KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO.
1 FARIDABAD
SUMMER VACATION (2025-26) HOLIDAY HOME WORK
CLASS: XII SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
INSTRUCTIONS: Do all these questions in H.W. NOTEBOOK
RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
1. Show that the relation R defined in the set L of all the straight lines drawn in XY- plane,
given by R= {(𝐿1, , 𝐿2 ) ∶ 𝐿1 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝐿2 }, is an equivalence relation. Find the set of all
the straight lines related to the line 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 2.
2. Show that the relation R in the set A of all triangles, given by R = {(𝑇1 , 𝑇2 ) ∶
𝑇1 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜𝑇2 } is an equivalence relation. Consider the triangles T 1 with sides 3, 4,
5; T2 with sides 5, 12, 13 and T3 with sides 6,8,10. Which triangles among T1, T2 and T3 are
related?
3. Show that the relation R in the set 𝑹 of real numbers, defined as R= {(𝑎, 𝑏) ∶ 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏2 }, is
neither reflexive nor symmetric nor transitive.
4. Let 𝑓 ∶ 𝑋 → 𝑌 be a function. Define a relation R in set X given by R= {(𝑎, 𝑏) ∶ 𝑓(𝑎) =
𝑓(𝑏)}. Examine, if R is an equivalence relation.
5. Show that the relation R defined by (𝑎, 𝑏) 𝑅 (𝑐, 𝑑 ) 𝑖𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑓 𝑎 + 𝑑 = 𝑏 + 𝑐
𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑁 × 𝑁 is an equivalence relation.
6. Show that the relation R in the set A ={𝑥 ∶ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑊, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 12} given by
𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏) ∶ |𝑎 − 𝑏|𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 4} is an equivalence relation .Also find the set of
all elements related to 2.
7. If R1 and R2 are equivalence relations in a set A, show that R1 ∩ R2 is also an equivalence
relation in A.
8. If 𝑓 ∶ 𝑅 → 𝑅 be a function defined by 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 3 − 7 , show that the function 𝑓 is a
bijective function.
9. A function 𝑓 ∶ 𝑁 → 𝑅 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦
𝑛−1
𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑
𝑓 (𝑛 ) = { 𝑛2 . Show that this function is a bijection.
𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
2
10. A function 𝑓 ∶ 𝑁 → 𝑁 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦
𝑛 + 1 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑
𝑓 (𝑛 ) = { . Show that this function is a bijection.
𝑛 − 1 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
11. Show that the relation R on set 𝑁 × 𝑁 defined by ( a , b )R( c, d ) iff ad( b + c ) = bc( a + d )
is an equivalence relation.
12. Let R be an equivalence relation on the set Z, defined by𝑥 𝑅 𝑦 𝑖𝑓𝑓 𝑥 ≡ 𝑦 (𝑚𝑜𝑑 4). Find the
equivalence classes of 0, 1, 2 and 3. Also show that the union of these equivalence classes is
Z. [ 𝑥 ≡ 𝑦 (𝑚𝑜𝑑 𝑛) 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑥 − 𝑦.
13. Let 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 be two non empty sets. Show that the function 𝑓 ∶ 𝐴 × 𝐵 ⟶ 𝐵 × 𝐴 defined by
𝑓((𝑎, 𝑏)) = (𝑏, 𝑎) is bijective.
𝑥
14. Show that the function 𝑓 ∶ 𝑹 → {𝑥 ∶ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, −1 < 𝑥 < 1}𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 1+|𝑥| is bijective.
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
1. Determine the principal value of
(i) cos-1( -1/2).
(ii) cot-1 (- √3)
(iii) tan-1 (√3) – cot-1 (- √3)
(iv) cos-1(−1/2) + 2 sin-1(1/2)
2. Write the following into simplest form :
√1+sin 𝑥+√1−sin 𝑥
(i) tan−1 ( )
√1+sin 𝑥−√1−sin 𝑥
cos 𝑥
(ii) tan−1 (1+sin 𝑥)
√1+𝑥 2−1
(iii) tan−1 𝑥
3𝑎 2 𝑥−𝑥 3
(iv) tan−1 (𝑎3−3𝑎𝑥 2 )
2 3
(v) sin−1 ( 𝑥+ √1 − 𝑥 2 )
√13 √13
MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS
2 −2 8 0
1. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = [−4 2 ] , 𝐵 = [4 −2] , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 𝑋, 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 2𝐴 + 3𝑋 = 5𝐵.
5 1 3 6
1 2 3 −7 −8 −9
2. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 𝑋 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑋 [ ]= [ ].
4 5 6 2 4 6
𝛼
0 − tan 2
3. 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐴 = [ 𝛼 ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐼 𝑏𝑒 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 2. 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡
tan 2 0
cos 𝛼 − sin 𝛼
𝐼 + 𝐴 = (𝐼 − 𝐴 ) [ ].
sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼
2 3
4. 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐴 = [ ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 7, 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑓 (𝐴) = 0.
−1 2
𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐴5 .
1 0 2 1
5. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑥, 𝑖𝑓 [1 1 𝑥 ] [0 2 1] [1] = 𝑂.
2 1 0 1
2 3 1 0
6. 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐴 = [ ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐼 = [ ] , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐴2 = 𝑥𝐴 + 𝑦𝐼. 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐴−1 .
1 2 0 1
3
7. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 (𝐴𝐵)𝑇 = 𝐵𝑇 𝐴𝑇 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐴 = [ 1 ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = [1 −5 7].
−2
8. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐴𝐵 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐
𝑖𝑓𝑓 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 commutes i.e. 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐴.
4 3 7
9. 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑃 = [6 5 −8] 𝑎𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑
1 2 6
𝑎 𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 Verify your result.
