and B are said to be positive, if:
(a) (b) (c) (d)

MCQ 15.20
If two attributes A and B have perfect positive association the value of coefficient of association is equal to:
(a) +1 (b) -1 (c) 0 (d) (r-1)(c-1)

MCQ 15.21
In a Chi-square distribution no expected frequency should be:
(a) More than 5 (b) Less than 5 (c) Equal to 5 (d) Both (a) and (b)

MCQ 15.22
Which of the following value is impossible for a Chi-square statistic?
(a) Greater than zero (b) Less than zero (c) Equal to zero (d) Not equal to zero

MCQ 15.23
A characteristic which varies in quality from one individual to another is called:
(a) Variable (b) Constant (c) Attribute (d) Statistic

MCQ 15.24
The shape of the Chi-square distribution is:
(a) Symmetrical (b) Positively skewed (c) Negatively skewed (d) All of the above

MCQ 15.25
The eyes colour of 100 women is:
(a) Variable (b) Constant (c) Attribute (d) Discrete

MCQ 15.26
The value of Chi-square statistic is always zero if:
(a) ∑fo = ∑fe (b) fo = fe (c) fo > fe (d) fo < fe

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MCQ 15.27
If all frequencies of classes are same, the value of Chi-square is:
(a) Zero (b) One (c) Infinite (d) All of the above

MCQ 15.28
In order to carry out a χ2 -test on data in a contingency table, the observed values in the table should
be:
(a) Close to the expected values (b) All greater than or equal to 5
(c) Frequencies (d) Quantitative

MCQ 15.29
The degrees of freedom for χ2 are (r-1)(c-1) for a contingency table with r-rows and c-columns. So
for a 2x2 contingency table there are:
(a) One degrees of freedom (b) Two degrees of freedom
(c) Three degrees of freedom (d) Four degrees of freedom

MCQ 15.30
For an r x c contingency table the number of degrees of freedom equals:
(a) r c (b) r + c (a) (r-1) + (c - 1) (d) (r-1)(c-1)

MCQ 15.31
For a 3 x 3 contingency table, the numbers of cells in the table are:
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 4

MCQ 15.32
The null hypothesis of independence between the variables is tested using the χ2-statistic where
calculated χ2 = ∑(O – E )2/E, if the degrees of freedom, (r – 1)(c – 1), are greater than:
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

MCQ 15.33
The shape of the chi-square distribution depends upon:
(a) Parameters (b) Degree of freedom (c) Number of cells (d) Standard deviation

MCQ 15.34
The total area under the curve of a chi-square distribution is:
(a) 1 (b) 0.5 (c) 0 to ∞ (d) -∞ to +∞

MCQ 15.35
Chi-square curve ranges from:
(a) -∞ to +∞ (b) 0 to ∞ (c) -∞ to 0 (d) 0 to 1

MCQ 15.36
The value of chi-square statistic is always:
(a) Negative (b) Zero (c) Non-negative (d) One

MCQ 15.37
In testing independence in a 2 >< 3 contingency table, the number of degrees of freedom in χ2-
distribution is:
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 5

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MCQ 15.38
Given χ2 = 5.8, df = 1, χ20.05(1) = 3.841, χ20.01(1) = 6.635, we make the following statistical decision
(a) We reject Ho at α = 0.05 but not at α = 0.01
(b) We reject Ho at α = 0.01
(c) We fail to reject Ho at α = 0.05
(d) We reject Ho at α = 0.01 but not at α = 0.05

MCQ 15.39
If χ2 = 13.95, df = 4, χ20.05(4) = 9.488, χ20.01(4) = 13.277, we make the following statistical decision:
(a) We accept Ho at α = 0.01 and α = 0.05
(b) We reject Ho at α = 0.05 but not at α = 0.01
(c) We reject Ho at α = 0.01 but not at α = 0.05
(d) We reject Ho at α = 0.01 and α = 0.05

MCQ 15.40
In converting the scores 18, 24, 12, 14, 22 and 29 to ranks (assigning rank 1 to the highest score), the
score of 12 has a corresponding rank of:
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 6 (d) 7

MCQ 15.41
In converting the scores 8, 20, 14, 7, 11, 14 and 3 to ranks (assigning rank 1 to the lowest score), the
score of 14 has a corresponding rank of:
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 5.5 (d) 4.5

MCQ 15.42
If a person ranks lowest on beauty and highest on intelligence and another person ranks highest on
beauty and lowest on intelligence, the Spearman's coefficient of rank correlation is probably:
(a) Zero (b) Weak positive (c) Perfect positive (d) Perfect negative

MCQ 15.43

(a) 0.5 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) 0

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