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UPSC Mains 2023: Paper IV UPSC Main

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MAINS

Syllabus

General Studies-III
23 Jul 2018 13 min read

(Technology, Economic Development, Bio-

diversity, Environment, Security and
Disaster Management)
Indian Economy and issues relating to Planning,
Mobilization of Resources, Growth, Development and
Employment.

Inclusive Growth and issues arising from it.

Government Budgeting.

Major Crops - Cropping Patterns in various parts of the

country, - Different Types of Irrigation and Irrigation
Systems; Storage, Transport and Marketing of
Agricultural Produce and Issues and Related
Constraints; E-technology in the aid of farmers.

Issues related to Direct and Indirect Farm Subsidies

and Minimum Support Prices; Public Distribution
System - Objectives, Functioning, Limitations,
Revamping; Issues of Buffer Stocks and Food Security;
Technology Missions; Economics of Animal-Rearing.

Food Processing and Related Industries in India-

Scope’ and SigniZcance, Location, Upstream and
Downstream Requirements, Supply Chain
Management.

Land Reforms in India.

Effects of Liberalization on the Economy, Changes in

Industrial Policy and their Effects on Industrial Growth.

Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways

etc.

Investment Models.

Science and Technology- Developments and their

Applications and Effects in Everyday Life.

Achievements of Indians in Science & Technology;

Indigenization of Technology and Developing New
Technology.

Awareness in the Zelds of IT, Space, Computers,

Robotics, Nano-technology, Bio-technology and issues
relating to Intellectual Property Rights.

Conservation, Environmental Pollution and

Degradation, Environmental Impact Assessment.

Disaster and Disaster Management.

Linkages between Development and Spread of

Extremism.

Role of External State and Non-state Actors in creating

challenges to Internal Security.

Challenges to Internal Security through

Communication Networks, Role of Media and Social
Networking Sites in Internal Security Challenges,
Basics of Cyber Security; Money-Laundering and its
prevention.

Security Challenges and their Management in Border

Areas - Linkages of Organized Crime with Terrorism.

Various Security Forces and Agencies and their

Mandate.

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Indian Economy & Issues Relating to Planning,

Mobilization of Resources, Growth, Development &
Employment

Planning
Determinants of
Meaning of Planning Growth &
Development
Need for Planning in
Economic Importance &
Development Limitations of
Economic Growth
Imperative Vs.
Indicative Vs. Jobless Growth
Structural Planning
Pro-Poor Growth
Objectives of
Balanced &
Planning
Unbalanced Growth
Indian Planning
Dimensions of
History
Development
Techniques of Indian
Measurement &
Planning
Indicators of
Achievements & Development
Failures of Indian
Approaches to
Planning
Development:
Shortcomings of
Market-Based
Planning in India
Approach
NITI Aayog Vs.
Role of State and
Planning
Planned
Commission
Approach
Mobilisation of
Mixed Economy
Resources
Approach
Types of Resources
Challenges to
– Financial, Human,
Development &
Natural etc.
Growth
Need for Resource
Employment
Mobilisation
Nature – Rural vs.
Role of Savings &
Urban, Formal Vs.
Investment
Informal
Government
Terms Related to
Resources – Tax &
Employment –
Non-Tax ( or Fiscal &
Labour Force
Monetary Policy)
Participation Rate,
Banking Sector & Employment Rate,
NBFCs Working Age
Capital Market Population etc.

External Sources – Sectoral Distribution

FDI, ODA etc. of Employment

Public Borrowing & Quality of

Management of Employment
Public Debt Causes of Lack of
Challenges in Employment
Mobilising Restructuring of
Resources for Workforce
Development
Government
Steps That Can Be Initiatives for
Taken Generating
Growth & Development Employment

Meaning of
Development &
Growth

Difference between
Development &
Growth

Inclusive Growth & Issues Arising From It

What is Inclusive Indicators of

Growth? Inclusive Growth

Elements of Challenges in
Inclusive Growth Achieveing Inclusive
Growth in India
Need for Inclusive
Growth 12th FYP & Inclusive
Growth

Government Budgeting

Need for Government

Fiscal DeZcit
Budgeting
Primary DeZcit
Components of the
Government Budget Fiscal Policy

Revenue Account – DeKcit Reduction

Revenue Receipts &
FRBM Act
Revenue
Expenditure Other Types of Budgets
– Outcome, Zero-Based,
Capital Account –
etc.
Capital Receipts &
Capital Expenditure

Changes in Budgetary
Process in 2017

Measures of
Government DeKcit

Revenue DeZcit

Land Reforms in India

Rationale for Land Success of Land

Reforms Reforms

Components of Recent Initiatives -

Land Reforms Land Leasing, Land
Acquisition,
Impact of Land
Rehabilitation &
Reforms
Resettlement Act,
Problems in etc.
Implementaion of
Land Reforms

Effects of Liberalization on the Economy

Impact on Different
Phase of Liberalisation Sectors of the
Economy

Changes In Industrial Policy & their Effects on

Industrial Growth

Industrial Policy Weaknesses and

Before 1991 Failures of Industrial
Policies
Industrial Policy
After 1991 National
Manufacturing
Phases of Industrial
Policy
Growth
SEZs
Linkage Between
Economic Reforms Make in India
and Economic
Outcomes

Infrastructure

Energy Airports

Ports Railways

Roads

Investment Models

Need for Investment

Foreign Investment
Sources of Investment Models:

Types of Investment FDI

Models
FII, etc.
Domestic Sector SpeciZc
Investment Models Investment Models

Public Cluster Based

Investment Investment Models
Model
Investment Models
Private Followed by India
Investment
Model

Public Private
Participation
Investment
Model

AGRICULTURE

Major Crops Cropping Patterns in Various Parts of

the Country

Importance of Factors Ineuencing

Cropping Pattern Cropping Pattern

Types of Cropping Emerging Trends in

Pattern Cropping Pattern

Reasons Why Long-Run Effects of

Cropping Pattern Current Trends in
Differ Cropping Pattern

Different Types of Irrigation & Irrigation Systems

Storage

Modes of Irrigation Progress of

Irrigation Under Five
Sources of Irrigation
Year Plans
Choosing an
Environmental
Irrigation System
Effects of Irrigation
Problems
Need for Systemic
Associated with
Irrigation Reforms
Irrigation
Need for a National
Water Policy

Transport & Marketing of Agricultural Produce &

Issues & Related Constraints

Process of APMCs
Agricultural
National
Marketing -
Agricultutral Market
Marketing Channels,
(NAM)
Functionaries, Costs,
etc. Farmer Producer
Organisations (FPO)
Role of FCI
Contract Farming
Regulated Markets
Futures Trading in
Warehousing
Agricultural
Cooperative Commodities
Marketing

Shortcomings of
Current Agricultural
Marketing Process

E-Technology in the Aid of Farmers, Technology

Missions

Issues Related to Direct & Indirect Farm Subsidies &

Minimum Support Prices

Agricultural Pricing Effectiveness, Extent

Policy & Problems of
Subsisies
Rationale for
Subsidies Clash with WTO
Agreements
Types of Subsidies

Public Distribution System Objectives, Functioning,

Limitations, Revamping

Objectices/SigniZcance Need to Improve the

Working of PDS
Functioning - Fair
Price Shops, FCI, Measures to
Ration Cards, Improve the
Aadhar Linking, etc. Loopholes &
Lacunaes
Shortcomings or
Associated with PDS
Problems
Associated with PDS Steps Taken by
Governement in this
Regard

Issues of Buffer Stocks & Food Security

Buffer Stock – Need for Food

Objectives & Norms Security
in India
NFSM And othe
Impact of Food Security
Government Realted Government
Procurement & Initiatives
Distribution

Economics of Animal-Rearing

Food Processing & Related Industries in India

Scope & Potential in Upstream &

India Downstream
Requirements
SigniZcance
Supply Chain
Location
Management
Constraints and
Government Policies
Challenges
and Initiatives –
SAMPADA, 12th FYP,
etc.

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Developments & their Applications & Effects in

Everyday Life

Chemicals in Food
Anti-Fertility Drugs,
ArtiZcial Sweetening etc.
Agents
Cleansing Agents
Food Preservatives
Soaps
Drugs
Synthetic detergents
Antacid
Glass
Antihistamines
Water Softener
Neurologically
Active Drugs Water
PuriKcation/Disinfection
Tranquilizers
Microwave Oven, etc.
Analgesics

Antimicrobials

Antibiotics

Antiseptic and
Disinfectant

Achievements of Indians in Science & Technology

Chandrasekhara A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

Venkata Raman
Vikram Sarabhai
Acharya Jagadish
Mokshagundam
Chandra Bose
Visvesvaraya
Satyendra Nath
Har Gobind Khorana
Bose
Tessy Thomas
Meghnad Saha
C.N.R. Rao
Homi Jehangir
Bhabha

Subrahmanyan
Chandrasekhar

Indigenization of Technology & Developing New

Technology

IT & Computers Robotics

Space Defence

Nanotechnology Nuclear

Biotechnology

Awareness in Different Fields

IT & Computers Robotics

Space Defence

Nanotechnology Nuclear

Biotechnology

Issues Relating to Intellectual Property Rights

Need for Intellectual International

Property Rights Agreements Related
to IPRs
Types of IPR
Geographical
IPR Regime in India
Indicators

Recent Issues -
Evergreening,
Compuslory
Licensing,
Prominent Cases
etc.

BIODIVERSITY &
ENVIRONMENT

Conservation

What is Biodiversity? Conservation

Types of Biodiversity – In-situ & Ex-Situ

Genetic, Species,
Eco-Sensitive Areas
Ecosystem, etc.
Ecological Hotspots
Importance of
National Guidelines,
Biodivesirty –
Legislations & Other
Ecosystem Services,
Programmes.
Bio Resources of
Economic Importance, International
Social BeneKts etc. Agreements &
Groupings
Resasons for Loss of
Biodiversity

Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Types of Pollution & Causes/Sources of

Pollutants Pollution & Degradation

Impact of Pollution & Prevention & Control of

Degradation Pollution & Degradation

Ozone Layer National Environment

Depletion and Ozone Agencies, Legislations
Hole and Policies

Greenhouse Gas International

Effect & Global Environment Agencies
Warming & Agreements
Eutrophication

DesertiZcation

Acid Rain

Hazardous Waste,
etc.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

What is EIA? Need & BeneZts of

EIA
Indian Guidelines &
Legislations Shortcomings of EIA
in India
EIA Process
Measures to Make
EIA Effective

Disaster Management

Types of Disasters Community Level

Disaster
Management of
Management
Disasters
Governement
Initiatives on
Disaster
Management

SECURITY

Linkages Between Development & Spread of

Extremism

Factors Responsible Naxalism

for Spread of
Extremism

Steps that State can

Taken to Reduce the
Spread of
Extremism due to
Underdevelopment

Role of External State & Non-State Actors in Creating

Challenges to Internal Security

Threats from Non-State Institutional Framework

Actors to Tackle Challenge of
Internal Security
J&K Separatism
NIA
Left Wing Extremism
NATGRID
North East
Insurgency MAC

Terrorism in UAPA
Hinterland & Border
TADA
Areas
POTA
Right Wing
Terrorism NCTC

Reasons for Spread of

Terrorism

State Sponsored
Terrorism

Challenges to Internal Security Through

Communication Networks

Role of Media & Steps That can be

Social Networking Taken
Sites in Internal
Security Challenges

Challenges in
Managing Social
Media

Basics of Cyber Security

Cyber Security International

Cooperation on
Threats to Indian
Cyber Security
Cyber Security
Cyber Warfare
Steps taken by India
Terms Associated
with Cyber Security

Money-Laundering & its Prevention

Process of Money Steps to Counter

Laundering Share Page  Money Laundering
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