PART-3

ESTIMATING

Page-103
 Detailed Estimate for the 3-Storied Duplex building

(As per PWD Rate-2008)

1. Earth work in excavation in Foundation trenches i/c

Dressing levels etc. complete.
Column footing:
F1 41.20m1.20m2.30m =13.25 m³
F2 11.40m1.40m2.30m =4.51 m³
F3 71.70m1.70m2.30m =46.53 m³
F4 12.10m2.10m2.30m =1014 m³
F5 22.60m2.60m2.30m =31.10 m³
=105.53 cum

@ 59.00 Per cum. Tk. = 6,226.27

2.Sand filling in foundation bed.

F1 41.20m1.20m0.225m =1.30 m³
F2 11.40m1.40m 0.225m =0.44 m³
F3 71.70m1.70m0.225m =4.55 m³
F4 12.10m2.10m 0.225m =0.99 m³
F5 22.60m2.60m0.225m =3.04 m³
=10.32 m³

3. One Layer brick flat soling in Footing & floor

with 1st class brick i/c packing the joints with
local sand etc. complete.

a. Footing:
F1 41.20m1.20m =5.76 m²
F2 11.40m1.40m =1.96 m²
F3 71.70m1.70m =20.23 m²
F4 12.10m2.10m =4.41 m²
F5 22.60m2.60m =13.52 m²
=45.88 m²

Page-104
b. Floor
Master bed 13.56m3.05m =10.86 m²
Bed room-1 13.68m2.79m =10.27 m²
Bed room-2 13.96m2.79m =10.05 m²
Servant bed(I) 12.41m2.13m =5.13 m²
(ii) 10.89m0.79m =0.70 m²
Dining space 13.84m3m =11.52 m²
Kitchen 12.41m1.8m =4.34 m²
Right in kitchen 10.78m0.75m =0.59 m²
Toilet -1 12.75m1.27m =3.5 m²
Toilet -2 11.40m1.91m =2.67 m²
Toilet -3 11.65m1.91m =3.15 m²
Toilet -4 11.20m1.37m =1.64 m²
Corridor 19.28m1.25m =11.60 m²
Stair case 13.00m3.00m = 9.00 m²
Internal Stair 13.00m3.00m =9.00 m²
=95.02 m²
Grand total =140.90 m²

@ Tk. 234.00 Per sqm. Tk. =

32,970.60

4. Earth filling in side of column.

F1 41.20m1.20m2.00m =11.52 m³
F2 11.40m1.40m2.00m =3.92 m³
F3 71.70m1.70m2.00m =40.46 m³
F4 12.10m2.10m2.00m =8.82 m³
F5 22.60m2.60m2.00m =27.04 m³
=91.76 m³
Deduction
Base =10.86 m³
Trapezium portion =3.54 m³
Padestal =4.29 m³
=18.69 m³
Grand total=73.07 m³

@ Tk. 70.00 Per cum. Tk.= 5,114.90

5. Sand filling in plinth and side of column

Floors = 95.02 m²0.45 =42.76 cum.

@ Tk. 476.00 Per cum. Tk. 20,353.76

Page-105
6. Form work for all R.C.C work centering, Shuttering etc. complete.

For footing =22.43 m²

Column pedestal =36.24 m²
Grade beam =59.12 m²
Column (G.L to P.L) =153.60 m²
Beam =43.94 m²
Floor slab =338.67 m²
Lintel =39.18 m²
Sunshade =12.20 m²
Stair case =36.90 m²
Bellconi =17.53 m²
Cornice =33.80 m²
Chilla cota =39.03 m²
Grand total = 832.64 m²

@ Tk. 165.00 Per sqm. Tk. 1,37,385.60

7. R.C.C Work (1:2:4) in base of column:

Rectangular, Trapezoidal portion with ½” size
Khoa from 1st class brick or picked Jrama i/c
cast is placing in position, centering shuttering
& curing etc. complete.
(a) Base:
F1 41.20m1.20m0.15m =0.86 m³
F2 11.40m1.40m0.18m =0.35 m³
F3 71.70m1.70m0.22m =4.45 m³
F4 12.10m2.10m0.25m =1.10 m³
F5 22.60m2.60m0.30m =4.10 m³.
=10.86. m³

(b) Trapezium lotion :

2
1.2 + 0.90 
{1.22+0.902+4 
0.09
F1 4  } = 0.40m³
6  2 
2
1.4 + 0.90 
{1.42+0.902+4 
0.10
F2 1  } = 0.13m³
6  2 
 1.7 + 0.90 
2
0.12
F3 7 {1.72+0.902+4   } = 1.46m³ .
6  2 
2.1 + 0.95 
2

{2.12+0.952+4 
0.15
F4 1  } = 0.37m³ .
6  2 
2
2.6 + 1.0 
{2.62+1.02+4 
0.18
F5 2  } = 1.18m³
6  2 
. =3.54 m³
Page-106
 (c) Pedestal :
F1 40.30m0.30m1.76m =0.63 m³
F2 10.30m0.30m1.73m = 0.16m³
F3 70.30m0.30m1.67m = 1.05m³
F4 10.35m0.35m1.60m = 1.96m³
F5 20.40m0.40m1.52m = 0.49m³
=4.29 m³
.

(d) Column (Above GL):

F1 40.25m0.25m9.60m =2.40 m³
F2 10..25m0..25m9.60m = 0.60 m³
F3 70.25m0.25m9.60m = 4.20 m³
F4 10.30m0.30m9.60m = 0.86 m³
F5 20.35m0.35m9.60m = 2.35 m³
=10.41 m³
Chilla Cota
F2 10.25m0.25m2.55m = 0.16 m³
F3 10.30m0.30m2.55m = 0.23 m³
F5 20.35m0.35m2.55m = 0.62m³
=1.01m³
Grand total=30.11m ³

@ Tk. 5620.00 Per cum. Tk.= 1,69,218.20

8. R.C.C work in grade beam. Placating in

position, centering shuttering, casting and
curing etc. complete (1:2:4)

GB-1 113.30m0.25m0.23m =2.09 m³

GB-2 33.80m0.25m0.27m =0.76 m³
GB-3 84.30m0.25m0.29m =2.49 m³
=5.34 m³

@ Tk. 5973.00 Per cum. Tk.= 31,895.82

Page-107
9. R.C.C work in Upper beam , lintel & sunshade:
Placing in position centering, shuttering,
costing & curing etc. complete (1:2:4)

(a) Beam :
B-1 53.03m0.25m0.26m =0.99 m³
B-2 33.54m0.25m0.26m =0.69 m³
B-3 33.52m0.25m0.26m =0.69 m³
B-4 73.54m0.25m0.26m =1.61 m³
B-5 43.97m0.25m0.26m =1.03 m³
=5.01 m³

(b) Lintel
Ground floor 143.50m0.125m0.15m =0.82 m³
1st floor 141.50m0.125m0.15m =0.82 m³
2nd floor 145.20m0.125m0.15m =0.82 m³
=2.18 m³
(c) Sunshade:
Ground floor 110.75m0.25m0.08m =0.22 m³
1st floor 116.23m0.25m0.08m =0.82 m³
2nd floor 119.52m0.25m0.08m =0.82 m³
=0.93 m³
(d) Chilla cota 43.33m0.25m0.26m =0.86 m³
Grand total =8.98 m³
@ Tk. 5973.00 Per cum. Tk.= 53,637.54

10. Supplying fabrication and, fitting, fixing,

Binding to detailed as per designed of mild
steel reinforcement.

Footing : 947.92 kg
Column : 3405.35 kg
Grade beam : 681.12 kg
Beam : 4103.49 kg
Slab : 3488.85 kg
Lintel : 368.61 kg
Stair case : 610.26 kg
=13605.60kg
=136.07quintal

@ Tk. 5500.00 Per Quintal Tk. = 7,48,385

Page-108
11. R.C.C works in 4.25” thick floor slab with
½” brick chips from 1st class brick work i/c
placing in position centering, shuttering,
casting and curing etc complete (1:2:4)

Floor slab 314.89m7.88m0.10m =35.19 m³

&Roof slab .
Cornice 147.92m0.60m0.10m =2.86 m³
Chilla cota slab 13.83m3.83m0.10m =1.47 m³
=40.60 m³
Deduction :
Stair slab 33.00m3.00m0.10m =2.70 m³
Cornice 13.00m3.00m0.10m =0.90 m³
Grand total =37 m³

@ Tk. 5973/- Per cum. Tk. = 2,21,001.00

12. 1st Class brick works in superstructure wall in

cement mortar 1:4 i/c scaffolding, racking out
of the joints, corning etc. complete.

(a) 25cm Brick works Grade beam to P.L (1:6)

175.99m0.25m0.45m =8.55 m³

(b)Superstructure wall (Total) =24.70 m³

24.70 m³
Deduction
W1 61.80m0.25m1.35m =3.65 m³
SW1 21.00m0.25m1.35m =0.68 m³
SW2 42.00m0.25m1.35m =2.70 m³
(-) =7.03 m³
Grand total=17.67 m³
@ Tk. 3636/- Per cum. Tk.= 64,248.12

13. 1st Class brick works in superstructure wall in

mortar 1:4 i/c scaffolding, racking out of the
joints,corning etc. complete.

12.5cm thick brick wall

(a) Ground floor (all) =167.36 m²

Page-109
Deduction for door & window opening

D1 . 21.00m =2.00m
D2 20.90m =1.80m
D3 10.75m =0.75m
=4.55m2.10m=9.56 m²
W . 12.10m =2.10m
W1 . 31.80m =5.40m
W2 11.65m =1.65m
W3 11.50m =1.50m
W4 11.20m =1.20m
=11.85m1.35m=15.97 m²
HW 112.70m0.75m =9.53 m²
(-)=35.06 m²
Total =132.30 m²

(b) 1st & Typical floor (all) =323.06 m²

Parapet wall =37.31 m²
Chilla cota =29.89 m²
=390.26 m²
Deduction for door & window opening
D1 31.00m =3.00m
D3 100.75m =7.5m
=210.5m2.1m=44.10 m²
W1 . 21.80m =3.80m
W2 21.80m =3.60m
W3 21.50m =3.00m
W4 21.20m =2.40m
=12.90m1.35m=17.42 m²

HW1 31.2m1.35m =2.7 m²

HW2 20.75m0.45m =0.34 m²
SW 21.00m1.35m =2.7 m²
=25.74 m=11.48 m²
(-)Total=73.00 m²
GT=(390.26-73.00)=317.26 m²

@ Tk. 542/- Per sqm. Tk.= 1,71,954.00

Page-110
14. Wood worked by Kathal & Jam door &
window Frame i/c supplying fitting & fixing
with all necessary materials etc. complete.

(a) Frame
D1 85.20m =41.6m
D2 25.10m =10.60
D3 214.95m =103.95m
=156.15m0.08m0.10m=1.25 m³

@ Tk. 79396/- Tk. = 99,245

1
(b) Wood work by Khathal 1 ” Thickness of
2
door & window shutter plannel &
supplying fitting & fixing with the
necessary materials etc. complete.

D1 80.87m 2.02m =14.06 m²

D2 20.77m 2.02m =3.11 m²
D3 210.65m 2.02m =27.57 m²
=44.74 m²
.
@ Tk. 4598/- Per sqm Tk. = 2,05,714.52

15.Window (Glass)

W 12.1m 1.35m =2.84 m²

W1 71.80m 1.35m =17.01 m²
W2 31.65m 1.35m =6.68 m²
W2 (Din) 21.65m 1.95m =6.43 m²
W3 51.50m 1.35m =10.13 m²
W4 51.2m 1.35m =8.10 m²
HW1 61.20m0.75m =5.40m²
HW2 30.75m0.75m =1.68 m²
SW 41.00m1.35m =5.40 m²
SW1 21.00m1.50m =3.00 m²
=66.67 m²

@ Tk. /- Per sqm. Tk.=

Page-111
16. Supplying fitting fixing in window grills (20 mm5mm)

Same as item No. 15 =66.67 m²

@ Tk. 1653/- Per sqm. Tk.= 1,10,205.51

17.12.5mm Cement plaster (1:6) scaffolding, curing etc complete

(a) Ground floor

Outer wall 122.77m 3.75m =85.39 m²

Inner wall
Guest room 115.12m =15.12m
Drg room 113.60m =163.60m
Store 18.74m =8.74m
Pantry 18.25m =8.25m
C. bath 17.40m =7.40m
Garage 125.50m =25.50m
Internal stair 112.00m =12.00m
Stair room 112.00m =12.00m
15.80m =5.80m
=108.41m2.90m=314.39 m²

Garden wall 112.70m3.55m =45.09 m²

Sunshade (Total) =6.04 m²
Stair room
(Side) 41.250m0.15m =0.75m²
(Bottom) 190.50.25m0.15m =0.36 m²
=52.24 m²
Total=366.63 m²

Deduction for door & window opening

Same as item No. 13(a) =35.06 m²
SW 21.00m1.50m =3.00 m²
(-)=38.06 m²
Total=328.57 m²

Page-112
(b) 1st & Typical floor

Outer wall 122.77m 3.00m =68.31 m²

Inner wall
Master bed 114.10m =14.10m
Bed room-1 113.01m =13.01m
Bed room-2 113.83m =13.83m
Dining space 17.72m =7.72m
Servant bed 18.86m =8.86m
Corridor 116.63m =16.16m
Kitchen 18.56m =8.56m
Toilet-1 19.00m =9.00m
Toilet-2 16.76m =6.76m
Toilet-3 112.02m =12.02m
Toilet-4 19.36m =9.36m
Internal stair 19.00m =9.00m
Stair room 112.00m =12.00m
=140.85m2.90m=408.47 m²

Balconi-1 14.00m0.10m =0.40 m²

Balconi-2 13.85m0.10m =0.36 m²
Balconi-3 13.93m0.10m =0.39 m²
Parapet wall 119.47m1.93m =37.58 m²
Chilla cota 112.00m2.55m =30.60m²
Sunshade (Total) =19.85m²
Stair case (Total) =2.21m²
=91.49m²
Total =499.96 m²

Deduction for door & window opening

Same as item No. 13(b) (-) = 73.00 m²
Total-=426.96 m²

Grand total = 328.57+426.96 = 755.53 m²

@ Tk. 151/- Per sqm. Tk. = 1,14,085.03

Page-113
18. 6.25mm thick ceiling plaster (1:4)
with centering & shutters etc complete

(a) Ground floor

Guest room 13.30m4.25m =14.03 m²
Drg room 14.03m5.18m =20.88 m²
Store 12.10m2.20m =84.62 m²
Pantry 10.77m2.20m =1.69 m²
C. bath 11.50m2.20m =3.30 m²
Garage 17.63m3.85m =29.38 m²
14.25m1.25m =5.31 m²
Stair case
Weist slab 41.25m1.00m =5.00 m²
Landing 31.00m1.00m =3.00 m²
Step top 191.00m0.25m =4.75 m²
=91.96 m²

(b) 1st & Typical floor

Master bed 13.75m 3.30m =12.38 m²

Bed room-1 13.63m2.88m =10.45 m²
Bed room-2 14.03m2.88m =11.06 m²
Dining space 14.03m3.30m =13.30 m²
Sarvent bed 12.50m2.23m =5.56 m²
Corridor 19.28m1`.25m =11.60 m²
Kitchen 12.38m1.90m =4.52 m²
Toilet-1 12.75m1.25m =3.44 m²
Toilet-2 12.75m1.38m =3.80 m²
Toilet-3 12.75m1.63m =4.48 m²
Toilet-4 11.20m1.35m =1.62 m²
Internal stair 13.00m3.00m =9.00 m²
Balconi-1 13.00m1.00m =9.00 m²
Balconi-2 13.00m0.75m =2.25 m²
Balconi-3 12.78m0.75m =2.09 m²

Stair case
Waist slab 41.25m1.00m =5.00 m²
Landing 31.00m1.00m =3.00 m²
Step top 191.00m0.25m =4.75 m²
=117.32=234.60 m²

Page-114
 Cornice 147.92m1.20m =57.50 m²
Chilla cota 13.00m3.00m =9.00m²
Chilla cota(cornice) 18.72m1.20m =10.46 m²
Total=311.56 m²

Grand total = 91.96+311.56 = 403.52 m²

@ Tk. 125/- Per sqm. Tk.= 50,440

19. 7.5cm thick cement concrete in floors (1:3:6)

Same as item No. 3(b) : 95.020.075m =7.13 m³

@ Tk. 5973/- Per cum. Tk.= 42,587.49

20. 2.5cm thick patent stone flooring (1:2:4)

Same as item No. 3(b) = 95.02 m²

@ Tk. 237/- Per sqm. Tk. = 22,519.74

21. Tiles in flooring
Same as item no-3(b) =295.02 m²
=190.04 m²

@ Tk. 1044/- Per sqm. Tk.= 1,98,401.76

22. Oil Bound Distemper
Same as item No. 17 = 601.83 m²

@ Tk. 105/- Per sqm. Tk.= 63,192.15

23. Plastic Paint in ceiling

Same as item No. 18 =403.52 m²

@ Tk. 161.60 per sqm. Tk. = 65,208.83

24. Out side White washing 2 coat:

Same as item No. 17 = 153.70 m²
(Only outer wall)
@ Tk. 12.00 per sqm. Tk.= 1,844.40

Page-115
25. Painting in door & window grill 2 coats.
(Panel door & window)
D1 82.251.00m2.10m =37.80 m²
D2 22.250.90m2.10m =8.51 m²
D3 212.250.75m2.10m =74.42 m²

Grill : Same is item no. 15 = 66.67 m²

=187.40 m²

@ Tk. 123/- Per sqm. Tk. = 23,050.20

26. 7.5cm thick lime terracing (2:2:7)

114.89m7.88m0.75m =8.80 m³

@ Tk. 8319.009 Per cum. Tk. = 73,207.28

Total Estimated cost (Item no.1 to 21) Tk. = 50,48,753.67

27. Concil electrification work

7.5% of total estimated cost. Tk. = 3,78,656.53

28. Water supply and sanitary works i/c

construction of septic tank, Soak well
water tank, supply water pumps, water
line seawares line: fitting fixing etc.
complete.
10% of Total Estimated Cost Tk.= 5,04,875.37
Grand Total Tk. =69,32,285.57
In words: (Sixty-Nine Lac Thirty-two Thousand Two Hundred Eighty-Five Taka).

Page-116
 PART-4
REFERENCE
BOOK

Page-117
Appendex
Useful tables for R.C.C Design
Table 1.8.1 Water/Cement Ratio-Strength Relationship at 28 days.
(Reference by Khan & Rahman Page No. 20-21)

Water/Cement 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80
weight
Strength units 530 470 420 370 320 280 250 220 200 180
kg/cm2

Strength at 3 months and 1 year are 25% and 67% greater than 28 days strength.
Strength at 7 days and 14 days are 33% and 25% less than 28 days strength.

In practice the amount of water is actually determined at site; by means of slump test
with trial mixtures. A table of water cement ratio by weight is given below for different
mixtures according to the British standard specifications.

Proportions 1:2:4 1:1 ½:3 1:1:2

Water cement ratio (by 0.58 0.51 0.43
weight
Weight of water per bag of cement (1 bag=50 kg) ie.
Ww=500.58=29 kg=29 liter.

Table: 1.8.2 Increase in Strength of Concrete with Age

(Reference by Khan & Rahman Page No. 23)

Age Strength in percent

Ordinary cement Rapid hardening cement
7 days 35% 65%
28 days 60% 90%
3 months 85% 95%
1 year 100% 100%

Table 1.8.6 (Reference by Khan & Rahman Page No. 34-35)

SL No. Type of Construction Slump range Slump range

(in mm) (in inch)
1. R.C. Foundation walls and footings 50-100 2-4
2. R.C.C Slab, beam & walls 50-125 2-5
3. Building Column 75-150 3-6
4. Bridge deck 25-75 1-3
5. Pavements 25-50 1-2
6. Un reinforced footing, caissons and 25-75 1-3
substructure walls

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 7. Heavy was construction 25-75 1-3
8. Vibrated concrete 1-25 0.4.1

“The proportions of the aggregate should be adjusted or upper limit to lower limit
progressively at the grading of F.A. becomes finer and the maximum size of C.A.
becomes larger. For an average grading of F.A. the proportions should be 1:1/2, 1:2 and
1:3 for maximum size of aggregate 10 mm. 20 mm and 40 mm respectively.

Table: 1.10.1 (Reference by Khan & Rahman Page No. 36)

Compressive strength at Compressive strength at

Grade of Concrete preliminary test (24 days) work test (28 days)
(N/mm2) (N/mm2)
M10 13.5 10
M15 20.0 15
M20 26.0 20
M25 32.0 25
M30 38.0 30
M35 44.0 35
M40 50.0 40

Note 1: 1N/mm2 is very early equal to 10 kg/cm2

Note 2: M5 and M7.5 grades of concrete may be used for lean concrete base (mud mat)
and for simple foundation for masonry walls.
Note 3: Grade of concrete lower than M15 shall not be used in reinforced concrete.

Table 4.11.1 moment co-efficient (Reference by Khan & Rahman Page No. 136)

Short span Long

Values of m (Ratio of short span to long span) span. all
Moments
0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 and values of
1.0 0.9 less m
1. Interior panels
Negative moment at 0.033 0.040 0.048 0.055 0.063 0.086 0.033
Continuous edge...... .... .... .... ... .... .... ....
Discontinues edge..
Position moment at mid span 0.025 0.030 0.036 0.041 0.047 0.062 0.025
2. One edge discontinuous
Negative moment at 0.041 0.048 0.055 0.062 0.069 0.085 0.041
Continuous edge...... 0.021 0.024 0.027 0.031 0.035 0.042 0.021
Discontinues edge..
Position moment at mid span 0.031 0.036 0.041 0.047 0.052 0.064 0.031
3. Two edges discontinuous
Negative moment at 0.041 0.057 0.064 0.071 0.078 0.090 0.049
Continuous edge...... 0.021 0.028 0.032 0.036 0.039 0.045 0.025
Discontinues edge..
Position moment at mid span 0.031 0.043 0.048 0.054 0.059 0.068 0.037

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4. Three edges discontinuous
Negative moment at 0.058 0.066 0.074 0.082 0.090 0.098 0.058
Continuous edge...... 0.029 0.033 0.037 0.041 0.045 0.049 0.029
Discontinues edge..
Position moment at mid span 0.044 0.050 0.056 0.062 0.068 0.074 0.044
5. Four edges discontinuous
Negative moment at
Continuous edge...... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....
Discontinues edge.. 0.033 0.038 0.043 0.047 0.053 0.055 0.033
Position moment at mid span 0.050 0.057 0.064 0.072 0.080 0.083 0.050

Table A-6 Formula Coefficients for Rectangular Beam sections.

(Reference by Khan & Rahman Page No. 521)

K=n(n+r) j=1-k/3 P=n/2r(n+r) R=1/2fcjk M=Rbd²

n and f'c
fs fc k j Ps R
psi
1000 0.387 0.871 0.0099 157
18.000
1125 0.385 0.871 0.0120 190
10 1000 0.333 0.889 0.0083 148
20.000
(2500) 1125 0.362 0.879 0.0102 179
1000 0.294 0.902 0.0061 133
24.000
1125 0.321 0.893 0.0075 161
1200 0.375 0.875 0.0125 197
18.000
1350 0.408 0.866 0.0153 238
9 1200 0.351 0.883 0.0105 186
20.000
(3000) 1350 0.341 0.872 0.0129 226
1200 0.310 0.897 0.0078 167
24.000
1350 0.336 0.886 0.0096 204
18.000 1600 0.416 0.861 0.0185 286
1800 0.444 0.852 0.0222 341
8 20.000 1600 0.390 0.870 0.0156 272
(4000) 1800 0.419 0.860 0.0188 324
24.000 1600 0.345 0.884 0.0116 246
1800 0.375 0.875 0.0141 295
18.000 2000 0.438 0.854 0.0243 374
2250 0.470 0.843 0.0294 446
7 20.000 2000 0.412 0.863 0.0206 355
(5000) 2250 0.444 0.852 0.0250 426
24.000 2000 0.368 0.877 0.0154 323
2250 0.400 0.867 0.0187 390

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Table A-7 Allowable Stresses in concrete
(Reference by Khan & Rahman Page No. 521)

Allowable Stresses
For strength of concrete shown
For any below
Description
strength of f′c f′c f′c f′c
concrete =2500 = 3000 = 4000 = 5000
psi psi psi psi
Modulus of elasticity 29.000.000
ration: n............ w15 33 f ' c
For concrete weighing 145
lb. per cu.ft...... n 10 9 8 7
Flexure: fc
Extreme fiber stress in
compression............ fc 0.45 f ' c 1125 1350 1800 2250
Extreme fiber stress in
tension in plain concrete
footings and walls fc 1.6 f ' c 80 88 102 113
Shear: v as a measure of
diagonal tension at a distance
d from the face of the support)
Beams with no web
reinforcement ..................... vc 1.1 f ' c 55 60 70 78
Member with vertical or vc 61 66 77 86
inclined web 1.2 f 'c
reinforcement or combined
bent bars ad vertical
stirrups
Slabs and footings v 5 f 'c'' 250 274 316 354
(peripheral
2 f 'c
shear)................................ vc 100 110 126 141
Bearing: f c
On full area 0.25 f ' c 625 750 1000 1250
On one-third area or least 938 1125 1500 1875
0.375 f ' c

▪ For shear values for lightweight aggregate concrete.

This increase shall be permitted only when the least distance between the edges of the
loaded and unloaded areas is a minimum of one-fourth the parallel side dimension of
the loaded area. The allowable bearing stress on a reasonably concentric area greater
than one-third but less than the full area shall be interpolated between the values given.

Page-121
Table A-10 Live Loads in pounds per square foot.
(Reference by Khan & Rahman Page No. 523)

Structural General Live Loads

Occupancy American Standards Sl
Association 1955 (Ib/sft) kN/m2
Dwellings, apartment and tenement
Houses, hotels, club houses, hospitals
and places of detention: 40 2
Dwellings, private rooms and
apartments public corridors, lobbies and
dinning rooms. 100 5
School Buildings:
Class rooms and rooms of Similar use 40 2
Corridors and public of Similar use 100 5
Theaters Assembly Halls, and other
places of assemblage:
Auditoriums with fixed seats 60 3
Lobbies, Passageways, gymnasiums,
Grandstands and auditoriums of places
of assemblage without fixed seats. 100 5
Office Buildings:
Office space 80 4
Corridors and other public places 100 5
Workshops, factories and mercantile
Establishments Manufacturing light 125 6.25
Manufacturing heavy 125 6.25
Storage-light 125 6.25
Storage-heavy 250 12.50
Stores-retail 100 5.00
Stores-wholesale 125 6.25
Garages:
All types of vehicles passenger car only 100 5.00
All stairs and fire escapes
Except in private residence 100 5.00
Roofs (flat) 20 1.00
Sidewalks 250 12.50
Wind 10 0.57

Note: 1 Following values of live loads may be taken in design of specific structures:
(1) Elevator Machine room =1000 kg/m2 (10000 N/m2)
(2) Ice-skating rink = 1250 kg/m2 (12500 N/m2)
(3) Telephone exchange room = 1000 kg/m2 (10000 N/m2)
(4) Transformer room = 1000 kg/m2 (10000 N/m2)
(Multiple by 10 to convert unit of load from kg/m2 to N/m2)

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 TABLE-A-17 MOMENT AND SHEAR VALUES USING ACI CO-EFFICENTS.
(Reference by Khan & Rahman Page No. 528)

Positive moment:
End spans:
1
E. discontinuous and is unrestrained ........................... wL2
11
1
If discontinuous end is integral with the support .......... wL2
14
1
Interior spans................................................................. wL2
16
Negative moment at exterior face of first interior support:
1 2
Two spans......................................................................... wL
9
1
More than two spans ........................................................ wL2
10
1
Negative moment at other face of interior supports ......... wL2
10

Negative moment at face of all supports for. (1) slabs with

spans not exceeding 10 ft. and (2) beams and girders where
ration of sum of column stiffness to beam stiffness
1
exceeds eight at each end of the span... wL2
12

Negative moment at interior faces of exterior supports for

members built integrally with their supports:
1
Where the support is a spandrel beam or girder.................... wL2
24
1
Where the support is a column............................................. wL2
16
wL2
Shear in end members at first interior support ................... 1.15
2
2
wL
Shear at all other supports .................................................
2

* w=total load per unit length of beam or per unit area of slab.
l=clear span for positive moment and shear and the average of the two adjacent clear
spans for negative moment.

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