Experiment 1: Two Assignments on the Creation of Table with Different Types

of Constraints

Assignment 1: Create a Table with Constraints

CREATE TABLE products (

product_id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,

product_name VARCHAR2(100) NOT NULL,

price NUMBER(10, 2) CHECK (price > 0),

category VARCHAR2(50) UNIQUE

);

INSERT INTO products (product_id, product_name, price, category)

VALUES (1, 'Laptop', 800.00, 'Electronics');

INSERT INTO products (product_id, product_name, price, category)

VALUES (2, 'Smartphone', 600.00, 'Electronics');

Assignment 2: Insert Data and Check Constraints

INSERT INTO products (product_id, product_name, price, category)

VALUES (3, 'Smartwatch', 150.00, 'Electronics');

SELECT * FROM products;

Output:
Table 'products' created successfully.

1 row(s) inserted.

1 row(s) inserted.

ERROR: Unique constraint violated for category.

Product_id Product_name Price Category

1 Laptop 800.00 Electronics
2 Smartphone 600.00 Electronics
3 Smartwatch 150.00 Electronics
Experiment 2: Two Assignments on Insert, Delete, and Modify Records from the
Tables

Assignment 1: Insert, Update, and Delete Records

CREATE TABLE employees ( emp_id

NUMBER PRIMARY KEY, emp_name

VARCHAR2(50), emp_salary NUMBER

);

INSERT INTO employees (emp_id, emp_name, emp_salary)

VALUES (1, 'Alice', 50000);

INSERT INTO employees (emp_id, emp_name, emp_salary)

VALUES (2, 'Bob', 60000);

UPDATE employees SET emp_salary = 55000 WHERE emp_name = 'Alice';

DELETE FROM employees WHERE emp_name = 'Bob';

SELECT * FROM employees;

Assignment 2: Modify Records Using UPDATE and DELETE

CREATE TABLE students ( student_id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,

first_name VARCHAR2(50), last_name VARCHAR2(50), age

NUMBER );

INSERT INTO students (student_id, first_name, last_name, age)

VALUES (1, 'John', 'Doe', 20);

INSERT INTO students (student_id, first_name, last_name, age)

VALUES (2, 'Jane', 'Smith', 22);

UPDATE students SET age = 21 WHERE student_id = 1;

DELETE FROM students WHERE student_id = 2;

SELECT * FROM students;

Output:

emp_id emp_name emp_salary

1 Alice 55000

STUDENT_ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME AGE

1 JOHN DOE 21
Experiment 3: Two Assignments on Exploring SELECT Statement Using Various
Clauses

Assignment 1: Use WHERE, ORDER BY, and GROUP BY Clauses

CREATE TABLE sales (

sale_id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,

product_name VARCHAR2(50),

category VARCHAR2(30),

quantity NUMBER,

price_per_unit NUMBER );

INSERT INTO sales VALUES (1, 'Laptop', 'Electronics', 2, 60000);

INSERT INTO sales VALUES (2, 'Mouse', 'Electronics', 5, 500);

INSERT INTO salesVALUES (3, 'Shirt', 'Clothing', 3, 800);

INSERT INTO sales VALUES (4, 'Laptop', 'Electronics', 1, 62000);

INSERT INTO sales VALUES (5, 'Shirt', 'Clothing', 4, 750);

SELECT * FROM sales

WHERE category = 'Electronics'

ORDER BY price_per_unit DESC;

Assignment 2: Use HAVING Clause with Aggregate Functions

SELECT category, SUM(quantity) AS total_quantity

FROM sales

GROUP BY category;
Output:

SALE_ID PRODUCT_NAME CATEGORY QUANTITY PRICE_PER_UNIT

4 LAPTOP ELECTRONICS 1 62000
2 LAPTOP ELECTRONICS 2 60000
1 MOUSE ELECTRONICS 5 500

CATEGORY TOTAL_QUANTITY
ELECTRONICS 8
CLOTHING 7
Experiment 4: Two Assignments on the Use of Set Operations

Assignment 1: Use UNION to Combine Results

CREATE TABLE dept1 (

emp_name VARCHAR2(50)

);

CREATE TABLE dept2 ( emp_name VARCHAR2(50)

);

INSERT INTO dept1 VALUES ('Alice');

INSERT INTO dept1 VALUES ('Bob');

INSERT INTO dept1 VALUES ('Charlie');

INSERT INTO dept2 VALUES ('Bob');

INSERT INTO dept2 VALUES ('David');

INSERT INTO dept2 VALUES ('Eve');

SELECT emp_name FROM dept1

UNION

SELECT emp_name FROM dept2;

Assignment 2: Using INTERSECT

SELECT emp_name FROM dept1

INTERSECT

SELECT emp_name FROM dept2;

Output:
Dept1
emp_name
Alice

Bob

Charlie

Dept2
emp_name

Bob

David

Eve

emp_name
Bob
Experiment 5: One assignment on generating sub-queries.

CREATE TABLE departments (

dept_id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,

dept_name VARCHAR2(50) ); CREATE TABLE

employees (

emp_id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,

emp_name VARCHAR2(50),

salary NUMBER,

dept_id NUMBER REFERENCES departments(dept_id) );

INSERT INTO departments VALUES (1, 'HR');

INSERT INTO departments VALUES (2, 'IT');

INSERT INTO departments VALUES (3, 'Finance');

INSERT INTO employees VALUES (101, 'Alice', 60000, 1);

INSERT INTO employees VALUES (102, 'Bob', 75000, 2);

INSERT INTO employees VALUES (103, 'Charlie', 82000, 2);

INSERT INTO employees VALUES (104, 'David', 50000, 3);

INSERT INTO employees VALUES (105, 'Eve', 75000, 1);

-- Query 1: Employee(s) with highest salary

SELECT 'Highest Salary' AS query_type, emp_name, salary

FROM employees

WHERE salary = (SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees);

-- Query 2: Employees with salary above average

SELECT 'Above Avg Salary' AS query_type, emp_name, salary

FROM employees

WHERE salary > (SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees);

-- Query 3: Departments with more than one employee

SELECT 'Dept with >1 Employee' AS query_type, dept_name

FROM departments d

WHERE 1 < (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees e WHERE e.dept_id = d.dept_id);

Experiment 6: Two assignments on creating joins and views on the tables.
Assignment 1: Creating JOINs Between Tables

CREATE TABLE departments (

dept_id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,

dept_name VARCHAR2(50) );

CREATE TABLE employees (

emp_id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,

emp_name VARCHAR2(50),

salary NUMBER,

dept_id NUMBER REFERENCES departments(dept_id) );

INSERT INTO departments VALUES (1, 'HR');

INSERT INTO departments VALUES (2, 'IT');

INSERT INTO departments VALUES (3, 'Finance');

INSERT INTO employees VALUES (101, 'Alice', 60000, 1);

INSERT INTO employees VALUES (102, 'Bob', 75000, 2);

INSERT INTO employees VALUES (103, 'Charlie', 82000, 2);

INSERT INTO employees VALUES (104, 'David', 50000, 3);

INSERT INTO employees VALUES (105, 'Eve', 75000, 1);

-- INNER JOIN: List all employees with their department names

SELECT e.emp_name, d.dept_name, e.salary
FROM employees e

JOIN departments d ON e.dept_id = d.dept_id;

-- LEFT OUTER JOIN: Show all departments with employee names (if any)

SELECT d.dept_name, e.emp_name

FROM departments d LEFT

JOIN employees e ON d.dept_id = e.dept_id;

Assignment 2: Creating and Using VIEWS

CREATE VIEW high_earners AS

SELECT emp_id, emp_name, salary

FROM employees

WHERE salary > 70000;

SELECT * FROM high_earners;

CREATE VIEW emp_dept_view AS

SELECT e.emp_name, d.dept_name, e.salary

FROM employees e

JOIN departments d ON e.dept_id = d.dept_id;

SELECT * FROM emp_dept_view

WHERE salary >= 75000;

emp_name dept_name salary

Bob IT 75000

Charlie IT 82000

Eve HR 75000
Experiment 7: Three assignments related to creation of database with tables
having different fields and data types.

Assignment 1: Create a students table with various data types

CREATE TABLE students ( student_id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,

full_name VARCHAR2(100), date_of_birth DATE, email

VARCHAR2(100), marks FLOAT );

INSERT INTO students VALUES (1, 'Rahul Sharma', TO_DATE('2005-08-12','YYYY-MM-DD'),

'[email protected]', 89.5);

INSERT INTO students VALUES (2, 'Pooja Verma', TO_DATE('2004-03-05','YYYY-MM-DD'),

'[email protected]', 92.3);

Assignment 2: Create an orders table with numeric, character and date fields

CREATE TABLE orders ( order_id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY, customer_name

VARCHAR2(50),

order_date DATE,

total_amount NUMBER(10,2)

);

INSERT INTO orders VALUES (101, 'Amit Patel', TO_DATE('2024-04-01', 'YYYY-MM-DD'),

1599.99);

INSERT INTO orders VALUES (102, 'Sneha Rao', TO_DATE('2024-04-05', 'YYYY-MM-DD'),

450.00);
CREATE TABLE products ( product_id

CHAR(5) PRIMARY KEY,

product_name VARCHAR2(50), price

NUMBER(8,2), stock_qty NUMBER

);

INSERT INTO products VALUES ('P001', 'Laptop', 60000.00, 10);

INSERT INTO products VALUES ('P002', 'Smartphone', 25000.00, 25);

OUTPUT:

STUDENT_ EMAIL MARKS

FULL _NAME DATE _OF_
ID
BIRTH

1 R AHUL SHARM A Rahul@gmail.

20 05 -08 -12 89.5
com

POOJA VERMA Pooja@gmail. 92.3

2 2004-03-05 com

CUSTOMER _ TOTAL_AMOUNT
ORDER_ID ORDER DATE
NAME

AMIT PATEL 1599.99

101 2024 -04 -01

102 SNEHA RAO 2024 -04 - 04 450.00

PRODUCT _ID PRODUCT _NAME PRICE QUANTITY

P00 1 10
LAPTOP 60000

P002 SMARTPHONE 25000 25